【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题模拟试题10篇训练之三十六（10页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题模拟试题10篇训练之三十六（10页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题模拟试题10篇训练之三十六 ‎[一]‎ Beautiful Jiangxi, Showing Her Charm to the World Have you ever imagined how beautiful Jiangxi is? She has 166,900 square kilometers of land, of which 63.1% __1__ (cover) by forests. She has five national nature reserves, 46 national forest parks, four World Heritage Sites and four World Geological Parks, __2__ nurtures every precious species for the earth. Over 2,400 rivers gather together __3__ (form) the Poyang Lake, the __4__ (large) fresh water lake in China and an important wetland in the world. About 98% of the world's white cranes inhabit in this paradise of birds. Wuyuan, just __5__ the landscape in Chinese painting, is known as one of the most beautiful __6__ (village) in the world. I don't think there is any place more beautiful than Wuyuan in the world. If there is, it must be next year's Wuyuan.‎ Have you ever imagined __7__ glory Jiangxi has? The Chinese People's Liberation Army, a __8__ (power) force in maintaining regional stability and world peace, was founded here 90 years ago. This land of high mountains and dense forests __9__ (be) the cradle of Chinese revolution. And it has built a new spiritual dimension __10__ enriches the 5,000yearold civilization of China.‎ ‎1．is covered　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。 此处为客观事实，用一般现在时；先行词为land，定语从句的主语of which 63.1% 与cover之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；“分数/百分数＋名词”作主语时谓语动词取决于名词，故填is covered。‎ ‎2．and　考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，She是主语，has与nurtures为并列谓语，前后为顺承关系，故应用and。‎ ‎3．to form　考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。 ‎ ‎4．largest　考查形容词比较等级。根据常识可知鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖，故此处应用最高级形式。‎ ‎5．like　考查介词。婺源就像中国绘画作品中的风景画，作为世界上最美丽的村庄之一而闻名。like“像”。‎ ‎6．villages　考查名词的单复数。village为可数名词，one of后跟可数名词的复数，故填villages。‎ ‎7．what　考查名词性从句。句意：你能想象江西有哪些荣誉吗？空处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，故填what。‎ ‎8．powerful　考查形容词。修饰名词force应用形容词形式。‎ ‎9．is　考查主谓一致。句意：这片拥有高山和茂密森林的土地是中国革命的摇篮。根据主语land可知此处填is。‎ ‎10．that/which　考查定语从句。先行词为dimension ‎，关系词在限制性定语从句中作主语，故用that/which。‎ ‎　　　　　[二]‎ Some of the most interesting words in English are the actual names of the people first involved in the activities that __1__ (convey) by the meanings of the words. The word boycott, for instance, __2__ (come) from the case of Sir Charles Boytt (1832－1897), a land agent in Ireland, __3__ was ostracized (孤立) by his tenants because he refused to lower the rents. Vidkun Quisling's name __4__ (quick) became a bad __5__ (add) to the English language during World War Ⅱ. He was a Norwegian politician who betrayed his country to the Nazis, and his name, Quisling, now refers to “traitor” (叛徒). Perhaps a commoner name example, at least __6__ young people around the world, is Levi's. These popular blue jeans are named after Levi Strauss, the man who first __7__ (make)them in San Francisco in 1850. Perhaps __8__ most common of all is the sandwich, named for the Fourth Earl of Sandwich (1718－1792), who created this quick portable meal so that __9__ would not have to leave the gambling table __10__ (eat). Other words in this unique category include lynch, watt, davenport, and zeppelin.‎ 语篇解读：英语中一些有趣的单词来源于相关人员的实际姓名。‎ ‎1．are conveyed　考查动词的时态和语态。此处先行词为复数名词activities, activities和convey之间是被动关系，根据句意可知应用一般现在时的被动语态，故答案为are conveyed。‎ ‎2．comes　考查主谓一致。 句子主语是单数第三人称The word boycott，故答案为comes。‎ ‎3．who　考查定语从句的引导词。此处Sir Charles Boytt是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，故答案为who。‎ ‎4．quickly　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式，故答案为quickly。‎ ‎5．addition　考查名词。空前有a bad，空处应为名词形式，故答案为addition。‎ ‎6．among/for　考查介词。此处表示至少在世界各地的年轻人中，故空处应填among/for。‎ ‎7．made　考查动词的时态。根据“in ‎1850”‎可知句子用一般过去时，故答案为made。‎ ‎8．the　考查冠词。根据“of all”可知此处表示最高级，故答案为the。‎ ‎9．he　考查代词。 此处为so that引导的目的状语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用he指前文提到的the Fourth Earl of Sandwich。‎ ‎10．to eat　考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式形式to eat。‎ ‎　　　[三]‎ In many places like Britain and Italy, if you leave the house without your wallet, you'll be in a tough situation all day. But in China, you can enjoy your day just __1__ a smart phone.‎ The other day, I set out __2__ (see) how far a phone would get me in the country's capital. Admittedly, I was surprised to discover how __3__ (convenience) it was.‎ I used my phone to call a taxi to meet my Chinese friend, Gu Yu, __4__ would guide me to get ‎ around Beijing. We paid for breakfast by __5__ (scan) a QR code on the window of a restaurant selling jianbing, one of China's most popular street breakfasts. My purchase cost 6 yuan and __6__ (take) just a few seconds. At a nearby coffee shop, __7__ (it) owner scanned a QR code on my phone. As we sipped our coffee, Gu Yu paid her household water bill. She used the same simple process to pay other bills and even her rent. We also paid by phone for movie tickets, takeout food, shopping and for __8__ (deliver)．‎ I have known from Gu Yu that from tiny street stands to large chains, __9__ huge number of people accept mobile payment, __10__ (most) through popular apps Alipay and WeChat.‎ 语篇解读：作者讲述了自己在中国和朋友一起用手机进行移动支付的经历，包括打车、吃饭、交各种费用、买票、购物等，不需要带钱包，只要带一部手机，就可以很愉快地度过一天。‎ ‎1．with　考查介词。空处所在句的主干部分是完整的，________ a smart phone作状语，意思是“用一部智能手机”，所以填with，表示“用”。‎ ‎2．to see　考查非谓语动词。set out to do“打算/计划做”为固定用法。‎ ‎3．convenient　考查形容词。此处为how引导的宾语从句，空处在从句中作系动词was的表语，且前面有how修饰，故要用形容词。‎ ‎4．who　考查定语从句。从结构上看，空处是关系代词，引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“my Chinese friend, Gu Yu”，指人，并且在从句中作主语，所以要用who。‎ ‎5．scanning　考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词by可知，空处作介词的宾语，因此要用动名词scanning。‎ ‎6．took　考查动词的时态。根据句子的主语My purchase及谓语动词cost可知，and连接的并列谓语应用一般过去式，所以填took。‎ ‎7．its　考查代词。根据空前的地点状语“At a nearby coffee shop”可知，句子的主语是这家咖啡店的老板，因此要用形容词性物主代词its来作owner的定语。‎ ‎8．delivery　考查名词。根据空前的介词for可知，空处作介词的宾语，for delivery“送货”为常用搭配，所以填delivery。‎ ‎9．a　考查固定短语。a huge number of是固定短语，意思是“许多”，修饰可数名词复数。‎ ‎10．mostly　考查副词。空处作状语，修饰介词短语through popular apps Alipay and WeChat，所以要用mostly，意思是“主要地，通常，多半”。‎ ‎　　　　[四]‎ In 1940, four teenage boys and their dog were walking through woodland to Lascaux, when their dog suddenly disappeared. The boys searched all around. They came to a cave and looked into the cave __1__ could see nothing.‎ A few days later, the boys returned to the cave. They could hardly believe __2__ eyes. In the weak lamplight, the boys saw red horses and cows, and black bulls and deer charging across the walls of the cave, which looked so __3__ (frighten) that the boys jumped back in fear. Little did the boys ‎ know that they had made one of the most important __4__ (discovery) of that century.‎ The Famous‎ Lascaux ‎Caves consist of a large hole and __5__ series of connecting caves, with a natural water system. The paintings there were an especially important find because they are so numerous and so well preserved. After a few years, the caves were opened __6__ a tourist attraction, and 1,200 people per day came to the site __7__ (admire) the paintings. __8__ (unfortunate), many visitors resulted in the changes in the cave's atmosphere, and green alage (水藻) began to grow around the walls. Since then, the caves __9__ (close) to the public in an effort to conserve the fragile paintings in this precious underground site.‎ Today, the caves have computercontrolled and are inspected daily. Scientists hope that these precautions will prevent any __10__ (far) damage to the paintings.‎ 语篇解读：1940年四个十几岁的小男孩偶然发现了保存完好的拉斯科洞窟壁画。‎ ‎1．but　考查连词。前后两个动作为转折关系，故应用but。‎ ‎2．their　考查代词。根据句子的主语they可知此处应用their。‎ ‎3．frightening　考查形容词。此处作表语表示事物的性质，应用ing形式的形容词。‎ ‎4．discoveries　考查名词的数。one of后跟可数名词的复数形式。‎ ‎5．a　考查冠词。a series of为固定短语，意为“一系列的”。‎ ‎6．as　考查介词。根据句意“几年后，这些岩洞作为观光胜地对外开放”可知，此处应用介词as。‎ ‎7．to admire　考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎8．Unfortunately　考查副词。此处作状语，故应用副词形式；根据句意“许多参观者导致岩洞内大气发生了变化，墙壁上长满了绿色的水藻”可知空处应表示“不幸地”。‎ ‎9．have been closed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语为caves，是复数；根据时间状语since then可知应使用现在完成时；caves是close的承受者，故应使用现在完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎10．further　考查比较级。此处表示进一步的破坏，故应使用比较级。‎ ‎[五]‎ I lost my last debate in the recent National High School Academic Debate & Speech Tournament held in Shanghai. But instead of focusing on my __1__ (fail), I stopped to reflect on my experiences in the past few years __2__ a debater.‎ In general, preparing for new debate topics usually __3__ (include) brainstorming arguments, researching a resolution (解决), and doing debate practice. So if you spot a debating group, you might see us sitting together after school, or even all day at weekends, discussing arguments and researching evidence. You might also notice us arguing __4__ (fierce) anywhere we can.‎ Not only are they supportive, but my debate friends also have similar passions and interests to mine. As we discuss debate topics, my fellow debaters and I can talk about anything, from __5__ best way of rehabilitating (改造) criminals to the negative points of free immigration policies. ‎ However, our discussions are more than just a way __6__ (practice) our debating skills.In my mind, they help us to become calm and consider __7__ (win) and solving real problems as well.‎ To me, the debating community is a great place __8__ people help each other not only because they're interested in a higher cause, but because they care about how people from different __9__ (background) can lead better lives. I'm grateful to each of my debate friends and every single minute we got to spend together. Indeed, my high school life would be incomplete without them. So even though I __10__ (defeat) in my last debate, I'm still thankful for being part of my wonderful debate family.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者虽然在一次辩论赛中失败了，但停下来反思过去几年作为一名辩手的经历，作者依然觉得获益匪浅。‎ ‎1．failure　考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，此处应用名词，故填fail的名词形式failure。‎ ‎2．as　考查介词。句意：但我并没有把注意力集中到自己的失败上，而是停下来反思自己过去几年作为一名辩手的经历。根据句意可知此处用介词as，表示“作为”。‎ ‎3．includes　考查主谓一致。本句中主语为preparing for new debate topics，是动名词短语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎4．fiercely　考查副词。你也有可能注意到在任何我们能辩论的地方我们都在激烈地论证。空处修饰arguing，应用副词。‎ ‎5．the　考查冠词。形容词的最高级前要用定冠词the，故此处应填the。‎ ‎6．to practice　考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我们的讨论不仅仅是练习我们辩论技巧的一种方法。此处to do形式作定语。‎ ‎7．winning　考查非谓语动词。在“我”看来，它们有助于我们变得镇静，也帮助我们考虑赢得辩论比赛和解决真正的问题。动词consider“考虑”后跟动词ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎8．where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，先行词为place，故用where。‎ ‎9．backgrounds　考查名词单复数。因为他们关心的是来自不同背景的人如何能过上更好的生活。background作“出身，个人背景”讲时为可数名词，空前有different修饰，故此处应用其复数形式。‎ ‎10．was defeated　考查时态和语态。因此，尽管在上次的辩论中我被击败了，但我仍然感谢自己是非常棒的辩论家族的一员。根据句意可知此处用被动语态，且此处描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎　　　　[六]‎ Seborga (塞波加) is a small village that declared itself independent in the 1960s, claiming it was never __1__ (proper) incorporated (合并) into Italy. __2__ (it) founders, argued that the deal was ‎ not really registered. They claimed that it could therefore not __3__ (consider) part of the nation.‎ The principality's (公国) founder was a flowergrower __4__ (call) Giorgio Carbone, who ruled until his death in 2009. Its independence is not recognised outside __5__ village but Mr. Dezzani, a campaigner (竞选者) for the throne, says it is important that they themselves believe __6__ it, describing it as “a state of mind”. ‎ This unusual story, __7__ was the subject of a televised documentary, has attracted tourism to the region. Its current ruler, Marcello Ⅰ， appears publicly __8__ (wear) a suit but Mr. Dezzani wants to introduce ceremonial uniform.‎ Mr. Dezzani added: “Without being too pretentious or __9__ (show) about it, I think we can promote the __10__ (value) of peace, tolerance and openness.”‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了一个于20世纪60年代宣布独立的小村子塞波加。这个公国的统治者卡伯恩直到2009年才去世，现在的统治者是马塞洛一世。‎ ‎1．properly　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。‎ ‎2．Its　考查代词。此处作定语，修饰founders，故应用形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎3．be considered　考查被动语态。it是consider的承受者，故应使用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”，故应填be considered。‎ ‎4．called　考查非谓语动词。flowergrower与call之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。‎ ‎5．the　考查冠词。此处特指塞波加，因此用定冠词the。 ‎ ‎6．in　考查介词。believe in是固定搭配，意为“信任”。‎ ‎7．which　考查定语从句。先行词为story，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故应使用关系代词which。‎ ‎8．wearing　考查非谓语动词。Marcello Ⅰ与wear之间为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作方式状语。‎ ‎9．showy　考查形容词。此处与pretentious并列作表语，故应使用形容词。be showy about“对……炫耀”。‎ ‎10．values　考查名词的复数形式。此处表示价值观，常用复数形式。‎ ‎　[七]‎ The Water Splashing (泼洒) Festival of the Dai ethnic minority (少数民族) falls on April 13th to April 15th. It is the most important festival __1__ (observe) by the Dai people of Xishuangbanna‎, ‎Yunnan Province. It is the New Year for the Dai, a festival to send off the old and greet the new.‎ During the festival, __2__ lasts three days, people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety of rich and colourful __3__ (activity). Dragon boat racing, fireworks displays and other performances such as Peacock Dance __4__ (hold) on the first day. And the most popular event __5__ (be) watersplashing on the second day. People splash water on each other, hoping to ‎ take away sicknesses and disasters. The wetter you get, the __6__ (lucky) you will be. The last day is usually for the young people to play games as a way __7__ (express) their love for each other.‎ The Water Splashing Festival __8__ (vivid) exhibits the Dai's respect for water and the culture of music, dance, food, and costumes. It is also a cultural bridge __9__ Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share __10__ same festival culture of watersplashing.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了傣族泼水节的相关情况，包括时间、活动内容和意义等。‎ ‎1．observed　考查过去分词。这是云南省西双版纳的傣族人所奉行的最重要的节日。根据该句中的“by the Dai people”可知，动词observe和名词festival之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。‎ ‎2．which　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为“the festival”，故用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎3．activities　考查名词复数。activity“(群体性的)活动”常用复数，根据该句中的“a variety of”可知，此处表示“多种多样的活动”，故用其复数形式。‎ ‎4．are held　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由上下文可知，此处用一般现在时；该句主语为“Dragon boat racing, fireworks displays and other performances such as Peacock Dance”，故谓语动词用复数形式；主语和动词hold之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；故填are held。‎ ‎5．is　考查主谓一致和时态。该句主语为“the most popular event”，为单数，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是传统习惯，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎6．luckier　考查形容词的比较级。根据句子结构和该句中的“The wetter”可知，该句使用了“the more ...the more ...”结构，表示“越……就越……”。故填luckier。‎ ‎7．to express　考查动词不定式。最后一天的活动通常是年轻人玩游戏来表达他们对彼此的爱。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎8．vividly　考查副词。泼水节生动地展示了傣族人对水和音乐、舞蹈、食物以及服饰文化的尊重。根据空后的“exhibits”可知，空处修饰该动词，故用vivid的副词形式。‎ ‎9．between　考查介词。泼水节也是西双版纳和东南亚国家之间的文化桥梁，他们共享相同的泼水节日文化。此处表示两者之间，between ...and ...为固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。‎ ‎10．the　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表特指，故填the。‎ ‎　　　　　[八]‎ Rajesh Naik __1__ (transform) 120 acres of waste land into an organic farm, providing an __2__ (inspire) example of the efforts to create a large lake.‎ ‎“I come from a family of agriculturalists and this land is my ancestral land, __3__ hard rock structures make it difficult to hold water. People thought it was impossible to farm this land and ‎ __4__ I was throwing away my career. However, I was determined to work on developing the water resources in the area，” says Rajesh.‎ It took a lot of financial resources and time __5__ (create) the lake, which is enough to irrigate (灌溉) the whole farm. This has not only encouraged plant __6__ (grow) in the area, but also helped in increasing the water table (地下水位) in the surrounding areas __7__ the farm. Besides growing fruit and vegetables, Rajesh has also started a dairy farm that has __8__ (many) than 200 cows. ‎ ‎“If this model __9__ (carry) out in every part of the country, the whole country will be able to solve its water problems and have agriculture __10__ (total) based on organic farming. What is important is the will of the people and the support from the government，” says Rajesh.‎ 语篇解读：Rajesh Naik放弃了自己的事业，投入了很多时间和金钱挖了一个湖，满足了灌溉需要，把‎120英亩的荒地变成了有机农场。‎ ‎1．has transformed　考查动词的时态。transform动作发生在过去，并对现在造成了影响，因此应用现在完成时。‎ ‎2．inspiring　考查形容词。空处作定语，修饰example，故应填inspiring。‎ ‎3．whose/where　考查定语从句。先行词为land，关系词在定语从句中作定语或地点状语，因此应填whose或where。‎ ‎4．that　考查名词性从句。此处为两个并列的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句句子结构完整，故填that，且不能省略。 ‎ ‎5．to create　考查非谓语动词。it takes sth. to do sth.“花费某物做某事”。‎ ‎6．growth　考查名词。此处作encouraged的宾语，故应使用名词形式。‎ ‎7．of　考查介词。the surrounding areas与the farm存在所属关系，故应用介词of。 ‎ ‎8．more　考查固定短语。more than“超过”。‎ ‎9．is carried　考查动词的时态和语态。根据主句使用一般将来时可知if引导的条件状语从句应使用一般现在时，this model是carry out的承受者，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎10．totally　考查副词。修饰过去分词based应用副词形式。‎ ‎[九]‎ According to a recent survey, violence does exist in schools. Students show their fear; parents and teachers also __1__ (express) their great concern about it. Experts hope __2__ whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents.‎ Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, which __3__ (call) for our great concern. We should make every effort __4__ (prevent) school violence happening, for more and more students would drop out if their personal __5__ (safe) could not be guaranteed. In fact, violence can be learned. __6__ (actual), children learn violent behavior from adults or from __7__ they see on television or on the Internet.‎ If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence with violence, for it will result in a bit ‎ __8__ (much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and protect me __9__ bad guys.‎ All in all, we students should behave __10__ (we) and keep away from violence.‎ 语篇解读：文章讲述了校园暴力现象以及作者对此所持的态度和提出的解决措施。‎ ‎1．express　考查动词时态。此处讲述一种事实，与上下文时态一致需用一般现在时，故填express。‎ ‎2．the　考查冠词。此处特指整个社会，用定冠词the。‎ ‎3．calls　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句中which指代a phenomenon，是单数形式，谓语动词也应用单数，故填calls。‎ ‎4．to prevent　考查非谓语动词。此处指我们应该尽一切努力来阻止校园暴力的发生，动词不定式表目的，故填to prevent。‎ ‎5．safety　考查名词。由空前的their personal可知此处应填名词，指他们的个人安全，故填safety。‎ ‎6．Actually　考查副词。此处单独作状语，表示“事实上，实际上”，用副词形式。故填Actually。‎ ‎7．what　考查名词性从句。此处指他们从电视或网络上看到的东西，作动词see的宾语，故填what。‎ ‎8．more　考查比较级。此处由a bit修饰比较级表示程度，指以暴制暴会导致更多的打斗，表示“更多的”有比较的意味。故填more。‎ ‎9．from　考查介词。protect sb. from ...“保护某人免受……”。‎ ‎10．ourselves　考查反身代词。根据主语we可知宾语用反身代词，指我们学生应该使自己的举止规范，故填ourselves。‎ ‎[十]　‎ People release balloons for special occasions like memorial services and grand openings. It is fun and exciting. But it really causes great destruction to the environment and threatens the __1__ (life) of our wildlife.‎ When a balloon __2__ (fly) into the sky, it doesn't end up __3__ (stay) there. It eventually bursts and returns to the earth as ugly litter. Balloons can even travel thousands of miles and pollute the most remote and pure places. More __4__ (sad), they can present a threat to many animals. Birds, whales, turtles and other animals often mistake balloons __5__ food, which can do damage to them because balloons contain __6__ (harm) chemicals. Balloons even kill animals. When an animal swallows a balloon, it can block its intestinal tract (肠道) resulting in starvation.‎ Part of the reason why releasing balloons __7__ (permit) in so many places is that some balloons do break down eventually. However, it takes about four years __8__ (break) down ‎ completely.‎ Watching hundreds of balloons slowly going up into the sky might give you a fivesecond thrill, __9__ is it worth a bunch of dead animals and so many places full of rubbish? Absolutely not. __10__ we should do is to get creative and come up with alternative ways to celebrate.‎ 语篇解读：在纪念仪式和盛大的开幕式等特殊场合，人们会放飞气球，虽然看起来这是一件有趣的事，但会对环境造成很大的破坏，甚至威胁野生动物的生命安全。‎ ‎1．lives　考查名词的数。life为可数名词，此处指野生动物的生命，因此用复数形式。‎ ‎2．flies　考查主谓一致。句子的主语为a balloon，谓语动词应用单数形式，且根据后面的doesn't可知，用一般现在时态。‎ ‎3．staying　考查非谓语动词。end up doing sth.“以做某事结束”。‎ ‎4．sadly　考查副词。此处作状语，故用副词形式。‎ ‎5．for　考查介词。mistake ... for ...“把……误认为……”。‎ ‎6．harmful　考查形容词。修饰名词chemicals应用形容词形式。 ‎ ‎7．is permitted　考查时态、语态与主谓一致。动名词短语releasing balloons作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，且releasing balloons与permit之间为被动关系，故用被动语态，又根据全文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时。‎ ‎8．to break　考查非谓语动词。it takes some time to do sth.“花费多少时间做某事”。‎ ‎9．but　考查连词。前后句为转折关系，故用but。‎ ‎10．What　考查名词性从句。主语从句中do后缺少宾语，指所做的事情，故填What。‎