【英语】2018届人教版必修一一轮复习：Unit3Traveljournal单元学案（13页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修一一轮复习：Unit3Traveljournal单元学案（13页）

Unit3 Travel journal单元学案 Items Main Language Points （21′）‎ Words 1. transport. n.交通工具；2.prefer v.更喜欢，偏爱；3.persuade v.说服；4.insist v.坚持，主张；5.since prep.&adv.&conj.；6.schedule n.表；7.表“终于，最终”；8.once adj.&conj.；9.familiar adj.熟悉的；10.proper adj.适合的，恰当的；11.determine v.决定；12.bend v.弯 Phrases ‎1对...感兴趣；2.care about；3.change one’s mind to do；4..give in；5.put up；6.at the altitude of...‎ Structure ‎1.强调句型；2.将来时表达法；3.从句的省略 Preview ‎1.transport；2.prefer；3.persuade；4.对...感兴趣；5.insist；6.since；7.schedule；8.表“终于，最后”；9.once；10.强调句型；11.familiar；12.proper；13.care about；14.determine；15.change one’s mind to do；16.give in；17.bend；18.put up；19.at the altitude of... ；20.将来时表达法；21.从句的省略 ‎ ‎1.transport n.=transportation交通工具 Each person present at the meeting should have his own transport/transportation.‎ 每个出席会议的人都应该有自己的交通工具。‎ means of transport 交通方式 n.traffic 交通 Traffic is blocked. 交通堵塞。‎ vt.运送、运输（用交通工具）=deliver sth from A to B They transported the goods from the farm to the market takes only half an hour.‎ 他们运送货物从农场到市场仅需半小时。‎ 2. prefer ‎ v. prefer sth喜欢某事/物 prefer doing sth更喜欢做某事 prefer to do sth（表示特定场合下）更喜欢做某事 ‎ prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做某事 prefer A to B 宁愿A …而不愿B… prefer doing A to doing B 宁愿…而不愿…… prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B prefer that cl. 喜欢做某事 n. preference (n.)+for 喜爱，偏爱；优先权 show/have a preference for sth 偏爱...‎ show/give preference to 给...优惠 have a preference of sth to/over another 喜欢这个胜过那个 by/for preference 出于喜爱 in preference to 优先于；而不是(=rather than)‎ 3. persuade v.说服（成功）‎ persuade sb to do sth 说服某人去做某事 persuade sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 try to do 想说服但未必成功 n.persuasion 说服；信仰 P·S! advise与persuade。‎ advise 强调“劝告，建议”的动作，不注重结果；而persuade强调“已经说服”，重在结果。用法上advise可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，也可以接that-clause (that sb. should do)，而persuade则不能。‎ He advised that we (should) leave early. 他建议我们早点出发。（至于我们出不出发是我们的事）‎ I persuaded him to give up smoking. 我说服他把烟戒了。‎ 4. 对...感兴趣： be into sth ‎ be keen on ‎ be interested in...‎ ‎5.insist v.‎ You can come back later, if you insist. 如果你一定要坚持，就稍后再来吧。‎ insist on/upon sth./(sb’s) doing sth. 坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事 I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然坚持我的观点。‎ Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。‎ insist that ....(should) 坚持…… I insist that he apologize to me. 我坚持要他向我道歉。‎ 表示要求的还有：ask,request,demand,require.‎ P·S !‎ insist当“坚决要求”、“坚持主张”解时，后面的从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语部分用“should+动词原形”或直 接用动词原形；insist当“坚持（认为；说）”解时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。‎ 6. since ‎①用作介词，意思是“自从...以来，自从”，常与完成时连用。‎ I haven’t written home since Christmas. 自圣诞节以来，我未曾写信回家。‎ ‎②用作副词，意思是“从那时以后（一直到现在），其后（到现在之间）”，ever since是“从那以后一直”的意思（更加强调since的用法）。‎ Things haven’t change very much since. 从那时起，情况并没有太大的改变。‎ His first book was a great success and he has been famous as a writer ever since.‎ 他的第一本书非常畅销，从那时起他就成了一位名作家。‎ ‎③用作连词。‎ ‎1〉引导原因状语从句，相当于now that，意思是“因为...，既然...，鉴于...”。‎ Since the rain has stopped,let’s go for a walk. 既然雨停了，我们出去散散步吧。‎ Since you’re young,you shouldn’t waste time. 既然你很年轻，就别浪费时间了。‎ 注意：since表示原因时，与as/for/because之间的强弱关系。‎ ‎2〉引导时间状语从句。‎ 若since引导的状语从句的谓语v.是终止性v.(come /go/leave/start/begin...)的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从该动作开始的那一时刻起”。‎ He has to study very hard since he came to our school. 自从我们来到学校，他学习就非常努力。‎ Great changes have taken place in our school since you left. 自从你离开这里，我们学校发生很大变化。‎ 若since引导的状语从句的谓语v.是持续性v.或表示状态的静态v.(live/stay/study/learn/smoke/be...)的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从该动作或状态的完成或结束时算起”。‎ I haven’t eat snacks since I was a student at school. 自从毕业以后，我就一直没吃零食。‎ 比较：‎ He has written to me frequently since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他经常给我写信。(was为状态v.)‎ He has written to me frequently since I fell ill. 自从我生病以来，他经常给我写信。(fell为终止性v.)‎ 若since引导的状语从句的谓语v.是持续性v.或静态v.的现在完成时，则表示动作或状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应“从动作发生之时算起”。‎ He has written to me frequently since I have been ill.‎ 这里，have been ill 表示状态的持续性，时间的起点应从“开始生病”时算起，因此这句话的意思是：自从我生病以来，他经常给我写信。‎ 比较：‎ I’ve written her 20 letters since I have been here. 自从我来这，我已经给他写了20封信了。(从开始算起)‎ I’ve written her 20 letters since I was here. 自从我离开这，我已经给他写了20封信。(从结束算起)‎ ‎④句型：It is/has been +一段时间+since表示“从...起已有多长时间了”。二者区别在于前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。‎ since从句常用是一般过去时，若从句中是持续性v.的一般过去时，则表示“该动作结束了有多长时间了。”如：It is three years since I smoked. 我不吸烟已有三年了。‎ 比较：It is three years since he began to smoke.‎ It is three years since he has smoked.‎ 两个句意都是：他吸烟已有三年了。‎ 注意：在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝不能用否定式的谓语v.来表示否定意义。‎ 试比较：他好久没学习汉语了。‎ It is a long time since he didn’t study Chinese. (误)‎ It is a long time since he studied Chinese. (正)‎ 句子中的studied为持续性动词，应从其动作结束时算起。‎ ‎7.schedule n.时间表，日程安排、进度表，节目表，明细表等 according to schedule 按照预定计划 ahead of schedule 提前...多久 behind schedule 落后...，晚了...‎ on schedule 准时、正点、按时（按照已定的行程）≠on time单纯指准时 on the schedule 日程安排 What’s on the schedule today? 今天有什么日程安排啊？‎ 注：on the schedule中的the可换成任一物主代词(my/your/their...)。如：‎ What’s on your schedule today? 你今天有什么日程安排？‎ in the schedule 在...（时间、明细...）表 described in the schedule 保险单明细表中列明的 v.schedule 排定，安排；将…列表；为…作目录 schedule sth as sth 列入，收进 The substance has been scheduled as a poison. 这种物质已被列入为毒药。‎ be scheduled for 为....而准备做的 The goods are scheduled for transport. 这些货物是供运输的。‎ be scheduled to (prep.) 计划做某事 He's scheduled to go swimming. 他按计划将去游泳。‎ ‎8 .finally表顺序、列举可直接放在动词之前，暗含“终于”之意，但没有at last 语气强。‎ ‎ at last 强调动作发生到结束，语气最强表“终于”。‎ ‎ in the end 表“最后”，但侧重反复的结果。‎ ‎9.once ‎①adv.一次、一旦 ‎②conj.一旦...，一...就…（引导时间状语从句）‎ ‎(=as soon as/the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/instantly) prep. on+doing ‎ at+n.‎ 注：once引导的是时间状语从句，从句要用一般现在时代替将来时。‎ Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules. 一旦你理解了规则，物理就不难学了。‎ 注意：once与as soon as。‎ once强调条件，而as soon as强调时间。‎ Once you see the film, you’d never forget it. 你一旦看了这部电影，你就永远不会忘记它。 As soon as he got off the plane, we wanted to say hello to him. 他一下飞机，我们就想向他打招呼。‎ ‎③由once构成的短语。 at once 立刻、马上 once again 再一次，又一次(=once more） all at once 突 然 (=suddenly) once upon a time 很早以前；从前 once in a while 偶尔、间或 ‎10.强调句型：‎ It is/was+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其余.‎ 举例：Tom lost his key here yesterday. Tom昨天在这把钥匙丢了。‎ ‎ S. V. O. 地点状语 时间状语 S.:It was Tom who lost his key here yesterday.‎ O.:It was his key that Tom lost here yesterday.‎ 状:It was here that Tom lost his key yesterday.‎ 注意：会区分强调句和定语从句。如：‎ It was at noon that he came back.(强)‎ It was noon when he came back. (定)‎ 方法说明：一般来说，如果某一句子去掉It is/was that结构仍成立的话，那么该句子就是强调句。反之为其它类型的句子，至于是什么从句(定语从句、名词性从句，状语从句)再具体分析。‎ 其它问题：‎ ‎①It is I who am your friend. 强调主语时，必须用主格形式。‎ ‎（主谓一致）‎ ‎②I have nothing to confess what is it that you want me to say?‎ 一般疑问句：Is/was+ it +强调部分+that/who+其余？‎ 特殊疑问句：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/was+ it+that+其余？‎ ‎③that后的强调句如果是原因状语从句，从句只能用because引导，不能用since，as或why。‎ It is/was+because+that+其余.‎ It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river. ‎ 正是由于水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。‎ ‎(结果、条件、让步状从或状语都不能用于强调)‎ ‎④not until的强调。‎ He couldn’t speak until he was two years old.‎ ‎→It was not until he was two years old that he could speak.‎ ‎11.familiar adj.熟悉的 sb be familiar with sb/sth 与...亲密/通晓 sth be familiar to sb 某事为某人熟知 ‎12. proper adj.适合的（规矩或习俗） adv.properly 适当地 ‎ suitable adj.合适的（场合、目的）‎ Put the word in its proper place. 话放在适当的地方。‎ The play is not suitable for children. 这个游戏不适合孩子。‎ Nothing is in its proper place. 东西放得乱七八糟。‎ I have nothing suitable to wear in the party. 我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。‎ The suit is suitable for the party. 这套西装很适合聚会。‎ 句型：It is proper (for sb)to do ‎ that cl.‎ Is it proper that parents are responsible for their children? 你的父母对你的孩子负责合适么？‎ It is proper for you to wear the suit in the party. 这套西装很适合你在聚会上穿。‎ ‎13.care (about) 关心，在乎，介意 [否定、疑问，条件句中]‎ care+n./that cl. ‎ I don’t care that whether he knows or not. 我不介意他是否知道还是不知道。‎ care for 偏爱，喜欢；照顾(=take care of)‎ She didn’t much care for her friends. 她不太喜欢她的朋友。‎ She moved back home to care for her elderly parents. 她搬回家住照顾年迈的父母。‎ care to do 愿意，想要做某事 ‎14.determine v.决定、确定；决心做...‎ 决定...上 determine on/upon 决定... determine that/what 使某人决定做（不）某事 determine sb to do determine sb against 决定做某事 be determined to do determine to do P·S ! be determined to do与determine to do。‎ 两者意思基本一致，但前者表示状态，可与某段时间状语连用；后者表示动作，是非延续性的动词短语。类似的短语还有：prepare for/be prepared for；worry about/be worried about；marry /be married等等，这类结构常考查分词作状语的用法。如：‎ ‎______ to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing in a queue for two days.‎ A. Determining B.To be determined C. To determine D. Determined adj.determined 坚决的，有决心的 (=firm) I was determined to make it as a jazz musician. 我决定要成为一名爵士乐音乐家。‎ n.determination 决心 Firm determination moves mountain. 愚公移山。 15.change one’s mind to do 改变主意 ①由mind构成的短语 make up one’s mind to do 下定决心做某事 have a/no mind to do 有/无意做某事 lose one's mind 失去理智 read one's mind 看出某人的心思 speak one's mind 直言不讳 be of the same mind 意见一致 be in/of two minds 拿不定主意 give one's mind to 注意…… keep one's mind on 专心于…… take one's mind off sth. 转移某人的注意 bear/keep sth in mind 记住某事 bring/call sth to mind 回忆某事 put one's mind to sth. 全神贯注于某事 ‎②由mind构成的谚语 Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦。‎ So many men,so many mind. 各抒己见。‎ ‎16.give in ‎①投降，屈服 give in to sb ‎②塌（较低的） The floor gives in here. 地板塌了。‎ The phrases of“give”:‎ give away 把...给...；泄露 give off 发出（烟雾，气体）‎ give out 发出（光、热、声音）；分发(=hand out)‎ give over 停止；放弃 give back 归还，反射；恢复 give rise to 引起，导致 ‎17.bend-bent-bent ‎①vt.使弯曲 bend one’s legs 曲腿 bend one’s attention 专注 bend brows 皱眉 ‎②vi.弯身，弯腰 bend forward/backward 向前/后倾倒 bend over 趴在...上 bend down 弯腰拾起(=pick up）‎ ‎③n.拐角，转弯 at the bend of... ...的拐角 ‎④adj.bent 决心的、弯曲的 注：表示专心于某事的短语小结。‎ be bent on/be buried in/be devoted to/be absorbed in/be addicted to/focus on/concentrate on/throw oneself into...‎ ‎18.put up ‎①举起，竖起，搭起 When it was dark,they put up their tent and were ready to sleep. 当天要黑的时候，他们搭起帐篷准备入睡。‎ ‎②粘 贴 Please put up the picture on the wall. 请把这张图贴在墙上。‎ ‎△ put sb up 给某人提供食宿 If you come here,I’ll put you up. 如果你来这，我给你提供住处。‎ ‎△ put up with 忍受 ‎③提出 (=put forward)‎ The phrases of“put”：‎ put away 收起来 put aside 放在一边，储存 put back 放回去，拨回 put down 放下，镇压 put out 伸出；扑灭 put off 推迟 ‎19.at the altitude/height of... 在海拔...高的地方 ‎ attitude n.态度 ‎△attitude to/towards +sb/sth 对...的态度 What’s your attitude to the plan? 你对这个计划是什么态度？‎ ‎20.将来时表达法：‎ ‎① will：作助v. 和aux.。‎ ‎ shall：一般用于第一人称，表将来要发生的事情。‎ If you will listen to me,I’ll tell you the truth. 如果你听我的话，我就会告诉你真相。‎ What shall we do this evening? 今晚我们该做什么？‎ ‎②be going to 主观上要…、愿意做…，即将可能发生的（一种自然现象）。‎ ‎③be doing 即将做…，但只限于come/go/leave/arrive等。‎ ‎④be to do 表按照计划、安排将做某事，可视为一种义务，但侧重于主观意愿。‎ ‎⑤一般现在时表将来；主要体现在start/return/leave/go/come/arrive等词及在状语从句中。‎ The plan takes off at ten o’clock. 飞机将在10点起飞。‎ The new terms begins on Sep.1st. 这学期9月1号开学。‎ ‎⑥be about to do…when… 即将发生与be going to相近，但它不能与表示将来的时间状语连用。(=be on the point of doing...when...)‎ The play is about to begin in the minutes.(误)‎ ‎△sb had just done ...when... 某人刚做某事这时...了 ‎21.从句的省略 [省S.V.]‎ When (you are) crossing the street,you should be careful. 当你过马路的时候，你该小心点。‎ ‎①从句的谓语v.，必须是be；‎ ‎②主从句的主语要一致，从句的主语可为it。‎