2020届二轮复习专题五书面表达第三讲如何写出内容课件

2020届二轮复习专题五书面表达第三讲如何写出内容课件

第三讲　如何写出内容 在前面两节的基础上，我们已具备了一定的基础知识，但是许多同学面对一篇作文还是束手无策，学完本节，你将会有豁然开朗的感觉。 如何写概要 读写任务型写作中，开头的 30 词的段落概括是一篇好的书面表达的开始。我们必须从文体入手，分析文章结构，准确把握要点，注意区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等逻辑关系。 在概括文章时，可考虑命题人提供的写作内容，因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。 一、概要的写作步骤 1 . 定要点 —— 确定主题句、扩展句 ( 支撑句 ) 文体 主题句 扩展句 记叙文 故事 / 事件主题 (1 句 ) 故事大意 / 事件过程 (1 ～ 2 句 ) 议论文 文章论点 (1 句 ) 文章论证、论据 (1 ～ 2 句 ) 说明文 说明的现象 (1 句 ) 解释原因或结果 (1 ～ 2 句 ) 图表＋文字 图表或文字现象与主题 (1 句 ) 图表内容及数据分析 (1 ～ 2 句 ) 图画＋文字 图画或文字现象与主题 (1 句 ) 图画内容及分析 (1 ～ 2 句 ) [ 构思方法 ] 　 首先快速浏览 [ 写作内容 ] 中的第 2 点，带着话题阅读短文，然后根据文体划出要点。记叙文理解故事大意，明确主要人物与主要事件，并归纳故事主题与中心思想；议论文论点主题句多在首段，扩展句包括分论点与论据；说明文主题句多在首段，扩展句是对现象的解释、原因分析或产生的结果； “ 图表 / 图画＋文字 ” 的主题句为图表 / 图画或文字现象与主题，扩展句是图表 / 图画的内容与分析。 2. 变句式 —— 转变原文句式，用自己的语言概括。 3 . 连成段 —— 选用恰当逻辑过渡词与句型将主题句与支撑句串连成段。一般先写主题句，再写扩展句，记叙文可以反过来，先写故事大意或事件过程，再写故事或事件主题句。必要时在结尾加上过渡句 ( 导入到下一段 ) 。 可以用同义法、词性转化法、句式结构转换法 ( 主动变被动、谓语与非谓语转换、句式类型变换等 ) 、概括提炼压缩法 ( 用单词或短语概括长句子或一段内容 ) 等将原文内容要点转换成自己的语言。 二、各类文体的概要写法 1 . 记叙文概要 【写作技巧】 对于故事性、记叙性的文体：要找出文中的时间、地点、人物、事件 ( 过程 ) 、原因、结果 ( 影响、感悟、启发、启迪、结论 ) 。即 when ， where ， who ， what ， why ， how 。 在这六个要素中，所占内容比重较大的是 what ，学生最容易犯的错误就是把 what 写得太详细。 【常用句式】 (1)From the story...( 故事大意 ) ， which...( 主题 ) (2)In the passage ， the writer tells us that...( 主题 ) ， who/which...( 故事情节 ) (3)Despite/Though...( 主人公 ) ， …… ( 事件过程 ) ， which...( 主题 ) 【典例印证】 One day, a mother horse told her son, “ My child, will you happily go and carry this bag of wheat to the mill ( 磨坊 ) to grind it into flour ？ ” The little horse happily agreed without hesitation, and ran out of the house with a bag of wheat on his back. After quite a long journey, the little horse came to a river, which blocked his path to the mill.He suddenly got confused.Looking around, he saw a cow.So he asked the cow, “ Auntie Cow, can you tell me whether I can cross the river ？ ” The cow answered, “Definitely you can.The water is very shallow.” When the little horse was about to cross the river, a squirrel shouted to him, “ Little horse, don’t cross the river.You will drown. ” The little horse didn’t know what to do, so he decided to go back to ask his mother. After he told his mother everything that happened on his way, his mother said, “ My child, it’s not enough to only listen to others ； you have to give it a try by yourself, and then you’ll know the answer. ” With those words, he walked carefully across the river.The water was neither shallow nor deep.It was just fine for him.Finally the little horse crossed the river and completed his task. 【解题步骤】 · 第一步：定要点词句 Who? a __ little __ horse What? hesitated __ to __ cross __ the __ river __ at __ first ， but __ did __ it __ finally Why ？ confused __ by __ what __ a __ cow __ and __ a __ squirrel __ said How ？ encouraged __ by __ his __ mother · 第二步：变换句式 He suddenly got confused. → hesitated to cross the river With those words, he walked carefully across the river.Finally the little horse crossed the river and completed his task. → Encouraged by his mother to try ， he did it and succeeded. · 第三步：连成概要 A little horse ， confused by what a cow and a squirrel said ， hesitated to cross the water.But encouraged by his mother to try ， he did it and succeeded ， finding water was neither deep nor shallow. 2. 说明文概要 【写作技巧】 说明文通常会有明确的主题句，先抓住关键词，并根据各段落的主题，有序地组织语言，完整地表达出文章的中心内容。如果是分析型说明文，概括时要找出文章所说明的现象、产生的原因及解决的方法或建议，然后用自己的话将这些信息重组起来。 【常用句式】 (1)This article points out the common phenomenon...( 主题 ) ， which...( 解释 ) (2)The passages above compare the advantages and disadvantages of ( 主题 A) and ( 主题 B).A is...while B...( 解释 ) (3)The passage introduces...to us ， especially its... ， from which we know... (4)The passage tells us...including...( 方法 1) ， ...( 方法 2) ， and...( 方法 3). 【典例印证】 As bike-sharing booms in China ， a __ guideline __ was __ released __ by __ the __ government __ to __ promote __ a __ new __ form __ of __ the __ sharing __ economy— this __ time __ involving __ vehicles . Car-sharing, __which provides an alternative for people to travel in cities, will be the new innovation in a service model.The released guideline focuses on legal status, insurance and regular maintenance of cars before they join sharing services. It encourages the development of car-sharing, which is expected to reduce the inclination to individually buy vehicles and ease traffic congestion amid a surge in recent years of private car ownership. “ However ， there __ is __ a __ long __ way __ to __ go __ before __ the __ purpose __ of __ the __ guideline __ comes __ true ， ” said Xia Xueluan, a professor of sociology. “ First, a car costs at least 100 ， 000 yuan, almost 500 times that for a shared bicycle.Besides, shared cars also take the same space as other private cars, so parking will be another problem. ” “ Meanwhile, traditional car rental companies are competing with the emerging carsharing business.It ’ s estimated the charges will be almost the same for both forms of cars rentals ， ” Xia said. “ How to survive fierce competition will remain a challenge for carsharing providers ， ” he added. 【解题步骤】 · 第一步：定要点词句 ( 已在原文画出 ) · 第二步：变换句式 A guideline was released by the government to promote a new form of the sharing economy—this time involving vehicles.It encourages the development of car-sharing, which is expected to reduce the inclination to individually buy vehicles and ease traffic congestion amid a surge in recent years of private car ownership. → A guideline for the promotion of car-sharing, which shows government’s will to reduce traffic congestion. · 第三步：连成概要 This report is mainly about a guideline for the promotion of car-sharing, which shows government’s will to reduce traffic congestion.Meanwhile, some difficulties are also put forward as a reminder. 3. 议论文概要 【写作技巧】 议论文的结构形式有 “ 总分 ” 、 “ 总分总 ” 、 “ 分总 ” 或 “ 并列 ” 等。文章的三要素是：论点、论证、论据。而三要素中最重要的应是论点，因此，准确把握文章的论点就显得非常重要了。文章的论点往往在文章的首段或尾段，偶尔也在文章的中间。在段落中往往又在首句或尾句。还应特别注意段落中表转折或因果的连词，因为这些词往往会引出文章的论点。 此外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫作关键词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说，关键词通常是名词、动词或形容词。 【常用句式】 (1)The passage/essay/author highlights...( 主题 ) ， stating that...( 论点 ) ， which is...( 论据 ) (2)From the passage ， the author argues in support of/for/against...( 论点 ) ， stating that...( 论据 ) (3)With the development of... ， an increasing number of...( 主题 ) ， taking the view that...( 论点 ) ， while...( 论点 ) 【典例印证】 If __ you __ ask __ people __ what __ makes __ them __ happy ， you __ will __ probably __ get __ many __ different __ answers __ but __ there __ are __ two __ fundamental __ things __ that __ will __ ensure __ happiness. The __ first __ part __ of __ what __ makes __ people __ happy __ is __ growth. When you feel like you are improving your life ， that ’ s when you are happy .It doesn ’ t necessarily mean that you have to constantly buy bigger and better things.You need to feel like you are growing on a personal level.You need to know that the essence of who you are is continually improving in some way.Keep looking for ways to make yourself better today than you were yesterday.This can mean different things to different people but the point is that you have to feel like you are improving and getting better as a human being as time goes by. The __ second __ part __ of __ what __ makes __ people __ happy __ is __ the __ sense __ of __ contribution. Everyone wants to believe that they were put here to do something great.As long as you know that by your being here ， by doing what you are doing ， you are helping someone somewhere ， it will bring you happiness. These are two ways of how to find happiness .Are these the only answers to what makes people happy? That depends on how you define happiness . 【解题步骤】 · 第一步：定要点词句 ( 已在原文中画出 ) · 第二步：变换句式 1. 人们的观点： If you ask people what makes them happy ， you will probably get many different answers. → People have different opinions about what makes them happy. 2. 作者的观点： But there are two fundamental things that will ensure happiness. → Happiness comes from two fundamental sources. · 第三步：连成概要 While people have different opinions about what makes them happy ， the writer thinks that happiness comes from the two fundamental sources ： the improvement of one ’ s life and the sense of contribution. 4. “ 图表 / 图画＋文字类 ” 的概要 【写作技巧】 (1) 内容结构 “ 图表 / 图画＋文字 ” 的概括内容一般先总述图表 / 图画及文字主题，再说图画与文字内容及数据分析。 (2) 图表分析方法 ① 图表类型：表格 (table/form) ；饼图 (pie chart) ；柱状图 (bar chart/column chart) ；曲线图 (line graph/curve chart) 。 ② 图表分析九字诀：一是看趋势：数据变化趋势有上升、下降、稳定不变、变缓、加快等；二是找极值：找最大值或最小值进行描述；三是做比较：比较同类事物间的数值，尤其对比明显的。 [ 常用词和句式 ] (1) 图表分析常用词 ① 动词： show ， reveal ， indicate ， demonstrate ， describe ， illustrate ② 短语： consist of ， be made up of ， be composed of( 由 …… 组成 ) ； account for ， make up( 占 …… 比例 ) ③ 上升： mount( v i .) ， soar( v i .)( 猛增 ) ， shoot up( 迅速增加 ) ， rise ， increase ， climb/jump to( 上升到 )/by ( 上升了 ) ， on the rise ④ 下降： decline ， lessen ， decrease( v i ./ v t .) ， fall/drop to/by ， downward trend ⑤ 不变： remain/stay the same ； remain unchanged/stable/steady ⑥ 变缓、加快： slow down ， speed up ⑦ 修饰语： ( 急剧地 )dramatically ， sharply ， significantly ， considerably ； ( 显著地 )remarkably ， evidently ， observably ； ( 缓慢地 / 逐渐地 )slightly ， gently ， gradually ， moderately/in a moderate way (2) 句式 ① 主语＋ account for/make up ＋百分数＋ of Students made up nearly 20% of the group. Males accounted for 10% of the whole workforce. ② 主语 (The number of...) ＋谓语 (increased/decreased) ＋ from...to... ③ There be 句型 There was a sharp increase in computer use between...and... ④ 倍数表达： twice, triple, double The output of 1990 was 3.5 times that of 1980. Between these years X almost doubled, rising from 2 ， 000 to 3 ， 900. ⑤ 比较表达： Compared with... 　　　　 ...while... 【典例印证】 (2017· 江苏卷 ) 请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入 (boxoffice income) 的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 Saturday Afternoon . In a Shopping Centre . Li Jiang ： Hi ， Su Hua.Which movie shall we see? Su Hua ： Whatever.We ’ ve got so many choices ， Kung Fu Yoga ， Journey to the West ...Each sounds great! Li Jiang ： Yeah ！ And some movie stars are fantastic. Su Hua ： And the hightech ！ ... Li Jiang ： Perfect ！ Let ’ s get some food first.We only have 20 minutes left. Su Hua ： No hurry.The cinema is on the same floor. One Day in 2016. At Home . Son ： Mum ， shall w e go and see a film tonight? Mother ： Why bother ？ We can stay at home and w atch films online.It ’ s con v enient w ith our ne w and faster net w ork. Son ： But it feels good in a cinema. Mother ： And the price...We ha v e to pay 50 yuan a ticket. Son ： Only 10 yuan more than last year. Mother ： But still w e cannot get the money ’ s w orth.Some films are just boring... 【解题步骤】 · 第一步：图表分析 · 第二步：图表描述 · 第三步：连成概要 一看趋势：从 2012 到 2015 年电影票房不断上升； 二做比较： 2016 年增速比以前放缓 w itness a constant increase from...to... increase constantly from...to... ； slo w do w n The box-office income of Chinese mo v ies w itnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to o v er 40 billion in 2015.Ho w e v er, that increase slo w ed do w n in 2016. 如何写正文 一、话题思考的角度 高考英语作文考查话题类别主要有两大方面：同学自身成长和外部生活圈子。所谓自身成长，主要考查一些人生哲理与品质。同学们的外部的生活圈子无非就是家庭、学校、以及社会。顺着这个方向，可以挖出好多东西。 [ 典例 1 ] 作为高三学生，你是否会选择人工智能专业？简要说明理由 (2 至 3 点 ) 。 如果不选这个专业，势必和文章中心脱离。可以分为：对个人、对社会两个角度写。 Personally, I will major in AI without hesitation.( 先写主题句 )For one thing, AI can arouse my strong interest in high technology.( 从个人角度看，我的兴趣 )For another, AI major can help me fulfill my goal that people can be relieved of an overwhelming workload and pursue their potential.( 从社会角度看，解除负担，发挥潜力 ) [ 典例 2 ] 你愿意为网上知识买单吗？请阐述你的理由 ( 不少于两点 ) Many reasons give rise to the phenomenon.For one thing, with artificial intelligence increasingly influencing our daily life, people are eager to improve themselves for fear of being left behind.Without doubt, online learning platforms can facilitate their learning and satisfy almost all their needs by providing abundant resources of high quality.( 从个人考虑，大众对知识的渴望，继续追问：为什么渴望？因为现在的 AI 时代对个人素质要求提高，必须满足社会的需求 ) For another thing, the booming development of technology allows online learning products to be more convenient to use.Whether young or old, people have easy access to them.( 从 app 功能考虑，讲到科技产品，四个绕不过去的词： efficient, convenient, abundant, accessible ，即：高效，方便，丰富，易接触 ) 二、写好段落主题句 1 . 引出经历 ·The story reminds me of my own experience. 这个故事让我想起了我自己的经历。 ·This story reminds me of a similar experience of my friend. 这个故事让我想起我朋友的一次相似的经历。 2. 心得体会 ·Having finished reading the story ， I was deeply touched. 读完这个故事，我被深深地打动了。 ·After reading the instructive story above ， I realize that it is these struggles or obstacles that increase our will-power and contribute to our success. 读了上面有教育意义的故事后，我意识到正是这些困难或障碍增强了我们的意志力并促使我们成功。 3. 观点对比 ·People’s views on...vary from person to person.Some hold that...However, others believe that... 人们对 …… 的观点因人而异。有些人认为 ..... 然而其他人却认为 …… ·People may have different opinions on... 人们对 …… 可能会有不同的见解。 ·There are different opinions among people as to... 关于 …… 人们的观点大不相同。 ·Different people hold different attitudes toward... 对 …… 人们的态度各不相同。 4. 表示赞同 ·On a personal note ， I applaud the latter view. 我个人赞成后者。 ·From my perspective ， what he said is reasonable and practical. 依我看，他说的合理可行。 5. 表示反对 ·In contrast ， the others are strongly against it ， arguing that... 然而，其他人强烈反对，认为 …… ·I don’t think it is a wise option to send children abroad for education ， especially those at junior or senior level. 我认为把孩子送到国外接受教育是不明智的选择，尤其是那些初中生或高中生。 ·I frown upon smoking in public restaurants. 我不赞成在公共餐厅中抽烟。 6. 举例说明 ·Such examples can be seen easily in our daily life.A good case is... 这样的例子在我们的日常生活中很容易见到，一个很好的例子就是 …… ·Taking my personal experience in learning English as an example ， once I got into trouble in my studies. 以我学习英语的亲身经历为例，一次我在学习上遇到了麻烦。 7. 利弊对比 ·Its advantages can be listed as follows.For one thing...For another...However ， just as a saying goes ， “Every coin has two sides.” . ..is no exception ， and in other words ， it still has its negative aspects.To begin with...In addition... 其好处如下：一方面 …… 另一方面 …… 然而，正如谚语所说， “ 事物都是两面性。 ”…… 也不例外，换句话说，它也有不好的方面，首先 …… 其次 …… 8. 预示后果 ·Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that...will lead us in danger. 很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能 …… 会让我们陷入危险。 ·No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that... 毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，很可能会 …… ·It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展迫在眉睫。 9. 给出原因 ·This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.First ， ...Second ， ...Third ， ... 这一现象的存在是有许多原因的。首先 …… 第二 …… 第三 …… ·Why did...? For one thing...For another....Perhaps the primary reason is... 为什么会 …… ？一个原因是 …… 另一个原因是 …… 或许其主要原因是 …… ·I quite agree with the statement that...the reasons are chiefly as follows. 我十分赞同这一论述，即 …… ，其主要原因如下： 10. 解决方法 ·Here are some suggestions for handling... 这是处理 …… 的一些建议。 ·The best way to solve the troubles is... 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是 …… ·People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题。 11. 提出建议 ·It is high time that we put an end to the trend. 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。 ·It is time to take the advice of...and to put special emphasis on the improvement of... 该是采纳 …… 的建议，并对 …… 的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。 ·There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of... 毫无疑问，对 …… 问题应予以足够的重视。 ·Obviously ， if we want to do..., it is essential that... 显然，如果我们想做 …… ，很重要的是 …… ·Only in this way can we... 只有这样，我们才能 …… ·It must be realized that... 我们必须意识到 …… 如何写结尾句 末段一般是总结全文，照应题目，点明主旨，深化中心。简洁、有力的末段可以为文章锦上添花。末段的写作可尝试使用以下四种方法： 归纳总结法指的是以文章前面的论述为依据，引出或重申文章的中心思想或结论。常用句式： 1.To sum up ， ________ can benefit us tremendously if correctly used. 总而言之，如果运用得当， ________ 会让我们受益匪浅。 2.Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ________. 因此，不难得出以下结论： ________ 。 3.Recognizing the fact that ________ will lead us to conclude that ________. 承认 ________ 这一事实，我们能得出以下结论： ________ 。 归纳总结法 4.The evidence upon all sides supports/confirms/leads to a conclusion that ________. 各方面的证据支持 / 表明 / 得出这样一个结论： ________ 。 5.From what has been discussed above/Based on the points discussed above, we can draw/arrive at the conclusion that ________. 综上所述，我们能得出如下结论： ________ 。 6.In summary/conclusion/a word, it is important that we should ________. 总之，我们应该 ________ ，这一点很重要。 7.Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ________. 考虑到所有因素，我们得出结论： ________ 。 名言引用法是指引用古今中外名人的名言警句来证明论点。常用句式： 1.The saying ________ has been widely accepted throughout the world. 名言 ________ 在世界范围内被普遍接受。 2. “ ________. ” We are used to hearing such words like those. “ ________ 。 ” 我们习惯于听到这样的说法。 3. “ ________. ” Such is the opinion of a great man.This remark has been confirmed time and time again by many historical events. “ ________ 。 ” 这是一位伟大的人物的观点。该言论已经被许多历史事件反复验证。 名言引用法 4.As the proverb goes, ________. 正如谚语 ________ 所说。 5.There is an English proverb which says that ________. 有一个英语谚语 ________ 。 6.There is an old saying, “ ________. ” It is the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today. 古语道： “ ________ 。 ” 这是前辈的经验，但在今天许多情况下也适用。 7.“________” is the opinion held by ________.This remark has been confirmed time and time again by more and more people. “________” 是 ________ 的观点，而且被越来越多的人反复证实。 提出建议法是指对所讨论的问题提出建设性的意见或者解决问题的具体方法。常用句式： 1.It might be time to hear the warnings of some economists. 该是听听一些经济学家的警告的时候了。 2.It is time that we put/urged an immediate end to the undesirable situation/tendency of ________. 该是结束 ________ 这种讨厌的情况 / 趋势的时候了。 3.Therefore, in order to ________ ， effective means should be taken to ________. 所以，为了 ________ ，必须采取有效措施来 ________ 。 提出建议法 4.It is high time that ________.Here are some of the things that might be taken up immediately. 该是 ________ 的时候了。这里有几件事情可以立即着手执行。 5.It is suggested that the government should make efforts to ________. 人们建议政府应该努力去 ________ 。 6.In short/In any case, we should/ought to/must ________. 总之 / 无论如何，我们应该 / 必须 ________ 。 7.Awareness of the seriousness of the problem is the first step toward the solution. 意识到这个问题的严重性是解决问题的第一步。 8.While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways.The most important is ________.Another way is ________. 尽管问题不能立即得到解决，但是还是有方法。最重要的是 ________ 。还有 ________ 。 预测展望法是指预测某一现象的发展趋势或某一措施的深远影响。常用句式： 1.The significance of ________ cannot be overvalued. ________ 的意义重大。 2.What will happen to ________ ？ Nobody really knows.But one thing is certain ： ________. ________ 会发生什么事情？没有人确切知道。但有一件事可以肯定： ________ 。 3.Following these suggestions may not guarantee success, but the payoff might be worth the effort.It will not only benefit ________ but also benefit ________. 听从这些意见也许并不能保证取得成功，但是值得一试。它不但会造福 ________ ，而且也会使 ________ 受益。 预测展望法 4.To reverse the trend is not a light task.It requires a good awareness of ________. 要想扭转这一趋势并非易事。这需要充分意识到 ________ 。 5.People are coming to realize the importance of ________.Some have begun to try their best to ________.We believe that ________. 人们开始意识到 ________ 的重要性。许多人已经开始竭力 ________ 。我们相信 ________ 。 6.It is clear/obvious/evident/apparent that ________.Therefore, the task of ________ requires/demands/involves ________. 很显然， ________ 。因此，要完成 ________ 的任务必须 ________ 。 7.With the improvement of ________ ， ________ will prove to hold great superior over ________. 随着 ________ 的改善， ________ 将证明比 ________ 更具优越性。 8.There is a growing tendency for people these days to ________ ， which I believe will not change in a short time. 现在，人们 ________ 的趋势正在增加，而且我认为短时间内这种趋势不会改变。 9.If everyone is willing to contribute himself to society, it will be better and better. 如果人人都愿意为社会做出贡献，社会将变得越来越美好。 10.Anyhow, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ________. 不管它的作用是积极的还是消极的，可以肯定的是它必将 ________ 。 11.Whatever you do, please remember the saying ________.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you ’ ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. 不管你做什么，请记住这句老话： ________ 。只要你懂得它的意思，并将其应用到学习或工作中，你定将受益匪浅。 12.The influence of ________ is not confined to ________.It also ________. ________ 的影响不仅局限于 ________ ，它还 ________ 。 【典例印证】　 (2019· 江苏卷 ) 请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 Li Jiang ： Have you heard this? A group of exchange students from the UK are visiting our school next month. Su Hua ： Yes, I have.Some are already recommending the traditional Chinese dress for the welcome ceremony. Li Jiang ： But it seems that people have different opinions. Su Hua ： What do you think? Li Jiang ： I think it ’ s a good idea.It ’ s an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to international students. Su Hua ： I agree.But we don ’ t have to dress that way.That ’ s not our daily style.Besides, it ’ s not very convenient. Li Jiang ： You see, it ’ s the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for.Just the right occasion. Su Hua ： I prefer the school uniform.It ’ s nice.It ’ s also a better display of our school culture. 【写作内容】 1. 用约 30 个词概括上述信息的主要内容 ； 2. 在上述场合，你是否倾向于穿中国传统服装？请说明理由 ( 不少于两点 ) 。 【写作要求】 1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 不必写标题。 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 ◆ 概要部分 1. 要点解读 外国学生来学校参观时，我们穿中国的传统服装还是校服？对话中表述了不同的看法。 2. 运用句式 Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing...when... Li recommends...while Su prefers... ◆ 正文部分 1. 穿中国传统服装 2. 穿校服 原因分析： ① 有利于外国学生了解中国的文化；传统服装可展示中国文化的丰富及迷人之处 ② 穿校服不够展示中国文化的独特韵味 原因分析： ① 得体，适合场合；更好地了解学校的情况； ② 穿传统服装，让人感觉奇怪；不能反映学校的独特文化；浪费钱和时间 ◆ 语言亮点 1. 高级词汇与段语： richness/delicacy/fascination( 抽象名词 ) ； precisely( 副词 ) ； unique/impressive/suitable( 形容词 ) ； feel at easy( 感觉自在 ) 2. 高级句式： what to wear ， while ， it is...that... ， It seems to me... 3. 衔接词： firstly ， secondly ， what’s more ， besides 【参考范文 1 】 Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what to wear when receiving the British students next month.Li recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su prefers the school uniform. I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony.Firstly, this is precisely what the British visitors are expecting.They come to learn about Chinese culture with their own eyes.Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive.The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give a unique Chinese flavour.Secondly, the inconvenience is not a problem if our purpose is to share Chinese culture.It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. The traditional Chinese clothes ， it seems to me, will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British guests. 【参考范文 2 】 Li Jiang and Su Hua don ’ t agree on what to wear when greeting the British students.Li suggests wearing traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable. I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.Although the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish, it is a little bit strange to walk around in it.We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day.What ’ s more, the traditional Chinese dress can ’ t reflect the unique culture of our school.From the design and colour of our uniforms, the British friends will learn more about our school.Besides, the choice of the traditional Chinese dress means extra money, and extra time, for we have to change it back after the event. So the school uniforms are a better choice than the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion. 【实战演练】　 (2018· 江苏卷 ) 请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 Li Jiang 6 July, Sunny Our family will go on a trip next month and need a suitcase.Two days ago ， Mom asked me to find the relevant information on the Internet.But the information I got was rich and varied, or even contradictory.Confused, I simply based my decision on the ratings.Within five minutes, we ordered the one we were satisfied with.This afternoon, Mom received the case and told me she liked it very much. Su Hua 6 July, Sunny This morning, our family went out, hanging round in the downtown area.We found a rating of the Top Ten Restaurants, and went into one of them.We spent quite a lot of money, but were not happy.Mom complained a lot, and said that despite its high ratings, the food was not to our taste.I was puzzled.Should I believe in these ratings, or should I not? 【写作内容】 1. 用约 30 个词概括上述利用排名 (ratings) 进行消费的现象 ； 2. 谈谈你如何看待消费排名，然后用 2 ～ 3 个理由或论据支撑你的看法 。 【写作要求】 1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 不必写标题。 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 ◆ 概要部分 1. 要点解读 两个故事都是对 ratings 的评价，第一个的评价： ____________ ；第二个评价： ____________ 。 2. 关键词的替换 (1)like it → ______________________ ， __________________ (2)complain → ________________ ， ________________ ， ________________ like it complaining produce positive effects a good impression don ’ t meet needs negative effects mislead ◆ 正文部分 1. 赞同要点 主要从个人角度 ① ② 高排名意味着高质量，比如购买背包、看电影和吃美食都看消费排名。 排名可以节省购物时间，例如选择参考书看排名既方便又经济。 2. 反对要点 个人角度： 商家角度： 排名本身是建立在别人的判断之上，盲从会影响我们自己的判断。 有些排名结果是公司或商家人为操纵的。 ◆ 语言亮点 1. 高级词汇与短语： 2. 高级句式运用： consumption( 抽象名词 ) ； interestingly/completely/closely ( 副词 ) ； have an influence on( 对 …… 有影响 ) ； tend to( 倾向 ) ； make decisions( 做决定 ) ； huge amounts of( 大量的 ) ； according to( 根据 ) ； depend on( 依靠 ) 。 whatever I purchase( 让步状语从句 ) ； Based on the ratings( 非谓语 ) ； which I am often confused to choose from( 定语从句 ) ； both convenient and economical( 既 …… 又 …… ) ； There is no doubt that( 同位语从句 ) ； It is unwise to/It is necessary to(it 作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语 ) 。 【参考范文 1 】 As a major channel of consumption information, the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption.Interestingly, the same rating may have different influences on different consumers. I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.Firstly, the higher rating means the higher quality of the product, or better service.Based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.Secondly, ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping.For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings. There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related.It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings. 【参考范文 2 】 Nowadays, most commodities or services are rated through certain channels.These ratings, easy to access, are playing an increasingly important role in customers’ purchase decision.However, results are sometimes unsatisfactory. There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers ， but they are often misleading and unreliable.As we all know, most of the ratings are based on others’ judgment on the product or service concerned.Every judgment comes from a specific need or a unique psychological state.Apparently ， blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment.Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers.It has become a common practice for some to pay for good ratings on their products or services so as to increase their sales. Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.