【英语】2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit2　Englisharoundtheworld学案（18页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit2　Englisharoundtheworld学案（18页）

Unit 2　English around the world学案 ‎ 要 点 梳 理 高效梳理·知识备考 ‎●重点单词 ‎1．official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的→office n．办公室→officer n．官员 ‎2．voyage n．航行；航海 ‎3．native adj.本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人 ‎4．actually adv.实际上；事实上 ‎5．base vt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的 ‎6．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 ‎7．identity n．本身；本体；身份→identical adj.相同的，一样的→identify v．确定；认出；鉴定 ‎8．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地，流畅地→fluency n．流利，流畅 ‎9．frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地→frequency n．频率；频度 ‎10．usage n．使用；用法；词语惯用法→useful adj.有用的→use n. & v．使用，利用 ‎11．command n. & vt.命令；指令；掌握→commander n．指挥员，司令员 ‎12．request n．& vt.请求；要求 ‎13．expression n．词语；表示；表达→express v．表达→expressive adj.富于表情的；有表现力的 ‎14．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognizable adj.容易认出的；易于识别的→recognition n．认出；认识；识别 ‎15．accent n．口音；腔调；重音 ‎16．lightning n．闪电 ‎17．straight adv.直接地；挺直地 adj.直的；笔直的；正直的 ‎●重点短语 ‎1．because of　　　　　　　　　由于；因为 ‎2．come up 走近；上来 ‎3．at present 现在；目前 ‎4．make use of 利用 ‎5．such as 例如……；像这种的 ‎6．play a part in 扮演一个角色；参与 ‎7．ever before 从前 ‎8．even if/though 即使 ‎9．be based on 以……为基础 ‎10．over time 长期以来 ‎11．in the early days 在早期 ‎12．the same as 相同于 ‎●重点句型 ‎1．Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的把英语作为第一语言来说，有的把它作为第二语言或外语。‎ ‎2．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互交流。‎ ‎3．Believe it or not,_there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。‎ ‎●高考范文 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Sarah 打算暑期来北京旅游，来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容： ‎ ‎1. 简况：长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺；‎ ‎2. 位置：天安门广场南面； ‎ ‎3. 交通：公共汽车17、69、59等路，地铁2号线；‎ ‎4. 特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。 ‎ 参考词汇：步行街 pedestrian street 当当车 trolley car 地铁 subway ‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Sarah，‎ Thank you for you letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen street. Here is something about it. ‎ ‎ _________________________________________________‎ ‎ _________________________________________________‎ ‎ ________________________________________________‎ ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[范文]‎ Dear Sarah, ‎ Thankyou for your letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen street. Here is something about it. It is more than 800 meters long with a history of over 600 years and 300 shops around it. It lies south of the Tian'anmen Square and its traffic is very convenient. You can take several buses such as No. 17, 69,59, etc. to get there. You can also take No.2 subway. There are many attractions here. ‎ For example, you can walk on the pedestrian street to experience the rich culture of Beijing and buy something you like. You can also take trolley car to go wherever you'd like to. Besides, there are some tea shops and theaters where you can relax yourself after some walk.‎ Looking forward to your coming.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 考 点 探 究 互动探究·能力备考 Ⅰ.词汇短语过关 ‎1．native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天赋的 n. 本地人；出生于某国的人 be native to...　原产于某地 one’s native country/land　本国，祖国 native place　出生地 one’s native language　本国语，本族语，母语 a native of　当地人/产于……的动/植物 ‎[即学即练1]　(1)China is our ____________， and Chinese is our ____________.‎ 中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。‎ ‎(2)The tiger __________________ India.‎ 这种虎产于印度。‎ ‎(3)He is __________________ Beijing.他是北京人。　‎ native country native language is native to a native of ‎2．base vt.以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础 base sth. on/upon sth.以……为基础(或根据)‎ base sb./sth./oneself in以……为据点(或总部等)，‎ 把(总部等)设在 the base of a column/glass/pyramid柱基/玻璃杯底/‎ 金字塔底座 a military/naval base军事/海军基地 ‎[即学即练2]　(1)What are you ______ this theory ______？你这种理论的根据是什么？‎ ‎(2)They decided to ______ the new company ______ New York.他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在纽约。‎ ‎(3)The t0own is an ideal ______ for touring the area.‎ 这个镇子是在这一地区旅游观光的理想地点。‎ basing on base in base ‎3．command n．[C]命令；指令[U]掌握 ‎ vt. & vi.命令；指挥；支配 at one’s command随心所欲地 at/by one’s command奉某人之命 in command of指挥；统帅 under one’s command由……指挥 take command of担任……的指挥 have a good command of很好地掌握 command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 command that...(should) do...命令……‎ ‎[即学即练3]　(1)The army is __________________ ____________.军队由国王直接统率。‎ ‎(2)She ______________________________ the German language.她精通德语。‎ ‎(3)He commanded us ____________ immediately.＝He commanded that we ____________ immediately.‎ 他命令我们马上离开。‎ under the king’s command has a good command of to leave should leave ‎4．request n. & vt. 请求，要求 request sth. of/from sb.向某人请求某物 request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事 request that sb. (should) do sth.请求……‎ It’s requested that...据要求……‎ at one’s request at the request of sb.应某人之请求 be in request有需要，受欢迎 make a request for sth.请求，要求……‎ ‎[即学即练4]　(1) These materials are ____________ ________.急需这些材料。‎ ‎(2)She ________________________ some water.‎ 她请求给点水。‎ ‎(3)May I ______ your attention？请你们注意一下好吗？‎ ‎(4)I request (of him) that he ____________.‎ 我要求他离开。‎ ‎(5)Visitors are requested __________________ the paintings.游客不许动油画。‎ in great request Made a request for request should leave not to touch ‎ ‎5．recognize vt. 辨认出；承认 recognition n．认出，识别 recognizable adj.可认出的 recognized adj.公认的 recognize sb. /sth. by /from...根据……认出某人/事(物)‎ recognize sb./sth. as/to be...承认某人(物)是……‎ It’s recognized that...人们公认……‎ out of/beyond recognition认不出来 ‎[即学即练5]　(1)I ____________ Mary ______ her voice on the ‎ phone.我在电话中根据声音辨认出是玛丽。‎ ‎(2)Lawrence’s novel ______ eventually _____________ ______/______ ______ a work of genius.‎ 劳伦斯的小说最后被认为是天才的作品。‎ ‎(3)________________________ environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems.‎ 人们一致认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。‎ recognized by was recognized as to be It is recognized that ‎6．because of因为，由于 because of是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词。‎ because是连词，后跟从句。‎ ‎[即学即练6]　(1)He was absent not ____________ his illness, but _____________ his father died.‎ 他缺席不是因为他生病，而是因为他父亲去世了。‎ ‎(2)It was __________________ that he had gone abroad.‎ 就是为了她，他才出国的。‎ because of because because of her ‎ ‎(3)He realized that she was crying because of ‎ ________________________.‎ 他意识到她哭是因为他说的那些话的缘故。‎ ‎(4)Because of ________________________， I said nothing about her mistake.‎ 因为她丈夫在场，对她的错误我就没说什么。‎ what he had said her husband’s being there ‎7．come up走近；(植物)长出地面；(太阳)升起；出现；被提及 ‎(1)＝come forward走近；赶上；上来 ‎(2)＝rise; come to a higher place ‎(esp. the sun, the moon)(太阳、月亮)升起 ‎(3)＝be brought up for discussion; be mentioned 被提出讨论，被谈到；引起注意 ‎(4)＝occur/happen(尤指意想不到地)发生 ‎(5)＝present oneself出席，参加，到场 ‎(6)＝appear above the soil; begin to grow 露出地面，发芽 ‎[即学即练7]　写出下列各句中come up的意思。‎ ‎(1)I’ll let you know if anything comes up.____________‎ ‎(2)A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station.________________‎ ‎(3)Your question came up at the meeting.________________‎ ‎(4)The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.___________‎ ‎(5)The young trees have come up._________‎ ‎(6)I came up for an interview but didn’t get the job.________‎ 发生 走近；走上来 被提出讨论 升起 发芽 到场 拓展：come up with想出；提出 come about发生 come across偶遇；偶然发现(＝come upon)‎ come along一道来；一起去；进步；赶快 come back回来；记起 come on(风、雨等)到来；演出；赶快；得了吧 come out出版；出来，出现；结果是 come to苏醒；总计；达到；谈到 ‎8．make use of利用；使用 make full use of充分利用 make the best use of尽量利用 make good use of好好利用，合理利用 make little use of没有很好地利用 ‎[即学即练8]　(1) We should ____________________ every minute to learn well.‎ 我们应该充分利用每一分钟好好学习。‎ ‎(2)Our factory ______________________________ robots.我们工厂正越来越多地使用机器人。‎ make good use of is making increasing use of 拓展：be of great use很有用 go out of use不被使用，废弃 come into use开始被使用 be in use在使用中 bring/put...to use加以使用 ‎【注意】在学习语言的过程中应注意语言的活用以及词的搭配。‎ How much do you know about the use that we have made_of the money？(句子中use做先行词，关系代词that代替use，在定语从句中做make的宾语。)‎ 我们对钱的使用情况你了解多少？‎ ‎9．play a role/part in在……中担任角色；在……中起作用 play an important role/part in在……方面起重要作用 play the role of sb.＝play/act the part of sb.‎ ‎(在剧中)扮演某人的角色 play the leading role起主要(带头)作用 ‎[即学即练9]　(1)Science and technology ____________ __________________ developing agriculture.‎ 科技在发展农业中起重要作用。‎ ‎(2)He will ________________________ the doctor in my latest drama.他将在我最新的戏里出演医生的角色。‎ plays an important role/part in play/act the role/part of ‎【提示】play a role/part in是“动词＋名词＋介词”构成的动词短语，这类短语有两个重要考点：‎ ‎(1)用名词做主语，用于被动句；‎ ‎(2)用名词做先行词，用于定语从句。类似短语有：make use of, pay attention to等。‎ Ⅱ.重点句型详解 ‎1．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所说的英语不尽相同，也可以相互交流。‎ 句中 even if 相当于 even though, 意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。even if/though 引导的从句中可用现在时代替将来时。‎ ‎①Even if you don't like flowers, you shouldn't miss the flower exhibition.即使你不喜欢花，这次花展你也不应错过。‎ ‎②We have decided to visit the museum even if it rains tomorrow.我们决定明天去参观博物馆，即使下雨。‎ 拓展：(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although, though, no matter when/what..., whenever, wherever, however 等等。‎ ‎(2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。‎ ‎①Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited.‎ 即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。‎ ‎②Whatever you do, do it well.‎ 不管你做什么，把它做好。‎ ‎③However hot it is, he won't take off his hat.‎ 不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。‎ ‎④Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness.‎ 尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。‎ ‎[即境活用1]　Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______they knew it to be valuable.‎ A．as if　　　　　　　　　B．now that C．even though D．so that 解析：even though＝even if “即使”，引导让步状语从句。‎ 答案：C ‎ ‎2．Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。‎ ‎(1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入语。‎ ‎(2)no such thing 没有这样的事情。such与 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。‎ ‎①Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer.‎ 信不信由你，他拒绝接受我们的帮助。‎ ‎②There is no such street in the city.‎ 这城市没有那样的街道。‎ ‎③He said he didn't have time or made some such excuse.‎ 他说他没有时间或别的诸如此类的借口。‎ ‎[即境活用2]　I’m amazed to hear from my school teacher again. ______， it is ten years since we met last.‎ A．In a word B．What’s more C．That’s to say D．Believe it or not 解析：句意：想不到又一次收到学校老师的来信，信不信由你，我们上次见面还是在十年前。in a word总之；what’s more而且；that’s to say也就是说；believe it or not信不信由你。‎ 答案：D 易 错 点 拨 自我完善·误区备考 ‎1. recognize/realize/know ‎(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。‎ ‎(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。‎ ‎(3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解。‎ ‎[应用1](1)Only after you lose your health will you ____________ the importance of health.‎ ‎(2)I've ________________ Tom for years.‎ ‎(3)I __________ him as soon as he came into the room.‎ realize known recognized ‎2. such as/for example/that is/and so on ‎(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用 that is或 namely。‎ ‎(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。‎ ‎(3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。‎ ‎(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用．..and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。‎ ‎[应用2]　(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________， Chinese, maths, English and P．E.‎ ‎(2)Overcooking, ____________， destroys many nutrients.‎ ‎(3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German.‎ ‎(4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag.‎ that is for example such as and so on ‎3. with的复合结构 ‎[应用3]　(1)—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.‎ ‎—Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down.‎ A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled 解析：with复合结构中，work和fill是主动关系，且表示正在进行，因此其后要用doing结构。‎ 答案：B ‎(2)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______， he gladly accepted it.‎ A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finished 解析：根据work和finish是被动关系，可以判断出答案。‎ 答案：A ‎(3)______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.‎ A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 解析：根据句意，此处应采用“with＋宾语＋不定式”。‎ 答案：A ‎(4)It was cold outside, the boy ran into the room ______ his nose red.‎ A．to B．on C．in D．with 解析：这个句子考查with的复合结构的用法，用“with＋名词＋形容词”做状语表示伴随情况。而to、on、in作为介词则没有这种用法，故排除A、B、C，答案为D。句意是：外面天气很冷，那个男孩跑进了屋子时，鼻子红红的。‎ 答案：D 高 效 作 业 自我测评·技能备考 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．A lot of students p_______________ at the meeting took part in the discussion.‎ ‎2．The tall tree was struck by l___________ and broke.‎ ‎3．The robber was caught when he was filling his car with p__________ at the filling station.‎ ‎4．Go up in an e_______________ to the fifth floor.‎ ‎5．He looked calm, but a__________ he was very nervous.‎ present lightning petrol elevator actually ‎6．In the word “happy” the _________(重音) is on the first syllable.‎ ‎7．He has a poor _________________(词汇), so he can't express himself correctly.‎ ‎8．The gentlemen disclosed their own __________(身份)．‎ ‎9．Anyone who wants to learn English well must remember the ___________(惯用法) of English.‎ ‎10．Though he is not a ___________(本国的) English speaker, he can speak English very fluently.‎ accent vocabulary identities usage native Ⅱ .单项选择 ‎1．－Do you think it’s a good idea to make friends with your students?‎ ‎－______， I do. I think it’s a great idea.‎ A．Really B．Obviously ‎ C．Actually D．Generally 答案：C 解析：考查副词。really真正地；obviously明显地；actually实际上； generally大体上。actually在句中起加强语气的作用，相当于sure，certainly, of course。‎ ‎2．His uncle made a film ______ his story in his childhood.‎ A．based on B．was based on C．basing on D．to base on 答案：A 解析：based on为过去分词短语，在句中做后置定语修饰a film。‎ ‎3．It could be judged from her eyes ______ she was very satisfied with her performance.‎ A．what B．which C．that D．where 答案：C 解析：考查名词性从句。语意为：她对她的表现很满意，这可以从她的眼睛里判断出来。It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主句。‎ ‎4．The money collected should be made good use ______ the people in Sichuan Province who suffered a lot in the earthquake.‎ A．of helping B．to help C．to helping D．of to help 答案：D 解析：make (good) use of“(好好)利用”，变为被动时态即be made use of；句中to help the people...为不定式做目的状语。‎ ‎5．During the flight to the Moon, Chang’e I Satellite ______ adjusts her direction so that she can go into her programmed orbit and then circle around it at the most appropriate angle(角度)．‎ A．eventually B．gradually C．constantly D．continuously 答案：B 解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意为：在飞往月球的途中，嫦娥一号卫星逐渐调整她的方向以便能进入预定的轨道并以合适的角度绕其运行。A.最终；B.逐渐地；C.不断地；D.继续地。‎ ‎6．I’m Chinese and I do feel ______ Chinese language is ______ most beautiful language. What’s your opinion?‎ A．the; a B．/; the C．the; / D．/; a 答案：A 解析：第一空需填the，指“汉语”；第二空填a, a most beautiful language是泛指，其中most相当于very。‎ ‎7．______ as a serious problem at present, it has drawn a lot of people’s attention.‎ A．Recognize B．Recognized C．Being recognized D．Having recognized 答案：B 解析：be recognized as“被认为是……”；句中recognized为过去分词做状语。‎ ‎8．The army received a command that they ______ to the front immediately.‎ A．would march B．must march C．should march D．were marching 答案：C 解析：command“命令”，其 that从句中用“(should)＋动词原形”。‎ ‎9．The newly－founded chess club formally ______ us to attend the opening ceremony.‎ A．requested B．required C．demanded D．commanded 答案：A 解析：表示正式委婉的请求用 request。‎ ‎10．Films, ______ the one you told me about yesterday or the one that will be on, ______ not worth seeing.‎ A．including; is B．as well as; are C．besides; is D．such as; are 答案：D 解析：such as 用于列举事物。又因为主语为复数，第二空格用 are，故选D。本句译为：像你昨天告诉我的电影，以及即将上映的，都不值得看。‎ ‎11．The part that China ______in the international affairs ______ in the international society.‎ A．plays; is widely praised B．plays; is wide praised C．takes; widely praised D．takes; wide praised 答案：A 解析：第一空考查短语 play a part in; 第二空考查被动语态。‎ ‎12．______， a sleepy driver killed twenty－two students and teachers in a traffic accident in Shanxi Province.‎ A．What's more B．After all C．Believe it or not D．More or less 答案：C 解析：考查固定短语。‎ ‎13．Many students make great progress in listening ______ the large amount of time devoted to it.‎ A．because of B．instead of C．in case of D．in spite of 答案：A 解析：考查介词短语。because of“因为”。‎ ‎14．—Oh, it's you! I ______ you.‎ ‎—I've just had my hair cut, and I'm wearing new glasses.‎ A．didn't recognize B．didn't know C．haven't recognized D．haven't known 答案：A 解析：句中表示“刚刚没有认出某人”用 didn't recognize。‎ ‎15．He won't change his mind ______ you go and try to persuade him yourself.‎ A．since B．until C．as if D．even if 答案：D 解析：考查 even if引导让步状语从句。‎ Ⅲ .阅读理解 ‎ A One of the keys to being successful in what you do is persistence. Once you have determined exactly what you want to achieve, you must take massive action on a constant basis in order to succeed.‎ One of the things you'll notice on your journey towards your goal is roadblocks. That is, you will come across obstacles that seem to jump out of nowhere in an attempt to discourage your progress. Actually, they are a part of life. Everyone would have every success that ever wanted if there were no obstacles. Your job is to be persistent and work through obstacles. If you find little or no obstacles along the way, you are not really challenging yourself. And when you do reach your goal, you won' t experience the feeling of “sweet success”. Make your goal a challenging ‎ one!‎ If you take the time to study a successful person, you will learn that the vast majority of them have had more “failures” than they have had “successes”. This is because successful people are persistent; the more they stumble,_ the more they get right back up and try again. On the other hand, people who don' t get back up and try again never reach success. For example, Walt Disney was turned down 302 times before he got financing for his dream of creating the “Happiest Place on Earth” . Today, due to his persistence, millions of people have shared “the joy of Disney”. Colonel Sanders spent two years driving across the United States looking for restaurants to buy his chicken recipe. He was turned down 1 009 times! How successful is Kentucky Fried Chicken today!‎ Having known these facts, keep in mind that you must constantly reevaluate your circumstances and the approach you are using to reach your goal. There is no sense in being persistent at something that you are doing incorrectly! Sometimes you have to modify your approach along the way. Every time you do something you learn from it, and therefore find a better way to do it the next time.‎ Today is the day to begin your journey, using consistency and persistency, towards tomorrow's successes!‎ ‎1. The author seems to believe that ______.‎ A. challenges we come across are rewarding B. “sweet success” comes along with obstacles C. the more obstacles we have, the better we feel D. we will reach our goal by challenging ourselves 答案及解析：‎ ‎1．B。推理判断题。根据文章第二段的最后三句可知，作者认为：遇到困难挑战自己，才能体验到成 功的甜蜜。 ‎ ‎2. The reason why persistent people are successful is that ______.‎ A. they experience a lot of failures B. they are born to be very stubborn C. they have great ambitions in mind D. they don' t give up in face of failure 答案及解析：‎ ‎2．D。推理判断题。根据第三段，坚持不懈的人最终能取得成功的原因在于他们面临失败的时候，不轻言放弃，而是持之以恒向着目标努力。‎ ‎3. Why did Colonel Sanders spend two years driving across the United States?‎ A. To count the number of the restaurants in America. ‎ B. To taste different foods and find special recipes.‎ C. To find restaurants and sell recipes for fried chicken.‎ D. To open more Kentucky Fried Chicken chain stores.‎ 答案及解析：‎ ‎3．C。细节理解题。第三段的倒数第三句说明Colonel Sander 用两年的时间驱车去寻访美国的餐馆是为了销售炸鸡的配方。‎ ‎4. The word underlined in the third paragraph maybe means “______”．‎ A. withdraw B. achieve C. sprawl D. fall 答案及解析：‎ ‎4．D。猜测词义题。根据前句“ the vast majority of them have had more ‘failures’ than they have had ‘successes’” 可知作者是在讲述成功人士经历了很多的失败或者跌倒。‎ ‎5. What does the author advise us to do in paragraph 4?‎ A. To confirm whether your goal is practical.‎ B. To modify your approach from time to time.‎ C. To change our circumstances constantly.‎ D. To learn from our past mistakes.‎ 答案及解析：‎ ‎5．B。主旨大意题。在第四段作者建议我们要依据环境调整做事的方法。只有方法得当，才能取得理想的效果。‎ B Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey. ‎ ‎ Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects). ‎ Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline (衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed. ‎ ‎ Some studies found more age－related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline. Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, “so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline，” said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England. ‎ People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex－related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e．g. “object usually colored gray”， and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing. The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter are typically dominated by women. ‎ ‎ Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average. And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall. ‎ ‎6. The underlined word in the second paragraph means______.‎ ‎ A. natural B. great ‎ C. obvious D. absolute 答案及解析：‎ ‎6．A。词意猜测题。男女大脑的思维在某些方面的差异是天生固有的。‎ ‎7. According to the passage, which of the following can NOT be typed into the same category?‎ A. Cloud. B. Sheep.‎ C. Trees. D. Goose.‎ 答案及解析：‎ ‎7．C。推理判断题。根据文章第五段可推断出选项中这类物体是以白色为限定范畴的，故选项C为答案。‎ ‎8. Which of the following statements is true according to the article?‎ ‎ A. Men do better than women when it comes to learning English. ‎ ‎ B. Women stand out at remembering people's names. ‎ ‎ C. Men excel at typing as many words in a particular category as possible in the given time. ‎ ‎ D. Women excel at dealing with mathematic problems. ‎ 答案及解析：‎ ‎8．B。推理判断题。男性在推理和空间思维方面占优势，女性在提取大脑中储存的记忆信息方面占优势。故答案为B。‎ ‎9. One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that ______. ‎ ‎ A. the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive decline ‎ ‎ B. people surveyed are all old ‎ ‎ C. people taking part in this test come from all over the world ‎ ‎ D. women live longer than men ‎ 答案及解析：‎ ‎9．A。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知。文章只是说调查涉及老年人，但并不都是老年人，故排除B。选项D不是造成调查结果不准确的原因。‎ ‎10. The author aims to tell us that ______. ‎ ‎ A. women's minds perform better than men's ‎ B. men's minds decline more with age ‎ C. everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older ‎ ‎ D. a survey on human's mind decline was done recently 答案及解析：‎ ‎10．B。主旨理解题。根据文章第一段可知。‎