高考英语二轮专题复习导学案三十八

高考英语二轮专题复习导学案三十八

‎2012届高考英语二轮专题复习经典导学案资料（三十八）‎ 每日一句 The sailor has adequate experience and he tells us his interesting experiences every time we are invited to his party.‎ 这水手有丰富的经验，每次我们受邀去参加他的聚会，他都给我们讲他有趣的经历。‎ 基础词汇强化练习 ‎1.It’s wrong for the visitors to be c________ to the animals in the zoo. 2.It seems that he is quite c_________ with what he has got. 3.We were all a___________ at the a_________ news he told us just now. 4.It’s hard for her to decide what to buy because she is quite p________ about the things she buys. 5.Whoever comes, my mother will e_________ him the best food of our family. 6. In no time, the exciting news spread t_________ the whole country. 7. Because of the terrible earthquake, many children became h_____________. 8. It’s hard to imagine that such a millionaire wears a w___________ coat. 9. Many of us know the famous saying “F________ is the mother of success.” 10. With the boy leading the way, we had no d____________ in finding his house.‎ ‎1. cruel    2. content     3. astonished    astonishing     4. particular    5. entertain 6. throughout     7. homeless    8. worn-out    9. Failure      10. difficulty  ‎ 书面表达经典句式强化记忆 ‎112. I'd like /love to, but... 我很想,但…….‎ I'd love to, but I'm afraid I'm otherwise engaged. ‎ 我很想,但恐怕我已经另有安排了. [ 拒绝别人邀请的经典句型.]‎ ‎113. I'm (not) certain... 我(不)确定…….‎ I'm certain that you will get over your laziness. ‎ 我确信你会克服你的惰性的. [没有什么是不能克服的,只要有决心]‎ ‎114. I'm afraid I won't be able to... 恐怕我不能…….‎ I'm afraid I won't be able to finish the task before Friday. ‎ 恐怕我无法在星期五之前完成这项任务.‎ 书面表达经典朗读素材 Most beautiful in a Mirror ‎　　When facing a mirror, how do you feel? Proud ? Satisfied? Or sad ? In fact, most people look the most beautiful just when looking at themselves in the mirror. It is probably because everyone wishes to be flattered, especially by a “fair” mirror. That the reflections in the mirrors show their beauty makes them feel comfortable.‎ ‎　　So a suggestion has been given: “Smile to a mirror when you feel lonely.” Of course, if you are really smiling to your heart, you will be glad to enjoy your look, even the spots on it, which are regarded as your own characters. Now, one’s look depends on one’s heart, though at the same time, the mirrors unfair. The spots, however, will not go away unless you clear them. Flattery is never true, it must prevent you from improving yourself. In the end, I would like to say: Let the mirror put its ‎ finger on your weak spot, then you may be the most beautiful in the fair life.‎ 经典谚语积累 It is too late to grieve when the chance is past. 坐失良机，后悔已迟。‎ 高频语法点拾贝 考点三　there be结构的非谓语形式及其用法 there be结构的非谓语形式有there to be和there being两种。它们可以在句中作主语，宾语或状语。‎ ‎1.作主语时，there being可直接位于句首作主语，当“there to be＋名词短语”作主语时，通常要用for引导。‎ It would be surprising for there not to be any objections(没有反对意见).‎ ‎2.作动词宾语时，通常要用there to be结构，常见的动词有expect，like，mean，intend，want，hate等。‎ ‎3.作介词宾语时，如果介词是for，便只能用there to be结构；如果是其他介词，则要用there being结构。‎ ‎4.作状语时，通常要用there being结构。‎ There being no further business(没有什么事)，the chairman closed the meeting.‎ 考题印证 ‎1.The secretary arranged for___________another view.‎ A.there to be B.there was C.there being D.there been 解析　there be的非谓语形式前如有介词for，则用其there to be形式。‎ ‎2.—We didn’t find the Blacks____________the lecture.‎ ‎—No one had told them about__________a lecture the following day.‎ A.attending；there being B.to attend；there to be C.attended；there be D.attend；there was 解析　空一用attending作宾补，补充说明the Blacks的动作；空二there being为动名词短语作介词about的宾语。‎ 考点四　非谓语动词作定语的区别 ‎1.现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和正在进行。‎ ‎2.及物动词的过去分词作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作的被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成。‎ ‎3.动词不定式作定语多表示在谓语动词后发生的动作，也可以表示一个过去已经完成的主动动作，但此时不定式前常有形容词、分词或序数词。‎ ‎4.动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰名词的用途，其间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。‎ ‎5.单个分词与动名词作前置定语，分词短语与不定式作后置定语。‎ 考题印证 ‎1.The players______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.‎ A.selecting B.to select C.selected D.having selected 解析　selected from the whole country为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the players，the players与select之间是被动关系，故选C。‎ ‎2.His first book________next month is based on a true story. ‎ A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being published 解析　‎ 句意为：他的第一本书下个月就要出版了，这本书是根据一个真实故事写的。由时间状语next month可以得出，这里表示将来的动作，故用动词不定式；book与publish之间又是被动关系，所以用动词不定式的被动形式。‎ ‎3.Recently a survey________prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. ‎ A.compared B.comparing C.compares D.being compared 解析　a survey与compare之间是主动关系，故不能选A、D两项，且此处需要一非谓语动词形式作定语，故只有B项正确。‎ 考点五　非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致的几种情况 ‎1.有些现在分词已转化为介词或连词，其逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。常见的有：regarding，concerning，considering，including，failing，beginning，supposing等。‎ ‎2.有些分词短语已成为固定搭配，其逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。如：judging from，talking of，coming to，taking all things into consideration，according to，generally/frankly/strictly/honestly speaking等。‎ Coming to/Talking of (谈到) politics，he is a layman.‎ ‎3.现在分词作结果状语，其逻辑主语在意思上指前面整个句子，这时现在分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。‎ ‎4.独立不定式也与句子的主语无关，但是要用逗号与句子隔开。如：to be honest，to begin with，to tell you the truth，to make matters worse等。‎ To make matters worse (更糟糕的是)，he locked his keys in the car.‎ 考题印证 ‎1._________，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.‎ A.General speaking B.Speaking general C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally 解析　考查固定短语，generally speaking“一般说来”。‎ ‎2.More highways have been built in China，______it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. ‎ A.making B.made C.to make D.having made 解析　现在分词短语作结果状语，其逻辑主语为前边的整个句子。‎ ‎3.In order to improve English，__________.‎ A.Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes B.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself C.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father 解析　根据非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语相一致的原则，improve的逻辑主语一定是Jenny，故答案为B。‎ 题点与题组 命题点一　with复合宾语和独立主格结构 ‎1.In the reading room，we found her_____at a desk，with her attention________on a book.‎ A.sitting；fixing B.seated；fixed C.sit；fixing D.sitting；fix 解析　第一空用seated作宾补，强调“her”所处的状态；第二空为with复合结构，her attention与fix之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。‎ ‎2.It would be a good idea to use a plastic bottle，__________cut off，as a container to grow young plants in.‎ A.of which the top B.the top is C.the top of which D.with its top 解析　the top与cut off之间为被动关系，故可以排除A、C两项；又由句子的标点符号可知，此处为非谓语，故D项正确。‎ ‎3.Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures，some________ a life span of around 20 years. ‎ A.having B.had C.have D.to have ‎ 解析　句意为：蝙蝠是令人吃惊的长寿动物，有些蝙蝠的生命周期达到大约20年。分析句式结构可知，这是一个简单句，中间用逗号分隔，所以后半句是对前半句的补充说明，some是逻辑主语，其后应跟非谓语动词形式，由于some与have之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式，构成独立主格结构。‎ ‎4.With no central government，the island was ruled by kings,____a different region of the country.‎ A.each controlling B.each controlled C.each to control D.each was controlling 解析　分析结构可知，空白处为非谓语动词；each与control之间为主谓关系，故用“代词＋doing”构成独立主格结构。‎ ‎5.Mr. Smith has two sons，one of _________working as a bus driver.‎ A.them B.who C.whom D.whose 解析　本题易错选C，理解为非限制性定语从句，若选C项，则需要把working改为works或is working，此处为“代词＋doing”构成的独立主格结构。‎ 命题点二　非谓语动词作定语 ‎1.The problems__________at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve.‎ A.discussed B.to discuss C.to be discussed D.discussing 解析　考查动词不定式短语作定语。the problems与discuss是被动关系且discuss还没有发生，故用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎2.With the world changing fast，we have something new_______with all by ourselves every day.‎ A.deal B.dealt C.to deal D.dealing 解析　动词不定式作定语修饰something，且逻辑主语就是句子的主语we，故用不定式的主动式，尽管deal with和something之间是动宾关系。‎ ‎3.The next thing he saw was smoke_______from behind the house.‎ A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen 解析　smoke与rise之间是主动关系，且和saw是同时进行的动作，故用现在分词短语作定语。‎ ‎4.The ability___an idea is as important as the idea itself. ‎ A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed 解析　句意为：表达观点的能力和观点本身同等重要。to express an idea为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the ability。‎ ‎5.Tsinghua University，_____in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures. ‎ A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded 解析　Tsinghua University与found之间是被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。‎ 高考考纲词汇记忆 重点单词 restaurant [ˈrestərɔnt; (US) ˈrestərənt] n. 饭馆, 饭店 ‎ restrict [rɪˈstrɪkt] v. 限制 ‎ restriction [rɪˈstrɪkʃ(ə)n] n. 限制，约束 ‎ result [rɪˈzʌlt] n. 结果，效果 ‎ retell [riːˈtel] vt. 重讲，重复，复述 ‎ retire [rɪˈtaɪə(r)] v. 退休 ‎ return [rɪˈtɜːn] v. 归还 reuse [riːˈjuːz] vt. 重新使用；循环使用 ‎ review [rɪˈvjuː] vt. 重新调查； 回顾； 复习 n. 复查；复习；评论 ‎ reviewer [rɪˈvjuːə(r)] n. 评论者；书评家 ‎ revision [rɪˈvɪʒ(ə)n] n. 复习，温习 ‎ revolution [revəˈluːʃ(ə)n] n. 革命，变革 ‎ reward [rɪˈwɔːd] n. 奖赏 ‎ rewind [riːˈwaɪnd] v. 回转（磁带等） ‎ rewrite [riːˈraɪt] vt. 重写 ‎ rhyme [raɪm] n./ v. 押韵 ‎ rice [raɪs] n. 稻米；米饭 ‎ rich [rɪtʃ] a. 富裕的，有钱的 ‎ rid (rid, rid / ridded, ridded) [rɪd] vt. 使摆脱 ‎ riddle [ˈrɪd(ə)l] n. 谜(语) ‎ ridiculous [rɪˈdɪkjʊləs] a. 荒谬的，愚蠢的 ride (rode, ridden) [raɪd] v. 骑（马、自行车）；乘车 n. 乘车旅行 ‎ right [raɪt] n.权利 a.对,正确的 ad. 正确地,恰恰,完全地 a. 右,右边的 ‎ right-handed [raɪt-hænd] a. 惯用右手的 ‎ right-wing [raɪt-wɪŋ] n. 右翼 ‎ ring (rang, rung) [rɪŋ] v. （钟、铃等）响；打电话 n. 电话，铃声 n. 环形物（如环、圈、戒指等） ‎ ring-road [rɪŋ-rəʊd] n. 环形公路 ‎ rigid [ˈrɪdʒɪd] a. 死板的,僵硬的,固执的 ‎ ripe [raɪp] a. 成熟的，熟的 ‎ ripen [ˈraɪpən] v. 成熟 ‎ rise (rose, risen) [raɪz] vi. 上升，上涨 ‎ risk [rɪsk] n./ v. 危险，风险，冒险 river [ˈrɪvə(r)] n. 江；河；水道；巨流 ‎ road [rəʊd] n. 路，道路 ‎ 重点短语 put sb in prison/ send sb to prison 把sb投入监狱 go to prison 去坐牢 private property 私人财产 private life 私生活 in private 私底下 have a problem with sth sth有问题 proceed to do/ with sth 继续做sth proceed to sp 前进到sp in the process of doing 在做sth的过程中 turn/ go professional 转向职业的 make/ earn a profit 获得利益 make (great) progress (in doing) 做sth取得进步 in progress 在进步中 promise to do 许诺去做sth promise sb that 许诺sb promise sb sth= promise sth to sb 向sb许诺sth make/ keep/ break a promise 作出许诺/遵守/不守诺言 promote sb to sp 把sb提升到sp There is no proof that 没有证据说明 propose doing 建议做sth prospect of doing 做sth的希望 job/career prospect 工作前景 protect…from… 保护sb免受伤害 be proud to do/ of 骄傲 prove sb/ sth +adj 证明 sb/sth+adj;prove sth to sb 向sb证明sth provide sth for sb= provide sb with sth 为sb提供sth provide for sb/sth;供应/养活