详尽的高考英语单词表含相关词组和例句按照字母顺序排列

详尽的高考英语单词表含相关词组和例句按照字母顺序排列

Unit One abandon vt. go away from( a person or thing or place) not intending to return; desert 放弃，抛弃 词组 abandon one’s home 离弃家园 abandon one’s wife 遗弃妻子 an abandoned baby 被抛弃的孩子 abandon one’s research for lack of funds 由于缺乏资金放弃 abandon oneself to 沉溺于 ability n. capacity or power to do something physical or mental 能力 词组 to the best of one’s ability 尽自己最大努力 例句 I believe your ability to bring out the best in others. ‎ 我相信你有充分发挥别人潜力的能力 able adj. having knowledge or skill; capable 有能力的， 能干的 反义词：unable 词组 be able to do sth be capable of 有能力做某事 辨析 able capable ‎ 两个都指“有才能的”， able所指的意义，高过capable 一级,‎ 如 an able man 能应付各种事情的人（指非常的），而a capable man 能应付自如的人（指寻常的）；capable也可以用于贬义，表示此人什么事都干得出来。‎ ‎ ‎ aboard adv. prep. on or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or a bus 在船（或飞机，车）上；‎ 上船，登机, 在船（或飞机，车）上 词组 go aboard 上船（飞机）‎ ‎ welcome aboard 请上船（飞机）‎ about prep. on the subject of (sb/sth); concerning or regarding关于；‎ around在周围；在各处；大约 ‎ adv. (indicating position, state, etc) here and there in (a place) 各处，周围 词组 be about to 刚要；正准备 例句 He was about to leave when it began to rain. 他刚要离开，这时开始下雨了。‎ ‎ How about…? What about…? 关于…怎么样？‎ ‎ How about going to watch a football game? 去看足球赛怎么样？‎ 辨析 be to do be going to do be about to do ‎ be to do 表示计划或安排要做的事； ‎ ‎ be going to do表示打算要做但还没有安排好何时做的事；‎ ‎ be about to do表示某时突然想要做某事或表示过去刚要做某事时另一件事发生了,这时常与when词组连用。‎ 例句 We are going to visit our former English teacher this winter holiday.‎ ‎ 这个寒假我们打算去看看我们以前的英语老师。‎ ‎ We are to visit our English teacher on Feb 5th.‎ ‎ 二月五日我们去看看我们的英语老师。‎ ‎ I was about to leave home when the doorbell rang.‎ ‎ 我刚要出门，这时门铃响了。‎ above prep. higher than something 在…上面；高于；超过 反义词：below ‎ adv. 在上面 词组 above all 最重要的是 ‎ above average 超过平均水平 ‎ as indicated above 如上所示 ‎ above-mentioned 上述的 absent adj. not present 缺席,心不在焉 反义词 present ‎ v. fml to keep oneself away （正式）缺席，不在 词组 be absent from 缺席 be present at 出席 ‎ absent-minded 心不在焉的 absent expression 茫然的表情 ‎ in the absence of = in one’s absence 有谁不在场 ‎ in the presence of = in one’s presence 有谁在场 展开 absence n. 反义词 presence absolute adj. complete, total 十足的，道地的；绝对的，完全的 词组 an absolute idiot 十足的傻瓜 ‎ absolute power 绝对的权利 展开 absolutely adv. 完全地；极其 absorb vt. take sth in; include sth/sb as part of itself ‎ 吸收；接受；把…并入；吸引（注意力，精力等）‎ 词组 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 ‎ （同）be lost in; ‎ concentrate one’s attention/ mind on focus one’s mind/ attention on abstract adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence ‎ 抽象的 反义词：concrete ‎ an abstract noun抽象名词 ‎ n. 摘要，梗概 词组 in the abstract 抽象地说，一般地说 accept v. take (sth offered) willingly 接受，认可 adj. acceptable 可以接受的 辨析 receive 表示“收到”，而accept 表示“接受”，其反义词为refuse ‎ I received his invitation yesterday but I did not accept it.‎ ‎ 昨天我受到了他的邀请，但是没有接受。‎ ‎ admit 表示“接纳”，“吸收”某人加入某一组织，团体等 ‎ Soon he was admitted to British citizenship.‎ ‎ 不久之后他便被接受为英国公民。‎ access n. means of approaching or entering( a place) 通道；‎ opportunity or right to use sth or approach sth 接近；接近的机会；享用权 词组 a man of easy access 容易接近的人 ‎ have access to 可以到达（进入）；能够使用（接近）‎ 例句 The only access to that building is along the muddy track.‎ ‎ 进入那幢大楼的唯一通道就是这条泥泞的轨道。‎ ‎ Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.‎ ‎ 只有几个人可以获取这个案例的全部事实。‎ 展开 accessible adj. 容易接近，得到或使用 accident n. event that happens unexpectedly and causes damages, injury, etc.意外事件，事故 词组 a traffic accident 交通事故 ‎ by accident 偶然 ‎ （同）by chance accidentally ‎ (反)on purpose 例句 He owes his success to a mere accident 他的成功出于偶然。‎ 展开 accidental adj. 偶然的 accompany vt. to go with, as on a journey陪伴，陪同；‎ to happen or exist at the same time伴随，和…一起发生；‎ to make supporting music for为…伴奏（或伴唱）‎ 例句 I was accompanied to the airport by my wife. 妻子陪我到机场。‎ ‎ Suffering accompanied war. 灾难总是伴随着战争一起。‎ ‎ He sang a folk song, accompanied by his wife at the piano. ‎ 他唱了一首民歌，他妻子钢琴伴奏 展开 company n. 陪伴 keep sb. company 陪伴 ‎ ‎ accomplish v. to succeed in doing; finish successfully; perform 实行，完成 词组 accomplish one’s purpose 达到目的 ‎ accomplish nothing 一事无成 ‎ accomplish wonders 创造奇迹 ‎ an accomplished young lady 多才多艺的少女 展开 accomplished adj. 熟练的，已完成的，有教养的 辨析 accomplish complete finish achieve fulfil ‎ accomplish—指通过努力完成（某一任务，使命），取得（成就），达到（目的）等 ‎ complete— 较accomplish更具体，指把建筑，工程，书籍等完成 finish— 指完成日常琐事，接动名词作“结束”讲，而complete则不能如此。另外，finish指消极性的“完成”‎ 辨析： I have finished the book. 我已读完这本书了。‎ I have completed the book. 我已写完这本书了。‎ fulfil— 完成（计划，任务），达到（目的），强调的是对预期的或保证过的事情圆满完成，达到预想的目的和要求。‎ I had fulfilled many of my youthful ambitions.‎ 我已实现了我年轻时的许多抱负。‎ 展开 achieve—指排除困难，完成伟大功业，取得成就。‎ according adv. 按照；根据 词组 according to 根据 accordingly adv. 相应地 account n. a written or spoken report; description记述，描述，报告 n. a record or statement of money received and paid out, as by a bank or business, esp. for a particular period or at a particular date账，帐户 ‎ n. 解释，说明 ‎ vi. account for 说明…的原因，是…的原因 ‎ vi. account for （在数量，比例方面）占 词组 give an account of 叙述；报告 ‎ pay one’s account 付帐 ‎ keep accounts 记账 ‎ on account of 由于；因为 ‎ on no account 决不 ‎ take…into account = take account of = take into consideration 考虑 ‎ of no account 不重要的 ‎ on account 以赊帐方式 展开 accountant n. 会计人员 accuse v. to charge(someone)with doing wrong or breaking the law; blame 指责 词组 accuse sb. of sth.= charge sb.with sth. 控告某人 ‎ the accused 被告 ‎ the accuser 原告 展开 accusation n. 指责，控告 accustomed adj. being in the habit of; used to习惯于；‎ regular, usual 通常的，惯常的 词组 表示“习惯于”‎ ‎ be (get, become, grow) accustomed to ‎ be (get, become, grow) used to （变得）习惯于 ‎ adapt oneself to ‎ ‎ adjust oneself to 使自己习惯于 ‎ accustom oneself to 例句 This is her accustomed hour to get up. 这是她惯常的起床时间 ache n. a continuous pain疼痛 ‎ vi. to have or suffer a continuous dull pain 疼痛，酸痛 合成词 toothache 牙疼 ‎ headache 头疼 ‎ stomachache 胃疼 辨析 ache pain hurt ‎ ache 指一种辨析持久的疼痛，或因小病或失调引起的感觉 ‎ I have an ache in my stomach. 我胃疼。‎ ‎ He is aching all over. 他浑身痛。‎ ‎ pain 指人体感到不舒服，是一般用语，可指身体或精神方面的痛 ‎ I have a sharp pain in the neck.. 我的颈部痛得很。‎ ‎ hurt 指身体或精神的伤害，指“疼痛”时，为不及物动词 ‎ What you have said hurt her. 你说的伤到她了。‎ ‎ My fingers still hurt now. 我的手指还在痛。‎ achieve vt. to finish successfully(esp. something, anything, nothing) 完成，实现，达到 ‎ vi. 成功 词组 achieve one’s aim 达成目标 ‎ achieve nothing 一事无成 ‎ achieve success 成功 ‎ achieve a general increase in production 实现逐步增长 辨析 （见accomplish词条）‎ 展开 achievement n. 成就，成绩 acquire vt. to get for oneself by one’s own work, skill, action, etc.取得，获得；学到 词组 acquire a property 得到一笔财产 ‎ acquire a large vocabulary 学到大量词汇 ‎ acquire confidence 获得信心 辨析 acquire get obtain gain ‎ acquire 指（经过一个过程或通过自己的努力才）“获得”，“习得”‎ ‎ get 为一般用语，表示“得”，“取得”等，常用在口语中 ‎ obtain 比get文雅些，指凭着努力，要求等而“得到”‎ ‎ Further information can be obtained from our head office. ‎ 可以从我们总部获得更多信息 ‎ gain “取得”“赚得（利益等）”，含优势和成就等意味。‎ ‎ Nothing can be gained without an effort . 不劳则无获。‎ across prep. from one side to the other of穿过…， 横过…， 在…的对面 ‎ adv. 从 边到另一边；宽，横 词组 come across = run across 碰到某人或遭遇某事 ‎ get across 惹（某人）不高兴 ‎ put across 哄骗（使相信或接受）‎ ‎ get sth. across 使人理解,领会 ‎ put sth. across 讲清楚，使人听懂 ‎ The stream is 6 feet across. 这条小溪六尺宽。‎ ‎ He was unable to get across to the group what he meant.他无法让人了解他什么意思。‎ ‎ We must learn how to put our ideas across. 我们必须学会讲清楚我们的观点。‎ 辨析 across through ‎ across 指平面的穿过;‎ ‎ through 指空间或内部的穿过 辨析 across the river/ street/ desert/ plain ‎ through the forest/ window/ gate act vi. to take action行动；做，做事；to represent (a part) or perform by action表演;‎ ‎ vt. 扮演（角色）‎ ‎ n. 行为，动作；法令；条例 词组 act on/ upon 1. 根据…行事 ‎ 2．对…产生影响，对…起作用 ‎ act on the teacher’s instructions 遵照老师的指令 ‎ Acids act on metals. 酸对金属起作用。‎ ‎ in the act of 正做…的过程中 ‎ an act of great daring 英勇的行为 ‎ an education act 教育法 例句 She acted wisely in this matter. 她在这事上做得很明智。‎ ‎ He wasn’t acting like himself. 他的举止反常。‎ ‎ He acts very well in the play. 他在剧中演得很好 ‎ He acted Romeo. 他演罗密欧。‎ ‎ ‎ action process of doing something n. 行动 词组 take action 采取行动 ‎ out of action 不（再）起作用，不（再）运转 ‎ go /come into action 开始战斗，开始行动 辨析 action act activity ‎ act 指短暂，个别的，具体的“行为”；‎ ‎ action 偏重于抽象的，占时较长的“行为”，“行为过程”，更具有连续性；‎ ‎ activity 指活动。‎ 例句 The thief was caught in the very act of stealing. 小偷在行窃时被逮捕。‎ ‎ Firm action must be taken to prevent such an accident from happening again.‎ 必须采取果断措施以防止此类事故再度发生。‎ 展开 classroom activity 班级活动 action 也常指做事的方法或效果 action of a runner/ a medicine 跑步者的动作（药的作用）‎ ‎ actions泛指人们的行为，常与呼应 ‎ ‎ Actions speak louder than words. （谚语）事实胜于雄辩。‎ 注：我们可以有如下表达 ‎ a foolish/ kind/ brave act (or action)= ‎ an act( not action ) of foolishness/ kindness/ bravery active energetic; quick; lively adj. 积极的，主动的 词组 be active in = take an active part in积极参加 展开 actively adv. 积极地 adapt v.make something suitable for a new use, situation etc. 使适应，使适合；‎ ‎. v. alter or modify(a text) for television, the stage, etc. 修改，改编 词组 adapt oneself to 使自己适应，习惯（见accustomed 词条）‎ ‎ adapt to 适应 add v. put something together with sth. else so as to increase the size, number, amount etc.‎ 加，添加；进一步说（或写），附带说明 词组 add up to = amount to = total = come to 合计达，总计 ‎ add to 增加 ‎ add up 加起来 ‎ add to one’s confusion/ difficulty 增加困惑，困难 例句 Three added to four makes seven. 3加4等于7‎ ‎ Add all these figures and see what the total is.把这些数字加起来，看看是多少。‎ addition n. adding, esp. calculating the total of two or more numbers 加；加法 词组 in addition = besides 另外，加之 ‎ in addition to = as well as = besides 除…之外（还有）‎ 展开 additional adj. 附加的，另外的 address n. details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters , etc may be ‎ delivered 地址，住址；‎ n. speech made to an audience演说，讲话 ‎ vt. （在信封或包裹上）写姓名，地址；向…作（正式）讲话；对…发表演说；‎ ‎ 称呼；处理 词组 address oneself to 向…讲话，致力于 辨析 address speech lecture report talk ‎ address 指较正式隆重场合上所作的“演说”；‎ ‎ speech 普通用语，指在公共场合所作的经过准备的或无准备的“发言”；‎ ‎ lecture 学术性的“演讲”“讲座”；‎ ‎ report 事件及局势的报道（报告）或下级给上级的报告；‎ ‎ talk 非正式的讲话，用与较随便的场合。‎ ‎ I went to a lecture he gave on literature.‎ ‎ a political report ‎ I must have a long talk with him.‎ adequate adj. sufficient 足够的，适当的；胜任的 反义词：inadequate 辨析 adequate sufficient enough ‎ adequate 着重符合一个客观要求或标准，兼有“适当”之意；‎ ‎ sufficient 较偏重分量或数量的“足够”，多用于书面语；‎ ‎ enough 常用语，也较偏重分量或数量的“足够”。‎ ‎ His wages are adequate to support the family.他的工资足够养家了。‎ adjust v. alter (sth) by a small amount so that it will fit or be right for use; regulate 调整；调节 词组 adjust oneself to 调整以适应（见accustomed词条）‎ ‎ adjust to 适应 例句 The body quickly adjust ( itself ) to changes in temperature.‎ ‎ 身体迅速自行调节以适应气温的变化。‎ admire vt. regard sb with respect, pleasure, satisfaction etc. 赞赏，钦佩 词组 win the admiration of 赢得…的赞赏 ‎ be the admiration of 成为（是）...的欣赏对象 ‎ have/ display an admiration for 对…非常佩服（欣赏）‎ 展开 admirer n. 崇拜者 ‎ admirable adj. 令人敬佩的 ‎ admirably adv. 令人敬佩地，非常地 ‎ admiringly adv. 钦佩地，赞叹地 ‎ admiration n. 欣赏，赞赏 admit vt. allow sb/ sth to enter 允许进入，使进入；容纳；容许 ‎ recognize or acknowledge sth as true, confess sth. 承认+that clause/ doing/ n./ pron.‎ 词组 admit to sth/doing sth 承认；同向 ‎ ‎ admit (having made ) mistakes 承认犯了错误 ‎ be admitted into 被…录取 ‎ admit of 容许 例句 Only important personages were admitted to the opening ceremony.‎ 只有VIP才可参加开幕式。‎ ‎ This matter admits of no delay. 这件事不容拖延。‎ ‎ This ticket will admit three to the concert. 一张票可供三个人听音乐会。‎ ‎ George would never admit to being wrong. 乔治从不认错。‎ ‎ I admit my mistake that I was wrong. 我承认我错了。‎ 展开 admission n. 准许进入，入场费，费用 advance v. come or go forward 前进，向前移动；‎ make progress 取得进展；‎ increase (a price)（价格等）上涨；‎ pay before it is due to be paid预先发放，预先支付；‎ bring (an event) to an earlier date 提前，使提前发生；‎ make a present (a claim or suggestion, etc) 提出（建议等）‎ ‎ n. 前进，前移；进展，改进；（价格等）增加；预付（款等）‎ ‎ adj. 预先的，先行的 ‎ 词组 in advance 在前面；预先，事先 展开 advanced adj. 先进的，高级的；年迈的，后阶段的 advantage n. condition or circumstance that gives one superiority or success (esp. when competing with others) 优势，好处 反义词：disadvantage 词组 take advantage of 利用（某人的处境，弱点等）；‎ 利用（机会等）= make use of ‎ have (give sb.) an advantage over （使某人）在方面辨析有利；胜过 ‎ have the advantage of 在某方面有优势 ‎ to sb.’s advantage 对（某人）有利 ‎ turn sth. to advantage 使发挥作用，充分利用 例句 His British upbringing gives him certain advantages over other applicants.‎ ‎ 他在英国成长受教育，这一背景使他比其他应征者略胜一筹。‎ ‎ He has the advantage of speaking four languages over others.‎ ‎ 相比其他人，他有能说四门语言的优势。‎ ‎ The lawyer’s letter said she would hear something to her advantage.‎ ‎ 律师的信上说她会听到对她有利的消息。‎ 展开 advantageous adj. 有利的 adventure n. unusual, exciting or dangerous experience or undertaking 冒险（性）；冒险活动；冒险经历；激动人心的活动（经历）；奇遇 辨析 adventure venture adventure 指如探险等一般性的冒险 venture 尤指在商业方面有风险的计划，投资，事业 his adventures in Africa 他在非洲的冒险经历 ‎ He thought the venture far too risky and didn’t want to become involved.‎ ‎ 他认为这个计划风险性太大而不想参与。‎ 展开 adventurous adj. 冒险的 adventurer n. 冒险家 advice n. opinion given about what to do or how to behave 建议，劝告 ‎ ‎（不可数）a piece of advice 词组 advise sb. to do sth.= ‎ try to persuade sb. to do sth. = ‎ try to persuade sb. into doing sth. 建议某人做某事 ‎ ask sb. for advice 向某人要建议 ‎ follow/ take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 ‎ give sb. some advice on sth. 给某人提建议 ‎ it is advisable for sb. to do sth. 。。。对某人来说是可取的 展开 advise v. 建议 advisable adj.明智的，可取的，适当的 affair n.thing (to be) done; concern; matter 事情，事件；(pl.) 事务 词组 public affairs 公事 ‎ private / personal affairs 私事 ‎ national /state affairs 国事 ‎ international affairs 国际事务 ‎ family affairs 家事 ‎ current affairs 时事 辨析 affair matter business event incident affair 涵义最广，可指已经发生的或必须去做的任何事情，也可泛指事务（用作复数时，指重大的或头绪较多的事情）；‎ matter 意为事情，指要考虑或处理的（小）事；‎ ‎ money matters 钱的事情 ‎ What’s the matter? = what’s wrong?‎ business常指生意，商业，还可指任务，责任，正事；‎ ‎ do business with 与某人做生意 go into business 经商 business hours 营业时间 mind your own business ( affairs ) 少管闲事 get down to business 干正事 It’s none of your business. 不关你的事 Business is business. 公事公办 event 指重大事情 ‎ historical event 历史事件 ‎ track and field event 田径赛 incident 指突发事件，事变或冲突 ‎ Xi an incident 西安事变 border incidents 边境事件 affect vt. have an influence on (sb or sth.) 影响；（在感情方面）打动，震动; 假装 词组 have an affection for 喜欢。。。‎ ‎ set one’s affections on 钟爱某人 展开 effect n. 影响 affection n. 喜爱,慈爱 affectionate adj. 深情的 affectionately adv.深情地 afford v. have enough money, space, time etc for ( a special purpose) ‎ 提供；担负得起（费用）；抽出时间 词组 afford a holiday 度假 ‎ afford the time/ expense 抽出时间（支付费用）‎ ‎ afford to do 能够做某事 ‎ afford sb. sth. 提供某人某物 辨析 afford offer supply provide ‎ afford供给，一般用于抽象名词，常用在can, be able to后；‎ ‎ offer 主动提供，出价；‎ ‎ offer sb. sth. 提供某人某物 ‎ offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 ‎ offer some money for sth. 为某物出价 ‎ supply 供应，补给（缺乏或不足的东西）（一般指付钱的）；‎ ‎ supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb. 提供 ‎ The water works supply water to the people in this town.‎ ‎ 水利工程给这个镇上的人们提供水。‎ ‎ provide往往指免费提供。‎ ‎ provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. ‎ ‎ We provide the children with money and clothes.‎ ‎ 我们为孩子们提供钱和衣物。‎ afraid adj. frightened怕的（做表语用）‎ 词组 be afraid of ‎ be afraid to do sth.‎ ‎ be afraid that clause 害怕。。。‎ 辨析 be afraid to do be afraid of ‎ be afraid to do表示害怕不敢做，可以不做。是以人的意志为转移的。‎ ‎ be afraid of 表示害怕某事会发生。 是不以人的意志为转移的 ‎ The girl was afraid to go out at night. So she stayed at home.‎ ‎ 这女孩晚上不敢出去，因此她呆在家里。‎ ‎ The boy was afraid of being scolded by his father for he failed in the final exam.‎ ‎ 这男孩因期末考没通过害怕被他父亲责骂。‎ after later in time prep. /conj. /adv. 在…之后 ‎ 词组 after all 毕竟，终究 ‎ after dark 天黑之后 ‎ after one’s heart 合…心意的，投合的 ‎ ask after = inquire after 问候 ‎ be after 想得到，寻求， 追求 ‎ day after day ( year ~ year) 日复一日（年复一年等）‎ ‎ go after 追逐，追求，设法得到 ‎ look after 照顾，照看，照管 ‎ one after another 一个接一个地 ‎ run after 追求，追捕，追赶 ‎ take after 长得像，性格上像 ‎ the day after tomorrow ( the week ~ next ) 后天（在下一个星期）‎ ‎ be named after 以…命名 again once more, another time adv. 再一次 词组 again and again 再三地，反复地 ‎ once again 再次 ‎ now and again 不时地，间或 ‎ all over again 再次，重新 ‎ over and over again 一再地 ‎ time and time again 多次，一再地 against prep. in opposition to (反)对； 以…为抵御…对象；靠着；‎ having as a background衬着; as a defence or protection from 预防 词组 against one’s will (wishes) 违反自己的意愿 ‎ be against 反对 ‎ lean against 斜靠着 例句 We sailed against wind.我们顶风航行。‎ ‎ There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him.‎ ‎ 有20 张投票拥护他，有12 张反对他。‎ ‎ The skier’s red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.‎ ‎ 滑雪者红色的衣服在白雪的衬托下分外醒目。‎ ‎ We are all taking medicine against the disease.‎ ‎ 我们都在服药防御这疾病。‎ ‎ ‎ age n. length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed 时代；年龄 ‎ vi. grow old 变老，长大，老化 ‎ vt. 使苍老 词组 at the age of 在…岁的时候 ‎ at one’s age 在…这个年龄（岁数）‎ ‎ be of the same age 同龄 ‎ be of different ages 不同龄 ‎ under the age of 年龄在…以下 ‎ be over age 超龄 ‎ be under age 未成年，不足龄 展开 aged adj. 有…岁，…年纪的，陈年的；年老的 ‎ My son is aged 10 years. 我儿子十岁。‎ Tinka, aged eleven, was demanding that she be allowed to go to the movies twice a week. 十一岁的女孩Tinka要求一周看两次电影。‎ The sick and the aged need our help. 病人和老人需要我们的帮助。‎ the middle-aged 中年人 agree v. say ‘yes’ 同意 词组 agree with 同意（+某人/ what引导的从句/ ）；‎ ‎（气候，食物等）适于…的健康或体质 与…相符，与…相一致；‎ ‎ agree to sth. 同意（建议，命令，要求，安排）；‎ ‎ agree on/ upon 表示双方在某一点上取得相同意见；‎ ‎ agree to do sth. 同意做某事。‎ ‎ agree +that clause 例句 Their story agrees with the facts. 他们的叙述与事实相符。‎ The climate doesn’t agree with me. 这气候对我不相宜。‎ I agree with you on the plan. 我同意你对这个计划的观点。‎ I agree with what you said at the meeting 我同意你会上的发言。‎ We couldn’t agree on the date. 关于日期，我们未能取得一致意见。‎ 展开 agreeable adj. 令人愉快的 = pleasant；（欣然）同意的，乐意的 agreement n. 协定，协议；同意 ahead adv. further forward in space or time adv. 在前 词组 ahead of （指时间，空间）在…之前 ‎ ahead of schedule （比原计划或规定时间）提前 ‎ ahead of time 提前，提早 ‎ go ahead 在前进，有进展；继续干，说下去 ‎ push ahead 向前进，推行 例句 They began to push ahead with their new policy.他们开始推行他们的新政策。‎ aid vt. help 帮助，援助 ‎ n. 帮助，援助（不可数）；助手，辅助用品（可数）‎ 词组 teaching aids 教学设备 ‎ hearing aids 助听器 ‎ audio and visual aids 视听设备 ‎ food and medical aid 食品和医疗帮助 ‎ come / go to one’s aid 来（去）帮助某人 ‎ first aid 急救 辨析 aid help assist ‎ help 常用语，其后可跟一个宾语和带to或不带to的动词不定式；‎ ‎ aid 比help较正式，往往指帮助整体而言.他的宾语后接不定式或in加动名词都可；‎ assist 正式用语，往往指帮助个体而言，着重表示“协助”之意。它更多使用的则是后接 in 加动名词结构。‎ aim n. purpose, intention 目的，目标（可数）；‎ action of pointing or directing a weapon or missile at a target瞄准，射击目标（不可数）‎ vt/vi direct one’s efforts ( in the specified direction) 以…为目的，目的是，打算，希望；‎ ‎ point or direct ( a weapon, blow, missile, etc) towards an object 瞄准，对准 词组 aim at 目的是，打算 ‎ aim to do sth. 打算 ‎ aim for 希望（达到某个目标）‎ ‎ take careful aim at 仔细瞄准 ‎ aim high 雄心很大，要求很高 ‎ be aimed at 目标是，目的是；针对，对…而发 例句 This education aimed at combining brain work with manual labour.‎ ‎ 教育的目的是把体力劳动和脑力工作结合起来。‎ ‎ Mary aimed to please her teacher. 马丽想取悦她的老师。‎ ‎ We should aim for the best results. 我们应该希望得到最好的结果。‎ ‎ These advertisements are specially aimed at young people. ‎ 这些广告是特别针对青年的。‎ 展开 aimless adj. 无目的的 aimlessly adv. 无目的地 Unit Two air n. mixture of gases surrounding the earth and breathed by all land animals and plants ‎ 空气；气氛；飞机；航空 例句 clear the air 消除误会（或猜疑等）‎ ‎ in the air 流传中；不肯定，不具体；在谣传中 ‎ in the open air 在户外，在露天地里 ‎ build castles in the air 空中楼阁，想入非非 ‎ by air 乘飞机，由航空 ‎ on the air 广播 ‎ off the air 停播 ‎ up in the air 悬而未决的 合成词 ‎ air bath 空气浴 air-cushion 气垫 ‎ airflow 气流 airproof 不漏气的 ‎ air pump 气泵 air stream 气流 ‎ air rifle 气枪 air-conditioned adj.有空调设备的 ‎ air-conditioning n. 空调设备/系统 air battle 空战 ‎ air attack 空袭 air cargo 空运货物（邮件）‎ ‎ airhostess 空姐 airliner 班机，客机 ‎ airmail 航空邮件 air alarm 空袭警报 ‎ air base 空军基地 air corridor 空中走廊 ‎ air force 空军 airline 航线，航空公司 ‎ air raid 空袭 airport 机场 alarm n. fear and excitement caused by the expectation of danger 惊恐的情绪（不可数）；warning sound or signal n. 警告，警报；闹钟的铃（可数）；‎ ‎ vt. give a warning or feeling of danger to (a person or an animal) 使惊慌，使不安。‎ 词组 alarm clock 闹钟 ‎ false alarm 虚惊 alive adj. living, not dead 活着的 辨析 alive live living lively ‎ alive 活着的，多指状态 ‎ the happiest man alive 世上最幸福的人 ‎ The driver was still alive after the accident. 出了车祸，司机还活着。‎ ‎ live adj.活的（常指有生命的），现场直播 ‎ live fish 活鱼 ‎ ‎ a live TV programme 现场直播的电视 living adj.活的，逼真的 ‎ living water 活水 ‎ living language 活的语言 ‎ living things 生物 ‎ lively adj. 充满活力的，生动的，活泼的 ‎ a lively dance/ lesson 充满活力的舞（生动的课）‎ 注 有许多词是以a-开头的形容词，只能做表语，被称为表语形容词：‎ ‎ asleep睡着的 afraid害怕的 awake醒着的 alone单独的 aware明白的 ashamed害羞的 alike相似的 all adv. altogether; completely 全部的 ‎ pron. the whole of 全体；（整体中的）每一个；一切 n. ‎ everything 所有的一切 词组 all day (night, etc.) 整天（夜）地 ‎ all one’s life 一生，一辈子 ‎ all the time 一直地，经常 ‎ all the way 一路，全程；一直（走完很长一截路）‎ ‎ all the while 一直地 ‎ all these(those) days/ years 这些年（天）‎ ‎ for all 尽管 ‎ above all 最重要的是 ‎ after all 毕竟，终究 ‎ all in all 总的来说，总之 ‎ at all 究竟（用于疑问句，条件句）‎ ‎ not at all 一点也不 ‎ first of all 首先 ‎ for good and all 永久地，一劳永逸地 ‎ in all 总共 ‎ once for all 一劳永逸地 ‎ all alone 单独一个人，独自地 ‎ all along 一直地，一向 ‎ all at once 突然；同时，一下子；马上 ‎ all of a sudden 突然 ‎ all out 全力（以赴）‎ ‎ all over 到处 ‎ all right 好吧，行；（身体）好了，情况不错 ‎ all round 全面地 ‎ all the more 更加 ‎ all the same 尽管如此，照旧；全都一样（没有差别）‎ ‎ all through 在整个…期间 allow vt. permit (sb/sth) to do允许，准许，承认 结构 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ‎ allow doing 允许做某事 ‎ 同样用法的词：‎ ‎ permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ‎ permit doing 允许做某事 ‎ forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 ‎ ‎ forbid doing 禁止做某事 ‎ advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 ‎ advise doing 建议做某事 辨析 allow permit ‎ allow 强调主观 The nurse allowed the visitors to remain beyond the hospital visiting hours, though it was not permitted. ‎ 尽管医院不允许，但护士还是同意探视者逗留超过探视时间。‎ ‎ permit 强调客观 ‎ If time permits, we’ll go for an outing.‎ ‎ 如果时间允许的话，我们就去郊游。‎ 词组 allow for 考虑到，顾及，为…留出余地 ‎ allow of 容许，容许有…的可能 ‎ 展开 allowance n. 津贴，补贴 almost adv. nearly, not quite 几乎，差不多 辨析 almost nearly mostly ‎ almost 与no, none, nothing, never 连用 ‎ ‎ Almost no one believes her. 几乎每人相信她。‎ ‎ nearly 不可与上述词连用，而用not nearly 根本不是 ‎ It’s not nearly so easy as you think. 远没有你想象的那么简单。‎ ‎ mostly则等于 almost all ‎ The audience are mostly students. 观众大多是学生。‎ alone adj. only, exclusively 仅仅（用于名词或代词后）；‎ ‎ without any companions 单独的 ‎ adv. 单独地 辨析 lonely alone lonely 是形容词有“寂寞的”“孤单的”之意，既可做定语，也可做表语；还表示“荒凉的，人迹稀少的”‎ Come over and see me. I’m feeling a bit lonely.过来看我吧，我有点寂寞。‎ a lonely mountain village 荒凉的山村 ‎ alone 往往和心情无关，指独自一人，可做形容词也可做副词，做形容词表示仅仅 ‎ She lives on tea and cakes when she is alone.她一个人时就以茶饼当饭。‎ ‎ Man alone has the gift of speech. 只有人类有说话的天赋。‎ 词组 leave alone 不打扰，不惊动 ‎ let alone 不打扰，不惊动；更别提，更不用说 along prep. from one end to or towards the other end of (sth) 沿着，循着 ‎ adv. onward, forward 向前地 词组 all along 始终，一直 ‎ along with 和…一道，和…一起 ‎ get along 进行，进展；相处 alternative adj. available in place of sth else; other 两者择一的，供选择的；‎ n. choice of two or more possibilities 两者（或在两者以上间）择一，抉择；供选择的东西，供替代的抉择 词组 alternative road 另一条路 ‎ alternative fuel 可替代燃料 ‎ have no alternative but to do = have no choice but to do 别无选择除了做。。。‎ although conj. n spite of the fact that; even if 虽然，尽管 辨析 although though 1. though 可用做副词，做修饰性状语，（一般放在句末），表示“但是”，although则不能。‎ He said he would do it; he didn’t, though. 他说他要做这件事，可是他没有做。‎ ‎ 2．as though, even though 结构中不能用although ‎ 注 although和though不能与but同用,可用yet, still, nevertheless替代 ‎ Though he lives alone, yet he is happy. 他虽然独自生活，却很愉快。‎ amaze vt. fill (sb) with great surprise or wonder 使惊异，使大为惊奇 展开 同义词：surprise astonish 注: 此三词都是及物动词，但这三个词一般以事物或他人做主语，以人做宾语。‎ ‎ 如果以人做主语时用 be + V+ed形式 ‎ I was amazed to find her there. 见到她在那儿，我很惊讶。‎ amazing adj. = surprising = astonishing 令人吃惊的 ‎ amazing news 令人吃惊的消息 amazingly adv. 惊人地 amazement n. = surprise = astonishment 惊讶 ‎ to one’s amazement/ surprise /astonishment 使感到惊讶的是 among prep. amongst 在…中间；在…之中 辨析 among between ‎ among 指三者或三者以上 ‎ between指两者之间或两两之间 ‎ New York is among the largest cities in the world.纽约是世界上最大城市之一。‎ ‎ drinks between meals 餐间饮料 amount n. total sum or value 数量，总数 ‎ vi. 合计 词组 amount to 总计达（见词条add）‎ ‎ a large amount of 大量的（修饰不可数名词）‎ ‎ =large amounts of ‎ the amount of …的数量（不可数名词）‎ 展开 “大量，许多的”词组 ‎ a large number of 大量的（修饰可数名词）‎ ‎ the number of …的数量（可数名词）‎ ‎ a large quantity of = 大量的（修饰可数，不可数名词）‎ ‎ large quantities of ‎ ‎ the quantity of …的数量（可数或不可数名词）‎ ‎ a lot of = 大量的（修饰可数，不可数名词）‎ lots of ‎ plenty of 大量的（修饰可数，不可数名词）‎ ‎ a good / great many 大量的（修饰可数名词）‎ 注：这些词组修饰可数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数，修饰不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。‎ 但large quantities of 和large amounts of修饰不可数名词，谓语动词和amounts, quantities保持一致，用复数。‎ Large amounts of waste water have been poured into the river without being ‎ cleaned.‎ and conj. also, in addition和 词组 and so on = and so forth 等等 ‎ and vice versa 反过来也一样 ‎ and yet 但是…‎ angry adj. filled with anger 生气，发怒 词组 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 ‎ be angry at sth. 为某事生气 ‎ be angry to do 生气地…‎ ‎ quiver with anger 因生气而发抖 anger n. 怒，愤怒 vt.使发怒，激怒 angrily adv.生气地 announce vt. make sth known publicly 宣布，通告 辨析 announce declare announce “宣布”，含有“预告”之意。如书籍的出版，物品的发售，人的生死，婚姻，暴风雨和危险的来临等。‎ ‎ declare 公开“宣布”，“宣称”，如战争，和平，戒严等。‎ ‎ declare war upon 向…宣战 ‎ the declaration of independence 独立宣言 展开 announcement n.宣布，通告 announcer n. 广播员，解说员 ‎ ‎ annoy vt. cause slight anger to sb; irritate 使烦恼，打扰 辨析 annoy bother disturb ‎ annoy “烦恼”，指干扰，不顺利或受不了某种外界情况而感到“烦”‎ ‎ He was annoyed with his naughty son. 他淘气的儿子令他生气。‎ bother 指不停的“扰乱”，“麻烦”，是人不能安宁。它强调动作，不强调由此产生的心理。‎ ‎ I’m sorry to have bothered you. 对不起打扰你了。‎ disturb “干扰”，妨碍”，指由于外界的干扰，使本来安宁或正常的秩序被打乱，而使人一时不能全神贯注地做某事 ‎ That thing disturbs my serenity. 那件事扰乱了我的宁静。‎ 展开 annoyance n. 烦恼，讨厌的人或事 annoying adj. 讨厌的 another pron./ adj. an additional (person, thing) 再一个，另一的 词组 one after another 一个接一个；相继 ‎ one another 互相（三者以上）‎ ‎ each other 互相（两者间）‎ answer vt.‎/ n. thing said, written or done as a response or reaction 回答，答复 同义词：reply ‎ 词组 in answer to 作为对…的回答 ‎ answer for 对…付有责任 ‎ answer the need of 满足…的需要 ‎ answer to 符合，适合；对…有反应 anxious adj. feeling anxiety; worried; uneasy 焦虑的，急切的，渴望的 辨析 anxious eager ‎ anxious 指因焦虑而担心，因此渴望…‎ ‎ eager 仅指渴望…无担心之意 词组 be anxious to do 很想做某事 ‎ be anxious for/ about 渴望…，为…而担心 例句 We are anxious to know the result of the Entrance Examination.‎ ‎ 我们急着要知道高考的结果。‎ ‎ He is eager for success. 他渴望成功。‎ anything pron. any one thing, everything 任何事，任何东西 词组 anything but 绝对不（辨析nothing but表示“仅仅”‎ ‎ for anything （否定句中）无论如何 例句 The novel is anything but vivid. 这部小说一点也不生动。‎ ‎ Alone at home, I felt nothing but lonely. 一个人在家，我就是感到孤单。‎ ‎ I wouldn’t miss the party for anything. 我无论如何都不会错过那个晚会。‎ apart to or at a distance adv. 分开，分隔开 辨析 apart from 除…之外（别无），除…之外（还有）‎ ‎ fall apart 崩溃，破碎 ‎ set apart 留出 ‎ tell/ know apart 区分开 apologize v. make an apology 道歉 词组 apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉 ‎ make an apology to sb. for sth. （同上）‎ 展开 apology n. 道歉 appeal vi. make an earnest request 呼吁；控诉；‎ be attractive or interesting (to sb) 有吸引力 ‎ n. earnest reply 呼吁；吸引力 词组 appeal to 呼吁，请求；对…吸引力，投…所好 例句 The police are appealing to the public for information about this crime.‎ ‎ 警察呼吁公众提供这件罪案的线索。‎ ‎ This picture doesn’t appeal to the youth.‎ ‎ 这张画对年轻人没有什么吸引力。‎ appear vi. come into view; become visible 出现，显得；好像 辨析 appear look seem ‎ appear 强调外表上给人某种印象，有时含有实质上并非如此之意。‎ ‎ He appears to know more than he really does.‎ ‎ 他看起来好像懂很多，其实不然。‎ ‎ look 暗示有一定根据的判断。‎ ‎ The problem seems very complicated.‎ ‎ 问题仿佛很复杂。‎ ‎ seem 着重由视觉而得出的印象。‎ ‎ He looked as if he was worried.‎ ‎ 他看上去仿佛很着急。‎ 展开 appearance n. 出现；外观，外貌 appetite n. physical desire, esp. for food or pleasure 食欲, 后常跟 for 词组 have a poor appetite 胃口不好 ‎ ‎ an appetite for power/ knowledge 权势（求知）欲 ‎ lose one’s appetite 食欲减退 ‎ to one’s appetite 投其所好 appliance n. instrument or device for a specific purpose 器具，用具，器械 词组 medical appliance 医疗器具 ‎ electrical appliance 电器 ‎ household appliance 家用器具 辨析 appliance instrument equipment facility ‎ appliance 强调器械，用具 ‎ instrument 尤指精密仪器，乐器， 如：‎ ‎ musical instrument 用具乐器 ‎ surgical instrument 外科 ‎ equipment 是“设备”，“装备”的总称，为不可数名词 ‎ kitchen equipment 厨房设备 ‎ facility 常用，复数形式，表示提供便利的“设备”，“设施”。如：‎ ‎ public facilities 公共设施 ‎ facilities of traveling 旅游设施 apply vi make a formal request .申请（for）, ‎ ‎ be relevant (to sb/ sth); have an effect适用(to)‎ ‎ vt. 应用，运用；put or spread sth (onto) sth 敷，贴，涂，施加 词组 apply for 申请 ‎ apply theory to practice 把理论应用于实践 ‎ apply to 适用于 ‎ apply oneself to 致力于 展开 application n. 申请，申请表；应用，实施；敷用，涂抹 applicant n. 申请人 applicable adj. 可应用的，可实施的 appoint vt. choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 任命，委派；‎ ‎ fix or decide on sth 约定，确定（时间，地点）‎ 展开 appointment n. 任命，委派 ‎ He was appointed mayor of the city. 他被任命为该市的市长。‎ appreciate vt. understand and enjoy sth; value 重视，欣赏；领会，充分意识到，体会；‎ ‎ feel or show understanding or gratitude 为…表示感激 ‎ vi increase in value . 增值 结构 appreciate one’s kindness/ goodness in doing sth. 感谢你所做的…‎ ‎ appreciate it very much if you could 如果…，将不胜感激 ‎ appreciate the beauty of 欣赏美丽 ‎ … is much appreciated …大受欣赏 例句 I’d appreciate it very much if you could/would type this letter for me.‎ ‎ 如果你能帮我打印这封信的话, 我将不胜感激。‎ ‎ I appreciate your kindness in helping me with my English.‎ ‎ 对于你给我英语上的帮助我表示感谢。‎ ‎ I appreciate your problem, but I don’t think I can help you.‎ ‎ 我理解你的困难, 但我爱莫能助。‎ ‎ Houses in that area have appreciated since the new road was built.‎ ‎ 自从新马路的建造, 这个地区的地产已增值。‎ 展开 appreciation n. 感激，欣赏，重视 （of ）‎ ‎ have an appreciation of 欣赏, 喜欢, 重视…评论 ‎ ‎ ‎ approach vt.‎/ vi. to come near or nearer to (sb/sth) in space or time 接近，靠近；临近；对 ‎ begin to tackle (a task, problem etc.) 处理（问题，任务等）‎ n. ‎ act of approaching 接近，靠近；途径；‎ ‎ way of dealing with a person or thing 方式，方法 （to）‎ 词组 make approaches to sb. 想法接近（认识）某人 展开 approachable adj. 可以达到的，容易接近的 approve vt./vi say , show or feel that sth is good or acceptable or satisfactory 赞成，同意；‎ ‎ confirm (sth); accept v. 批准，核准 词组 approve of 赞成，称许 ‎ disapprove of 不赞成，不称许 展开 approval n. 赞成，同意；批准，认可 disapprove vt/vi 不赞成，不同意；不批准 disapproval n. 不赞成，不同意；不批准 area n. extent or measurement of a surface 面积；‎ region of the earth’s surface district of a city, etc. 地区，地域；‎ range of activity or interest 领域，范围 辨析 area region section district zone area 整体中面积较大且没有明确界限的一部分。还可指较确定的一小部分（相当于section）或计算出的面积。‎ ‎ There is a strange smell in the area around the fridge. 冰箱附近有股怪味。‎ ‎ Mary measured the area of the floor before ordering the new carpet.‎ ‎ 在订购新地毯之前马丽量了地板的面积。‎ ‎ region 指有共同的政治，经济，文化或自然特点的地区。‎ ‎ the desert region 沙漠地区 ‎ the Macau Special Administration Region 澳门特别行政区 ‎ Development of the West Region 西部大开发 ‎ section 指整体中相对独立的一部分，或指同类人居住的地区。‎ ‎ The student read the introductory section of each chapter.‎ ‎ 那位学生阅读了各章内容的简介部分。‎ ‎ the Negro sections of New York 纽约黑人居住区 ‎ district 多指一个国家或城市中的行政或地理区域 ‎ What district does that representative come from? 那位代表来自哪个区？‎ ‎ zone 指有不同于一般的特点或特征的地区，或指某些活动发生的地区。‎ ‎ the war zone 战区 ‎ the economic development zone 经济开发区 argue v. express an opposite opinion; exchange angry words; quarrel 争吵，争论 ‎ 词组 argue against 拒理反对，争辩说不应该 ‎ argue down 驳倒 ‎ argue away 把…辩解过去 ‎ argue with sb. over sth. 与某人争吵某事 展开 argument n. 争论，辩论 arm n. either of the two upper limbs of the human body 臂，前肢 词组 arm in arm 臂挽臂 ‎ keep at arm’s length 保持距离，避免亲近 ‎ receive with open arms 热情而高兴地接待（欢迎）‎ ‎ lay down one’s arms 放下武器，投降 ‎ take up arms 拿起武器，准备战斗 展开 arms n. 武器 around prep. near a place 在…周围；‎ ‎ forming a circle round (sth); following (such a route ) 环绕 ‎ adv. 在周围；大约 词组 around the clock 昼夜不停地；二十四小时的 ‎ around the corner 在拐角处，即将到来 arouse vt. wake sb from sleep 唤醒，引起 ‎ vi. 醒来 词组 arouse one’s curiosity 引起某人的好奇心 ‎ arouse sb. from sleep 叫醒某人 ‎ arouse the appetite 引起食欲 arise vi. appear; become evident起立，起身；上升，升起；出现 (arose, arisen)‎ 词组 arise from/ out of 产生，造成，引起 例句 Many problems arise from the lack of communication.‎ ‎ 有许多问题是由于缺乏交流而引起的。‎ ‎ 同义词组：result from lie in arrange v. put sth in order; make tidy, neat or attractive 安排 词组 arrange for sb. /sth. to do sth. 安排…做…‎ ‎ arrange sth. for sb. = ‎ ‎ make an arrangement for 为…做安排 ‎ arrangement n. 安排，排列 article n. piece of writing 文章，论文；‎ separate clause or item in an agreement or a contract. 条款，条文；‎ particular or separate thing, esp. one of a set （物品的）一件，物件；冠词 artificial adj. made or produced by man in imitation of sth natural; not real 人工的，人造的；affected; insincere; not genuine adj. 假的，矫揉造作的 ‎ 词组 artificial fiber 人工纤维 ‎ artificial smile 做作的笑 as prep. Having the function or the character of 作为，当作；像，如同;‎ conj. when 当…时，在…的同时，随着；and so too如同…那样，in the way in which 以…的方式，像…一样；since ; because of 因为，由于；introduce a clause of concession尽管，虽然 ‎ ad. to the same extent 同样地，一样地；‎ 词组 as for/ to 至于，关于 ‎ as if / though 好象，仿佛 ‎ as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上，不瞒你说 ‎ as a result 结果是 ‎ as a result of 由于，因为 ‎ as a whole 一般来说，通常 ‎ as… as one can/ as… as possible 尽可能，尽量 ‎ as follows 尽量 ‎ as/ so far as 远道，一直到；达到（某种程度）‎ ‎ as…as… 同…一样 ‎ not as…as…, not so…as… 不如…那样 ‎ as regards 关于 ‎ ‎ ashamed adj. feeling shame, embarrassment, etc about sth/sb or because of one’s own action ‎ 惭愧的，羞耻的，难为情的 辨析 ashamed shameful shameless ‎ ashamed 意为“惭愧的”，“羞耻的”，用于人，后接of，表示“以……为耻”‎ ‎ shameful “可耻的”，“丢脸的”，用于事物或行为。‎ ‎ He is ashamed of his shameful behavior.‎ ‎ 他为其可耻的行为而感到惭愧。‎ shameless“无耻”，可指事物，行为，也可指人“恬不知耻”。‎ ‎ shameless lies 无耻的谎言 ‎ shameless traitor 无耻的叛徒 ask vt. /vi. request information (about sb/sth) from sb. 问，询问；请求，要求；邀请 词组 ask after 探问 ‎ ask about 询问 ‎ ask for 请求，要求 ‎ ask for trouble 自找麻烦 ‎ ask the favor of sb. 请求某人帮助 ‎ ask sb. to dinner 邀请某人吃饭 asleep adj. not awake; sleeping 睡着的（常做表语）‎ 词组 sound / fast asleep 熟睡 ‎ fall asleep 入睡 辨析 asleep sleep sleepy ‎ asleep 睡着的，常做表语 ‎ sleep 是动词 sleepy 是形容词，既可做表语，表示“困乏的，想睡觉的”；也可做定语，表示“贪睡的，好睡觉的”‎ I slept a good sleep last night. 昨晚我睡得很好。‎ He was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes open.‎ 他困得很，眼睛都睁不开。‎ aspect particular part or feature of sth being considered n. 方面；角度；外观，面貌 词组 in all aspects 在各个方面 ‎ take on a new aspect/ look 面貌一新 assemble vt./vi. (cause people or things to ) come together; collect 集合，召集，聚集；‎ ‎ fit together ( the parts of sth) 装配 辨析 assemble gather collect ‎ assemble 指人或组织出于共同目的而聚集在一起 ‎ gather 强调把分散的东西集中到一起 ‎ collect 指有选择地集中或逐个地慢慢聚集，收集 展开 assembly n. 集会，集合；设备，组装 assign vt give sth to sb as a share of work to be done of things to be used 分配，选派 词组 assign sb. to do sth. 委任某人做某事 ‎ assign sth. to sb. 给某人分派某事 展开 assignment n. （分派的）任务，（指定的）作业；分配，指派 assist v. help 帮助，协助 词组 assist sb. in 帮助做某事（见词条aid）‎ 展开 assistance n. 帮助，援助 assistant n. 助手，助理 associate vt. join (people or things) together; connect ( ideas, etc ) in one’s mind 结合在一起 词组 associate…with… 与…交往；‎ 将（不同事物）联系起来，联想 例句 Whisky is usually associated with Scotland. 人们常把威士忌与苏格兰联系起来。‎ I don’t like you associating with such people. 我不喜欢你与那些人混在一起。‎ 展开 association n. 联合，联盟；协会，社团 association football 英式足球 Unit Three assume vt. accept (sth) as true before there is proof 假定，假设；承担，担任 词组 assume a statement to be true 假定一种说法是正确 ‎ assume responsibility 承担责任 ‎ assuming that… 假定…‎ assumption n. 假定，臆断；担任，承担 assure vt tell (sb) positively or confidently 使（某人）相信 词组 assure sb. of sth. 使某人确信…‎ ‎ assure sb. that… 向某人保证…‎ 辨析 assure ensure insure guarantee ‎ assure 强调“向…保证”，“使…确信”，后接人做宾语，否则用被动 ‎ ensure 与insure一般可以通用，但习惯用ensure表示“保证”，句型为：‎ ‎ ensure sb. sth 向某人保证…‎ ‎. ensure sth. 保证…‎ ensure that…=make sure that…=be sure that…=see to it that ‎ insure 强调“保险”，名词为 insurance ‎ guarantee 指对事物的品质或人的行为“提出担保”‎ 辨析:‎ He assured me that he would help me. 他向我保证他会帮我。‎ ‎ This new treaty will ensure peace between the nations.‎ 这项新条约一定会保证各国之间的和平相处。‎ ‎ Insurance companies will insure ships and their cargoes against loss at sea.‎ ‎ 保险公司将给船和货物保海损险。‎ ‎ The watch is guaranteed for two years.‎ ‎ 这只表保用两年。‎ 展开 assurance n. 保证 at prep. 在……‎ 词组 at a distance 在一定距离 ‎ at a loss 不知所措 ‎ at a time 一次 ‎ at one time 曾经 ‎ at all costs = at any cost 不惜一切代价 ‎ at any rate 不管怎样 ‎ at best 在最顺利条件下，说得再好也只是 ‎ at ease （口令）稍息 ‎ at first sight 一见面，第一眼 ‎ at hand 不远，快到，在身边 ‎ at heart 在内心里 ‎ at home 在家；随便，无拘束；对…很熟练 ‎ at last （经过一段等待或曲折）最后，终于 ‎ at least 至少 ‎ at leisure 有空闲，没事；从容地，慢慢地 ‎ at length 最后；详细地，充分地 ‎ at (the) most 至多 ‎ at once 立刻，马上 ‎ at one’s fingertips 非常熟悉，精通 ‎ at one’s service 听候吩咐，为…服务；供使用 ‎ at one’s wits’ end 没主意了，计穷 ‎ at present 目前，现在 ‎ at random 随机地，胡乱地 ‎ at sea 茫然，不知所措 ‎ at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟，意见分歧 ‎ at the end of 在…末端 ‎ at the corner of 在角落 ‎ at the airport 在机场 ‎ at the weekend 在周末 ‎ at a quarter to five 在四点三刻 ‎ aim at 旨在 ‎ shout at 冲…喊叫 ‎ fire at 朝…开火 ‎ smile at 朝…微笑 ‎ laugh at 嘲笑 ‎ glare at 怒视 ‎ stare at 盯着…看 ‎ throw at 朝…扔东西 ‎ wave at 朝…挥手 ‎ at half price 半价 ‎ at the speed of 以…的速度 ‎ be good at/ be clever at/ be skilled at 擅长于，精于 ‎ at the risk of 冒…的危险 ‎ at the same time 同时 ‎ at the top of one’s voice 高声地 ‎ at the start 从一开始，开始时 ‎ at times 有时候，间或 ‎ at will 任意地，随意地 ‎ at work 干活，起作用 attach vt. fasten or join sth (to) sth 系，帖，连接；‎ join sb/sth as a (sometimes unwelcome or uninvited) companion or member ‎ 使附属；使依恋，使喜爱；‎ ‎ attribute sth to sth 认为有（重要性，责任等）‎ 词组 attach oneself to （尤指短期地）使参加，使属于 ‎ attach to 使附属；系，连接 ‎ attach importance/ significance to 重视，认为…重要 ‎ be/ become attached to 喜欢，…依恋 attempt v. /n make an effort to accomplish (sth); try to do (sth) 企图，试图，试图做 词组 attempt to do sth.= 试图做某事 ‎ make an attempt to do sth.‎ ‎ attempt sth ‎ ‎ a vain attempt 妄想 attend v. go regularly to (a place); be present at 出席，参加 词组 attend to 照顾；处理，办理；专心于，致力于 ‎ pay attention to 注意 ‎ draw one’s attention 吸引注意 ‎ stand at attention 立正站着 展开 attention n. 注意，注意力 attentive adj. 注意的，关心别人的 attentively adv. 注意地，专注地 attitude n. way of thinking or behaving 态度，看法，姿态 词组 attitude to / towards 对...的态度 attract vt. pull (sth) towards itself / oneself by unseen force 吸引，引起 词组 attract one’s attention 引起某人的注意 ‎ tourist attractions 旅游胜地 展开 attraction n. 具有吸引力的事物 attractive adj. 吸引人的，招人喜爱的 attribute vt regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/ sth . ‎ 把...归因于，把（过错，责任等）归于 ‎ n. quality regarded as a natural or typical part of sb/ sth 属性，特性 词组 attribute… to=owe… to 把...归功于；把...归因于 audience n. group of people who have gathered together to hear or watch sb/ sth 听众，观众 词组 a large /small audience 众多观众，观众少 例句 There was a large audience in the hall. The audience are lost in the music.‎ ‎ 大厅里观众很多,他们都投入在音乐声中.‎ available adj. (of things) that can be used or obtained 可以得到的，可以使用的；有效的；‎ ‎ (of people) free to be seen, talked to, etc （指人）可以找，可以用 词组 (sth. ) be available to (sb.) （某人）可获得，（某人）可得到 ‎ with sth. available 有...可用 例句 There was no hotel available to us for the night. 我们找不到旅馆过夜。‎ ‎ This ticket is available in all parks. 这张票各公园通用。‎ ‎ If I am not available, you can ask him for help. 如果找不到我，可让他帮忙。‎ average adj. standard or level regarded as usual 中等的；平常的；平均的 词组 average height and weight 中等身材 ‎ average number 平均数 ‎ average student with average intellect 智力平常的普通学生 ‎ above the average 在一般水平以上 ‎ on average 平均，通常 avoid vt. keep oneself away from (sb/sth) 避免 词组 avoid sb.’s company 避免和某人来往 ‎ avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 await vt. (of a person) wait for (sb./sth )等待 = wait for awake adj. (awoke, awoke 或awoken) not asleep 醒着的 ‎ vt. (cause a person or an animal) to stop sleeping 唤醒，叫醒 vi. 醒，觉醒，意识到 awake or asleep 醒着还是睡着 I shall awake my son. 叫醒我的儿子。‎ I awoke from a deep sleep. 从沉睡中醒来。‎ 辨析 awake awaken wake waken ‎ 1.这四个词中，wake最为常用，也只有wake 可与up连用，等于 awake ‎ 2.表示“醒来”，最好用wake (up ),或 awake, 不要用waken或awaken ‎3.在被动态中，“被唤醒”一般用wakened 或awakened.‎ He was awakened /wakened by the noise. 他被噪音惊醒。‎ ‎4．比喻说法中的“觉醒”，“被唤起”多用 awake (vi) 和awaken(vt)‎ The national spirit awoke 民族精神觉醒了。‎ award vt. make an official decision to give sth to sb as a prize, as payment or as a punishment ‎ 授予，颁发 （后常接奖金，奖章之类的名词）‎ ‎ n. thing or amount awarded 奖，奖品；奖状 词组 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 授予某人...奖 ‎ a literature award 文学奖 ‎ an Oscar Award 奥斯卡奖 辨析 award reward ‎ reward 强调“报答，酬谢”‎ ‎ reward sb. with sth. for sth. 因某事而酬谢某人 ‎ A reward will be paid to whoever gives useful information.‎ 任何提供信息的人都会被给予报酬。‎ ‎ He was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics for his great discovery.‎ ‎ 因为他在物理方面的伟大发现，他被授予诺贝尔物理奖。‎ aware adj. having knowledge or realization of sb/ sth 意识到 词组 be aware of 知道，明白；觉察到，意识到 ‎ ‎ 展开 awareness n. 意识，觉悟 away adv. 向远处，离开；向另一方向，向一边 词组 right away 立刻，马上 ‎ put away 收拾好，保存 ‎ away from 离 ‎ give away 背弃，使泄露；‎ 或指婚礼中父亲把女儿交给新郎 ‎ get away from 摆脱，逃避 ‎ do away with 消灭，取消，废除 back n. part of the surface of an object that is furthest from the front 背部；背面，反面 ‎ adj. situated behind 后面的 ‎ adv. towards or at the rear 向后 ‎ v. move backwards 支持；后退 词组 back and forth 来回地 ‎ lie on one’s back 仰卧 ‎ at the back of = in the back of 在…后面 ‎ ‎ back to back 背靠背 ‎ back out 退出,撒手 ‎ back up (使)倒退 ‎ back down 放弃,后退 ‎ hold back 踌躇不前；控制住 ‎ keep back 保留（未讲）；忍住眼泪 ‎ look back 回顾，回想起 ‎ trace back to / date back to 追溯到 ‎ ‎ badly adv. very much; to a great extent 严重到；非常地 例句 I need your help badly. 我非常需要你的帮助。‎ ‎ The car is badly in need of repair. 这辆车急需修理。‎ ‎ He is badly ill. 他病得很重。‎ ‎ badly off 贫困的，境况不好的，反义词：well off ‎ ‎ balance n. steadiness; even distribution of weight 平衡，均衡 ‎ vt. keep or put (sth) in a state of balance 使平衡，使均衡 词组 the balance of nature 生态平衡 ‎ balanced meal 膳食平衡 ‎ keep balance 保持平衡 ‎ lose one’s balance 失衡 band n. group of people playing, especially wind instruments 乐队；organized group of people doing sth together with a common purpose 群，伙；thin flat strip 带，带状物；‎ range of wavelengths within specified limits 波段，频带 词组 a band of robbers 一群强盗 ‎ rubber bands 橡皮筋 ‎ a three-band radio 三波段收音机 bar n. room in a hotel, public house, etc, in which such drinks are served 酒吧；‎ ‎(a) piece of solid material n.. 条，块； narrow piece of wood or metal placed (often parallel to others in a grid) as an obstacle in a doorway, window, etc, or to act as a grate in a fire, furnace, etc （门，窗等的）闩，栅栏 ‎ vt. fasten ( a door, gate, etc ) with a bar 闩（门，窗等），在…设栅栏 词组 snack bar 快餐厅，小吃店 ‎ parallel bar 双杠 ‎ a bar of soup/ chocolate/ gold/ iron 一条肥皂，巧克力，金条，铁条 ‎ a barred window 带栅栏的窗 ‎ behind bars 在监狱中 bare adj. without clothing 赤裸的；无遮盖的 ‎ vt. uncover sth, reveal 暴露，露出 词组 in bare feet 赤脚 ‎ a bare hill 一座光秃的小山 ‎ earn a bare living 仅能糊口 ‎ a room bare of furniture 无家具的房间 ‎ a bare possibility 绝无仅有的可能性 辨析 bare naked ‎ naked 指人时常表示全裸，用于物时指缺少必需的遮盖 ‎ bare 指人时指一部分裸露，用于物指没有遮盖 ‎ Naked babies are playing on the floor. 孩子们光着身子在地板上玩。‎ ‎ I saw the boy running with bare feet. 我看到那个孩子光着脚跑。‎ 展开 barely adv. 仅仅，几乎不 ‎ barely had… when = hardly had… when 一…就 bargain n. agreement in which both or all sides promise to do sth for each other （买卖等双方的）协议，交易；thing bought or sold for less than its usual price 便宜货 vi. discuss (with sb) prices, terms of trade, etc with the aim of buying or selling ‎ goods, or changing conditions, on terms that are favourable to oneself 讨价还价 结构 A bargain is a bargain 协议总是协议。‎ ‎ It’s a bargain 这是便宜货。‎ ‎ make a bargain with sb. about sth. 与…讨价还价 ‎ bargain for/ on 企图廉价获取 base place at which armed forces, expeditions, etc have their stores n.基础，基地 ‎ use sth as grounds, evidence, etc for sth else vt. 依…为根据 词组 a missile base 导弹基地 ‎ base……on/upon… 把…建立在…基础上 ‎ basic necessities of life 生活的基本需求 展开 basic adj. 基本的 basis n. main principle that underlies sth.; foundation 基础，根据，前提 词组 on the basis of 根据，以…为基础 辨析 base basis foundation ‎ base 指具体的“基地”，特别是军事或工业方面的基地；‎ ‎ basis指“根据”，“基础”，多用于比喻义；‎ foundation 与basis大体同义，但更具体，通常指建筑物的地基，也可引申为“根据”讲。‎ ‎ The farmers form the basis of a nation. 农民乃国家之本。‎ ‎ The city will become an important industrial base of our country. ‎ ‎ 这个城市将成为我国一个重要的工业基地。‎ ‎ The report had no foundation / basis. 该报道没有根据。‎ beach n. stretch of sand or pebbles along the edge of the sea or a ‎lake‎ ‎海滨，海滩 词组 the open beach 空旷的海滩 ‎ ‎ on the beach 在海滩上 辨析 beach bank coast shore beach 意为“海（河，湖）滩，指受潮水冲刷而形成的有细纱或卵石覆盖的平缓的斜坡 ‎ bank 意为“河岸，堤岸”，指河流两旁高出水面的地方 coast 意为“海岸，海岸线”，是地理名词，指海洋和陆地的分界线，有清晰的边界概念，不能指河岸或湖岸 shore 意为“岸，滨”，含义较广，可指围绕海洋，河流及湖泊旁边的陆地，含有与水相对的意味。‎ ‎ My hometown is on the bank of the Yellow River.我的家乡在黄河沿岸。‎ ‎ lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上 ‎ coast cities 沿海城市 ‎ coast line 海岸线 ‎ make for the seashore 靠岸 bear vt. (bore, borne/ born)‎ endure (sth); tolerate; stand忍受，忍耐；‎ take (responsibility, etc)on oneself; shoulder 负担，承担；‎ support sb/ sth; sustain 承受，支承；‎ show(sth); carry visibly; display 带有，怀有；写（或刻，印）有 give birth to 结（果实），生孩子；‎ 词组 bear hardships 忍受困苦 ‎ bear doing/ can’t bear to do 忍受做某事/难以忍受…‎ ‎ bear the cost/ responsibility 承担费用/责任 ‎ bear the weight 支撑重量 ‎ bear a baby 怀着孩子 ‎ bear fruit 结果 ‎ bear scars/ signature/ date 有伤疤（签名）（日期）‎ ‎ bear/ keep sth. in mind 牢记 ‎ bear in mind that 牢记 ‎ be born in 出生于 ‎ be born for business 生来做生意的 ‎ be born into a poor family 出生贫寒 ‎ be born of Jewish parents 犹太出生 ‎ be born with musical talent 天生有音乐天赋 ‎ a born cook 天生的厨师 beat n. stroke (e.g. on a drum) or regular sequence of strokes; sound of this ‎ ‎(音乐的）拍子；节拍 ‎ vt. defeat sb; win against sb 打；打败 ‎ vi. (of the heart) expand and contract rhythmical (心脏等的)跳动 词组 beat sb. black and blue 打得某人浑身青紫 ‎ the city beat 城市节拍 ‎ the beat of the drum 击鼓声 ‎ beat down （太阳等）强烈地照射下来；打倒，平息 辨析 beat win beat 是“击败，打败”之意，指在战斗，竞赛等方面彻底战胜对方。做此解时，它是及物动词，宾语一般是人，对手和军队等。‎ win是“赢得，获胜”之意，指在战斗，竞赛等方面打败对方后取得胜利。它可做及物动词也可做不及物动词，宾语是比赛，战役，胜利等。如果是win sb. over,意思是“把…争取过来”。‎ ‎ win a war 赢得战争 win the victory 赢得胜利 ‎ beat the opponent 击败对手 beat their team 击败他们队 辨析 beat hit strike beat 指“连续不停地打击”。它可指太阳，风，雨的“射，吹，打”，心和脉搏的“跳动；‎ hit 指重重地打击，侧重“打中”。它还可表示“撞击”，及“达到（某水平）”等；strike 用途最广。钟打点，只能用strike。它还常用于比喻意义，如“给…以深刻 ‎ 印象”“灾难袭击”“突然想到”等。‎ ‎ The rain was beating against the window. 雨拍打着窗。‎ ‎ His head hit against the wall. 他的头撞到了墙。‎ ‎ The number once hit 8 million. 数字一度曾达8百万。‎ ‎ Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁 ‎ It struck me that… 我突然想到 ‎ When evening came, we were struck by a snowstorm. ‎ 夜晚降临的时候，我们遭遇了暴风雨。‎ ‎ The beauty of the lake struck everybody present. 湖的美丽打动了在场的每一位。‎ because conj. for the reason that 因为 词组 because of 由于，因为 辨析 because since as for ‎ because “因为”，一般放在主句后，表示直接的原因和理由。‎ since “既然”，是一种“附带原因”，表示事物关系上的自然结果，往往放在句首，相当于now that。‎ ‎ as“由于”，比上两个更弱，多用在日常谈话中。‎ ‎ for“因为”，表示的是附加的理由，推断的理由，只能放在主句后。‎ ‎ The oil must be out, for the light went out. 油一定没了，因为灯灭了。‎ bed n. thing to rest or sleep on 床 词组 go to bed 上床睡觉 ‎ lie in bed 躺在床上 ‎ make the bed(s) 铺床 ‎ put/ see sb. to bed 安顿（打发）…睡觉 ‎ take to one’s bed 生病卧床 before prep./ adv./ conj. earlier than (sb/sth) 在…之前，从前 结构 It won’t/wasn’t be long before… 不久…就 ‎ It will be/was long before… 很久…才 ‎ It will be two months before I graduate. 过两个月我就毕业了。‎ ‎ It was long before he realized what had happened.‎ 过了好一会，他才弄明白发生了什么。‎ 辨析 before long long before ‎ before long “不久以后”，是一个副词词组。‎ ‎ long before “很久以前”，既是副词词组，又是连词词组。‎ ‎ I hope to see you before long. 希望不久之后能见到你。‎ ‎ He said he had seen a tiger long before. 他说他很久以前见过老虎。‎ ‎ I heard about him long before I saw him. 我在没见他之前，就听说过他了。‎ ‎ ‎ beg v. ask for (money, food, clothes, etc) as a gift or as charity; make a living in this way 乞求，恳求 词组 beg sb. to do sth. 乞求某人做某事 ‎ beg your pardon. 能重复一遍吗？‎ ‎ beg for help 恳求帮助 展开 beggar n. 乞丐 begin v. start 开始 词组 begin with 由…开始 ‎ to begin with 首先，第一 ‎ at the beginning of 起初，在开始的时候 ‎ from beginning to end 从头至尾 展开 beginning n. 开始，开端 ‎ ‎ behave v. act or conduct oneself in the specified way 举止，表现 词组 behave badly 举止，表现很差 ‎ behave oneself 举止，表现乖巧 ‎ behave well 表现好 ‎ be on one’s good behavior 循规蹈矩 展开 behavior n. 行为 behind prep./ adv. in or to a position at the back of (sb/sth) 在…后面；在后，向后 词组 behind the time 落后 ‎ fall/ lag behind 落在后面 ‎ leave behind 留下，挪下，忘了带 ‎ stay behind 留下（不跟着去，不走）‎ being n. living creature 人，生物 词组 human being 人类 ‎ come into being 出现，形成 ‎ bring sth. into being 使出现，使存在 ‎ for the time being 暂时地 believe v. feel sure of the truth of (sth) 相信，认为 词组 believe in 信仰，信任 ‎ believe it or not 信不信由你 辨析 believe believe in believe 做“相信”解，指相信某人的话，或相信某事是真的。后面接名词或从句，也可接不定式或形容词作为宾补结构。‎ believe in “信赖，信任”，指信任某人的品质，或信仰某种主义，真理，宗教等，后面只能接名词或代词。‎ 展开 belief n. 相信，信念，信仰 believable adj. 可以相信的 benefit n. profit; gain; 益处，好处；救济金 ‎ vt. do good to sb/ sth 有益于 词组 be beneficial to 对…有益 ‎ for the benefit/ sake of 为了…的好处 ‎ ‎ be of benefit to 对…有好处 ‎ benefit from 从…受益 ‎ I traveled for the benefit of my health. 我为了使身体健康而旅行。‎ ‎ This company benefited from her ingenuity.= 公司受益于她的独到之处。‎ ‎ Her ingenuity benefited this company.‎ 展开 beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的 besides adv./ prep. in addition to (sb/ sth ) 而且，此外（还）；除…之外（还） ‎ 辨析 besides except except for except that ‎ besides 指“除…之外（还）”‎ ‎ except 指“除…之外”，用来表示同类人或物之间的关系，指从总体中排除一部分 ‎ except for指“非同类事物的辨析”‎ ‎ except that“除了”加句子 ‎ Your composition is quite good except for some spelling mistakes.‎ ‎ 你的作文写得很好，就是有些拼写错误。‎ ‎ I know nothing about him except that he is an American.‎ ‎ 除了他是美国人外， 我对他一无所知。‎ best adj. /adv. of the most excellent, desirable, suitable, etc kind 最好的；最好地 词组 try one’s best= do one’s best 尽力，努力 ‎ at best 充其量，至多 ‎ at one’s best 处于颠峰，（最好的）状态 ‎ have/ get the best of 赢得；在…中取胜 ‎ make the best of （遇到不幸或失败时）尽力而为 ‎ to the best of one’s knowledge/ belief/ ability 就某人所知（所信，能力所及）‎ better adj./ adv. a more excellent, desirable kind 更好的；更好地 词组 had better do sth. 最好，应该…‎ ‎ change for the better 好转，向好的方向的发展 beyond adv. at or to a distance 在更远处 prep. at or to a more distant point than (sth) （指空间）在…的那一边；远于 later than ( a specified time) （指时间）迟于； not within the range of (sth), surpassing （指范围）超出 词组 beyond compare 无与伦比 ‎ beyond one’s power 力所不及 ‎ beyond praise 夸不胜夸 ‎ beyond the visiting hours 过了探望时间 ‎ go beyond the mountains 到山的那边去 bind v. tie or fasten, e.g. with rope v. (bound, bound) 捆，包扎，粘和，约束 词组 bind up a wound / one’s hair 包扎伤口，束头发 ‎ bind one’s arms 捆住手臂 ‎ I am bound by my promise. 我受到诺言的约束。‎ birth n. emergence of young from the mother’s body 出生 词组 give birth to 生（孩子）；产生 ‎ birth rate 出生率 ‎ ‎ bit n. small piece or amount (of sth) 一点 词组 a bit 一点儿 ‎ not a bit 一点也不 ‎ not a little 非常 ‎ bit by bit 逐渐地 ‎ wait a bit 等一会儿 bitter adj. having a sharp taste like aspirin or unsweetened coffee; not sweet 痛苦的，苦涩的 词组 bitter experiences 痛苦的经历 ‎ bitter fighting 苦战 ‎ bitter tears 辛酸的眼泪 ‎ cry bitterly 痛哭 展开 bitterly adv. 难以忍受地，引起悲伤地 black adj. of the very darkest colour 黑的 词组 black and blue 青肿的 ‎ black and white 白纸黑字 ‎ black coffee 清咖啡 ‎ black Monday 黑色星期一 ‎ black-hearted 黑心的 ‎ black lead 笔铅 ‎ black letter 黑体字 ‎ black mark 污点 blame vt. consider or say that sb is responsible for sth done (badly or wrongly) or not done 责怪 词组 blame sb. for sth. 责怪某人某事 ‎ blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎到某人身上 ‎ be to blame for 对某事应负责任 例句 He was to blame for the accident. So he was blamed for it.‎ ‎ 他应该为次事故受责. 因此他受到了责备 Unit Four blank n. empty space in a document, etc for writing answers, a signature, etc ‎ 空白（处）， 空格 ‎ adj. without writing or printing 空白的，‎ without expression, understanding or interest; empty 茫然的 词组 fill in the blank 填空 ‎ look blank 脸上毫无表情 ‎ a blank check 一张空白支票 例句 My memory is blank. 记忆空白 blind adj. unable to see 失明的 ‎ vt. make (sb) temporarily or permanently blind 使失明 词组 be blind in the right eye 右眼瞎了 ‎ blind oneself 把自己弄瞎了 ‎ turn a blind eye to 视而不见 ‎ turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻 展开 blindness n. 失明 block n. group of buildings bounded by streets on four sides 街区；一排房屋，大楼;‎ large solid piece of wood, stone, metal, etc with flat surface 大块（木料，冰等）；‎ thing that makes movement or progress difficult or impossible; obstruction 障碍物； ‎ ‎ vt. make movement or flow difficult or impossible on or in sth; obstruct sth ‎ 阻塞，堵塞；阻碍，妨碍 词组 a block of ice/ stone 冰块，石块 ‎ a stumbling stock 绊脚石 ‎ an office block 办公大楼 ‎ block the progress of study 阻碍学习进步 ‎ walk three blocks 走三个街区 ‎ block off 封锁，封闭 ‎ block up 堵塞，挡住 bloom n./ vi. produce flowers 花，开花 词组 pass out of bloom 过了花期 ‎ come into bloom 盛开（花）‎ ‎ in full bloom 盛开（花）‎ blow (blew, blown) ‎ v. (of the wind or a current of air ) be moving 吹，吹动；(of an instrument, etc) sound in this way 吹响，吹奏；break (sth) with explosives （使）爆炸；send out (a current of air, etc) from the mouth 吹气，充气、‎ ‎ n. sudden shock 一击，打击 词组 blow a horn 吹号角 ‎ blow bubbles 吹泡泡 ‎ blow up 爆炸；冲气，给打气；大怒 ‎ come to blows 开始互殴 blue adj. blue color 兰色的 ；feeling sad or depressed 沮丧的；‎ ‎ n. 兰色 词组 look blue 面带忧郁 ‎ a blue movie/ film 色情电影 ‎ pale blue 淡兰色 board n. long thin flat piece of cut wood used for building walls, floors, boats, etc 板，木板；‎ 船舷；group of people controlling a company or some other organization; committee; council 董事会 ‎ v. get on or into ( a ship, a train, an aircraft, a bus etc)（上船,车,飞机等）‎ 词组 a notice board 布告牌 ‎ on board 在船上 ‎ boarding school 寄宿学校 boast vi./vt./n talk( about one’s own achievements, abilities, etc) with too much pride and ‎ satisfaction自吹自擂，吹嘘 词组 boast of/ about = brag about 自夸，夸耀 辨析 boast brag ‎ boast 夸口，吹嘘（意味较brag弱）‎ ‎ brag 是“大言不惭地自夸”，带有使人讨厌的含义 boil vi./vt. (of a liquid ) bubble up and change to vapour by being heated 煮，煮沸；沸腾词组 boiling water 沸水 ‎ boiled water 开水（指烧过的水）‎ ‎ boil over 沸溢；激动，发怒 book n. number of printed or written sheets of paper bound together in a cover书；本子 ‎ vt. reserve( a place, accommodation, etc) ; buy ( a ticket, etc) in advance ‎ 预定（票，座位，房间等）‎ 词组 booking office 售票处 ‎ book in 为…预定；为…办理登记手续 bore vt. make (sb) feel tired and uninterested by being dull or tedious 令人厌烦 词组 be bored with = 对…厌倦了 ‎ be tired of =. ‎ ‎ be fed up with ‎ 展开 boring adj. 令人厌烦的，乏味的，无聊的 borrow v. receive or obtain (sth) temporarily (from sb/ sth) with the promise or intention of ‎ returning it 借 辨析 borrow lend ‎ borrow意为“借入，借进”，用于借钱借物等。不接双宾语。‎ 用做：borrow sth. from sb.‎ ‎ lend 意为“借，”表示把某物借给他人。它可接双宾语，也可与介词to 连用 ‎ 用做：lend sb. sth = lend sth to sb.‎ ‎ 这两个词都为瞬间动词，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。‎ bother vt. cause trouble or annoyance to sb 打扰，麻烦；使不安，使紧张 ‎ vi. 尽力，烦心；担心，烦恼 ‎ n. trouble; inconvenience 烦恼，焦急；令人烦恼的人（或事物）‎ 例句 I’m sorry to have bothered you. 抱歉打扰你了。‎ ‎ He has no time to bother with trifles. 他没时间为小事操心。‎ ‎ She never bothered about clothes. 穿衣上她从不费心。‎ ‎ We found the address without any bother. 我们不费劲就找到了这一地址。‎ ‎ His lazy son is really a bother to him. 他那个懒儿子真令他伤脑筋。‎ bottom n. lowest part or point of sth 底部 词组 at the bottom of 在…底部 ‎ from the bottom of one’s heart 衷心地 ‎ from top to bottom 彻头彻尾 ‎ stand on one’s bottom 自立 ‎ bottoms up! 干杯！‎ brain n. organ of the body that controls thought, memory and feeling, consisting of a mass of ‎ soft grey matter inside the head 脑；（复数）智力 词组 have a clever brain 头脑好使 ‎ beat one’s brains 绞尽脑汁 ‎ coin one’s brains 动脑筋挣钱 ‎ brain trust 智囊团 break vt. (of a whole object )separate into two or more parts as a result of force or strain ‎ 打破；使破裂；损坏 ‎ vi. 破裂 ‎ n. a rest during the working day or at school 休息时间，暂停 词组 break the egg 打鸡蛋 ‎ break the law 触犯法律 ‎ break the record 打破记录 ‎ break our journey 终止旅行 break away from 挣脱，逃离；与（团体，组织，某种思想等）脱离，摆脱 break down （因机械，电力等故障）失灵；（计划，谈判等）失败；（健康，精神）垮掉 ‎ break in 闯入；插嘴（in 为副词）‎ break into 强行闯入，破门而入；突然开（大笑，唱歌，欢呼等）‎ break off 停止（中断）（讲话）；使突然结束；中断（解除）（关系，约定等）‎ ‎ break out 突然发生，爆发（无被动，为不及物词组）‎ ‎ break through 突破，有重要创建；冲破，（强行）穿过 ‎ break up 打碎，拆散；分成部分；使终止（结束）‎ breath n. single act of taking air into the lungs 呼吸 词组 catch one’s breath= ‎ ‎ hold one’s breath 屏息 ‎ out of breath 喘不过气来 ‎ take one’s breath away 使惊羡不已 展开 breathe v. 呼吸 brief adj. lasting only a short time 简短的，短暂的 词组 a brief introduction 简要的介绍 ‎ in brief 简言之，简单地说 展开 briefly adv. 简单地 bright adj. giving out or reflecting much light; shining 明亮的;clever; intelligent 聪明的 词组 bright future 前途光明 ‎ bright sunshine 灿烂的阳光 ‎ a bright boy 聪明的男孩 bring vt. come carrying sth or accompanied by sb. 带来 词组 bring about =result in =give rise to 导致，引起 ‎ =lead to = cause ‎ ‎ bring down 打倒，使倒下；使降低 ‎ bring forward 提出，提议；提前 bring out 推出（新产品等）；出版；使显出，使明显 ‎ bring through 使脱离险境，使渡过难关 ‎ bright up 抚养；教育，培养 辨析 bring carry take fetch bring表示，“拿来，带来”，指从别处把某人某物带来。它表示单程，与take方向相反。‎ carry表示“携带，搬运”，有负担的含义，它指从一地到另一地的运动，但不说明动作的方向 take表示“拿走，带走”，指把某物从本处拿走，或把某人带走。它指单程，与bring方向相反 fetch表示“去取来，带走”，指到别处去把某物取来，或把某人接来。它表示往返，指双程，相当于 go and bring ‎ Don’t forget to bring your homework with you tomorrow.‎ ‎ Why do you carry an umbrella on such a fine day?‎ ‎ He rushed home to fetch his laptop.‎ ‎ I don’t know what I should take to the sea when I leave.‎ broad adj. large in size from one side to the other; wide 宽的；广泛的 词组 a broad-minded man 心胸宽广的人 ‎ as broad as it is long 横竖都一样（表两者无分别）‎ bump vi. knock or strike sth with a dull-sounding blow; collide with sth 碰，撞 词组 bump against / into 碰撞 ‎ bump into 偶然遇见，碰见 bunch n. number of things (usu of the same kind) growing, fastened or grouped together 束，簇 词组 a bunch of flowers 一束花 ‎ a bunch of keys 一串钥匙 ‎ a bunch of grapes 一串葡萄 burden n. thing or person that is carried; heavy load 重负 ‎ v. put a burden on sb/ oneself; load sb/ oneself 是负重 词组 be burdened with worries 忧心忡忡 ‎ be burdened with 肩负…‎ burn vi./vt destroy, damage, injure or mark (sb/sth) by fire, heat or acid 燃烧，发热燃烧 词组 burn down 烧毁；火势渐弱 burn out （指火）因燃料用尽而熄灭；烧光，烧毁（常用于被动态）‎ ‎ burn up 烧光，烧毁；烧起来，旺起来；使发怒 ‎ be burnt to ashes 烧为灰烬 burst vt./vi. break violently open or apart 使爆裂；explode 爆炸，爆裂；挤满，充满；‎ 突然打开；突然发生，突然发作 ‎ n. sudden outbreak of sth 爆炸，爆裂；爆发，突发 词组 burst into 闯入，冲进 ‎ burst into tears 哭了起来 ‎ burst into laughter 大笑起来 ‎ burst into flames 烧了起来 ‎ burst out crying 大哭起来 ‎ burst out laughing 突然大笑 ‎ burst open 突然打开 ‎ a burst of gunfire 一阵枪声 例句 If you fill too many in your bag, it will burst.如果你塞太多东西，书包会破的。‎ ‎ ‎ bush n. low thickly-growing plant with several woody stems coming up from the root 灌木，灌木丛 结构 beat about the bush 转弯抹角，旁敲侧击 ‎ A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. 一鸟在手，胜于二鸟在林。‎ business n. buying and selling(esp. as a profession); commerce; trade 商业，生意 词组 business hours 营业时间 ‎ get down to business 认真着手办事 ‎ mind your own business 管好你自己的事，少管闲事 ‎ on business 因公，公事 ‎ It’s none of your business. 不管你的事，少管闲事 ‎ mean business 是认真的 ‎ have no business 无权，没有理由 ‎ go out of business 歇业 ‎ Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 三个和尚没水喝。‎ Business is business. 公事公办 busy adj. having much to do; occupied 忙的，繁忙的 词组 be busy with sth. 忙于 ‎ be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 ‎ ‎ by prep. through the means of 用，通过 词组 by and by 不久，不一会儿 ‎ by and large 总的来说，一般来说 ‎ by the way 顺便提一句 call vt. shout, cry大声说出；喊，叫；order or ask sb to come by telephoning打电话给；‎ 把…叫做; make a short visit 拜访 ‎ n. （一次）电话 词组 call at 拜访某地 ‎ call for 要求；把…召来；需要，要求 ‎ call in 收回，回收；请来（某人）‎ ‎ call off 取消 call on 拜访某人；号召，要求；恳请（某人）做某事）‎ ‎ call out 大声地说 ‎ call up 打电话；召集，征召（入役）；使人想起 calm adj. (of the sea) without large waves; still（指海洋）无浪的,平静的; ‎ ‎ not excited, nervous or agitated; quiet 镇静的 辨析 calm quiet silent still ‎ calm 表示“平静的，镇定的”，可以表示人内心的平静状态也可指外界的平静状态 ‎ He remained calm in face of danger.‎ ‎ After the storm, the sea was rather calm.‎ quiet表示“安静的，宁静的”。用于人时，表示性格温和；用于物时，表示相对地没有嘈声及骚动的安静状态，即使有声音，声音也很低。‎ ‎ He was a quiet man who didn’t let small things upset himself.‎ ‎ She enjoys a quiet life in the small village.‎ silent表示“安静的，无声的，沉默的”‎ ‎，主要用于人，表示不说话或很少说话，尤指沉默寡言。它强调没有声音，不指任何动作。‎ ‎ He promised to keep silent on the matter. ‎ ‎ All was silent again after the accident.‎ still表示“寂静的，静止的，不动的”，强调人，事物或环境绝对静止。没有动作与声音。它不能用来指人的心理状态。‎ ‎ Please stand still while I take your photo. ‎ campus n. grounds and buildings of a university or college （大学的）校园，学校校园 词组 campus life 大学生活 ‎ live on campus 住在校内 candidate n. person who applies for a job is nominated for election 候选人；求职者 词组 candidate for president 总统候选人 ‎ candidate for manager 经理应聘者 capture vt. take (sb/sth) as a prisoner俘虏,捕获;take or win (sth) by force or skill 夺得，占领 ‎ n. 虏获，捕获 辨析 arrest capture catch seize ‎ arrest 逮捕，拘留 ‎ The police arrested the thief.‎ ‎ capture捕获，虏获 ‎ We captured him alive.‎ ‎ catch捉，抓住 ‎ The boy caught a bird.‎ ‎ seize （突然地）抓住 ‎ They seized him by he collar.‎ care vi. be worried; concerned 关心；considering how much 介意；‎ look after sb照顾，护理 ‎ n. 照管；关心；关怀；小心 词组 care about 关心；（因关心）而担忧；介意，在乎 care for 照顾，照料；（常用于否定句和疑问句）喜欢 ‎ take care 当心，注意 ‎ take care of 照料，照顾；处理 carry vt. support the weight of (sb/sth) and take (him/it) from place to place ‎ 运载；传送；携带；担负 ‎ 词组 carry away 使失去自制力，使着迷，使忘情 ‎ carry on (it) 继续，坚持；从事，经营 ‎ carry ( it )out 执行，贯彻；实现 ‎ carry through （不顾困难等）完成；使度过困难（危险）‎ ‎ (newspaper) carry news (报刊)刊登新闻 case n. instance or example of the occurrence of sth 事例；案例；情况 词组 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 ‎ in case 假使，以防万一 ‎ in case of 假如，如果发生 ‎ in no case 无论如何也不，决不 ‎ in most cases 在大多数情况下 ‎ ‎ civil case 民事案件 ‎ a case in point 恰当的例子 例句 Take the umbrella, just in case. 带上伞，以防下雨。‎ ‎ Put down my address in case you forget. 写下我的地址万一你忘记。‎ ‎ In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 如遇火警，请按警铃。‎ ‎ In no case will I go with you. 我决不会跟你走。‎ He may be late, in which case we’d better wait.‎ 他或许迟到了，如果这样的话，我们最好等等。‎ ‎ ‎ cast v. throw (sth) esp. deliberately or with force 扔；投；抛 词组 cast away 丢掉 ‎ cast sb. into prison(=throw…into prison) 把…投进监狱 ‎ cast a shadow on 投下阴影 catch vt. capture sb/sth after a chase 赶上；抓住; understand 理解；感染；‎ ‎ (cause sth to) become fixed, stuck （使）钩住 词组 catch a bus/ train 赶上车 ‎ catch sb. smoking/ cheating 无意中抓住某人吸烟（作弊）‎ ‎ catch the last word 理解最后一句 ‎ catch a cold 感冒 ‎ be caught in the rain 被雨淋 ‎ be caught on a stone 被石头绊住 ‎ catch fire 着火 ‎ catch sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊 ‎ catch up with 赶上 ‎ be caught in the door 被门夹住 cause n. that which produces an effect; thing, event, person, etc that makes sth happen ‎ 原因，起因；‎ vt. aim, principle or movement that is strongly defended or supported n. 事业 ‎ 使产生，引起 词组 revolutionary cause 革命事业 ‎ the cause of the fire 火灾的起因 ‎ cause trouble 引起麻烦 ‎ cause and effect 因果关系 辨析 cause reason ‎ cause指造成一种事实或现象的“原因”，尤指自然原因或客观原因。‎ ‎ reason指说明一种看法或行为的“理由”，它往往是通过逻辑推理而得出的。‎ ‎ Give me your reasons for refusing to go there.告诉你拒绝去的理由。‎ ‎ Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter. 热是物体膨胀的原因。‎ cease v. / n. stop 停止 辨析 pause cease stop ‎ pause指行进间的暂停，间歇。‎ cease正式用语，指某种状态逐渐或突然终止，含不复存在之意。其后可接to do与doing形式，但其意义相同。‎ stop普通用语，指突然停止或使不动，接不定式表示停下来去做某事，接动名词表示停止正在做的事。‎ ‎ The old man paused to look around himself.老人停下来环顾了一下四周。‎ ‎ He ceased breathing.. 他停止了呼吸。‎ ‎ He stopped to see the traffic light. 他停下来看看红绿灯。‎ ceremony n. formal act or series of formal acts performed on a religious or public occasion ‎ 典礼；礼节，礼仪 结构 the opening ceremony 开幕式 ‎ the graduation ceremony 毕业典礼 ‎ Don’t stand on ceremony. 不必拘礼 certain adj. specific but not named or stated 某；sure beyond doubt 确实的，肯定的 ‎ 词组 be certain to do sth. = be sure to do sth. 肯定…‎ ‎ be certain of = be sure of/ about 对…确信，有把握 ‎ a certain = some 某个（后接单数名词）‎ ‎ It’s certain that … 肯定会…‎ ‎ for certain = for sure 确信地，确定地 ‎ with certainty 确信地 展开 certainly adv. 当然 certainty n. 当然 certificate n. official written or printed statement that may be used as proof or evidence of ‎ certain facts 证书；执照 辨析 certificate diploma license diploma常指经过一段时间的学习和培训而得到的官方学历证明，表示“文凭，毕业证书”‎ ‎ certificate指证明某人某种事实的证件，证书。‎ ‎ license 指执照，许可证。‎ ‎ a birth certificate 出生证 ‎ a marriage certificate 结婚证 ‎ a health certificate 健康证 ‎ a college diploma 大学文凭 ‎ a high school diploma 中学文凭 ‎ a diploma in computer 电脑文凭 ‎ a driving license 驾驶执照 chain n. (length of) connected metal links or rings, used for hauling or supporting weights or ‎ for fastening or restraining things 链条series of connected things 一连串，一系列；‎ group of shops or hotels owned by the same company联号，连锁店 词组 a chain of happenings 一连串事件 ‎ a fast-food chain 快餐连锁店 challenge n. invitation or call( to sb) to take part in a game, contest, fight etc to prove who is ‎ better, stronger, more able, etc )挑战，艰巨的任务 ‎ vt. invite sb. To do sth. ; question the truth; 向……挑战；对…质疑 ‎ ‎ vi. 提出挑战 词组 meet the challenge 迎接挑战 ‎ challenge the justice 质疑公正性 chance n. way in which things happen without any cause that can be seen or understood; luck; ‎ fortune 机会；可能性 词组 by chance 偶然，碰巧 ‎ by any chance 万一，也许 ‎ take a chance 冒险，投机 ‎ ‎ Chances are that… 很有可能…‎ ‎ one has a chance or opportunity to do sth. / of doing sth某人有机会（有可能）做某事 ‎ There is a chance/ some possibility that… 很有可能…‎ 辨析 chance possibility chance指偶然的，意料之外的机会，侧重无法推测的因素。它的后面可接不定式，介词短语及从句。‎ opportunity指符合人们希望和愿望的机会，含有利于实现抱负的意思。它的后面可接不定式与介词短语，但不能接从句。‎ ‎ chance 也可做“可能性”解，而opportunity不可。‎ ‎ I never miss a chance of playing basketball.‎ ‎ I had several opportunities to go abroad; but I gave up all.‎ ‎ There is a chance that the sick child will get recovered.‎ character n. mental or moral qualities that make a person, group, nation, etc different from others 品格；性格；person in a novel, play 角色 辨析 character characteristic nature personality feature ‎ character 表示“性格，品质”，指人格，品质，操守等，指道德方面的品质，如坚强，软弱等。它是不可数名词。‎ characteristic 表示“特色，特征”，指区别其他人或事物的独特的特征，可用于人，也可指物及抽象东西。它是可数名词。‎ nature 表示“本性，天性”，强调人或物的本质，有不可改变之意。它可做可数或不可数名词。‎ personality 表示“个性，为人”，是指某个特定人物的特性，侧重指社交方面及人与人的关系。它既是可数又是不可数名词。‎ ‎ feature 表示“相貌，特征”，还可做动词用，“为…之特色”。‎ ‎ He is a man of strong character. 性格坚强的人 ‎ character training 性格培养 ‎ Windy days are characteristic of March. 多风天气是三月的特点。‎ ‎ Cheerfulness is one of his characteristics. 快活是他的特性之一。‎ ‎ What they had done revealed their real nature. 他们做的揭示他们的真实本性。‎ ‎ The decoration of a room reflects the owner’s personality.‎ ‎ 房间的装饰能反映主人的个性。‎ ‎ a man with handsome features 一个相貌英俊的人 ‎ a film that features a new French actress.‎ 一部以一位法国新人女演员为特色的电影 展开 characteristic n. 特色，特征; adj. 特有的 charge n. price asked for goods or service 费用；act of putting amount of electricity put into a ‎ battery 充电；claim that a person has done wrong, esp. a formal claim that he has ‎ committed a crime控告 ‎ ‎ vt. as an amount as a price索价；put a charge into sth.充电；accuse sb. of sth.控告 词组 in charge of 负责，主管 ‎ in / under sb.’s charge = in /under the charge of sb.处于（某人）的管理（照看）之下 ‎ take charge of 开始管理，接管 ‎ free of charge 免费 ‎ charge sb. some money for sth. 向某人为某事收费多少 charge sb. with = accuse sb. of 指控某人犯有（…的罪行或过失）‎ Unit Five cheat vt. /n. act dishonestly or unfairly in order to win an advantage or profit ‎ 欺骗，作弊；骗子 词组 cheat sb. out of money 骗某人的钱 ‎ cheat in the exam 考试作弊 ‎ a complete cheat 一个十足的骗子 check v./n. make sure of sth by examining or investigating it 检查，核对 词组 check in （在旅馆，机场等）登记，报到 ‎ check out 结帐离去，办妥手续离去 ‎ check up (on) 检查，核实 ‎ in check 受抑制的，受控制的 choose v. pick out or select (sb/sth that one prefers on considers the best, most suitable, etc)‎ ‎ from a number of alternatives 选择 词组 take your choice 随你选 ‎ choose to do 愿意做某事，选择做某事 ‎ cannot choose but do 除了…别无选择 辨析 choose select choose 表示“挑选，选择，选举”，使用范围最广，指从众多的对象中挑选，这种挑选常取决于个人的意志与判断，不强调客观标准。它所选择的对象可以是不同种类的，可以是有形的或无形的。它带有最终选定的含义，即表示选定后不再变化。‎ select表示“挑选，精选”，语气比choose重，多用于正式场合。它指仔细地，审慎地精选，强调客观性，而不是主观性。它所挑选的对象可以是有形的或是无形的，但一定是同一种类的。‎ ‎ In the new store, there are several models to choose from.‎ ‎ He chose Mary for his wife.‎ ‎ You have to choose between life and death.‎ ‎ The best machines were selected and sent to the exhibition.‎ ‎ He selected a birthday present for his wife.‎ 展开 selections of works (选集)‎ choice n. 选择，挑选 circle vt. move in a circle, esp. in the air 环绕；圈出 ‎ vi. move in a circle 盘旋 n. ‎ curved line every point on which is the same distance from the centre圆；环状物；group of people who are connected by having the same interests, profession,etc.‎ 圈子，阶层 词组 circle the answer 圈出答案 ‎ circle the earth 绕着地球转 ‎ circle over the landing-field 在降落场上空盘旋 ‎ sit in a circle 围者圈子坐 ‎ a large circle of friends 一大群朋友 circumstance n. condition of fact connected with an event or action情况，情形；环境 词组 under the circumstances 在这种情况下，（情况）既然如此 ‎ under no circumstances 无论如何不，决不 civil adj. of or relating to the citizens of a country 公民的，国内的，文明的 词组 civil rights 公民权利 ‎ civil war 内战 ‎ civil society 公众社会 ‎ civil aviation 民航 ‎ civil life 平民生活 辨析 civil domestic native ‎ civil 见上 ‎ domestic 指“家务的；国产的，本国的”‎ ‎ native 指“出生地，本性的，本土的”‎ ‎ domestic appliances 家用器具 ‎ GDP = Gross Domestic Products 国民生产总值 ‎ domestic news 国内新闻 ‎ native ability 天生的能力 ‎ native speakers 说本族语的人 claim vt. demand or request (sth) because it is or one believes it is one’s right or one’s property （根据权利）要求；认领；‎ vi. state or declare (sth) as a fact (without being able to prove it) 声称, 提出要求；主张 ‎ n. statement of sth as a fact 要求；认领demand for a sum of money索赔,声称,断言 例句 Don’t claim to know what you don’t know. 不要不懂装懂。‎ ‎ A Canadian doctor claimed to have found a cure for SARS.‎ 一个加拿大医生声称已经找到非典的治愈办法。‎ ‎ Has anyone claimed this watch? 有人认领这块手表吗？‎ ‎ a claim for damage 损坏索赔 clear adj. easy to see through; free from obstruction 清楚的，清晰的；畅通无阻的 ‎ vt. remove sth. from 清扫，清除 词组 clear away 把…清除掉，收拾 ‎ clear off 离开，溜掉 ‎ clear out 清除，把…腾空；走开，赶出 ‎ clear up 澄清，解决；（天）放晴；清理 辨析 clear clean 做形容词时，clean指不含污物的（反: dirty肮脏的）；clear指干净透明的（反: muddy 浑浊的）。clean water干净的水，clear water 清澈的水。‎ ‎ 做动词时，clean 指除去尘埃或脏物；clear指收拾不要的东西。‎ ‎ clean the room 打扫房间 ‎ clear the table （饭后）收拾餐桌 climate n. regular pattern of weather conditions (temperature, rainfall, winds, etc) of a ‎ particular region 气候 辨析 climate weather ‎ weather指特定某日，某一地方的天气变化，为不可数名词。‎ ‎ climate 指一个地区长期的天气状况，气候，为可数名词。‎ ‎ We had fine weather that day. 那天天气很好。‎ ‎ The island has a warm climate 那个岛上气候温暖。‎ close v. (cause sth to) move so as to cover an opening; shut 关，闭 ‎ near in space and time adj. 接近的 词组 close to 在…的近旁；接近于 ‎ a close game 势均力敌的比赛 ‎ close friend 亲密朋友 ‎ close down 关闭，歇业 ‎ come close to sth./ doing 接近结束 combine vi. /vt. (cause things to )join or mix together to form a whole 结合，联合;使结合，‎ 使联合 辨析 combine connect join link ‎ combine“结合”，多用于抽象或无形的东西。‎ ‎ connect指紧密地“联系”，所联系的东西仍保持自己的特性。‎ ‎ join最普通用语 link除与connect, join含有相同的意思，表示“连接”外，还指用环状物等连接，也可用于比喻意义。‎ Combine enthusiasm with perseverance, and we will succeed.‎ ‎ 有了热情，再加上努力，我们就会成功。‎ ‎ The two towns are connected by a railway. 这两个镇有铁路连接。‎ ‎ Join an island to the mainland with a bridge. 用桥梁将岛和大陆连接。‎ ‎ Many people link the number 13 with bad luck.许多人把13 与不幸联系起来。‎ 展开 combined adj. 结合的 combination n. 组合，结合 come vi. move to, towards 来 词组 come about （尤指看似不可控制的事）发生 ‎ come across=bump into=knock into= 偶然发现（某物）；偶然遇到（某人）‎ ‎ meet with=run into=come upon 碰见（困难等）‎ come along 进展，进行；到来，出现；跟（某人）一起去，一起来 ‎ come down with 患…病 ‎ come into being/existence 开始存在，产生，形成 ‎ come into effect/force （法律，规章等）开始生效 ‎ come into use 开始投入使用 ‎ come into service 开始运营 come on ‎ （表示催促，鼓励，挑战，恳求等）来吧，快点，开始；来临；袭来；（剧，电影等）上演；‎ come out （消息，真实情况，秘密等）被揭露，传出；（结果等）被宣布；出版，发表；（其后通常接as引导的短语或从句）结果是；（品质等）显现，表露 come to 总数为，合计达；想出，想到，苏醒；达到（某种状态，情况）‎ ‎ come up 出现，发生；走上前来，走近；发芽 ‎ come up with 提出；提供（主意，建议，答案等）‎ command vt. (of sb in authority) tell (sb) that he must do sth; order 命令; be in control of 指挥；掌握；deserve and get (sth) 博得 n. control; authority 指挥，掌握 词组 have a good command of 精通，掌握 ‎ command one’s respect 博得尊敬 ‎ take command of 指挥，掌握 展开 commander n. 司令员，指挥官 commit vt. do (sth illegal, wrong or foolish ) 犯（错误，罪行），干（坏事）；‎ give or transfer sb/sth to (a state or place) for safe keeping, treatment etc.委托；提交 词组 commit…to 把…托付给，把…置于 ‎ commit oneself 使承担义务，使承诺 ‎ commit suicide 自杀 ‎ commit crime 犯罪 ‎ commit mistakes 犯错误 ‎ commit murder 谋杀 ‎ commit offence 冒犯，得罪 common adj. usual or familiar happening or found often and in many places ‎ 一般的，普通的；共同的，常见的；通常的 词组 common people=ordinary people 普通人 ‎ common knowledge=common sense 常识 ‎ common disease 常见病 ‎ common interest 共同的兴趣 ‎ seek the common ground 求同 ‎ common language 共同的语言 ‎ have sth. in common 有共同之处 辨析 ordinary common general usual normal ‎ ordinary指人或事物和普通的没有两样，因而显得平常，随处可见。‎ ‎ common指许多事物或许多人都有的，平淡无奇。‎ ‎ general 指较少例外。比common更普及，大众化。‎ ‎ usual指由于时间长而形成的，习惯的，通常的。‎ ‎ normal 强调“正常的”‎ ‎ The mark shows that he is an ordinary student.成绩表明他是一个普通学生 ‎ Snow is common in North China. 雪在中国北方很常见。‎ ‎ It’s a matter of general interest. 这是一件普遍感兴趣的事情。‎ ‎ We’ll meet at the usual time. 我们按老时间见面。‎ ‎ ordinary-looking 相貌普通的 ‎ normal people 正常人 ‎ normal temperature 体温正常 communicate v. exchange information, news, ideas, etc.通讯，交流; ‎ pass on sth; transmit sth传播 词组 communicate with 与…交流 ‎ communicate one’s idea/feeling/ 把观点/感情/知识/消息传达给某人 knowledge/news to sb.‎ 展开 communication n. 传播；交流，交际 company n. group of people united for business or commercial purposes 公司；商号；‎ being together with another or others 陪伴 词组 in sb.’s company 和某人一道 ‎ keep sb. company 给某人做伴 ‎ for company 陪伴，做伴 例句 I don’t want to see a boy of mine in their company.‎ ‎ He stayed at home to keep his wife company.‎ ‎ As the journey was a long one, I took a friend with me for company.‎ 展开 companion n. 伴侣，同伴 compare vt. examine people or things to see how they are alike and how they are different ‎ 辨析，对照 词组 compare sb./sth. with 与…相比较 ‎ compare sb./ sth. to 把…比做；与…相比 ‎ compare with 可与…相比，可与…匹敌 ‎ compared with/ to =in comparison with 与…相比；和…比起来 ‎ be comparable to/with 可辨析的，比得上的 ‎ beyond compare 无与伦比 ‎ No one is comparable to her in beauty.‎ ‎ She is pretty beyond compare.‎ ‎ Books can be compared to friends.‎ ‎ Compared with our small apartment, our uncle’s house seemed like a palace.‎ ‎ He can’t compare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies.‎ 展开 comparison n. 辨析 comparative adj. 相辨析而言的，相对的 comparable adj. 可辨析的，类似的；比得上的 compete v. try to win sth by defeating others who are trying to do the same 竞赛，竞争 词组 compete against 和…（竞）赛 ‎ compete for （和…）争夺，比赛…夺取 ‎ compete with 和…竞争，竞赛 展开 competition n. 竞争，比赛 competitive adj. 竞争性的，比赛的；喜欢竞争的 competitor n. 参加竞赛者，竞争者 competent adj. 胜任，称职，有能力做某事 competency n. 胜任，能力 complain vi say that one is dissatisfied, unhappy, etc 抱怨；发牢骚 ‎ vt. 抱怨，诉说 词组 complain to sb. of / about sth.= 向某人抱怨某事 ‎ make complaints to sb. of /about sth.‎ 展开 complaint n. 抱怨 complex adj. made up of( usu. several) closely connected parts 组合的，复杂的 辨析 complex 指“许多简单部分合成的”‎ ‎ complicated指“许多部分互相纠合，难懂，难解”‎ ‎ complex sentence 复合句 ‎ complicated questions 复杂的问题 展开 complicated adj. 复杂的 compliment n. /v. expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc.赞美 词组 pay a compliment to sb. on sth. 赞美某人 ‎ compliment sb. on / for sth. 赞美某人某事 ‎ receive / gain /win compliment from sb. 赢得…的赞美 compose vt. (of parts or elements of sth) form ( a whole); constitute 组成，构成；‎ ‎ write (music, opera, etc) 创作（乐曲，诗歌等）‎ ‎ vi. 创作，作曲 词组 be composed of = be made up of = consist of由…组成 ‎ compose a poem 作诗 ‎ compose a novel 写小说 展开 composer n. 作曲家 composition n. 作文；乐曲 conceal vt. keep sth/ sb from being seen or known about; hide sth/ sb 隐藏；隐瞒；掩盖（与hide同义，但conceal更正式，语气较强）‎ 词组 conceal sth. from sb. 向某人隐藏某事 concentrate v. focus (one’s attention, effort, etc) exclusively and intensely on sth, not ‎ thinking about other less important things 集中，专心 词组 concentrate on=focus on = be absorbed in 全神贯注于 ‎ concentrate/focus one’s attention /mind/ energy on集中注意力/精力于 ‎ concentration camp 集中营 辨析 concentrate focus ‎ concentrate其宾语可以是具体的东西或抽象的东西。‎ focus指“光线集中到一个焦点上”，其引申意义与concentrate大致相同，但一般不同具体事物构成宾语。‎ 展开 concentration n. 专心；集中（注意力）‎ concern n. thing that is important or interesting to sb.有关的事；worry, anxiety关心 ‎ vt. 1. be the business of (sb)与…有关；‎ ‎2. worry or trouble (sb) 使关心；使担心 ‎ vi. 关心；担心；忧虑 词组 show concern for 对…表示关心 ‎ be concerned about/ for 担心的，烦恼的，忧虑的 ‎ as far as sth./ sb. be concerned 就…来说；就…而论 ‎ be concerned with 关于，与…有关 ‎ concern one’s health 挂念某人的身体 展开 concerning prep. 关于 ‎ concerned adj. 担心的; 烦恼的 ‎ conclude v. come or bring (sth) to an end 结束，终结;‎ come to believe sth as a result of reasoning 推断 词组 form/ draw/ come to/ arrive at/ reach a conclusion 得出结论 展开 conclusion n. 结论 condition n. present state of thing 环境；状况；条件 词组 on condition that 如果 ‎ out of condition 健康不佳 ‎ under favorable conditions 在有利的形势下 ‎ living conditions 生活环境 ‎ working conditions 工作条件 ‎ weather conditions 天气状况 展开 conditions n. 环境，形势 conduct vt. control; manage 管理，处理；direct the performance of ( an orchestra, a choir, a ‎ piece of music ) 进行；指挥；(of a substance) allow (heat, electric current, etc) to pass along or through it 传导（热，电）‎ ‎ n. person’s behavior 举止，行为 词组 conduct oneself （行为）表现 ‎ conduct a meeting 主持会议 ‎ conduct a survey 进行研究，调查 ‎ conduct a class 管理一个班级 ‎ conduct heat 导热 ‎ conduct electricity 导电 ‎ the rules of conduct 行为准则 ‎ conduct an orchestra 指挥乐队 展开 conductor n. 乐队指挥；售票员 confidence n. firm trust (in sb, in sb.’s ability, or in what is said, reported, etc ) 信任，信心 词组 have confidence in 对…有信心 ‎ lack confidence 缺乏信心 ‎ be confident of = be sure of 自信的，有信心的，有把握的 展开 confident adj. 有信心的，自信的 conflict vi. struggle; serious disagreement; argument; controversy 争论；战斗；冲突 ‎ n. struggle, fight 冲突 词组 armed conflict 武装冲突 ‎ Our accounts conflict. 我们的报道不一致 confuse vt. make (sb) unable to think clearly; puzzle; bewilder 使混乱，使困惑 词组 confuse sth. with 混淆，弄乱 ‎ be a confusion of 是一片混乱的 ‎ in confusion 乱，处于混乱状态 展开 confusing adj. 令人困惑的，使人糊涂的 confusion n. 混乱，紊乱；无秩序 congratulate vt. tell sb that one is pleased about his good fortune or achievements祝贺 词组 congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 ‎ Congratulations on your success! 祝贺你成功！‎ 展开 congratulation n. 祝贺（经常用做复数）‎ conscience n. person’s awareness of right and wrong with regard to his own thoughts and ‎ actions 良心 词组 a clear conscience 无愧于心 ‎ in (all/ good) conscience 凭良心，公平地 congress n. formal meeting or series of meetings for discussion between representatives ‎ 代表大会；国会，议会 词组 the National People’s Congress 全国人民代表大会 辨析 congress council assembly ‎ congress 常指正式的评议或立法机构。the United States Congress美国国会 council可以指有很多国家代表参加的国际会议。the UN Security Council联合国安理会；也可指国家或地区任命的顾问委员会或行政机构。the State Council （中国）国务院，the Council of Ministers内阁。‎ assembly专指多人的集会，并多是指按照计划召开的会议。the General Assembly 联合国大会；在一些国家还专用于立法机关或代表委员会，French National Assembly法国国民会议。‎ conquer vt. take possession of (sth) by force 征服，战胜 辨析 conquer defeat overcome ‎ conquer 强调“攻克，战胜”，常指用武力控制或打败另一方。‎ ‎ defeat 含义广泛，可以是任何意义上的战胜，打败对方，多指暂时性的。‎ ‎ overcome 多用于战胜抽象的事物，即用意志和精神改变现状或战胜对方。‎ ‎ conquer nature 战胜自然 ‎ The hard work conquered me. 这困难的工作难住了我。‎ ‎ Some countries may be defeated but never be conquered.‎ ‎ 有些国家可能会被打败，但永远不会被征服。‎ ‎ Germany conquered France during World War II.二战期间德国占领了法国。‎ ‎ The visiting team defeated the host team. 客队击败了主队。‎ ‎ be overcome by fear. 被吓破胆 ‎ We were overcome with joy. 喜出望外 ‎ over obstacles 克服障碍 conscious adj. knowing what is going on around one because one is able to use bodily senses ‎ and mental powers 意识到的，神志清醒的 词组 be conscious of = be aware of 意识到的，知道的 展开 consciousness n. 意识 subconscious adj. 潜意识的 consequence n. thing that is a result of an effect of sth else 结果，后果；重要性 词组 in consequence 因此，结果 ‎ as/ in a consequence of 由于，因为…的缘故 展开 consequent adj. 作为结果（或后果）的，随之发生的 consequently adv. 所以，因此 consider vt. think about; regard as考虑, 深思熟虑；认为 结构1 consider + n./doing ； consider + wh- ‎ 例句 We considered his proposal carefully. 我们仔细考虑了他的提议。‎ ‎ Jason is considering studying abroad. 杰森在考虑出国留学。‎ We are considering how we should get him out of trouble.‎ 我们正在考虑如何帮他脱离困境。‎ 结构2 consider + n. + (to be) n./adj. 认为, 将…视为； consider + that…考虑到, 顾及 例句 I consider Julie (to be) my best friend. 我把朱丽视作最好的朋友。‎ ‎ She considers it impolite to talk while eating. ‎ 她认为边吃饭边说话是不礼貌的。‎ ‎ He considered (that) his friend’s words were false. 他认为朋友的话是错的。‎ ‎ ‎ 结构3 consider + n. 考虑； Considering + n./that… 考虑到 例句 Everybody should consider the feelings of others. ‎ 每个人都应该考虑别人的感受。‎ Considering that he is only fifteen, the pianist plays amazingly well.‎ ‎ 尽管他才十五岁，这个钢琴手弹得非常好了。‎ ‎ 辨析 considering 考虑到(尽管) considered 被认为 He is still very strong, considering his age. ‎ 考虑到他的年龄，他还是十分强壮的。‎ ‎ Considered (to be) a coward, he felt nothing but sad.‎ ‎ 他被认为是个胆小鬼，感到非常伤心。‎ 展开 all things considered 全盘考虑之后, 综观一切 think of all possibilities ‎ All things considered, this plan will work perfectly.‎ ‎ 全盘考虑之后，这个计划将非常有效。‎ considerable adj. (数量, 程度等)可观的, 相当的 great, much ‎ The expense on the exhibition is considerable. 展览会的费用很可观。‎ considerate adj. 体贴的 thoughtful of the needs of others consider + of/to/toward + n.‎ ‎ He is considerate of/to/toward old people. 他对老年人很体贴。‎ ‎ It is considerate of sb. to do…‎ ‎ It is considerate of him to send me the Christmas card. ‎ 他给我寄了圣诞卡，真是考虑很周到。‎ consideration n. [u] 考虑, 深思 thinking about ‎ After much consideration he decided to quit this job.‎ ‎ 深思熟虑之后，他决定辞职。‎ ‎ be under consideration = being considered Don’t worry. Your suggestion is under consideration.‎ ‎ 不用担心，你的建议我们正在考虑。‎ ‎ show consideration for = care about 体谅, 顾虑 ‎ ‎ The old couple showed great consideration for their grandsons.‎ ‎ 老年人对他们的孙子很关心。‎ ‎ take something into consideration = take something into account 考虑到…; 斟酌 ‎ We must take the weather into consideration first when going on a picnic.‎ ‎ 去野餐之前我们必须先考虑天气。‎ consist vi. be made up of由…组成, 构成 词组 consist of (= be made up of/be composed of)‎ ‎ This set of books consists mainly of six illustrated comic series.‎ ‎ 这套书主要由六本漫画系列组成。‎ 辨析 consist, be made up of, be composed of 构成, 组成 include 包括, 包含, 指包含内容的一部分 ‎ contain 容纳, 含有, 指包含整个内容 辨析下面句子:‎ ‎ Your duties will include putting the children to bed. 你的职责包括帮孩子们上床。‎ ‎ The singing group is composed of over 50 members. 这个合唱团由50个成员组成。‎ ‎ This hall will contain 2000 people. 这个大厅可以容纳两千人。‎ constant adj. unchanging 固定的, 不变的；going all the time连续不断的, 持续的 ‎ 例句 The weather has been constant this week. 本周天气一直很稳定。‎ I can’t bear the constant noise of traffic. 我无法忍受持续的交通噪音。‎ 展开 constantly adv. continuously, frequently 不断地, 反复地, 经常地 ‎ ‎ She is constantly changing her mind. 她经常改变主意。‎ construction n. [u] being built建造, 建设；[c] building建筑物 ‎ 词组 be under construction 在建造中 例句 The bridge is under construction. 这座大桥正在建设中。‎ The construction of the new airport took 7 years. 新机场的建设花了七年。‎ The new gallery is an unusual construction. 新的美术馆建筑很不同寻常。‎ 展开 destruction (反义词) making useless, breaking to pieces 破坏, 毁灭 ‎ ‎ construct v. build 建设, 建筑 ‎ ‎ constructive adj. helping, giving helpful suggestions建设性的, 结构上的 ‎ Thank you for your constructive suggestion. 谢谢你建设性的建议。‎ ‎ destructive (反义词) 破坏性的 causing destruction ‎ constructively adv. 建设性地 consume vt. use up消费…, 耗尽 辨析 consumer 指消费者, 与producer相对 ‎ customer 顾客, 指具体商店的主顾 展开 consumer n. 消费者 person who use goods contact n. touching or communication接触, 交往, 联系 ‎ vt. communicate (用电话、传话等)联络, 与…接触 词组 be/get in contact with 与…联系 get in touch with ‎ keep in contact with 与…保持联系 keep in touch with ‎ ‎ contact lens 隐形眼镜 例句 I’ve been trying to get in contact with you since yesterday.‎ ‎ 从昨天开始我就试着和你联络了。‎ contain vt. capable of holding; keep feelings under control包含, 能容纳; 抑制(感情等)‎ 例句 This box is perfect to contain the child’s toys. 这只盒子装孩子的玩具非常合适。‎ ‎ How much water does this bottle contain? 这只瓶子可以装多少水？‎ ‎ He could hardly contain his anger/himself. 他几乎不能控制怒火/自己 辨析 contain 表示包含整个内容 ‎ include 表示包含其中一部分 ‎ 辨析下列句子:‎ ‎ The box contained a dictionary. 那盒子里装的是一本词典 ‎ The box included a dictionary. 那盒子里(也)包括了一本词典 展开 container n. 容器; 集装箱 ‎ content n. things contained in sth含量, 容量; (常用复数) 内容; 目录; 容纳的东西 adj. satisfied; willing to do满足的, 甘心的 例句 The sugar content of juice is no less than normally considered.‎ ‎ 果汁中的含糖量不少于一般人所认为的含量。‎ ‎ I couldn’t understand the contents of his speech. 我无法理解他的讲话内容。‎ Are you content with your new secretary? 你对你的新秘书满意吗？‎ ‎ He was content just to sit in front of the television all day.‎ ‎ 他满足于整天坐在电视机前。‎ contest n. competition比赛, 竞争 词组 a speech contest 演讲比赛 展开 归纳 –ant 为后缀的名词, 指人 ‎ applicant 申请者, 应征者 ‎ assistant 助手 ‎ participant 参加者, 参与者 contestant n. 角逐者, (比赛的)参加者 ‎ continue v. go on继续, 持续 ‎ 结构 continue + doing/to do 继续做…‎ To be continued. 未完待续 辨析 continual 指中间有间断的, 反复的, 好象没有停止的意味 ‎ continuous 指中间没有间断, 但一段时间后会停止下来 ‎ 辨析下列用法: continual rain 不停的雨 continual complaints 反复的抱怨 ‎ The plane is capable of two days’ continuous flight. 这架飞机能持续飞行两天。(这里不能用continual, 因为飞行不能中断)‎ 展开 continuous adj. 继续的, 连续的 going on without a break ‎ continual adj. 频繁的, 反复发生的 going on with short breaks contrary adj. opposite; unfavourable相反的, 反对的 ‎ n. the opposite相反, 反而 词组 be contrary to 正相反 ‎ Contrary to… 与…恰恰相反, 违反 ‎ on the contrary, … 相反地, 正相反; 反之(指与前文相反)‎ 例句 My opinion is contrary to yours. 我的想法和你的相反。‎ ‎ Contrary to the doctor’s advice, he kept smoking. ‎ 和医生的意见相反，他继续抽烟。‎ ‎ We thought the test would be difficult. On the contrary, it’s so easy.‎ ‎ 我们认为测试会很难。恰恰相反，测试很容易。‎ contrast n. comparison of differences对比, 对照; 不同, 差异 词组 in contrast to 与…相对照 ‎ by contrast (with) 与…成对照 例句 In contrast to the city life, time seemed to pass slowly in the country.‎ ‎ 和城市生活相对照，乡村里的时间似乎过得很慢。‎ ‎ By contrast with Maggie’s marks, Tom’s marks were excellent. ‎ 与麦琪比起来, 汤姆的成绩算是上乘的了。‎ Her gracious behavior was a great contrast to her sister’s. ‎ 她和蔼的表现和她姐姐形成鲜明的对比。‎ contribute v. help by giving money, idea, suggestions, etc. 捐助，贡献 词组 contribute + n.+ to + n. 向…捐款/提供；‎ ‎ contribute to + n. 对…有贡献, 有助于, 成为…的原因之一 例句 He contributed 5000 dollars to the hospital. 他捐了五千元钱给医院。‎ ‎ Max contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion. ‎ 马科斯为讨论出了很多好点子。‎ ‎ A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. ‎ 合理的运动量有助于健康。‎ 展开 contribution n. [u] 捐助 act of contributing [c] 捐献的钱物 sth contributed ‎ ‎ give contribution to 捐献 ‎ I gave a ten-dollar contribution to the church every Sunday.‎ ‎ 我每个周日捐给教堂十美元。‎ ‎ make contribution to 贡献 ‎ He has made great contributions to the city development. ‎ 他为城市发展做出了巨大的贡献。‎ Unit Six ‎ control n. [u] power or authority to order支配力, 管制, 控制 [c] (用复数) 控制器 ‎ vt. (controlled, controlled, controlling) have power over支配, 控制, 克制, 抑制 词组 have control over 能够控制 have power over ‎ beyond control 无法控制 lose power ‎ lose control of 无法控制, 失去控制 lose power of ‎ out of control 不受控制 lose power ‎ ‎ under control 受控制 have power 例句 The teacher has no control over the student. 那位老师管不住学生。‎ ‎ The team is already beyond the captain’s control. ‎ 那个队已经不受队长的控制了。‎ ‎ He lost control of his temper. 他发火了。‎ ‎ The fire got out of control. 火势超出了控制。‎ ‎ The fire was finally brought under control. 火势终于被控制住。‎ convenience n. [u] freedom from difficulty or worry方便, 适宜 ‎ [c] useful or helpful appliance or arrangement便利的事物 ‎ It is a convenience to live near the station. 住在车站附近很方便。‎ 词组 at your convenience 在你方便的时候 ‎ for the convenience of somebody 为了方便某人 ‎ for convenience’s sake 为了方便起见 例句 Come to my place at your earliest convenience. 请尽早来我处。‎ ‎ More stores have a delivery service for the convenience of customers.‎ ‎ 为了方便顾客，更多的商店提供配送服务。‎ ‎ Put the tag on for convenience’s sake. 为了方便起见，请贴上标签。‎ 展开 convenience food 方便食品 ‎ convenience store 便利商店 ‎ convenient adj. 方便的，便利的 ‎ ‎ it is convenient to/for sb …‎ ‎ If it is convenient to you, would you please come at ‎2 p.m.‎?‎ ‎ 如果方便的话，请下午两点来。‎ ‎ it is convenient for sb. to do …‎ ‎ It is most convenient for us to meet at the school gate.‎ ‎ 在校门口集合最方便。‎ ‎ (反义词) inconvenient adj. 不方便的 cook v. prepare food by heating煮, 烹调 ‎ n. person who cooks food厨师 例句 Too many cooks spoil the broth. 人多手杂 展开 cooker n. 炊具 cooking n. [u] 烹调法 ‎ do the cooking 烹调 cooperate v. work or act together for common purpose合作 词组 cooperate with 与…合作 ‎ ‎ cooperate to do 协力做…‎ 例句 Marco is difficult to cooperate with, because he takes ages to make decisions.‎ ‎ 马可很难合作，因为他做决定要花很长时间。‎ ‎ All of the class cooperated to perform in the contest. ‎ 全班同学都在竞赛中尽力合作。‎ 展开 cooperation n. 合作 ‎ ‎ in cooperation with 与…合作 ‎ cooperative adj. 合作的, 愿意合作的 ‎ cooperator n. 合作者 ‎ corner n. angle where two lines, walls or sides meet角, 转角 ‎ vt. put into difficult position把…逼得走投无路, 逼入困境 例句 The dog cornered the rabbit into the barn. 狗把兔子逼到了谷仓中。‎ 辨析 in the corner 在内角, 一隅 ‎ at the corner 在外角, 常指物体在街角处, 侧重地点 ‎ on the corner 在外角, 常指构成角的部分, 有时也可用at ‎ 辨析下列句子:‎ ‎ She is sitting at the table in the corner of the snack bar. 她坐在餐厅角落的桌边。‎ ‎ She is waiting at the corner of the street. 她在街角等。‎ ‎ There is a hair-salon on/at the corner. 街角上有个美发院。‎ cost n. price paid for sth代价，费用，（常用复数costs）成本 ‎ v. (cost, cost, costing) 花费(金额、费用), 花费(时间、劳力), 付代价 (不可用被动语态)‎ 词组 at the cost of… 以…的代价 = at the loss of ‎ at all costs = at any cost 不惜代价, 无论如何 = whatever the cost may be cost of living 生活费 ‎ ‎ it costs sb … to do … 做某事花费某人……‎ 例句 Does the price cover the production costs of these goods? ‎ 价格包括货物的制造成本吗？‎ ‎ The jacket cost 150 dollars. 这件外套值150元。‎ ‎ Careless driving will cost you your life. 不小心驾驶会让你付出生命的代价。‎ ‎ He saved the baby at the cost of his life. 他付出生命拯救了那个孩子。‎ ‎ We should promote the project at all costs. 我们应该不惜任何代价推行这个项目。‎ ‎ It will cost me 500 dollars to repair the car. 修这辆车要花去我500元。‎ count vt. say the number in order; find the total number of记数，清点 词组 count down 倒计时 count backwards in seconds to zero ‎ count on 指望，仰赖 = rely on 例句 We were a party of twenty, counting our teacher. 算上老师，我们是个20人的小组。 ‎ Can I count on your help? = Can I count on you to help me? 我能指望你的帮助吗？‎ country n. [c] land occupied by a nation国家，故国 词组 the country 乡下 ‎ country 作定语，表示乡下的 ‎ country life 田园生活 ‎ country music 乡村音乐 couple n. two persons or things associated一对，一双，一对夫妇 词组 a couple of 两个(= two)；几个(= a few)‎ ‎ I have a couple of questions to ask. 我有几个问题要问。‎ ‎ The young couple seems to be happy. （多视为单数）这对年轻夫妇似乎很快乐 courage n.[u] bravery勇气，胆量 词组 get up/screw up/summon up one’s courage 鼓起勇气 ‎ lose one’s courage 丧失勇气 ‎ recover/regain one’s courage 恢复勇气 例句 He is a man of courage. 他是个有勇气的人。‎ ‎ He has the courage to sail around the world. 他有胆量驾船环游世界。‎ ‎ It took great courage for me to warn the man not to smoke on the bus.‎ ‎ 我鼓足勇气警告那个人不要在公共汽车上抽烟。‎ 展开 courageous adj. 勇敢的 ‎ ‎ He is courageous enough to tell the truth. 他有足够的勇气说出真相。‎ ‎ It is courageous of you to argue with him. 你和他争辩真是很勇敢。‎ ‎ encourage v. 鼓励 ‎ ‎ encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 course n. process; one of the parts of meal过程; 课程; 一道菜 词组 during/in the course of 在…的过程中 = during of course 当然, 自然 例句 During the course of the day, we visited a lot of places. ‎ 在白天的过程中，我们参观了许多地方。‎ court n. space of certain games; place where law-cases are held球场; 法院 辨析 court 指网球、篮球、排球、羽毛球等(室内运动)的场地 ‎ field 指足球、棒球、垒球等(室外运动)的场地 ‎ course 指高尔夫球的场地 cover v. place over the surface of; include; extend over覆盖, 遮盖; 扩及, 延展 ‎ n. thing that wraps; lid; wrapper or envelope覆盖物, 盖子, 封皮 词组 cover sth. with sth. else 用某物覆盖 ‎ from cover to cover (书)自第一页到最后一页, 从头至尾 ‎ under cover 秘密地, 被掩护的 = sheltered, kept secret 例句 She tried to cover her mistake. 她想隐瞒自己的错误 ‎ This report covered all aspects of the problem. 他的报告涵盖了这个问题的所有层面 ‎ The girl covered 1000 meters in less then 4 minutes. 这女孩在4分钟内跑完‎1000米 She covered her little daughter’s ears with her hands. 她用手捂住女儿的耳朵。‎ ‎ The desk is covered with dust. 书桌上覆盖着一层灰。‎ ‎ The whole story is kept well under cover. 整个的故事都被掩盖了。‎ crash n. violent fall or breaking相撞; 坠毁; 惊人的响声 ‎ v. fall or strike suddenly, violently and noisily坠毁; 哗啦一声地碰撞 例句 All the passengers were killed in the plane/air crash. 所有的乘客都在空难中丧生了。‎ ‎ The books fell with a great crash. 书哗啦一声倒了下来 ‎ He crashed his car into the wall. 他车子撞到了墙壁 ‎ crash landing (飞机)紧急迫降 = (plane) land out of control ‎ a stock market crash 股市崩盘 = collapse in finance crazy adj. wildly excited, enthusiastic; suffering from mental disorder疯狂的, 为…狂热的 词组 It is crazy of sb. to do…真是疯狂 ‎ be crazy about 疯狂地爱上 例句 It is crazy of you to buy such a car. = You are crazy to buy such a car.‎ ‎ 你买这样的汽车真是疯狂。‎ ‎ Quite a lot of girls are crazy about the singer. 许多女孩对这个歌星很着迷。‎ 展开 craze n. 狂热, 风尚 enthusiastic interest that last for a short time ‎ They are making big money from the current craze for skiing in Shanghai.‎ ‎ 他们在上海近来对滑雪的狂热中挣到了大钱。‎ crew n. all the persons working on a ship, aircraft, etc（船、火车、飞机上的）全体工作人员 ‎ 辨析 归纳 crew, group, staff, group, family, police, team, committee等表示全体人员的词，要注意动词的单复数词组。当表示全体人员整体的时候，动词用单数；当表示人员中各个成员时，动词用复数。‎ ‎ 试辨析：The crew of the airplane are preparing for the next flight now. (个人)‎ ‎ 飞机的机组成员正在为下一次的飞行做准备。‎ ‎ The crew of this plane is large. (整体) 飞机的机组很庞大。‎ crime n. serious breaking of law罪，犯罪行为 词组 commit/do a crime 犯罪 展开 criminal n. 罪犯 ‎ ‎ adj. 犯罪的，犯法的 ‎ criticize vt. judge with disapproval 批评，评论 例句 He is always criticizing his friends for being selfish. 他总是在批评他的朋友自私。‎ 展开 criticism n. 批评，评论 unfavorable judgment or expression of disapproval ‎ critical adj. 评论的；吹毛求疵的；危急的，决定性的 giving a careful judgment ‎ a matter of critical importance 非常重要的问题 ‎ He is now in critical condition. 他现在病况危急。‎ ‎ The teacher is too critical of his students. 那老师对学生太过严苛。‎ ‎ critic n. 评论家 ‎ cross n. a mark of “x” or “+” 十字形 ‎ v. to go, pass or reach across something穿过，越过，交叉；（划横线）删掉 词组 cross the street 穿过马路 ‎ cross … off/out 删掉 ‎ cross talk 相声，滑稽对白 ‎ ‎ the Red Cross 红十字会 ‎ 展开 crossroads n. 十字路口 ‎ ‎ crossword n. 纵横字谜 ‎ crowd n. a large number of people gathered together人群 ‎ v. come together in large numbers拥挤，群集 例句 People crowded the street. 街上都是人。‎ ‎ The bus was crowded with students. 公交车上挤满了学生。‎ ‎ ‎ cruel adj. causing pain and suffering; very unkind残忍的，残酷的 例句 He is cruel to his dog. 他对待他的狗很残忍。‎ ‎ It is cruel of you to bully your friends like that. 你如此欺负朋友真是残忍。‎ 展开 cruelty n. 残忍 ‎ cultivate v. to plant and grow a crop; to improve or develop by training耕作，培植，培养 例句 He is trying to cultivate her mind by reading. 他以读书陶冶心性。‎ 展开 cultivation n. 栽培；修养 ‎ ‎ cultivated adj. 被耕作的；有教养的 ‎ culture n. the customs and human thoughts made at a particular time文化 [u] 文明 ‎ 词组 develop a culture 发展文化 ‎ culture shock 文化冲击 ‎ 展开 cultural adj. 文化的 ‎ ‎ cultural studies 人文研究 ‎ cultural exchange 文化交流 ‎ cross-cultural 文化交叉，文化融合 cure n. return to health after illness; a course of medical treatment治疗，治疗法 ‎ v. bring health to a person who is ill治疗 例句 An effective cure for cancer has not yet been found. 还没有找到治疗癌症的有效方法。‎ ‎ This medicine will cure your headache. 这种药可以治疗你的头疼。‎ ‎ Moving to the country cured her of the bad habits. 搬到乡村使她改掉了坏习惯。‎ 辨析 cure 强调治愈，treat强调治疗的过程 ‎ 辨析下列句子：This medicine will cure soon. 这个药很快能其效。‎ ‎ They treated him with a new drug but it didn’t work.‎ ‎ 他们用一种新药治疗他的疾病，但没有效果。‎ curious adj. eager to know or learn something unfamiliar好奇的；奇异的 例句 Children are naturally curious about everything. 孩子对每件事物总是天生很好奇。‎ ‎ I’m curious to know what is written in his new report. ‎ 我很好奇想知道他的新报告中写了些什么。‎ ‎ I’m curious how he will do it. 我很好奇他会怎么做。‎ ‎ It is curious that he should have failed the test. 他测试不及格真是很奇怪。‎ 展开 curiously adv. 好奇地 ‎ ‎ curiosity n. 好奇心 ‎ current n. a continuously moving mass of liquid or electricity水流，洋流；电流；趋势，潮流 adj. (more current, most current) belonging to the present time通用的，现时的 词组 current money 通货 ‎ ‎ current affairs 时事 ‎ ‎ the current issue of a magazine 本期杂志 展开 currently adv. 目前 ‎ currency n. 货币，流通，普及 ‎ custom n. habitual practice of a society习惯，风俗 词组 break a custom 破坏习俗 ‎ establish a custom 树立习俗 ‎ keep up a custom 遵从习俗 例句 It is the custom for the Japanese to take off their shoes when getting into a hall.‎ ‎ 进门脱鞋是日本人的习俗。‎ 展开 the customs 海关 ‎ customer n. a person who buys goods or services from a shop or business顾客 ‎ 辨析 customer 指买东西的顾客 ‎ client 指银行、律师等的客户 ‎ guest 指旅馆的旅客 ‎ passenger 指乘客 cut (cut, cut, cutting) v. remove something with a sharp instrument切，割，削减 ‎ n. the result of cutting切，割伤，削减 词组 cut through/across 穿越，抄近道 ‎ ‎ cut down 砍倒，砍伐；减少……的量，缩减 ‎ ‎ cut down on 减少…… ‎ ‎ cut in (vi.) 插嘴，插队 ‎ ‎ cut off 切断, 砍掉 ‎ 例句 The path cuts through the forest. 这条小路穿过森林。‎ ‎ He cut the dead tree down. 他砍倒了枯树。‎ ‎ We cut down our expenses to 2,000 yuan per month. ‎ 我们每月把花费削减到了2000元。‎ ‎ If you want to lose weight, cut down on sweet things you eat.‎ ‎ 如果你想减肥，就减少吃甜食。‎ ‎ The village was cut off by the heavy snow. ‎ 这个村庄被大雪切断了与外界的联系。‎ daily adj. every day每天的，日常的 ‎ n. newspaper printed every day日报 词组 daily life 日常生活 展开 归纳 weekly 每周一次的，周刊 every week ‎ monthly 每月一次的，月刊 every month ‎ yearly 一年一次的 every year damage n. spoiling of something and the loss that results损害，损坏 v. cause damage to加害于，损伤 词组 cause/do damage to 使……受到伤害 例句 The bridge was badly damaged by the flood. 大桥被洪水严重损毁。‎ danger n. the possibility of harm or loss危险 词组 in danger 在危险中 ‎ out of danger 脱离险境 ‎ 例句 He was sick and in danger of losing his life. ‎ 他病了，处于失去生命的危险之中。‎ 展开 dangerous adj. 危险的 （反义词：safe）‎ ‎ It is dangerous to swim in this river. = This river is dangerous to swim in.‎ ‎ 在这条河里游泳很危险 ‎ 辨析 He is in danger. 他身处险境。‎ ‎ He is dangerous. 他是危险人物。‎ ‎ 辨析 danger 危险 dangerous 危险的，指可能引起危险的事物或人 ‎ risk 风险 risky 有风险的，指有危险的行为、事情或活动 ‎ dangerous situation/climbing/journey/operation/road/person/book/heart-attack ‎ risky situation/climbing/journey/operation date n. the number of the day日期 ‎ v. decide the date of; write the date on; arrange to meet记载日期；约会 词组 out of date 过时的 ‎ ‎ up to date 最新式的，最新的 ‎ to date 至今为止 = so far ‎ date from 回溯 ‎ ‎ date back to 回溯到……年代 = date from ‎ break a date 爽约 ‎ have a date with 与……约会 例句 Be sure to date your letters. 不要忘了在信上写上日期。‎ ‎ We are unable to date the fossil. 我们无法确定化石的年代。‎ This custom dates from the 12th century. 这种风俗可以回溯到12世纪。‎ ‎ This building dates back to 1812. 这栋建筑是1812年所建。‎ 展开 dated adj. 跟不上时代的，过时的；有日期的 day n. 天，日子；(the day) 时代；（one’s day）一生，生涯 ‎ 词组 all day (long) = all the day 一整天 ‎ by day 白天里（常用来与by night作对比） ‎ ‎ He sleeps by day and work by night. 他白天睡觉晚上工作。‎ ‎ by the day 按日计算 ‎ day after day 日复一日 ‎ ‎ day and night 日夜，不分日夜 ‎ ‎ day by day 一天天地，逐日 ‎ ‎ every other/second day 每隔一天，每两天 ‎ some day （未来的）有一天，总有一天 ‎ the other day 前些时候，前几天 ‎ ‎ these days 近来 ‎ ‎ to this day 至今为止 ‎ dead adj. no longer alive死的 辨析 dead adj. 死的，强调状态 ‎ die v. 死，强调动作 ‎ 辨析下列句子：He has been dead for years. 他死了几年了。‎ ‎ He died years ago. 他几年前死了。‎ 展开 die v. 死去 stop living ‎ deadly adj. (deadlier, deadliest) 致命的，极度的 ‎ ‎ death n. 死亡 the end of life deal (dealt, dealt, dealing) vi. take action about处理，涉及 ‎ n. buying and selling交易 ‎ 词组 deal with 处理，对付 ‎ ‎ a good/great deal (of) 大量的（只接不可数名词） ‎ 例句 He knows well how to deal with children. 他很了解如何应付小孩。‎ ‎ 辨析：I don’t know what to do with children. 我不知道如何应付小孩。‎ debt n. something owed to someone else欠款，债务 词组 be in debt 欠债，欠人情 ‎ ‎ be out of debt 还清负债 ‎ 例句 I’m in debt to him for all his help. 他帮了我，我欠他的情。‎ deceive v. cheat someone for a dishonest purpose欺骗，蒙骗 例句 The stone castle deceived him into thinking it was an ancient town. ‎ 这栋石头城堡蒙骗了他，使他以为这是一座古城。‎ decide v. make a choice or judgment决定 例句 He decided to buy a new house. = He decided that he would buy a new house.‎ ‎ 他决定买一所新房子。‎ ‎ I can’t decide which to choose. 我无法决定选哪个。‎ ‎ It is difficult to decide between the two. 很难在两者之间作决定。‎ ‎ That family decided on spending the vacation by the sea. 那一家子决定在海边渡假。‎ 展开 decision n. 决定 ‎ ‎ make/arrive at/reach/come to a decision 做出决定 ‎ decisive adj. 决定性的 ‎ declare vt. to make known publicly or officially宣布 例句 They will declare the results of the election soon. 他们很快就将宣布选举的结果。‎ ‎ The referee declared him (to be) the winner of the fight. 裁判员宣布他是对决的胜者。‎ ‎ The chairman declared that the country was independent. 主席宣布国家独立了。‎ decline n. v. refuse politely; go from higher to lower拒绝，婉拒（较refuse婉转的措辞）；衰落 例句 They asked me to their party, but I declined the invitation. ‎ 他们邀请我去他们的晚会，但我拒绝了邀请。‎ ‎ He declined to answer. 他拒绝回答。‎ ‎ His eyesight has begun to decline recently. 他的视力最近开始衰退了。‎ decrease n. v. become less in amount , strength or quality; reduce减少，减退 例句 The number of traffic accidents had decreased. 交通事故的数量降低了。‎ ‎ The price decreased to 2500 yuan. 价格降到了2500元。‎ deed n. something done on purpose; an action行为 词组 do a good deed 行善 ‎ an evil deed 恶行 deep adj. going far from the top深的;‎ 词组 deep into the night 到深夜 ‎ be deep in thought 陷入沉思中 辨析 deep deeply ‎ deep 表示实际深度 ‎ deeply表示情感的程度 ‎ Still water runs deep. 静水流深。‎ ‎ He was deeply moved by my words. 他被我的话深深地感动了 ‎ ‎ defend v. keep safe from harm; protect against attack保卫，防守；为……辩护 ‎ 例句 He defended me from/against the drunken man. 他保护我免受醉汉的伤害。‎ ‎ They defended very well in that game. 比赛中他们防守得非常好。‎ ‎ He is prepared to defend my ideas. 他准备好为自己的构想辩护。‎ 展开 defense n. 防御；防御措施；辩护 ‎ ‎ Defence works 防御工事 define vt. give the meaning of; explain the exact qualities or duties, etc. 给……下定义 ‎ 例句 It is hard to define my duties. 很难说清我的职责。‎ 展开 definite adj. 明确的，确定的 ‎ ‎ It is definite that he is wrong. 确实是他不对。‎ ‎ definitely adv. 确定地，必定地 ‎ ‎ I can’t tell you definitely when I will arrive. 我不能明确告诉你我到达的时间。‎ ‎ definition n. 定义 ‎ ‎ There is no clear definition for this word. 这个词没有明确的定义。‎ degree n. unit of measure of temperature or angles; measure of quality学位；度数；程度 词组 to a (high) degree 非常地；到某个程度 ‎ 例句 To what degree is he wealthy? 他富裕到什么程度？‎ ‎ To our surprise, she got a doctor’s degree in economics. ‎ 令人惊讶的是，她获得了经济学的博士学位。‎ ‎ The temperature was fifteen degrees centigrade this morning. 今天早上温度是‎15°C。‎ ‎ His work is at a high degree of excellence. 他的作品已达炉火纯青之境。‎ ‎ He is modest to a (high) degree. 他很谦虚。‎ delay vt. move to a later time; move slowly推迟，耽搁，延缓 ‎ ‎ n. moving to a later time; moving slowly延迟，延期 词组 without (any) delay 毫不耽搁 例句 The train was delayed one hour by the accident. 火车由于事故延误了一个小时。‎ ‎ We must delay our outing until next week. 我们必须把郊游推迟到下周。‎ ‎ Why have they delayed opening the new hospital?‎ 为什么他们推迟了新医院的开张？‎ I went to their help without any delay. 我毫不耽搁地去帮助他们。‎ delight n. a great pleasure and satisfaction; joy欣喜 ‎ v. cause somebody great satisfaction使……喜悦 词组 take/feel delight in 乐于……；嗜好……‎ 例句 I read your letter with real delight. 拜读大函，至感欣慰。‎ ‎ To my great delight, all my students passed the exam. ‎ 学生们都通过了考试，令我非常高兴。‎ ‎ He often delighted us with his jokes. 他时常用玩笑逗我们高兴。‎ I take great delight in musical. 我很喜爱音乐剧。‎ 展开 delighted adj. （感到）欣喜的，高兴的（指本人高兴） ‎ ‎ I was very much delighted with the results. 我对结果非常高兴。‎ ‎ He was delighted to accept the invitation. 他欣然接受邀请。‎ ‎ She was delighted that her son had returned safely. 她很高兴她的儿子安全归来了。‎ ‎ delightful adj. 令人喜悦的，有趣的（指使别人高兴） ‎ ‎ The little girl is delightful. 这个小女孩讨人喜欢。‎ deliver vt. send something to the intended place投递，分送 词组 deliver a speech 发表演说 ‎ ‎ deliver a blow 加以打击（拳击） ‎ 例句 Would you deliver my message to your mother? 你可以帮我传口信给你母亲吗？‎ 展开 delivery n. 投递 ‎ ‎ special delivery (英：express delivery) 快递 demand vt. ask for firmly; need urgently要求；需要；询问；查问 ‎ n. an act of demanding; claim要求，需要 ‎ 词组 in demand 有需要的，吃香的 ‎ 例句 He demanded an apology from the manager. 他要求经理道歉。‎ ‎ They demanded to be informed of everything. 他要求被告知每一件事。‎ ‎ They demanded that the company (should) give them an explanation. ‎ 他们要求公司给他们一个解释。‎ ‎ The work demands a great deal of care. (= calls for) 这工作需要非常细心。‎ ‎ There is a great demand for these goods. 这些商品的需求量很大。‎ ‎ In the unusual hot summer, air conditioners were in great demand. ‎ ‎ 在这非同寻常的夏天，空调的需求量极大。‎ 展开 demanding adj. 要求高的，费力的 ‎ ‎ Contrary to some people’s understanding, the job of a policeman is rather demanding.‎ ‎ 和一些人的理解不同，警察的工作要求相当高。‎ Unit seven deny vt. declare untrue; refuse to accept as a fact否认，拒绝 例句 Do you deny having stolen the bicycle? 你是不是否认偷了自行车？‎ ‎ It cannot be denied that he is guilty. 不可否认他有罪。‎ ‎ The boss denied our request for higher wages. 老板拒绝我们加薪的要求。‎ ‎ He denies his children nothing.=He denies nothing to his children. 他对孩子有求必应。‎ depart vi. leave; go away出发，离开 例句 He departed early in the morning for Paris. 他清晨出发去巴黎。‎ ‎ The plane departed from L.A. 这班飞机从洛山矶出发。‎ 展开 departure n. 出发，动身 ‎ ‎ The departure of the plane was delayed. 飞机的起飞被延迟了。‎ ‎ I took my departure for Hong Kong from Shanghai. 我从上海出发去香港。‎ department n. a division or branch of a government, college, etc部门；大学的系/科 ‎ 词组 the personnel department 人事部 ‎ the shoe department （百货商店的）鞋子销售部 ‎ department store 百货商店 depend vi. to vary according to; be decided by视……而定；依靠；依赖 词组 depend on/upon 依赖，指望 ‎ 例句 You cannot depend on your parents forever. 你不能永远依赖父母。‎ ‎ We can depend on him to finish it on time. 我们可以指望准时完工。‎ ‎= We can depend on his finishing it on time.‎ ‎ You may depend on it that he will join the club. 你可以指望他参加俱乐部。‎ ‎ = You may depend on him to join the club.‎ ‎ Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not. ‎ 我们的成功取决于是否每个人都努力工作。‎ ‎ The time of departure depends on the weather. 出发的时间视天气而定。‎ ‎ That (all) depends. = It all depends. （口语）那得看情况而定。‎ 展开 dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的 （反义词：independent） ‎ ‎ be dependent on 依赖……，视……而定 ‎ ‎ Whether we go or not is dependent on his decision. ‎ 我们去不去取决于他的决定。‎ ‎ be independent of 独立；不依赖 ‎ He is independent of his parents. 他不依赖父母，独立为生。‎ ‎ dependence n.依赖，从属（反义词independence 独立）‎ depress vt. cause to feel sad and without hope; discourage使……沮丧，使……心灰意冷 例句 The death of her dog depressed her. 她的狗死了，令她很沮丧。‎ 展开 depressed adj. (more depressed, most depressed) ‎ 精神不振的，忧郁的；（经济）萧条的 He is very depressed because he failed the exam. 他很沮丧，因为他考试不及格。‎ ‎ depressing adj. 令人沮丧的，沉闷的 ‎ ‎ depression n. [c] 萧条，不景气；[c][u] 意志消沉，郁闷，忧郁 ‎ ‎ He got into a state of depression. 他心情忧郁。‎ depth n. the state or degree of being deep纵深，深度 词组 in the depths of one’s heart 在内心深处 ‎ lack depth 缺乏深度，肤浅 ‎ 5 feet in depth 5英尺深 展开 归纳 adj. + ~th 成为n. ‎ ‎ deep – depth; wide – width; long – length; warm – warmth;‎ ‎ strong – strength; grow – growth describe vt. say what something is like; give a picture of in words描述 例句 Please describe exactly what happened. 请准确描述所发生的事。‎ ‎ He described himself as an artist. 他自称为艺术家。‎ 展开 description n. 记叙，描写 ‎ ‎ Please give me a brief/detail description of the accident. ‎ 请简要/详细描述一下这起事故。‎ ‎ beyond description 无法形容地，难以描述的 ‎ ‎ The scenery is beautiful beyond description. 景色美得难以用笔墨形容。‎ desert n. a large piece of sanding land where there is little rain沙漠，荒芜之地 ‎ vt. to leave completely; leave at a difficult time and not return离弃，抛弃 例句 He deserted his family. 他遗弃了他的家人。‎ 展开 deserted adj. 无人居住的，荒无人烟的 ‎ ‎ The house is deserted. 这房子被荒弃了。‎ deserve vt. have earned by one’s action; be worthy of应该得到；值得…… （不用进行时）‎ 词组 deserve attention 值得注意 ‎ deserve blame 该受责备 ‎ deserve sympathy 值得同情 例句 His brave act deserves praise. 他勇敢的行为值得赞赏。‎ ‎ He deserves to be punished. = He deserves punishment. 他罪有应得。‎ ‎ Your suggestion deserves considering. = Your suggestion deserves to be considered.‎ ‎ 你的建议值得考虑。‎ desire vt. wish or hope for very much渴望 n. a strong hope or wish愿望 词组 leave much（something/nothing/little）to be desired ‎ 有很多（一点/没有/几乎没有）缺点 例句 We desired to win the game. 我们渴望赢得比赛。‎ ‎ What do you desire me to do? 你期望我做什么？‎ ‎ The director desires that you (should) visit him next week. 主管希望你下周拜访他。‎ ‎ = The director desires you to visit him next week.‎ ‎ He has a strong desire for success. = He has a strong desire to succeed.‎ ‎ 他强烈盼望成功。‎ ‎ The people expressed their desire that the Iraq War (should) come to an end soon.‎ ‎ 人们表达了希望伊拉克战争尽快结束的愿望。‎ despair n. vi. complete loss of hopes or confidence绝望，不顾一切 词组 in despair 陷于绝望 ‎ 例句 He is in despair when his son left him. 当儿子离开他的时候，他绝望了。‎ desperate adj. ready to take any wild act in spite of danger绝望的，不顾一切的，亡命的 例句 The murderer made desperate efforts to escape.那个凶杀犯拼命地想要逃跑。‎ ‎ He is desperate to pass the entrance exam. 他很渴望通过入学考试。‎ 展开 desperately adv. 绝望地；极度地 ‎ ‎ He is desperately busy. 他极为忙碌。‎ destroy vt. to damage so severely that it cannot be repaired; put an end to sth. 破坏；消灭 例句 All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal. ‎ 他写信拒绝，破碎了我所有的希望。‎ 展开 destruction n. 破坏 （反义词：construction） ‎ ‎ destructive adj. 破坏性的 （反义词：constructive） ‎ detail n. a single point or fact about something细节 词组 in detail 详细地 giving all details ‎ go into details 详述 talk about something in detail ‎ fill in the details 填上细节 detective adj. related to finding out, noticing or discovering侦探的 ‎ ‎ n. a person whose job is to find out information侦探 词组 detective story 侦探小说 determination n. ability of make firm decisions; strong willing to succeed决心，顽强，确定 例句 He is a man of great determination. 他是个有决断力的人。‎ ‎ His determination to enter university is now much stronger than ever. ‎ 他想进入大学的决心比以前更加坚定。‎ 展开 determine v. 确定，决定 ‎ ‎ He determined to learn French next term. 他决定下学期学法语。‎ ‎ She determined that she would never see him again. 她决心再也不要见他。‎ ‎ They determined the title of the novel. 他们确定了这部小说的书名。‎ ‎ What determined her to become a scientist? 是什么使她立志成为一名科学家？‎ ‎ I determined on an early start. 我决定早点出发。‎ ‎ determined adj. 下定决心的 ‎ ‎ She is determined to go. 她下定决心要去。‎ 辨析 be determined to do 表示下定决心做某事 ‎ determine to do = decide to do 表示决定做某事，不强调强烈的决心。‎ ‎ 辨析下列句子：We determined to start early. 我们决定提早出发。‎ ‎ We are determined to prove our friend’s innocence. ‎ 我们下定决心为朋友洗清罪名。‎ develop v. become gradually to a more advanced state发展，培养，开发，冲洗（底片）‎ 例句 Sports can develop mind and body. 运动有益于身心发展。‎ ‎ She has developed into a beautiful woman. 她长成了一个美丽的姑娘。‎ ‎ I developed habit of washing hands before eating. 我养成了吃东西前洗手的习惯。‎ 展开 development n. 发展，展开，开发，（照片的）冲洗 ‎ ‎ We can see the rapid development of civilization in those days. ‎ 我们可以看到那个时代文明的快速发展。‎ developing adj. 发展中的 ‎ a developing country 发展中国家 ‎ ‎ developed adj. 发达的，发展的 ‎ a developed country 发达国家 ‎ devote vt. give completely to奉献，致力于 词组 devote sth. to sth./doing = give completely to 例句 He devoted his life to promoting world peace. ‎ 他为推进世界和平投入了他的一生。‎ ‎ She devoted herself completely to volleyball in her teens. ‎ 她十多岁时就全身心地投入排球运动。‎ ‎ He devoted all his time to helping the old.他用全部的时间来帮助老人。‎ ‎ Jenny is entirely devoted to music. 詹尼全身心地投入到音乐中去。‎ 展开 devoted adj. 献身的，忠实的，挚爱的 ‎ ‎ devotion n. 献身，挚爱 ‎ die vi. stop living; become dead; stop operating suddenly; 死；枯萎 词组 die of 因（疾病，衰老，饥饿等内因）死亡 ‎ die from 因（外伤，以外等外因）死亡 ‎ die a … death 死得……；遭受……形式的死亡 ‎ ‎ die away （声音、光线、风等）渐弱，渐息 ‎ ‎ die down （火、兴奋、暴风雨、光线等）渐弱；静下来 ‎ ‎ die out 死绝；（风俗、习惯等）消失，消灭 ‎ 例句 She died young. 他英年早逝。‎ She died of old age. 她终享天年。‎ It is said that he died from overwork. 据说他过劳而死。‎ He died a miserable/hero’s death. 他悲惨地/英雄般地死去。‎ 展开 death n. 死亡 ‎ ‎ dead adj. 死的，废的 the dead （集合用法）死者 ‎ ‎ dying adj. 垂死的，正在死去的 ‎ ‎ These flowers are dying. 这些花正在死去。‎ be dying for 渴望…… ‎ ‎ She is dying for a drink. 她很想喝水。‎ ‎ be dying to do 很想做……，渴望做…… ‎ ‎ Tommie is dying to go abroad. 汤米渴望出国。‎ diet n. sort of food and drink; limited food and drink allowed日常饮食，规定饮食 词组 be on a diet 节食疗法 ‎ 例句 A balanced diet is essential to everybody. 平衡的膳食对每一个人都十分重要。‎ She is on a diet and wants to lose weight. 她在节食，想要减肥。‎ differ vi. be not similar in nature, character, type, etc. 与……不同 词组 differ from… 与……有差异 ‎ differ … in 在……方面不同 例句 That’s where we differ from each other. 那就是我们两不同的地方。‎ ‎ He differs from his brother in characteristics. 他和他弟弟性格不同。‎ 展开 difference n. 差别，差异 ‎ ‎ There is a difference of 10 degrees in temperature between the two places.‎ ‎ 这两个地方气温有10度的差异。‎ ‎ make a difference 产生差别，有影响 ‎ different adj. 不同的，各种各样的 ‎ ‎ They are quite different in their tastes. 他们口味相当不同。‎ ‎ very/much/quite/entirely/totally different 十分/完全不同 difficult adj. needing a lot of effort; hard to deal with困难的，艰难的；难以取悦的 例句 The question is difficult to answer. = It is difficult to answer this question.‎ ‎ 这问题很难回答。‎ ‎ It is difficult (for me) to learn French. （我）学习法语很难。‎ ‎ I found it difficult to keep up with them. 我发现很难赶上他们。‎ ‎ He is a difficult man to get along with. 他是个很难相处的人。‎ 展开 difficulty n. [u] 困难 ‎ ‎ I had difficulty (in) remembering their names. 我记住他们的名字很难。‎ ‎ n. [c] 困难的事 ‎ ‎ We will face many difficulties in the future. 将来我们会遇到很多困难。‎ cause/make difficulties for 给……带来困难 ‎ ‎ overcome a difficulty 解决困难 ‎ come across/run into difficulties 遭遇困难 digital adj. of a system in which information is represented in electric signals数码的，数字的 词组 digital camera 数码照相机 ‎ digital video 数码摄像机 ‎ digital communication 数字通讯 dine v. have dinner进餐；请……吃饭 词组 dine in 在家吃饭 dine out 在外面（餐厅）用餐 ‎ ‎ dining car 餐车 dining room 饭厅 ‎ ‎ dining table 餐桌 ‎ 展开 dinner n. 正餐，晚餐 ‎ ‎ dinner party 晚宴 have dinner 吃晚餐 make dinner 做晚餐 direct adj. straight; without any other person or reason coming between直接的；笔直的 ‎ v. control; be in charge of; manage; aim to the direction指挥，管理，导演，指引方向 例句 He took a direct flight from Shanghai to London. 他从上海直飞伦敦。‎ ‎ This is a direct result of the accident. 这是那事故的直接后果。‎ ‎ He directed the building of the bridge. 他负责指挥这座桥的兴建。‎ The general directed the terrorists to drop their weapon. 将军命令恐怖分子放下武器。‎ ‎ = The general directed that the terrorists (should) drop their weapon.‎ ‎ Can you direct me to the library? 请告诉我图书馆怎么走。‎ 展开 direction n. 方向，指挥；（用复数）指示，使用说明 ‎ ‎ He drove his car in the direction of Nanjing. 他把车开向南京。‎ He has a good sense of direction. 他方向感很好。‎ ‎ We did the work under his direction. 我们在他的指导下工作。‎ ‎ Follow the direction for the use of the medicine. 请遵照此药的使用说明。‎ directly adv. 笔直地，正好，马上; conj. (引导时间状语从句）一……就 = as soon as ‎ ‎ He went directly home after school. 他放学后直接回家了。‎ ‎ The restaurant is directly opposite our school. 这家餐厅正对着我们学校。‎ ‎ I’ll be there directly. 我马上到。‎ ‎ She phoned her mother directly she got home. 她一回到家就给她母亲打电话。‎ director n. （公司的）董事，管理者，导演，指挥 ‎ ‎ a company director 公司董事 ‎ a film director 电影导演 ‎ dirty adj. not clean; unpleasant脏的，卑鄙的，低级的 词组 dirty money 不正当的钱 ‎ ‎ a dirty talk 脏话 例句 He played a dirty trick on me. 他对我耍了卑鄙的手段。‎ 展开 dirt n. 污垢，坏话 ‎ disable v. make a person unable to use his body properly使某人残废，失去能力 展开 disabled adj. 残障的 ‎ ‎ the disabled 残疾人 ‎ disagreeable adj. unpleasant; unfriendly（指物）令人不愉快的；‎ ‎（指人）难以相处的 展开 disagree v. 与……不一致，不同意 （反义词：agree） ‎ ‎ disagree with ‎ ‎ He disagreed with me on the plan. 他对那个计划与我意见相左。‎ ‎ The climate/food disagree with me. 气候/食物对我不适合。‎ disappear vi. go out of sight; stop existing消失，绝迹 例句 The tall man disappeared in the dark. 那个高个子消失在黑暗中。‎ ‎ Many wild animals are disappearing because of hunting. ‎ 许多野生动物因捕猎而面临绝迹。‎ disappoint vt. fail to fulfill the hopes of someone使……失望 例句 The result of the test disappointed us. 测试结果令我们失望。‎ 展开 disappointed adj. 感到失望的 ‎ ‎ I was disappointed at the news. 我对此消息感到失望。‎ ‎ = I was disappointed to hear the news. ‎ ‎ We were disappointed that our team had lost the game. ‎ 我们队输了比赛，我们很失望。‎ disappointing adj. 让人失望的，扫兴的 ‎ ‎ His behavior is disappointing. 他的表现很令人失望。‎ disappointment n. [u] 失望，扫兴 [c] 令人失望的事 ‎ ‎ He left in disappointment. 他失望地离开了。‎ ‎ to one’s disappointment 令人失望的是…… ‎ ‎ To my disappointment, the picnic was spoiled by the rain. ‎ 令我失望的是，大雨破坏了野餐。‎ disapprove v. have an unfavorable opinion of someone or something不赞成，反对 ‎ 例句 His father disapproves (of) his marrying the poor girl. ‎ 他父亲不同意他娶那个贫穷的女孩。‎ 展开 disapproval n. 不赞成，非难 ‎ ‎ She shook her head in disapproval. 她不赞成地摇头。‎ 归纳 以-al结尾的名词 ‎ arrive – arrival propose – proposal approve – approval ‎ ‎ refuse – refusal dismiss – dismissal try – trial ‎ disaster n. sudden serious misfortune causing great suffering and damage灾难，大祸 词组 cause disaster 惹祸 ‎ experience/meet with/suffer a disaster 遭受灾难 ‎ an air disaster 空难 ‎ a national disaster 国难 展开 disastrous adj. 灾难的，悲惨的 ‎ discourage vt. take away courage, confidence or hope from使气馁，打消……的念头 例句 I was discouraged by the news. 这个消息令我气馁。‎ ‎ Her parents tried to discourage her from becoming a singer. ‎ ‎ 她父母想劝她打消想当歌星的念头。‎ 展开 反义词：encourage v. 鼓励 ‎ ‎ discouragement n. 沮丧，令人泄气的事 ‎ ‎ discouraging adj. 令人沮丧的 ‎ discover vt. find something that already existed but was not known about before发现，察觉 例句 I soon discovered the truth. 我很快发现了真相。‎ ‎ The police never discovered how he died. 警察一直没有发现他是如何死的。‎ ‎ I discovered him to be quite trustworthy. 我发现他很值得信赖。‎ 展开 discovery n.发现 ‎ ‎ They made such a great discovery that they were awarded the Nobel Prize.‎ ‎ 他们作出了如此重大的发现，被授予诺贝尔奖。‎ 辨析 discover 指发现原来以存在的东西 ‎ ‎ invent 指发明出原来不存在的东西 ‎ 辨析下列句子：The discovery of electricity totally changed people’s life.‎ ‎ 电的发现完全改变了人们的生活。‎ ‎ Who was it that invented the plane? 是谁发明了飞机？‎ discuss vt. consider something by talking or writing讨论 词组 discuss freely 自由讨论 ‎ discuss fully/thoroughly 充分讨论 ‎ discuss keenly 激烈讨论 例句 I’ll discuss the problem with the principal later. 稍后我将与校长讨论这一问题。‎ ‎ We discussed how to do it and who should do it. 我们讨论了如何做和谁去做这件事。‎ 展开 discussion n. 讨论 ‎ ‎ They argued about the plan under discussion. 他们对正在讨论的计划有争议。‎ ‎ They had a long discussion about/on the problem. 他们长时间地讨论了这一问题。‎ ‎ heated discussion 热烈的讨论 disease n. illness or unhealthy condition caused by infection; disorder疾病 词组 skin disease 皮肤病 ‎ a disease of mind 心病 ‎ a disease of society 社会的弊端 ‎ cure a disease 治愈疾病 ‎ prevent a disease 预防疾病 ‎ catch/come down with a disease 患病 例句 He is suffering from heart disease. 他患有心脏病。‎ dish n. cooked food; large flat round container in which food is put一盘菜，菜肴；碟，盘 辨析 dish 指金属制或陶制的大盘子 ‎ plate 指每人放置所分得食物的盘子 dislike vt. consider something to be unpleasant; not to like嫌恶；讨厌 n. feeling of disliking讨厌的对象，厌恶 词组 likes and dislikes 人的好恶 例句 She dislike his way of speaking. 她讨厌他说话的方式。‎ ‎ He dislikes speaking loudly in public. 他不喜欢在公众场合大声说话。‎ ‎ Many people have a strong dislike of/for snakes. 很多人厌恶蛇。‎ dismiss vt. sent away or allow to go; refuse to consider seriously; fire解散，打消，解雇 例句 More than thirty employees were dismissed from this department. ‎ 这个部门有30多名员工被解雇。‎ ‎ The teacher decided to dismiss the class early. 老师决定提早下课。‎ display v. n. arrange or spread out for public view展示，陈列；显露 例句 The art gallery is displaying the new paintings. 这个美术馆正在展览新的油画。‎ ‎ The students’ works were displayed on the wall. 学生们的作品在墙上展览。‎ ‎ The child displayed no fear. 这小孩显得一点也不害怕。‎ ‎ Works of young artists are on display on the second floor. ‎ 年轻艺术家的作品在二楼展出。‎ dissolve vi. become liquid by putting into liquid; cause to end溶解；解散 例句 Salt dissolve in water. 盐可溶于水。‎ ‎ Parliament will dissolve soon. 国会不久将解散。‎ distance n. the amount of space or time between two points距离 词组 at a distance 隔开一段距离 ‎ from a distance 由相当远处 ‎ in the distance 在远处的 ‎ within hearing/walking distance 在能听见/步行可及的地方 例句 What’s the distance from Shanghai to Guangzhou/between Shanghai and Guangzhou?‎ ‎ 上海到广州的距离有多少？‎ ‎ The airport is a great distance away. 机场很远。‎ ‎ We have covered/run/traveled/walked a distance of 20 miles. 我们已走了20英里。‎ The picture looks better at a distance. 这幅画隔开一段距离看更好些。‎ ‎ A dull thunder came from a distance. 远处传来低沉的雷声。‎ ‎ I saw some smoke in the distance. 我看到远处有些烟。‎ ‎ Now young couples like to live within walking distance of their parents.‎ ‎ 现在年轻夫妇喜欢住在离父母步行可及的地方。‎ 展开 distant adj. 远的 ‎ ‎ The sun is distant from the earth. 太阳离地球很远。‎ distinct adj. clearly different or separate; clearly seen or understood有区别的，不同的；清楚的 例句 His hobbies are quite distinct from his work. 他的兴趣完全不同于他的工作。‎ ‎ There is a distinct smell of smoke in the room. 房间里明显有烟的味道。‎ 展开 distinction n. 区别，差异；特征 ‎ ‎ Can you make a distinction between these two species? ‎ 你能区别一下这两个物种的不同吗？‎ ‎ He passed the examination with distinction. 他以优异的成绩通过考试。‎ distinctly adv. 明确地 ‎ ‎ The little girl can pronounce the word distinctly.这小女孩能清楚地发音这个词。‎ ‎ distinguish v. 区分 ‎ ‎ I can’t distinguish between the twin brothers. 我无法区分这对双胞胎兄弟。‎ ‎ Speech distinguishes man from the other animals. 人类因会说话有别于其他动物。‎ distinguish oneself 使自己脱颖而出 ‎ ‎ He distinguished himself by winning the prize of best actor. ‎ 他因获最佳男演员奖而名声大噪。‎ distinguished adj.卓越的，杰出的 ‎ ‎ He is distinguished for his knowledge of dinosaurs. 他因对恐龙的知识而知名。‎ ‎ The young man is distinguished as a violinist. 这个年轻人是个杰出的小提琴家。‎ distress n. great suffering; pain or great discomfort [u] 痛苦，不幸 [c] 痛苦的事 ‎ v. cause great pain or discomfort使……痛苦 例句 The news caused us great distress. 这消息使我们十分痛苦。‎ ‎ Her illness was a distress to her parents. 她的病对她的父母来说是个不幸。‎ ‎ The news of his death distressed me greatly. 他死去的消息令我非常痛苦。‎ ‎= I was greatly distressed at the news of his death. ‎ disturb vt. interrupt a person who is working or sleeping妨碍，打扰 例句 The noise in the street disturbed my study. 大街上的噪音妨碍我学习。‎ ‎ She was disturbed to hear of her mother’s illness. 她得知母亲患病后非常不安。‎ 展开 disturbance n. 打扰，不安 ‎ divide v. separate into several parts; share分开，划分；做除法 例句 Let’s divide the apple in half. = Let’s divide the apple into two halves. ‎ 我们来把苹果分成两半。‎ ‎ The company will divide the profits among the partners. 公司将在合伙人之间划分利润 ‎ She divides her leisure hours between reading and walking. ‎ 她把空闲时间分为阅读和散步两个部分。‎ ‎ A long wall divides our school from a park. 一座长长的墙把我们学校和公园划分开。‎ ‎ Divide 12 by 3. 请把12除以3。‎ ‎ 12 divided by 3 is 4. 12除以3等于4。‎ 展开 division n. 划分，区分；部门；除法 ‎ ‎ the sales division 销售部门 divorce n. v. officially end a marriage离婚 例句 She divorced her husband two years ago. 她两年前和丈夫离婚了。‎ ‎ They were divorced. 他们离婚了。‎ do v. to perform an action做，干 词组 do one’s duty 尽……的责任/义务 ‎ do one’s homework 做作业 ‎ do sth. for a living 做……谋生 ‎ do one’s hair 做头发 ‎ do one’s face 化妆 ‎ do sb. good = do good to sb. 对……有好处 ‎ do sb. harm = do harm to sb. 对……有害 ‎ do sb. a favor 帮……一个忙 ‎ have sth. to do with 与……有关 ‎ do away with 废除，除 do … up 修改；补妆；梳理（头发）‎ ‎ do with vt. 处置，对待 ‎ do without 没有……也行，将就 dos and don’ts 规章制度，注意事项，行为准则 例句 100 dollars will do until payday. 100元能让我支撑到发薪日。‎ ‎ How are you doing on the new job? 你的新工作顺利吗？‎ We have to do away with the silly regulations. 我们必须废除这些愚蠢的规章制度。‎ I have to do the skirt up. 我必须修改这件裙子。‎ ‎ She is still doing her hair up. 她仍在梳头发。‎ He doesn’t know what to do with the property his father had left.‎ ‎ 他不知道如何处置他父亲留给他的财产。‎ We cannot do without electricity. 没有电是不行的。‎ ‎ There wasn’t any coffee, so we had to do without. ‎ 没有咖啡了，我们只好将就了。‎ doctor n. a person whose profession is to treat sick people; the highest degree医生；博士 词组 a doctor’s degree 博士学位 ‎ a Doctor of Law 法学学士 例句 You should see a doctor at once. 你应该马上看医生。‎ ‎ Don’t worry. We have already sent for the doctor. 不要担心。我们已经去请医生了。‎ 辨析 dentist 牙科医生 ‎ surgeon 外科医生 ‎ physician 内科医生 document n. an official paper that provides information公文，文件，证明 词组 official documents 公文 ‎ diplomatic documents 外交文件 展开 documentary adj. 文件的，记录的 ‎ ‎ n. 记录片 ‎ Unit Eight dog n. a common four-legged animal狗 词组 keep dogs 养狗 ‎ walk a dog 遛狗 ‎ a hunting dog 猎犬 ‎ a police dog 警犬 ‎ a guide dog 导盲犬 ‎ a pet dog 宠物犬 例句 A barking dog seldom bites. 会叫的狗不咬人。‎ ‎ Let sleeping dogs lie. 不要惹是生非。‎ domestic adj. in the home; within a particular country家庭的，驯养的，国内的 例句 We both enjoy domestic life very much. 我们都很喜欢家庭生活。‎ ‎ Now comes the domestic news. 下面是国内新闻。‎ door n. flat surface that opens and closes the entrance to a room门 词组 knock at the door 敲门 ‎ break open a door 撞开门 ‎ answer the door 应门 ‎ lock the door 锁门 ‎ unlock the door 打开门锁 ‎ the front/back door 前/后门 ‎ be at the door 在门口 ‎ live next door 住在隔壁 ‎ from door to door 挨家挨户 ‎ in doors/out of doors 在室内/在户外 dot n. a small round mark or spot点；小数点 ‎ v. mark with a spot打点于……；点缀于……‎ 例句 I watched the plane until it became only a dot in the sky. ‎ 我看着飞机，知道它在空中变成了一个小点。‎ ‎ The lake was dotted with boats. 湖泊上点缀着一些小船。‎ double adj. consisting of two similar or combined parts; two together两倍的，加倍的 ‎ v. become twice as many使加倍 ‎ 词组 a double room 双人房 ‎ a double bed 双人床 ‎ a double window 双层窗 ‎ a double character 双重人格 ‎ double over 把……对折 例句 I paid double the price. 我付了两倍的价钱。‎ ‎ The population of Shanghai is double what it was ten years ago. ‎ 上海的人口比十年前翻了一倍。‎ ‎ He doubled his income in five years. 他五年内收入增加了一倍。‎ doubt n. v. be uncertain about; consider unlikely怀疑 ‎ 词组 in doubt 可怀疑的，不确定地 ‎ ‎ no doubt 毫无疑问 ‎ ‎ without doubt 无疑地 ‎ 例句 The cause of the accident is still in doubt. 这事件的原因依然尚未确定。‎ ‎ No doubt, he will recover. 毫无疑问，他会恢复的。‎ ‎ I’ll be back on Friday without doubt. 我周五一定能回来。‎ I have some doubt about his words. 我怀疑他所说的话。‎ ‎ There is no doubt of his success. 他一定会成功。‎ ‎ There is some doubt about/as to whether he is the best man for the job.‎ ‎ 我们怀疑他是否是这个工作最好的人选。‎ ‎ I have no doubt that he will pass the driving test. 我肯定他能通过驾驶考试。‎ ‎ I doubt the truth of the news. 我怀疑这消息的真实性。‎ ‎ I doubted whether he will keep his word. 我怀疑他是否会遵守诺言。‎ ‎ I don’t doubt that our team will win. 我毫不怀疑我们队会赢。‎ 展开 doubtful adj. 怀疑的，不确定的 ‎ He was doubtful about/of her story. 我怀疑她的故事。‎ ‎ It is doubtful whether the old man will recover from the operation.‎ ‎ 不太确定那个老人会从手术中恢复过来。‎ ‎ undoubtedly adv.  毫无疑问 ‎ Undoubtedly, you will win the contest. 无疑，你会赢得比赛。‎ down adv. adj. prep. towards a lower position向下，在下 词组 be down with 因……而病倒 ‎ ‎ get down to 静下心来处理……，专心致志于……‎ 例句 The family moved down to the country. 那一家人搬到乡下去了。‎ ‎ Please write down your name on this paper. 请把名字写在纸上。‎ ‎ Please turn the radio down. 请把收音机的音量关小。‎ He was down with a bad fever. 他发烧病倒了。‎ ‎ He finally got down to his study. 他终于静下心来学习了。‎ dozen n. a group of 12; lots of一打，十二个 词组 by the dozen 按打计算 例句 We have got dozens of presents from friends and relatives. ‎ 我们从亲友那里得到了几十件礼物。‎ ‎ Go buy two dozen bottles of beer. 去买两打啤酒。‎ ‎ Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋按打卖。‎ drain n. underground pipe carrying waste water; using up of something排水沟；耗尽，枯竭 ‎ v. flow off completely; become gradually used up排水；耗尽 例句 The huge medication expense is a great drain on the family.‎ ‎ 巨大的医疗开支使那个家庭十分窘迫。‎ ‎ It was difficult to drain the flooded area. 将水灾地区的积水排干不容易。‎ ‎ The work drained his strength. 那工作耗尽了他的体力。‎ ‎ The war drained the country of its people and resources.‎ ‎ 战争使那个国家的人员和资源耗尽。‎ draw (drew, drawn) v. make picture; cause to go by pulling; receive or earn拉；描写，画 词组 draw a conclusion 得出结论 例句 I drew 2000 yuan from the bank. 我从银行提出2000元钱。‎ It was difficult to draw any conclusion from the discussion.‎ ‎ 很难从这次讨论得出结论。‎ draw one’s attention 引起注意 ‎ He drew my attention to the point I had overlooked. 他要我注意我疏忽的地方。‎ dream n. thoughts, images, or feelings experienced during sleep梦，梦想 ‎ v. have a dream about something; imagine梦见 词组 have/dream a … dream 做了一个…梦 例句 She realized her dream of becoming an actress. 她实现了梦想，成了一名演员。‎ ‎ = Her dream of becoming an actress came true.‎ ‎ He always dreams of/about his hometown. 他总是梦到他的家乡。‎ ‎ I wouldn’t dream of cheating you. 我做梦也不会想要骗你。‎ You can see from his face that he is having/dreaming a beautiful dream. ‎ ‎ 可以从他的脸上看出来他正在做一个美梦。‎ dress n. clothing for a woman or girl服装，女服 ‎ ‎ vt. put clothes on 给……穿衣 词组 dress up 盛装；打扮 ‎ evening dress 晚礼服 例句 You have to dress the kids hurriedly. 你得赶快给孩子穿衣服。‎ ‎ She dressed herself in a red gown. 她穿着红袍。‎ ‎ This girl was poorly dressed. 那女孩衣着寒酸。‎ ‎ He dressed well/badly. 他穿得很得体/很糟糕。‎ We dressed up for our best friend’s wedding. 我们盛装参加朋友的婚礼。‎ 辨析 dress 一般作及物动词，表示穿衣服的状态时, 用被动语态；‎ ‎ wear 作及物动词，表示穿戴的状态；‎ ‎ put on 表示穿戴的动作 ‎ 辨析下列句子：I wear pajamas at home. 表示每天的习惯动作，用wear。‎ ‎ He put on the raincoat before going out of the door. 表示动作。‎ ‎ He is now dressed in a formal suit.表示状态 drink (drank, drunk) v. to have liquid; swallow喝，喝酒 ‎ n. liquid suitable for drinking; alcohol for drinking饮料，酒 词组 bottled drinks 瓶装饮料 ‎ food and drink 食物和饮料 ‎ drinking water 饮用水 例句 Let’s drink to Mark’s health! 为马克的健康干杯！‎ 展开 drunk adj. 喝醉的，陶醉的 ‎ She got drunk on beer. 她喝啤酒喝醉了。‎ drive (drove, driven) v. n. control a vehicle; force to go 驾驶；驱赶 ‎ 词组 drive sb. mad 把……逼疯 ‎ drive sb. to do… 迫使……做 ‎ driving license 驾驶执照 ‎ ‎ driving test 驾驶执照考试 例句 In Britain, cars drive on the left-hand side of the road. 在英国，车辆靠左行驶。‎ ‎ Could you drive me to the station? 你能开车送我去车站吗？‎ ‎ Please drive the dog away. 请把狗赶走。‎ ‎ It’s only a ten minutes’ drive to my office. 开车到我办公室只需十分钟的路程。‎ The terrible noise almost drove me mad. 可怕的噪音几乎把我逼疯了。‎ ‎ Poverty drove him to steal. 贫困迫使他去偷窃。‎ drop n. a small amount of liquid滴，一滴；下降 ‎ ‎ (dropped, dropped) v. fall unexpectedly滴落，掉下 词组 drop off 让……下车 例句 There is a drop of temperature recently. 近来气温下降。‎ ‎ He dropped some soup down his new suit. 他把汤洒到新西装上了。‎ ‎ The dish dropped down to the floor. 盘子掉到地上。‎ ‎ She dropped the dish on the floor. 她失手把盘子掉到地上了。‎ ‎ Price continued to drop in the past year. 过去一年中价格不断下跌。‎ I can drop you off at your place. 我可以送你到你的住处（让你下车）。‎ drown v. die by being under water and unable to breathe沉没，淹死 辨析 a drowning child 被水淹着的孩子（还没有死）‎ ‎ a drowned child 被水淹死的孩子 drug n. medicine; a substance one takes for pleasure or excitement药；麻醉药，毒品 词组 drugstore 药店 take drugs 吸食毒品 辨析 drug 现在较多指毒品，指药通常用medicine due adj. owed or owing as a debt or right; proper or suitable应得的，应给的e 词组 due to 由于，因为 = because of 例句 The accident was due to his careless driving. 这次事故是由于他的粗心驾驶。‎ ‎ The sports meeting is postponed due to rain. 这次运动会由于下雨被推迟了。‎ 辨析 due to, because of, owing to都解释为“由于，因为”，但要注意due to不能用在句首，‎ 而owing to不能用做表语；because of 最为口语化。‎ ‎ Owing to the sudden rain, the game was cancelled.‎ 由于突降大雨，比赛取消了。‎ duty n. something that one should do as a job or moral request责任，义务 ‎ 词组 do one’s duty 尽义务 ‎ sense of duty 责任感 ‎ neglect one’s duty 忽视职责，渎职 ‎ perform one’s duties 尽职 ‎ customs duties 关税 ‎ be on duty 在工作时间内，值班的 ‎ be off duty 不值班的，在工作时间外 each adj. pron. every single one of two or more things considered separately每个，各个 词组 each other 互相 （one another也是互相的意思，但一般用于三个人以上）‎ 例句 They respect each other. 他们互相尊重。‎ eager adj. strongly interested; impatiently desiring渴望 词组 eager beaver 热心工作的人 例句 He is eager for success. 他非常渴望成功。‎ ‎ Joan is eager for you to come to the party. 乔安非常期望你来参加晚会。‎ ‎ The children are listening to his story with eager attention. 孩子们热切倾听他讲故事。‎ ‎  He is very eager in acting. 他非常热衷于表演。‎ 展开 eagerly adv. 殷切地，渴望地 ‎ ‎ eagerness n. 热心，渴望 ‎ ‎ He is longing for the admission with great eagerness. 他殷切地盼望着录取通知。‎ ‎ She is in her eagerness to adopt the doggie. 她急于要收养那条小狗。‎ early adj. adv. (earlier, earliest) happening before the usual time早的，初期的 词组 early or late = sooner or later 迟早，早晚 ‎ early bird 早起的人 ‎ 例句 The early bird catches the worm. 早起三分利；捷足先登 earn vt. get money by working; get because of one’s qualities赚，挣得 ‎ 词组 earn one’s living 维持生计 例句 He earned respect by rescuing a drowning man. ‎ 他拯救了落水的人，赢得了大家的尊重。‎ ‎ That show earned him great fame. 那个节目使他名声大噪。‎ He earns his living by teaching in a language school. ‎ 他在一所语言学校教书谋生。‎ 展开 earnings n. 所得，收入，收益 ‎ earnest adj. determined and serious认真的，迫切的，诚恳的 词组 be earnest about 热心于…… ‎ 例句 Parents are earnest about their children’s education. ‎ 父母对孩子的教育非常热心。‎ earth n. the planet on which we live; soil in which plants grow地球，土地 词组 the earth 地球 ‎ ‎ down to earth 实事求是的；实际的 ‎ ‎ on earth 在地上的；到底，究竟 ‎ ‎ ‎ ease n. the ability to do something without difficulty; the state without worries容易，不费力 ‎ n. make or become less severe; make less anxious; become less difficult放轻松 词组 feel at ease 心定气闲 ‎ at (one’s) ease 轻松的，安心地 例句 He answered the question with great ease. 他轻易地答复那些问题。‎ ‎ The news that her son passed the exam eased her mind. ‎ 她听到儿子通过考试的消息便安心了。‎ ‎ His words eased me of my anxiety. 他的话解除了我的忧虑。‎ Set your mind at ease. 请你放心。‎ 展开 easy adj. 容易的 ‎ ‎ The question is easy (for me) to answer. 这问题很容易回答。‎ ‎= It is easy (for me) to answer the question. ‎ ‎ Easier said than done. 说比做容易。‎ ‎ Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。‎ ‎ take it easy 从容不迫，放心 ‎ ‎ easily adv. = without difficulty east n. the direction from which the sun rises东方 ‎ adj. facing or in the direction from which the sun rises在东方 ‎ adv. 朝东方 towards the direction from which the sun rises 词组 the East 东方 ‎ the east coast 东海岸 例句 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。‎ ‎ The park is located in the east of the city. 公园坐落在城市的东部。‎ ‎ The park is located to the east of the museum.公园坐落于博物馆的东面。‎ ‎ The ship will travel east. (adv.) 船向动航行。‎ 展开 eastern adj. 东方的，东部的 ‎ eastward adv. 朝东方 ‎ eat v. (ate, eaten) take food through mouth吃 词组 eat up 吃完，大量消耗 ‎ eat one’s words （承认错误而）收回前言，为所说的话道歉 ‎ economy n. the system by which wealth is produced; the careful use of money经济；节约 词组 economy class 经济舱 ‎ 辨析 economic adj. 经济上的，经济学的 ‎ ‎ economical adj. 节约的，节俭的 ‎ ‎ 辨析下列句子：To buy cheap things is not always economical. ‎ ‎ 买便宜货不一定合算。‎ ‎ He left school for economic reason. 他因为经济原因而辍学。‎ ‎ the world’s economic situation 世界经济形势 ‎ economic growth 经济增长 展开 economically adv. 节约地，省钱地 ‎ ‎ economics n. 经济学 ‎ educate v. teach or train through formal instruction at a school or college教育 例句 She is a well-educated lady. 她是位有良好教育的女士。‎ 展开 education n. 教育 ‎ ‎ receive/obtain education 接受教育 ‎ college/university education 大学教育 ‎ elementary/primary education 小学教育 ‎ higher education 高等教育 effect n. a result or condition produced by a cause效果，结果，影响 ‎ 词组 have/produce an effect on… 对……有影响 ‎ bring … into effect 实行……，施行（法律等）‎ ‎ come into effect 开始实施，开始生效 例句 His new way of teaching produced a good effect. 他的新教学方法造成良好的效果。‎ The medicine had a good effect on me. 这种药对我有良好的效果。‎ ‎ The new regulations will be brought into effect next month.‎ ‎ 新的法规将于下月生效。‎ 展开 effective adj. 有效的，有作用的 ‎ efficient adj. working quickly without waste（指物）有效率的；（指人）有能力的 例句 The way you work is far from efficient. 你的工作方法一点也没有效率。‎ ‎ She is an efficient manager. 她是个能干的经理。‎ 展开 efficiency n. 效率 ‎ ‎ It will improve our efficiency if we introduce this machine. ‎ ‎ 假如我们引进这台机器，效率将会改进。‎ effort n. the use of physical strength or power of the mind; trying hard with mind or body努力 词组 make an effort 尽力 ‎ spare no effort 不遗余力 例句 He solved the problem without effort. 他毫不费力地解决了问题。‎ ‎ I made every effort to get it. 我竭尽全力要得到它。‎ He spared no effort to help the old man. 他不遗余力地帮助那个老人。‎ elder adj. older of the two年长的（old的辨析级，不与than连用；older与than连用）‎ 词组 one’s elder brother/sister 哥哥/姐姐 展开 elderly adj. 年长的，近老年的 ‎ ‎ the elderly people 老年人 elect vt. to choose someone for an official position by voting选举 例句 He was elected (as) monitor. 他被选为班长。‎ ‎ They elected me as a member of the committee. 他们选我为委员会成员之一。‎ electric adj. worked by electricity电的，有电的 词组 electric power 电力 ‎ electric fan 电扇 ‎ electric light 电灯 ‎ electrical appliance 电气用品 辨析 electric 指带电的 ‎ electrical 指与电相关的 ‎ 展开 electricity n. 电 cut off electricity 断电 ‎ electrician n. 电机师 ‎ elementary adj. simple and easy初步的，基本的 词组 elementary school 小学 elementary education 初等教育 ‎ embarrass vt. cause to feel anxious and uncomfortable使人窘迫，使为难 例句 Don’t embarrass them with personal questions. 不要用个人问题使他们为难。‎ ‎= Don’t embarrass them by asking personal questions.‎ 展开 embarrassed adj. 觉得不好意思的，发窘的 ‎ embarrassing adj. 令人不安的，令人为难的 ‎ emergency n. an unexpected and dangerous happening紧急情况，危急的形势 ‎ 词组 emergency exit 紧急出口，太平门 ‎ emergency ward 急诊室 ‎ emergency measures 紧急措施 例句 Sound the alarm in case of emergency. 紧急情况下请鸣警报。‎ emotion n. strong feeling of the human spirit 感情，情绪 ‎ 展开 归纳 emotion指喜怒哀乐等的情感，包括：joy, delight, pleasure, sorrow, despair, fear, anger, jealousy, love, hatred等等。‎ emotional adj. 感情上的 ‎ emphasis n. (pl. emphases) special attention given to something强调，重视 词组 lay/place/put emphasis on 强调 ‎ 例句 He spoke with emphasis on the medication. 他强调医疗的重要性。‎ 展开 emphasize vt. 强调……，着重 ‎ ‎ He emphasized that practice was most important. 他强调说实践最重要。‎ employ v. use the service of a person in return for pay 雇佣，聘请；使用 ‎ 例句 She was employed as a secretary in the company. 她被聘用为公司的秘书。‎ ‎ You should employ your money more wisely. 你应该更明智地用你的钱。‎ 展开 employee n. 雇员 ‎ employer n. 雇主 ‎ ‎ employment n. 雇佣；就业 ‎ ‎ unemployment n. 失业 ‎ ‎ be in/out of employment 有工作/失业 ‎ enable vt. make able; give authority to do something 使能够 ‎ 词组 enable sb. to do 使……能够做……‎ 例句 Coffee enables me to stay awake in these dull afternoons. ‎ ‎ 咖啡使我得以在这些无聊的下午保持清醒。‎ 展开 able adj. 有能力的 unable adj. 没有能力的 encourage vt. give hope, courage or confidence to; support鼓励，激励 词组 encourage sb. to do 鼓励……做 ‎ encourage sb. in sth. 鼓励某人的……‎ 例句 The teachers encouraged the boy in his effort to win the speech contest.‎ ‎ 老师鼓励这个孩子为赢得演讲比赛做出的努力。‎ My parents encouraged me to study abroad. 父母鼓励我出国学习。‎ 展开 encouragement n. 鼓励，刺激的话 courage n. 勇气 ‎ end n. farthest or last part末端，终点，结尾 ‎ v. come to an end; reach an end结束，终止 词组 bring sth. to an end 使……终止 ‎ come to an end 完毕，结束 ‎ from end to end 从头至尾 ‎ in the end 最后，终于 ‎ at the end of 在……的结尾 on end 笔直地；连续地 ‎ end up + n./doing/prep. 最后成为，以……告终 例句 He ended up the head of their group. 结果他成了组长。‎ ‎ If you keep doing so, you’ll end up in hospital.‎ 如果你继续这样做，你最终会生病住院的.‎ ‎ On the contrary, you will end up gaining weight if you skip breakfast. ‎ ‎ 恰恰相反，如果不吃早饭你最终会增加体重。‎ I wonder how to bring their fight to an end. 我不知道如何让他们停止吵架。‎ The meeting came to an end at midnight. 会议在午夜结束。‎ They came to no conclusion in the end. 他们最终没有得出任何结论。‎ We’ll give you the response at the end of this month. ‎ 我们将在本月底给你回音。‎ It has been snowing for a week on end. 已经连续下了一个月的雪了。‎ endure v. suffer; undergo pain; bear; put up with; continue to exist忍受，忍耐，持续 ‎ 例句 The Iraqi people endured many hardships during the war. ‎ 伊拉克人民在战火中忍受了许多艰难痛苦。‎ ‎ I can’t endure to see/endure seeing you so discouraged. 我不忍看到你如此沮丧。‎ 展开 endurance n. 持久力 ‎ energy n. force; vigor; capacity to do things and get things done精力，活力，能量 词组 devote one’s energy to sth. 致力于…… ‎ 展开 energetic adj. 精力旺盛的，精神饱满的 ‎ energize vt. 供给……能量；使有活力 ‎ engage v. take part in; be busy with从事于，参加，忙于 词组 engage (oneself) in sth./doing 从事 ‎ engage sb. in sth. 使某人参加 ‎ ‎ be engaged in sth./doing 从事……，忙于……‎ ‎ engage oneself to sb. / be engaged to 与……订婚 例句 The line is engaged. （电话）线路正忙。‎ He wants to engage (himself) in helping the blind. 他想从事帮助盲人的工作。‎ ‎ We engaged him in conversation. 我们设法使他加入谈话。‎ ‎ I’m engaged in answering telephone now. 我现在忙着接电话呢。‎ ‎ My daughter is engaged to a young doctor. 我女儿和一个年轻的医生订婚了。‎ 展开 engagement n. 约定；订婚 ‎ fulfill an engagement 践约 break an engagement 毁约 enter into an engagement with 与……订约 enjoy vt. get pleasure from; take delight in喜欢，享受……的乐趣 词组 enjoy oneself 过得快乐 例句 I enjoy swimming very much. 我很喜欢游泳。‎ Did you enjoy yourself last weekend? 上周末你过得好吗？‎ 展开 enjoyable adj. 愉快的 ‎ ‎ enjoyment n. 享乐，享乐的事 ‎ enlarge v. make or become larger扩大 ‎ 展开 归纳 前缀en- 将形容词或名词变成动词，意思为“使变成……”，如：‎ ‎ large – enlarge courage – encourage able – enable ‎ rich – enrich power – empower title – entitle Unit Nine ensure vt. make sure; guarantee; make safe 担保，保证 词组 ensure sb. sth. 保证某人…… ‎ ensure that … 保证……‎ 例句 His recommendation will ensure me a job. 他的推荐保证我找得到工作。‎ ‎ I can’t ensure that she will be elected our monitor. ‎ 我不能保证她会被选为班长。‎ We should ensure ourselves against all possible risks. ‎ 我们要保护自己，防备任何危险。‎ enter v. come or go into; become a member of进入 词组 enter for 报名参加 ‎ enter into 开始交涉；缔结协定 例句 My child has already entered for the singing contest. ‎ 我的孩子报名参加了歌唱比赛。‎ ‎ The two countries entered into an agreement after long-term discussion.‎ ‎ 长期商讨后两国订立了协议。‎ He entered this company 3 years ago. 他三年前进入了这家公司。‎ entertain vt. receive people as guests; give food and drink to给……娱乐，款待 例句 She entertained us with refreshments. 她请我们吃点心。‎ ‎ His jokes entertained us throughout the party. 聚会中他的笑话逗乐了我们。‎ 展开 entertainer n. 表演者 ‎ ‎ entertaining adj. 有趣的，快乐的 ‎ ‎ entertainment n. 娱乐 ‎ entitle vt. give right to; have something as a title 给……权力；冠名 ‎ 词组 entitle sb. to sth. 使……有资格 ‎ entitle sb. to do 使……有权力做…… ‎ 例句 This ticket entitles you to a free dinner. 凭这张票你可享用免费晚餐。‎ ‎ What entitles you to criticize us? 你有什么权力批评我们？‎ Have you entitled your book yet? 你给你的书命名了吗？‎ entrance n. opening, gate, door, by which one enters; coming or going in入口，进入 词组 entrance examination 入学考试 ‎ entrance to university 大学入学许可 equal adj. the same in amount, degree, value, etc相等的，平等的 ‎ ‎ vt. be the same; be equal to等于 词组 be equal to 与……相等 ‎ 例句 They are equal in ability. (in 指在某个方面) 他们能力相等。‎ ‎ All men are born equal. 人生来平等。‎ ‎ Two and five equals seven. 二加五等于七。‎ ‎ John is equal to Charles in height. 约翰和查尔斯身高相等。‎ equip (equipped, equipped) vt. supply something for purpose配备；使有准备 词组 equip sth. with sth. 为……配备……‎ ‎ be equipped with 配备了……‎ ‎ equip sth. for … / be equipped for 为……做好准备 例句 Our school equipped the laboratories with proper facilities.‎ ‎ 我们学校的实验室配备了妥善的设备。‎ ‎ This cruise boat is equipped with newest GPS system.‎ ‎ 这条游船上配备了最新的GPS系统。‎ ‎ She is fully equipped for the mountain climbing. 她为登山做好了充分的准备。‎ 展开 equipment n. [u] 装备，设备 ‎ escape v. get free; get away; find a way out逸出，逃跑 ‎ n. act of getting free; means of avoiding逃走，逃避 词组 escape from 从…逃出 ‎ escape sth./ doing 脱离 ‎ make one’s escape 逃跑 ‎ have a narrow escape 幸免于难 例句 Fortunately, most people escaped from the burning building.‎ ‎ 幸运的是，大多数人都逃离了着火的房子。‎ ‎ Finally the kid escaped punishment/escaped being punished.‎ ‎ 最终这个孩子免于惩罚。‎ ‎ The robbers made their escape in a car. 劫犯坐车逃跑了。‎ ‎ The Beans family had a narrow escape from the hurricane last year.‎ ‎ 比恩一家去年幸免躲过了那场飓风。‎ I narrowly escaped death by luck. 我侥幸逃过一死全凭运气。‎ especially adv. to an exceptional degree; in particular特别地，尤其 ‎ 辨析 especially = particularly 表示程度深，尤其 ‎ specially 表示特别为……准备的，特地地 ‎ 辨析下列句子：This watch is specially designed for you. 这手表是特别为你设计的。‎ ‎ The weather in Shanghai is not very pleasant, especially in summer.‎ ‎ 上海的天气并不好，尤其是在夏天。‎ essential adj. necessary; most important; fundamental 必要的，实质的 例句 it is essential that… ……是绝对必要的 ‎ It is essential that you (should) work hard on vocabulary.‎ ‎ 你完全有必要努力学习词汇。‎ ‎ it is essential for sb. to do 做……是绝对必要的 ‎ It is essential for us to set a practical goal. 有必要设定一个实用的目标。‎ 展开 essentially adv. 本质上 establish vt. set up; put on a firm foundation 建立，设立 词组 establish oneself as 确立某人作为……的地位 ‎ 例句 The company was established in 1993. 这家公司成立于1993年。‎ ‎ His new research established him as a qualified professor. ‎ ‎ 他的新研究使他成为合格的教授。‎ 展开 establishment n. 设立，确立 eve n. day or evening before a festival (重要日子的)前夜，前夕 词组 on Christmas Eve 在圣诞夜 ‎ on New Year’s Eve 在除夕 even adv. (used to invite a comparison) which is more than might be expected 甚至，即使 词组 even if = even though conj. 即使，纵使 ‎ ‎ even so 即便如此 例句 It’s raining. But even so, we still enjoyed the party. ‎ 下雨了。可是即便如此，我们的聚会依然很过得很愉快。‎ Even if I have to sell my house, I’ll keep my business going. ‎ ‎ 即使要卖掉房子，我也要继续我的事业。‎ evening n. the end of the day and early part of the night 傍晚，晚上 词组 good evening 晚上好 evening dress 晚礼服 ‎ ‎ evening paper 晚报 evening school 夜校 ‎ ‎ evening show 夜场演出 ‎ ever adv. at any time; always （从前）任何时候 词组 ever since 从……之后一直 ‎ for ever = forever 永远地 ‎ 例句 I’ve known her ever since she was a baby. 自从她是个婴儿的时候我就认识她了。‎ every adj. each of more than two; once in each 每一，每个的 词组 every now and then 有时，不时 ‎ ‎ every other day/year/line 每隔一天/年/行 ‎ ‎ every four hours/days/years 每四小时/天/年一次 ‎ everyday adj. ordinary, common, and usual 每天的，日常的 辨析 everyday 是形容词，用于：everyday life, everyday clothes ‎ every day 是副词性的词组，作状语：She goes to the grocery’s every day.‎ evidence n. something that gives proof or reasons 证据；迹象 例句 There is no evidence that he is guilty. = There is no evidence of his being guilty.‎ ‎ 没有迹象表明他有罪。‎ 展开 evident adj. 显然的，明显的 ‎ It is evident that … 很显然……‎ ‎ It is evident that he is wrong. 很显然他是错的。‎ exact adj. correct in every detail; completely according to fact 精确的，确切的 词组 to be exact 精确地说 ‎ 例句 To be exact, the temperature now is ‎31.1°C. 精确地说，现在的气温是31.1度。‎ 展开 exactly adv. 正确地，正是 ‎ exactly speaking 严格地说 except prep. not including; leaving out; apart from 除……之外 例句 He reads nothing except comic magazines. 他除了漫画书以外什么都不看。‎ ‎ I know nothing about him except that he is a lawyer. ‎ 除了他是个律师之外，我对他一无所知。‎ ‎ He goes to the library every day except when he is not well. ‎ ‎ 他除了不舒服的时候，每天都去图书馆。‎ 辨析 besides 除……之外还有（包含在内）‎ ‎ except 除了……（不包括在内）‎ ‎ except for 要不是……，所指的项目和主句中的项目不是同一性质 ‎ 辨析下列句子：‎ ‎ The room has no furniture except a broken chair.（chair属于furniture的一种）‎ ‎ The room is empty except for a broken chair.（主句中没有和chair同一性质的物体）‎ ‎ The room has a broom besides a broken chair. (除了chair外还有broom)‎ 展开 exception n. 例外 ‎ ‎ without exception 毫无例外地 ‎ exchange n. the act of giving and receiving in return 交换，交流 ‎ ‎ v. to give and receive in return 交换，交易 ‎ 词组 exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换……‎ ‎ exchange sth. for sth. 以……交换……‎ ‎ culture exchange 文化交流 ‎ foreign exchange 外汇 ‎ stock exchange 股市 例句 Shall I exchange seats with you? 我可以和你换座位吗？‎ ‎ May I exchange my bike for your watch? 能用我的自行车换你的手表吗？‎ 展开 exchangeable adj. 可交换的，可兑换的 ‎ excite vt. cause to lose calmness and have strong feeling of happiness 使激动，引起 展开 exciting adj. 刺激的，使人兴奋的 ‎ ‎ excited adj. 兴奋的，激动的 ‎ excitement n. [u] 兴奋 [c] 使人兴奋的事物 ‎ ‎ an exciting moment 兴奋的时刻 excuse vt. forgive someone for a small fault 原谅，宽恕 ‎ ‎ n. the reason, whether true or untrue, given when asking to be forgiven 辩解，借口 ‎ 词组 excuse sb. for doing 原谅某人的行为 ‎ ‎ excuse sb. from sth. 使某人免除…… ‎ ‎ Excuse me. 对不起（用于打断别人，与陌生人说话等引起别人注意）‎ 例句 The teacher excused him for being late. = The teacher excused his being late.‎ ‎ 老师原谅了他迟到。‎ ‎ We were excused from punishment. 我们免于受罚。‎ exercise n. v. use of any part of the body or mind to strengthen and improve it锻炼，练习 ‎ 词组 do exercises 运动，作体操 exercise book 练习簿 ‎ exhaust vt. tire out; use up completely 耗尽；使筋疲力尽 展开 exhausting adj. 令人身心疲惫的 ‎ exhausted adj. （感到）耗尽的，筋疲力尽的 ‎ ‎ exhaustion n. [u] 疲劳，枯竭 ‎ exhibit n. [[c] something or a set of things shown in public 展览品 ‎ 展开 exhibition n. 展览会 s ‎ on exhibition 陈列中，展览中 ‎ ‎ an art exhibition 艺术展览 ‎ ‎ an international exhibition 国际博览会 ‎ existence n. the state of living or being real 存在 ‎ 词组 come into existence (vi.) 产生，成立 ‎ ‎ in existence 现存的，现有的 ‎ 例句 This new country came into existence in 1997. 这个新国家1997年成立的。‎ ‎ This is the oldest building in existence. 这是现存最古老的建筑。‎ 展开 exist vi. 存在，靠……生活 ‎ expand vt. increase in size, number, volume, degree, etc.; become or make larger扩大，展开 ‎ 辨析 expand 表示面积的扩大或体积的膨胀 ‎ extend 表示空间、时间的延长 ‎ 辨析下列句子：The newly-built road extends to the airport. 新建的公路通往机场。‎ ‎ Metals expand when they are heated. 金属受热膨胀。‎ 展开 expansion n. 扩大 ‎ ‎ ‎ expect vt. think or believe that sth. is likely to come or happen 期待，预料 例句 I’m expecting a telephone call from her. 我在等她的电话。‎ ‎ I never expected that we could win this time. 我从没想到我们这次会赢。‎ ‎ I expect him to come soon. 我期望他尽快回来。‎ 展开 as is expected 正如所预料的那样 ‎ ‎ As is expected, the temperature is going up continuously.‎ ‎ 正如所预料的那样，气温持续上升。‎ ‎ more … than expected 比预料的更…… ‎ ‎ He made a better speech than expected. 他的演讲比预期的更好。‎ expectation n. 期待，预料 ‎ ‎ contrary to one’s expectation 出乎意料地 ‎ ‎ Contrary to my expectation, he was not annoyed by my words.‎ ‎ 出乎意料，他并没有因为我的话生气。‎ ‎ beyond/out of expectation 出乎意料地 ‎ ‎ The Italian team was beaten out of expectation. 意大利队出乎意料地输了。‎ unexpected adj. 始料未及的 ‎ expense n. cost in money, time or effort; money used for a certain purpose 花费，费用 ‎ 词组 at one’s own expense 自费 spare no expense 不惜花费巨资 ‎ ‎ cut down on expenses 缩减开支 living expenses 生活费 ‎ ‎ at any expense 不管花多少钱 ‎ 展开 expensive adj. 昂贵的，花钱的 ‎ ‎ It is expensive to travel by plane. 坐飞机旅行很昂贵。‎ experience vt. fell, suffer, or learn by doing something for a long time 经验，经历 ‎ ‎ n. [u] knowledge which comes from activity or doing sth. for a long time经验，体验 ‎ n. [c] sth. that happens to one and has an effect on the mind and feelings经验的事，经历 ‎ 例句 He experienced great sufferings when he was young. 他年轻的时候经历了很多苦难。‎ ‎ She has eight years’ experience in teaching. 她有八年的教学经历。‎ He wrote to tell me the experiences in Africa. 他写信告诉我在非洲的经历。‎ experiment n. v. trial made in order to learn sth. or prove the truth of an idea 实验 ‎ 词组 make/carry out/perform/conduct/do an experiment on sth. 用……做实验 expert n. a person with special skill or knowledge which comes from experience 专家，能手 ‎ ‎ adj. with special skill or knowledge which comes from experience 熟练的；内行的 词组 be expert in 在……方面内行 ‎ 例句 He is expert in cooking. 他烹调方面很在行。‎ explain v. make sth. clear to understand by speaking or writing; give reason for 说明，解释 ‎ 词组 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释…… ‎ explain that … 解释说……‎ 例句 He explained the outline of the his plan to us. 他向我们解释了他计划的概要。‎ ‎ Please explain to me why you are late again. 请解释为何你又迟到了。‎ ‎ She explained that she couldn’t come because she was ill.‎ ‎ 她解释说她不能来是因为她病了。‎ 展开 explanation n. 解释，说明 ‎ ‎ What’s his explanation for his being so cruel to animals? ‎ 他对待动物这么残忍，有什么解释吗？‎ give/offer/provide an explanation 给予解释 ‎ express vt. show a feeling or opinion in words 表达，表示 ‎ ‎ n. a service given by the post office to carry things faster than usual快车，快递 ‎ 词组 express sth. to sb. 对某人表达…… ‎ ‎ express oneself 表达自己的意思 ‎ ‎ express train 快车 ‎ ‎ express highway 高速公路 ‎ express delivery 快递 ‎ ‎ express company 快递公司 ‎ 例句 She expressed her thanks to us. 她向我们表达了她的谢意。‎ ‎ I cannot express to you how important your words mean to me.‎ ‎ 我难以向你表达你的话对我的意义有多重大。‎ 展开 expression n. 表达；表情；措辞 ‎ extent n. the length or area to which something reaches 广度，宽度，范围，程度 ‎ 词组 to some extent = to a certain extent 到某种程度 ‎ ‎ to a great/large extent 大部分，从很大程度上说 ‎ ‎ to what extent 到何种程度 ‎ ‎ to such an extent that… 到……的程度 ‎ 例句 To some extent, what he did had great effect on our decision.‎ ‎ 从某种程度上说，他的所作所为对我们的决定有很大的影响。‎ ‎ I agree with you to a large extent. 从很大程度上我同意你的意见。‎ ‎ To what extent do you believe in him? 你相信他到何种程度？‎ ‎ They live in poverty, to such an extent that they cannot afford a TV set.‎ ‎ 他们很穷，甚至到了买不起电视机的程度。‎ 展开 extend v. 延长，扩展 ‎ ‎ extensive adj. 广阔的，大量的，广泛的 ‎ ‎ extension n. 延长，伸展；电话分机 ‎ extraordinary adj. strange; special; more than what is ordinary 异常的，不平常的；非凡的 ‎ 词组 it is extraordinary that… ……是不平常的 ‎ 例句 It is extraordinary that he refused our request. ‎ 他拒绝了我们的请求，真是不寻常。‎ extreme adj. greatest possible; of the highest degree; going beyond the limits末端的，极度的 ‎ ‎ n. the furthest possible limit极端 词组 go to extreme 走极端 ‎ 展开 extremely adv. 极其，非常地 ‎ eye n. the bodily organ with which one sees; the power of seeing眼睛；目光 ‎ 词组 close/shut one’s eyes 闭上眼睛 ‎ open one’s eyes 睁开眼睛 ‎ an eye for an eye 以眼还眼，以牙还牙 ‎ ‎ in the eyes of sb. 以某人的眼光来看，依某人看 ‎ ‎ keep an eye on sth. 留神，看管 ‎ ‎ catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意 ‎ ‎ eye exercises 眼保健操 eyesight n. the power of seeing 视力 词组 have good/poor eyesight 视力好/视力不好 face n. the front part of the head from the chin to the forehead and hair 脸，面孔 ‎ ‎ vt. turn the face towards sth.; in a certain direction 面向，面临 ‎ 词组 lose one’s face 失面子 ‎ ‎ save one’s face 挽回面子 ‎ make a face at sb. 向……扮鬼脸 ‎ shave one’s face 刮脸 ‎ face to face 面对面 ‎ ‎ in one’s face 当着某人的面 ‎ in the face of … 面对……，不顾…… ‎ ‎ pull/put on a long face 拉长脸，不高兴 ‎ ‎ be faced with 面临，面对 ‎ 例句 He came face to face with death. 他面临着死亡。‎ ‎ They laughed in my face. 他们当面嘲笑我。‎ ‎ She was calm in the face of emergency. 面临危难她依然保持冷静。‎ ‎ The building faces south. 这栋楼朝南。‎ ‎ The little boy was brave facing the robbers. 面对强盗这个小男孩十分勇敢。‎ I am faced with a new problem. = a new problem faces me. 我面临着新问题。‎ facility n. an arrangement or system that makes sth. possible便利；（常用~ies）设施，设备 ‎ 词组 public facilities 公共设施 ‎ ‎ kitchen facilities 厨房设备 ‎ transportation facilities 交通设施 fact n. sth. that has actually happened; sth. known to be true 事实，实际 ‎ 词组 in fact = as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上 ‎ ‎ The fact is, … 事实是……，真相是…… ‎ 例句 The fact that he failed the test astonished me. 他考试不及格这个事实使我很惊讶。 I’m not pleased. In fact, I’m a little annoyed. 我并不愉快。事实上，我有点生气。‎ ‎ The fact is, he accepted my money. 事实上，他接受了我的钱。‎ fail vi. be unsuccessful in; not pass; become weak 失败；不及格；衰弱 ‎ vt. make not pass; be unable to continue 使不及格；未能……，忘记…… ‎ 词组 fail (in) sth. 失败，不及格 ‎ ‎ fail sb. 使某人不及格 ‎ ‎ fail to do 未能做…… ‎ 例句 I can’t believe he failed (in) the exam again. 我无法相信他考试又不及格了。‎ ‎ The teacher failed half the class. 老师给了班上半数的同学不及格。‎ ‎ The plane failed to arrive on time. 飞机没能准时抵达。‎ Her health has been failing. = She has been failing in health. 她的身体越来越差。‎ 展开 failure n. 失败，不及格，没做到 ‎ ‎ a power failure 停电 反义词：success n. succeed v.‎ ‎ ‎ fair adj. free from dishonesty; good; reasonable; clear of weather 公平的；晴朗的；尚好的 ‎ ‎ n. a market held at a place at regular periods for selling farm products 博览会，集市 ‎ 词组 fair play 公平的比赛 a book fair 书展 ‎ 例句 The teacher is fair with his students. 他对学生很公平。‎ ‎ It will be fair tomorrow. 明天天气晴朗。‎ ‎ There is a fair chance of success. 有相当的成功机会。‎ 展开 fairly adv. 相当地 ‎ 辨析 a) fairly 修饰表肯定意义的词，或本身为肯定的意义，表示愉快、满意的意思。‎ ‎ rather 修饰表否定意义的词，或本身为否定的意义，表示不满、失望的意思。‎ ‎ 辨析下列句子：‎ ‎ It’s fairly warm today. 今天相当暖和。（感到舒服）‎ ‎ It’s rather warm today. 今天相当炎热。（感到不悦）‎ ‎ b) rather 可用于辨析级和too之前，而fair不能 ‎ I did rather better this time. 我这次做得更好。‎ ‎ That’s rather too much for me. 那对我来说太多了。‎ faith n. firm belief; trust; complete confidence 信任，信心，信念 ‎ 词组 have faith in / place one’s faith in 相信，信任 ‎ lose faith in 对……失去信心 ‎ 例句 I have faith in what he says. 我信赖他说的话。‎ 展开 faithful adj. 忠实的 faithfully adv. 忠实地，诚实地 ‎ ‎ Yours faithfully, 用于正式书信等信尾的客套话 fake n. a person or thing that pretends to be what it looks like 假货，赝品 ‎ ‎ adj. made and intended to cheat 冒牌的，假的 ‎ 词组 fake money 伪钞 ‎ ‎ fake diamond 假冒钻石 ‎ ‎ fake policeman 假冒的警察 ‎ fall (fell, fell) vi. move to a lower position or level 跌倒，落下 ‎ ‎ n. an act of moving to a lower position or level; autumn 落下；没落；秋天 ‎ 词组 fall on （光线等）投射于……‎ ‎ fall into （不用被动）变为某种状态，养成坏习惯 ‎ ‎ fall off 从……掉落 ‎ 例句 The cup fell from the table to the floor. 杯子从桌上掉到了地上。‎ ‎ The price of gasoline has fell sharply. 汽油价格急剧下跌。‎ Night fell on the mountain village. 夜幕降临在这个山村。‎ ‎ He fell into smoking when he was studying in university.‎ ‎ 他在大学学习的时候，养成了抽烟的坏习惯。‎ ‎ She fell off the bike. 她掉下了自行车。‎ false adj. not true or correct; not real; not faithful or loyal 不正确的，不真实的 ‎ 词组 false tears 假哭 ‎ ‎ a false friend 不忠实的朋友 ‎ ‎ false teeth 假牙 ‎ fame n. the condition of being well known and talked about 名望，名气 ‎ 词组 win/earn/come to one’s fame 成名 ‎ ‎ good fame 好名声 ‎ ‎ ill fame 坏名声 ‎ 展开 famous adj. 有名的 ‎ Unit Ten familiar adj. generally known; common; have a thorough knowledge of 熟悉的 ‎ 词组 sth. is familiar to sb. 某事对某人来说很熟悉 ‎ sb. is familiar with sth. 某人熟悉某事 例句 His name is familiar to me. 我很熟悉他的名字。‎ ‎ He is more familiar with modern music than I.‎ 他比我更熟悉现代音乐。‎ family n. one’s parents; grandparents, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts, etc. 家庭，家族 ‎ 词组 feed/raise/support a family 抚养家庭 ‎ a big/large family 大家庭 ‎ a nuclear/small family 小家庭 ‎ family name 姓 ‎ ‎ family tree 家谱 ‎ famous adj. very well known著名的 ‎ 词组 be famous for 因……而著名 be famous as 作为……而著名 ‎ 例句 The town is famous for its ancient castles. 这个小镇因古代城堡而著名。‎ ‎ He is becoming more famous as a writer. 他作为作家越来越著名。‎ far adj. adv. (farther, farthest; further, furthest) from a great distance 远的，远地 词组 as far as a) 远到……程度 b) 就……而言 ‎ ‎ As far as sth. is concerned, … 就……而言 ‎ ‎ As far as I remember, … 就我所记得 ‎ ‎ by far 非常地（修饰最高级） ‎ ‎ far from 远离；一点也不…… ‎ ‎ so far 至今，到目前为止（常用现在完成时态）‎ 例句 He worked far into the night. 他工作到深夜。‎ ‎ She speaks English far better than I.‎ 她的英语比我说得好得多。‎ We walked as far as the end of the road. 我们一直走到了路的尽头。‎ ‎ As far as I know, these children have never been to school.‎ ‎ 就我所知，这些孩子从没上过学。‎ ‎ As far as I’m concerned, this plan is not practical.‎ ‎ 就我而言，这个计划并不实际。‎ ‎ This material is by far the most suitable. 这种材料显然是最合适的。‎ ‎ I’m far from happy in my present job. 我现在的工作一点也不愉快。‎ ‎ Your report is far from satisfactory. 你的报告绝不令人满意。‎ ‎ His behavior in the game was far from perfect. 他比赛中的表现决不完美。‎ ‎ He has been to 39 countries so far. 他至今已经到过39个国家了。‎ 辨析 farther, farthest 用于表示距离 ‎ further, furthest 一般用于表示程度 ‎ 辨析下列句子：‎ ‎ The bar is at the farther end of the room. 酒吧在房间较远的那头。‎ ‎ Which of the hotels is the farthest/furthest from us? 哪个酒店离我们最远？‎ ‎ I’ll give you further details later. 我以后再和你谈更多的细节。‎ ‎ He decided to go to Europe for further study. 他决定去欧洲深造。‎ farewell n. adj. goodbye 告别，再见 ‎ 词组 Farewell to arms! 永别了，武器！‎ ‎ farewell party 欢送会 ‎ say/bid farewell to sb. 向某人告别 farm n. an area of land concerning with the growing of crops, raising animals, etc. 农场 ‎ 词组 on a farm 在农场 ‎ run a farm 经营农场 展开 farmer n. 农场主，农夫 farming n. 农业，养殖 ‎ fascinate vt. attract and hold the interest or attention of使入迷；迷住 词组 be fascinated by/with 为……所吸引 ‎ ‎ We are fascinated by the beauty of the mountain village. 我们被山村的美景所吸引。‎ 展开 fascinating adj. 迷人的，极美的 ‎ ‎ fascinated adj. 着迷的 ‎ ‎ fascination n. 魅力，迷恋 ‎ fashion n. the way of dressing that is usual or popular at a certain time方式，样子；流行式样 词组 the latest fashion 最新款式 be in fashion 正流行 ‎ ‎ be out of fashion 不再流行 follow the fashion 赶时髦 ‎ set a fashion 开风气之先，领导潮流 a fashion show 时装表演 展开 fashionable adj. 流行的，时尚的 ‎ fast adj. adv. quickly; firmly; tightly 快；牢固的 ‎ 词组 fast food 快餐 辨析 fast一般表示动作速度快，动作过程的时间短 ‎ quick一般表示反应快 ‎ 辨析下列句子：‎ ‎ Don’t drive so fast. 不要开得这么快。（驾驶的速度快）‎ ‎ Shanghai is growing very fast during the 20 years. ‎ 这20年里上海发展得非常快。（变化的速度快）‎ ‎ He was quick to notice his mistake. 他很快注意到了错误。（快速地反应）‎ 展开 fasten v. 系牢，缚紧，栓住 ‎ father n. male parent of a child or animal 父亲 词组 fathers 祖先 the father 创始者 ‎ Father 神父 Father Christmas 圣诞老人 ‎ Father’s Day 父亲节 fault n. a mistake or imperfection; something wrong or incorrect; a weak point 缺点，错误 ‎ 词组 find fault with sb. 挑剔某人的毛病 ‎ 例句 It is my fault that we lost the game. 输了比赛应该怪我。‎ He is always finding fault with me. 他总是对我百般挑剔。‎ 展开 faulty adj. 有错误的，有毛病的 ‎ ‎ faulty electrical appliance 坏的电器 favour n. generous treatment; sympathy or kindness towards one person 恩惠，帮助 ‎ ‎ v. support or believe in; give support to 支持，赞同 ‎ 词组 ask a favour of sb. 拜托某人 ‎ ‎ do sb. a favour = do a favour for sb. 帮某人 ‎ ‎ in one’s favour 对某人有利 ‎ ‎ in favour of 支持……，赞同…… ‎ 例句 A teacher shouldn’t show much favour to a student. 老师不能太偏袒某个学生。‎ ‎ Mother favours the elder brother. 母亲偏爱哥哥。‎ ‎ I favour basketball over soccer. 较之足球我更喜欢篮球。‎ ‎ The weather is in our favour. 天气对我们有利。‎ He made a speech in favour of the motion. 他发言赞同这个提议。‎ 展开 favourite adj. 最喜爱的 ‎ ‎ favourable adj. 赞同的，顺利的，有利的；讨人喜欢的 ‎ fear n. strong feeling caused by the presence of danger 害怕，恐惧 ‎ 词组 for fear of 以免……，惟恐…… ‎ ‎ for fear (that) 以免……，以防…… ‎ 例句 She has a great fear of snakes. 她非常害怕蛇。‎ ‎ There is no fear of an earthquake. 地震没什么可怕的。‎ Turn off the electric fan for fear of catching a cold. 关掉电扇，以免感冒。‎ ‎ She hid the present for fear that it would be found by the kids.‎ ‎ 她把礼物藏起来以防被孩子们找到。‎ 展开 fearful adj. 可怕的，害怕的 ‎ ‎ be fearful of 担心，害怕 ‎ ‎ The baby is fearful of loud noises. 这孩子害怕响声。‎ ‎ be fearful that 担心是否会…… ‎ ‎ She was fearful that she would lose the job.她担心会失去工作。‎ feed (fed, fed) vt. give food to; eat 给……喂食，喂养 ‎ 词组 feed sth. to … 给……喂（食物）‎ ‎ feed … on 用……来喂养 ‎ ‎ feed on （动物）吃……为生 ‎ feed back 反馈，回馈 ‎ ‎ be fed up with 感到厌烦 例句 How often do you feed your dog a day? 你每天喂几次狗啊？‎ ‎ He has a large family to feed. 他要养活一大家子。‎ I feed meat to my dog. 我给狗喂肉。‎ I feed my dog on meat. 我用肉来喂养我的狗。‎ ‎ Cows feed on grass. 牛吃草为生。‎ ‎ I am fed up with your excuse. 我已经听腻了你的借口。‎ feel (felt, felt) v. get knowledge by touching with fingers; think or believe 感觉，觉得 ‎ 词组 feel as if = feel as though 觉得好像 ‎ feel like sth./doing 感觉想…… ‎ ‎ feel oneself 如往常般健康 ‎ ‎ feel free to do sth. 请随便……；欢迎你…… ‎ 例句 She felt as if she were flying in the sky. 她感觉就象飞翔在空中。‎ Do you feel like a walk/taking a walk? 想不想去散步？‎ He is feeling himself again. 他恢复健康了。‎ Please feel free to make suggestions. 欢迎您提出建议。‎ 展开 feeling n. 感觉，感情 ‎ ‎ I have a feeling that something is about to happen. 我感觉即将会发生什么事。‎ ‎ He doesn’t show much feeling for classic music.他对古典音乐没什么感觉。‎ 辨析 feeling表示笼统的感觉 ‎ sense 表示五官的感受以及直觉等 ‎ sense of humour幽默感 sense of direction方向感 festival n. special occasion marked by public enjoyment 节日，（音乐、戏剧等）节 词组 the Spring Festival 春节 music festival 音乐节 ‎ fever n. an illness which develops a very high temperature 发烧 ‎ 词组 a high fever 高烧 have/catch a fever 发烧 few adj. not many; not enough 少数的；不多的 ‎ 词组 a few 一些（修饰可数名词） ‎ ‎ not a few 不少的，相当多的 ‎ ‎ only a few 仅少数，只有几个 ‎ ‎ quite a few 相当多的 ‎ ‎ no fewer than 多达……（修饰可数名词，强调数量多）‎ 例句 No fewer than 20 people were waiting in line. 有多达20个人在排队。‎ Not a few people have made similar mistake. 不少人犯过类似的错。‎ Only a few parents have tried this method. 只有少数家长尝试过这种方法。‎ We have to wait quite a few weeks. 我们必须等上好几个星期。‎ fiction n. stories about imaginary people and events 小说，虚构的事 ‎ 词组 science fiction 科幻小说 展开 fictional adj. 小说的，虚构的 ‎ field n. area of land; an open area 旷野，田，战场，球场；视野；领域 ‎ 词组 a football field 足球场 ‎ a training field 训练场 ‎ the field of art/politics 艺术/政治领域 ‎ the field of battle 战场 ‎ field event 田赛项目 （径赛项目track event）‎ ‎ field hospital 野战医院 fight (fought, fought) v. use violence in a battle; quarrel 与……打仗；战斗，奋斗 ‎ n. an act of fighting between two people, countries, etc; battle 斗争，打架 词组 fight for 为……而战 fight against/with 与……战斗 ‎ fight back 还击 例句 They were fighting for liberation. 他们为解放而奋斗。‎ ‎ They fought against the enemy fiercely. 他们与敌人猛烈作战。‎ ‎ He fought against cancer and lived to be 80. 他和癌症搏斗活到了80岁。‎ ‎ ‎ figure n. a whole human body; number signs from 0 to 9; diagram 数字，图形，姿势，人物 ‎ ‎ v. take an important or noticeable part; appear 认为，描绘 ‎ 词组 deep one’s figure 保持体形 ‎ a public figure 公众人物 ‎ figure out （思考后）理解；计算出 ‎ 例句 I can’t figure out why she did so. 我无法理解她为何这么做。‎ fill v. make or become full; be put into 充满，装满 ‎ 词组 fill sth. with 将（容器）填满 ‎ be filled with 被……所填满，充满着 ‎ ‎ fill in 填写 ‎ ‎ fill out 填写（表格等） ‎ 例句 Now, fill the tube with water. 现在请在试管内装满水。‎ The room is filled with her laughter. 屋里充满着她的笑声。‎ Please fill in the application form. 请填写申请书。‎ film n. movie; a roll of material used in a camera to take photos or make movies 电影；胶卷 ‎ 词组 a roll of film 一卷胶卷 ‎ make a film 拍电影 ‎ see a film 看电影 final adj. last; coming at the end; that can’t be changed 最终的，决定性的 ‎ ‎ n. the last in a set of matches; the last examination (常用finals)决赛；期末考试 ‎ 词组 final decision 最后决定 ‎ ‎ final examination 期末考试 ‎ ‎ take the finals 进行期末考试 展开 finally adv. 结果，最后 ‎ find (found, found) vt. discover; get sb. or sth. that is hidden 找到，发现 ‎ 词组 find sth. (to be) + adj./n. 发现某事……‎ ‎ find out （经过努力）查找出，获知 ‎ ‎ find one’s way 找到出路 例句 I found the book really helpful. = I found that the book was really helpful.‎ ‎ 我发现这本书真的很有用。‎ ‎ We finally found out the cause of the fire. 我们终于找出了火灾的起因。‎ ‎ ‎ fine adj. beautiful; of high quality; bright and sunny 美好的，晴朗的，健康的，精巧的 ‎ 词组 fine weather 晴天 ‎ I’m fine. （回答 “How are you?”）很好。‎ ‎ the fine arts 美术，艺术 ‎ fine gold 纯金 展开 n. vt. 罚款 ‎ be fined for 因……处以罚金 ‎ ‎ He was fined 50 yuan for spitting. 他因随地吐痰被罚50元。‎ ‎ pay a fine 付罚金 ‎ ‎ a heavy fine 高额罚金 finger n. the five parts at the end of each hand 手指 ‎ 词组 cross one’s fingers = keep one’s fingers crossed（交叉中指和食指）祝好运 ‎ index finger 食指 middle finger 中指 ‎ ring finger 无名指 little finger 小指 finish v. come to an end; reach the end of 结束，完毕 ‎ 词组 finish doing/sth. 做完……‎ ‎ finish off 吃完，喝完 ‎ 例句 The children finished off all the cake. 孩子们吃完了整个蛋糕。‎ I haven’t finished writing the report yet. 我还没写完报告。‎ 展开 finished adj. 完工的，结束了的 ‎ fire n. the condition of burning; flames, light and great heat 火 ‎ ‎ v. shoot off bullets; dismiss from a job 开火，发射；解雇 词组 be on fire （强调状态）着火 ‎ catch fire （强调动作）着火 ‎ play with fire 玩火；做危险的事 ‎ make a fire 生火 ‎ put out the fire 灭火 ‎ set fire to sth. / set sth. on fire 纵火于……，放火 ‎ fire alarm 火警 ‎ fire brigade 消防队 ‎ fire engine 消防车 ‎ fire extinguisher 灭火器 ‎ fire fighter 消防队员 ‎ fire insurance 火灾保险 例句 The garage is on fire. 车库着火了。‎ The garage caught fire last night. 昨晚车库着火了。‎ Who set the house on fire? 是谁放的火？‎ ‎ He fired a gun at a snake. 他向蛇开了枪。‎ ‎ The company fired him for not coming to work on time. ‎ 公司因为他不准时上班开除了他。‎ ‎ ‎ fit v. be the right size or shape; put correctly into place 合适，使符合，安装…… ‎ ‎ adj. right and suitable for a particular purpose; physically health 适合的，相称的；健康的 ‎ 例句 The new dress fit you well. 你这件新衣服挺合身的。‎ ‎ It is not fit for you to talk like that. 你那样说话不合适。‎ ‎ Exercise keeps you fit. 运动能使你保持健康。‎ 辨析 a) sth. fit sb. = sb. is fit for sth. 要注意主语和宾语的位置 ‎ 辨析下列句子：‎ ‎ The job fits you. 这个工作适合你。‎ ‎ The house isn’t fit for you to live in. 这房子不适合你住。‎ ‎ b) fit (v/adj.)常指尺寸合适 ‎ suit/suitable指其它方面，如款式风格合适 ‎ 辨析下列句子：‎ ‎ The book is suitable for kids. 这本书很适合孩子。‎ ‎ These shoes fit perfectly. 这些鞋子大小正合适。‎ fix vt. fasten firmly in position; repair 修理，安装，固定 ‎ 词组 fix sth. on … （把目光、注意力）集中于……‎ 例句 He fixed his eyes on the fountain in the square. 他目不转睛地看着广场的喷泉。‎ ‎ Our attention was fixed on his speech. Nobody noticed the police came in.‎ ‎ 我们的注意力都集中在他的演讲，没人注意到警察来了。‎ 展开 fixed adj. 固定的，不变的 ‎ fly (flew, flown) v. move through the air; travel by air 飞，乘飞机等飞行，驾驶飞机 ‎ ‎ n. action of flying; a kind of small flying insect 飞行；苍蝇 ‎ 词组 fly a kite 放风筝 ‎ Time flies. 时光飞逝。‎ ‎ have a fly in a plane 坐飞机飞行 focus v. direct one’s attention to something 集中于……‎ ‎ n. the point at which light meets; a center of attention 焦点，焦距 词组 focus sth. on 聚焦于……；把注意力集中于…‎ bring sth. into focus 调准……的距离 ‎ be in/out of focus 焦点对准的/没对准的 ‎ 例句 I focused the camera on the flower. 我把照相机聚焦在花朵上。‎ ‎ We must focus our attention on these problems. ‎ 我们必须把注意力集中在这些问题上。‎ folk n. adj. people in general; common people of a country 人们，民间的 词组 folk dance 土风舞 folk music 民族音乐 ‎ ‎ folk singer 民谣歌手 folk song 民歌，民谣 ‎ ‎ one’s folks 家人，亲人 ‎ follow v. come or go after; go along; engage in as a business 跟随，遵循 ‎ 词组 follow the directions 遵循指示 ‎ follow the rules 遵循规则 ‎ follow the fashion 追随时尚 ‎ follow the stage career 从事舞台生涯 ‎ it follows that … 结果……‎ ‎ as follows 如下所述 例句 The duck kept following him everywhere. 他走到哪这只鸭子就跟到哪。‎ ‎ Follow this road until you get to the post office. 沿着这条路一直走到邮局。‎ ‎ I don’t quite follow you. 我不太听得懂你的话。‎ ‎ A group of clowns came, followed by the Spiderman. ‎ 一群小丑过来了，随之而来的是蜘蛛侠。‎ ‎ She is absent today. But it doesn’t follow that she is ill.‎ ‎ 她今天没来。但不一定说明她生病了。‎ ‎ He explained it as follows. 他的说明如下。‎ 展开 following adj. 下列的，接着的 ‎ ‎ the following year 莅年 the following questions 下列问题 fond adj. loving; kind 喜爱的 ‎ 词组 be fond of 喜欢 ‎ 例句 She is fond of playing the piano. 她喜欢弹钢琴。‎ food n. sth. that can be eaten by people or animals to keep them living and for growth 食物 词组 food and drink 饮食 ‎ Chinese food 中国菜 ‎ food, clothing and shelter 衣食住（注意次序）‎ ‎ canned food 罐头食品 ‎ frozen food 冷冻食品 ‎ sea food 海鲜 ‎ sweet food 甜食 ‎ dog food 狗食 ‎ fast food 快餐 ‎ heavy food 油腻食物 ‎ light food 清淡食物 ‎ mental food 精神食粮 ‎ food for thought 应思考的问题 ‎ food chain 食物链 例句 This food disagrees with me. 这食物不合我的胃口。‎ fool n. person without much sense; stupid person蠢人 ‎ ‎ vt. behave like a fool; be idle and silly; cheat; deceive 欺骗，愚弄 ‎ 词组 feel like a fool 上当，倒霉 ‎ make a fool of 愚弄，嘲笑 ‎ 展开 foolish adj. 愚蠢的 ‎ ‎ It is foolish of sb. to do = sb. is foolish to do 做……是不明智的 ‎ It was foolish of you to cheat in exam. 你考试作弊真是愚蠢。‎ ‎ = You were foolish to cheat in exam.‎ foot n. measure of length, = 12 inches; the lower end of the leg 英尺，脚 ‎ 词组 on foot 步行 ‎ ‎ be on one’s feet 站着的 ‎ ‎ set foot in/on 进入，踏上 ‎ ‎ stand on one’s own feet 独立，自主 ‎ 例句 She is dizzy and can’t stay on her feet any longer. 她头晕，再也无法站着了。‎ Never set foot in this house again! 永远不准再踏进这个房子。‎ football n. a leather ball used in games; a game of such ball （美国）橄榄球；（英国）足球 ‎ 词组 play football 踢球 a football game 足球比赛 ‎ forbid (forbade, forbidden) order sb. not to do sth.; not allow vt. 禁止，不许 ‎ 词组 forbid doing/n. 禁止做。。。‎ ‎ forbid sb. to do 禁止某人做。。。‎ 例句 Smoking is forbidden in this building. 这所房子禁烟。‎ My father forbade me to watch TV before I finished my homework.‎ ‎ 我父亲不许我做完作业之前看电视。‎ 展开 forbidden adj. 被禁止的 ‎ force n. strength; power of body; physical power; organized armed men力量，力气军队，势力 ‎ vt. compel; oblige; use force to get or do sth.; make sb. do sth. 强制，强迫 ‎ 词组 by force 凭武力 ‎ ‎ come into force （法律）开始实施 ‎ ‎ force sb. to do/into doing 强迫某人做某事 ‎ 例句 He was forced to sign the paper. 他被迫在文件上签字。‎ Never settle problems by force. 永远不要用武力解决问题。‎ 辨析 force 指武力，军队、警察，以及物理上的力 ‎ power 指权力，政权，电力等 ‎ strength 指体力 ‎ energy 指能量 展开 forceful adj. 强有力的，坚强的；（话语）有说服力的 ‎ ‎ forcefully adv. 强有力的，有说服力的 ‎ forecast (forecast, forecast) v. n. say in advance what is likely to happen 预测，预报 词组 weather forecast 天气预报 ‎ foreign adj. in, from, another country, not one’s own; coming from outside 外国的，对外的 ‎ 词组 foreign affairs 外交问题，外交事务 ‎ ‎ foreign language 外语 ‎ ‎ foreign trade 对外贸易 ‎ ‎ foreign exchange 外汇 ‎ 展开 foreigner n. 外国人 ‎ forget v. (forgot, forgotten) lose remembrance of; fail to keep in the memory 忘记 词组 forget doing 忘记曾做…… forget to do 忘记去做……‎ 例句 My secretary forgot to mail the letter. 我的秘书忘了寄信了。‎ I’ll never forget sailing in the Pacific Ocean. 我永远不会忘记在太平洋上扬帆航行.‎ 展开 forgetful adj. 健忘的 ‎ ‎ forgetfully adv. 健忘地 ‎ ‎ forgetfulness n. 健忘，怠慢 ‎ forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt. no longer have the wish to punish sb.; show mercy to 原谅 ‎ 词组 forgive sb. for doing 原谅某人…… ‎ 例句 He forgave me for leaving his notes in the office.‎ 他原谅我把他的笔记忘在办公室了。‎ Please forgive my rudeness. 请原谅我的卤莽。‎ 展开 forgiveness n. 宽恕 ‎ form n. shape; general arrangement; paper with space to be filled in 形式；方式；外型；表格 ‎ vt. give shape to; produce; develop; organize 形成；组成 ‎ ‎ vi. come into existence; become solid; take shape 成形 ‎ 词组 be in/out of form （运动员等）状态良好/不好 ‎ in the form of 以……的形式 ‎ fill in the form 填写表格 ‎ the application form 申请表格 ‎ form a good habit 养成好习惯 例句 Different countries have different forms of government.不同国家有不同形式的政府。‎ ‎ We can’t form an opinion about it. 对这件事我想不出什么意见。‎ ‎ An idea formed in his mind. 他心中产生了某种想法。‎ He answered me in the form of a letter. 他用信件的形式回答了我。‎ ‎ ‎ former adj. of an earlier period 在前的；前者的 ‎ 词组 the former （两者中的）前者 ‎ ‎ 辨析：the latter （两者中的）后者 ‎ ‎ my former teacher 以前的老师 ‎ forth adv. onwards; forwards 向前 ‎ 词组 and so forth 等等 ‎ ‎ back and forth 前前后后，来回地 ‎ fortune n. success; great sum of money; good or bad luck coming to a person 财富；运气 ‎ 词组 be in good/bad fortune 好运/不幸 ‎ ‎ seek one’s fortune 碰运气，离家闯天下 ‎ ‎ make/win a fortune 发财 ‎ ‎ tell one’s fortune 给某人算命 ‎ 展开 fortunate adj. 幸运的，吉利的 ‎ ‎ be fortunate in 在……方面幸运 ‎ She is fortunate in inheriting a large house. 她很幸运继承了一所大房子。‎ ‎ be fortunate to do 幸运地能……‎ ‎ I’m fortunate to have good health. 我很幸运有健康的身体。‎ ‎ it is fortunate that … ……是幸运的 ‎ It was fortunate that the drowning boy was saved by a passing boat. ‎ ‎ 很幸运，那个落水儿童被经过的船救起。‎ ‎ fortunately adv. 幸运地，侥幸地 ‎ ‎ Fortunately, … = It is fortunately that… 幸运地，……‎ ‎ Fortunately, they found their way out. 他们很幸运地找到了出路。‎ Unit Eleven forward adv. to the front; towards the future 向前 ‎ ‎ v. help forward; help to advance; send a letter 转递（信件等）；推动……‎ 词组 put forward 提出（建议等）；（钟表等）拨快 ‎ look forward to sth./doing 期待……，盼望…… ‎ ‎ forward sth. to 转递（信件等） ‎ 例句 Please forward this letter to the following address. ‎ 请将这封信转寄到下列地址。‎ She put forward a plan for our farewell party.‎ 她为我们的告别晚会提出了一个计划。‎ We are looking forward to seeing you soon. 我们盼望着很快再见到你。‎ foundation n. the start or establishing of an organization 基金会，基础，创建 ‎ 词组 lay the foundation of … 给……打基础 ‎ 展开 found (founded, founded) vt. 创立，创建 ‎ ‎ founder n. 创立人，创办者 ‎ frank adj. showing clearly the thoughts and feeling; open 坦诚的，直率的 ‎ 词组 To be frank with you,… 坦白说…… ‎ 例句 To be frank with you, you have little chance to pass the exam.‎ ‎ 坦白说，你没什么机会通过这次考试。‎ 展开 frankly adv. 坦白地 ‎ ‎ Frankly speaking, …= To be frank with you, …坦白说……‎ ‎ Frankly speaking, I don’t agree with you. 坦白说，我不同意你的意见。‎ free adj. (freer, freest) not in prison; having personal rights; costing nothing 自由的；免费的 词组 set sb. free 释放 free from 免于……，没有……妨碍的 ‎ ‎ for free 免费地，无偿地 be free of … 摆脱……的，无……的 ‎ 例句 This booklet is free of charge. 这本小册子是免费的。‎ Before leaving home, the girl set the bird free from the cage.‎ ‎ 离家之前，这个女孩把小鸟从笼子里放了出去。‎ Let’s find a place free from noise. 我们找个没有噪音的地方。‎ I got the ticket for free. 我免费得到了票。‎ 展开 freedom n. 自由 ‎ ‎ freely adv. 自由地，随意地 ‎ freeze (froze, frozen) vi. be so cold that water turns into ice 结冰，凝固 ‎ 展开 freezing adj. 极冷的，冰冷的 ‎ ‎ It’s freezing cold. 太冷了。‎ ‎ frozen adj. 冻住的 frozen food 冷冻食品 ‎ friend n. person whom one knows and likes well but not a relation 朋友 ‎ 词组 make friends (with sb.) （与……交朋友） .‎ ‎ a close friend 知己，密友 展开 friendly adj. 朋友般的，友好的 ‎ ‎ be friendly to sb. 对……友好的 ‎ Chinese people are friendly to foreign guests. 中国人对外国友人很友好。‎ ‎ friendship n. 友谊，友好 ‎ ‎ build up/establish the friendship between … 建立……之间的友谊 ‎ break friendship with sb. 与……断交 frighten vt. fill with terror or fear; alarm suddenly 使……惊恐 ‎ 例句 The sudden noise frightened us. 突然的噪音使我们受到了惊吓。‎ 展开 frightened adj. 惊讶的，受惊的 ‎ ‎ be frightened to do 做……而害怕，胆怯 ‎ She was very frightened to look down from the top of the building.‎ ‎ 她从山顶望下去，十分地害怕。‎ ‎ be frightened that … 对……感到害怕 ‎ The boy was frightened that he would get lost. 这个孩子十分害怕他会迷路。‎ ‎ frightening adj. 令人惊吓的，恐怖的 ‎ ‎ fright n. 恐怖，惊吓 ‎ from prop. (used to introduce the starting-points of place, time, etc.) 从；来自于…… ‎ 词组 be from/come from 来自于……；……地方人 ‎ from then on 从那时起（用一般过去时态） ‎ ‎ from now on 从现在起 ‎ ‎ be absent from 缺席 ‎ ‎ die from 因……（疾病）而死亡 ‎ ‎ judging from … 从……来判断 ‎ ‎ be different from 与……不同 ‎ ‎ from one’s point of view 由……的观点看来 ‎ front n. place where the war takes place; foremost side; opposite to the back 前线，前面 ‎ 词组 in front of 在……之前，在……的面前 ‎ in the front of 在……的前部，……的前排 ‎ front door 前门 ‎ ‎ front page 封面；报纸的头版 ‎ 例句 There is a park in front of their house. 他们房子前有个公园。‎ She sat in the front of the theatre. 她坐在剧院的前排。‎ fruit n. part of plants that contains the seeds and is used as food 水果 ‎ 词组 fruit bowl 果盆 ‎ ‎ fruit salad 水果色拉 ‎ ‎ bear fruit （植物）结果实 ‎ full adj. holding as much as possible; completely filled 满的，充满的 ‎ 词组 be full of 充满着，有很多 ‎ ‎ The bus was full of students. 公交车里坐满了学生。‎ ‎ I’m full. 吃饱了。 ‎ ‎ full name 全名 ‎ ‎ full stop 句号 ‎ ‎ full time （反义词：part time） 全部上班时间，全职的，专职 ‎ 展开 fully adv. 完全地，充分地 ‎ ‎ I’m fully understand the importance of learning English.‎ ‎ 我完全明白学英语的重要性。‎ fun n. [u] amusement; enjoyment; playfulness 乐趣，娱乐 ‎ 词组 for fun 闹着玩地，不是认真地 ‎ ‎ make fun of… 取笑……拿……开玩笑 ‎ ‎ be full of fun 很好玩，很有趣 ‎ ‎ have fun 开心 ‎ 例句 It’s great fun to play tennis. 打网球很有趣。‎ I learned cooking for fun. 我学做饭是为了好玩。‎ It’s not right to make fun of people who stammer.不应该取笑口吃的人。‎ 展开 funny adj. 可笑的，滑稽的 ‎ function n. special purpose of a person or thing 功能，作用 ‎ ‎ vi. operate; act 活动，运转，起作用 ‎ 词组 fulfill/perform a function 尽到职责 例句 This machine is not functioning properly. 这部机器运作不正常。‎ furnish vt. supply furniture in 装备，为（房间）配备家具 ‎ 词组 furnish sth. with … 给（房间）配备……‎ 例句 The apartment is well furnished. 这间公寓家具齐全。‎ furniture n. [u] all those movable things in a house or room 家具 ‎ 词组 a piece of / an article of furniture 一件家具 future n. adj. coming after the present; in the coming time 将来，未来 ‎ 词组 in future 今后，以后（指从现在开始的时间段） ‎ ‎ in the future 未来，在将来（指将来的某个时间点） ‎ gain n. increase of possessions; profits obtained 获得；(~s)收益 ‎ ‎ v. obtain; increase; be improved 获得，增加 ‎ 词组 gain experience 获得经验 ‎ gain weight 增加体重 （反义词：lose weight）‎ gallery n. room for the display of works of art; long walk 走廊；画廊 ‎ 词组 art gallery 画廊 ‎ game n. form of play with rules; athletic contests; animals hunted 游戏；运动；比赛；猎物 词组 video game 电子游戏 ‎ ‎ ball games 球类运动 ‎ ‎ play the game 进行比赛 ‎ ‎ big game 大型猎物（如野猪，熊等） ‎ gap n. break or opening in a wall, etc.; unfilled space 豁缝，缺口，隔阂 ‎ 词组 generation gap 代沟 ‎ ‎ communications gap 沟通鸿沟 ‎ gather v. get together; collect; gain little by little 集合，收集，聚集 ‎ 词组 gather information 收集信息 ‎ gather wealth 聚集财富 ‎ gather crops 收割谷物 gaze v. look long and steadily 注视，凝视 ‎ 辨析 gaze 指目不转睛地注视 ‎ see 指看见（强调结果）‎ ‎ watch 指观看，观察 ‎ ‎ stare 指盯着看，从头至尾地打量 ‎ ‎ glare 指怒目而视，瞪眼 ‎ ‎ glance 指快速地一瞥 ‎ ‎ peep 指窥视 ‎ general adj. not special; not particular; of all or nearly of all普遍的 ‎ 词组 in general 一般地，概括地，通常地 ‎ ‎ general manager 总经理 ‎ 展开 generally adv. 通常，大体而言 ‎ ‎ Generally speaking, … 一般而言，概括说来 ‎ ‎ Generally speaking, this plan is welcomed. 一般来说，这个计划很受欢迎。‎ generation n. all persons born about the same time, of about the same age 一代人 ‎ 词组 for generations 经过好几代 ‎ ‎ the coming generation 未来的一代 ‎ ‎ the young generation 年轻的一代 ‎ ‎ generation gap 代沟 ‎ ‎ generation after generation 一代又一代，代代相传 ‎ generous adj. ready to give freely; given freely; noble-minded 慷慨的，大方的 ‎ 词组 it is generous of sb. to do… 某人做……真是大方 例句 It is generous of you to forgive her. 你原谅她真是宽宏大量。‎ 展开 generously adv. 慷慨地，坦荡地 ‎ get v. receive; obtain; reach; complete; become 得到，到达，成为 ‎ 词组 get sb. to do… 使某人做…… ‎ ‎ get done 被…… ‎ ‎（类似于be done这种被动用法，但更强调突然的动作）‎ ‎ have got = have 有 ‎ ‎ have got to do = have to do 不得不 ‎ ‎ get across 横过，穿过（马路等）（不用被动） ‎ ‎ get along with/without sth. 依靠……设法度过；过活 ‎ ‎ get along with sb. 与某人相处 ‎ ‎ get along with sth. 进行（工作等） ‎ ‎ get away 离开，逃离 ‎ ‎ get down 写下，记下 ‎ ‎ get down to sth. （静下心来）认真处理工作 ‎ ‎ get off 下车 ‎ ‎ get on 上车 ‎ ‎ get over 克服……，渡过…… ‎ ‎ get together 聚会 ‎ ‎ get through 通过（考试，议案等）；读完，写完 ‎ ‎ get through to sb. （电话）联络到某人 ‎ ‎ get to 到达 ‎ ‎ get up 起床 ‎ 例句 He couldn’t get the car to start. 他没法发动汽车。‎ Don’t get caught in the rain. 不要被雨淋着了。‎ We won’t get along without that money. 没有那些钱我们就没法过日子了。‎ I’m getting along well/badly with my new colleagues. ‎ 我和新同事相处得好/不好。‎ How are you getting along with your work? 你的工作进展如何？‎ They got down to work after the discussion. 他们讨论之后开始工作。‎ He finally got over the difficulties. 他最终克服了困难。‎ gift n. something which is given willingly; a present 礼物，天赋 ‎ 词组 a Christmas gift 圣诞礼物 ‎ a birthday gift 生日礼物 ‎ ‎ natural gift 天资 ‎ 例句 He has a gift for music. 他有音乐天赋。‎ ‎ He was born with a gift for painting. 他与生俱来绘画的天赋。‎ 展开 gifted adj. 有天资的，有天赋的 ‎ ‎ a gifted musician 有天赋的音乐家 give (gave, given) v. allow someone to have something; offer 给，赠送 ‎ 词组 give a cry of pain 发出痛苦的叫声 ‎ ‎ give a try 试一下 ‎ ‎ give sb. a call 打电话给某人 ‎ ‎ give away 送掉，憎与；泄露 ‎ ‎ give back 归还 ‎ ‎ give in (vi.) 屈服于，投降 ‎ ‎ give off 放出（烟，气味等）散发 ‎ give out 分发；放出（声音，光线，气味等）；用尽 ‎ ‎ give up (vt.‎) 放弃 ‎ ‎ 例句 He must have given away your secret. 他肯定泄露了你的秘密。‎ ‎ He has given in to my views. 他听从了我的意见。‎ ‎ These wild flowers give off a nice smell. 这些野花放出香味。‎ ‎ This material gives out light in the dark. 这种材料晚上会发光。‎ ‎ Our supply of food has given out. 我们的食物供应都耗尽了 ‎ I wish I could give up smoking. 我希望能够戒烟。‎ 例句 given adj. 特定的 ‎ ‎ The work must be done at the given time. 这工作必须在规定时间前完成。‎ ‎ be given to 沉溺于……的 ‎ ‎ He is given to drinking. 他爱喝酒。‎ ‎ given (that) … 考虑到……，假定是…… ‎ ‎ Given his support, I think we’ll win the election. ‎ 由于有他的支持，我想我们会赢得选举的。‎ ‎ Given that she likes children, teaching is the best job for her. ‎ ‎ 考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书对她来说是最好的职业了。‎ ‎ given name 名（不包括姓） ‎ glad adj. pleased and happy about something; willing 高兴的，乐意的 ‎ 词组 be glad at 高兴 ‎ ‎ be glad that… 对……感到高兴 ‎ be glad to do 乐于…… ‎ 例句 I’m glad at his promotion. 我很高兴他得到了提升。‎ ‎ My father is glad that I have won the second prize in the contest.‎ ‎ 我在比赛中获得了二等奖，父亲很高兴。‎ ‎ I’m glad to meet you. 很高兴认识你。‎ ‎ I’ll be glad to help you. 很愉快能帮你。‎ glance n. vi. a quick short look 瞥，看一眼 ‎ 词组 cast/take a glance at 看一眼 ‎ ‎ glance at 瞥一眼 ‎ go (went, gone) vi. move or travel; leave a place 去，走 ‎ 词组 go to school/church/bed 上学/上教堂/上床 ‎ go swimming/shopping/outing/camping 去游泳/购物/郊游/露营 ‎ go for a walk/a drive/a swim/a ride 去散步/驾车/游泳/骑马（车）‎ ‎ go on an expedition/a picnic/a journey 去探险/野餐/旅行 ‎ go across 横渡 go after 追赶，追求 ‎ ‎ go ahead 前进；请说/做 go along 向前进 ‎ ‎ go around 走来走去；（谣言、疾病等）流传 ‎ ‎ go away 走开 go away with … 偷了……逃跑 ‎ ‎ go back to… 回来；追溯到…… go by 走过；（时间）流逝 ‎ ‎ go down 下降；下沉 go in for 参加（考试等） ‎ ‎ go on with/doing 继续 go on to do 继续（另一件事） ‎ ‎ go out 外出；（灯、火）熄灭 go over 复习，仔细检查 ‎ ‎ go round 参观；足够分发；（疾病）流传 ‎ ‎ go through 通过（法案等）；经验（痛苦的事） ‎ ‎ go up 上升，上楼 go up to 走上前去 ‎ ‎ go with 相称，相配 go wrong 发生故障，出错 ‎ goal n. aim; purpose; (ball games) the aim of the ball 目标；目的；球门，进球 ‎ 词组 achieve/reach one’s goal 达到目标 set a goal 设定目标 ‎ ‎ kick/score a goal （足球）进球 keep goal 守球门 ‎ god n. who is worshipped; who is worshipped in a religion 神，(God)上帝 ‎ 词组 for God’s sake 看在上帝的份上 ‎ believe in God 信仰上帝 ‎ Thanks God! 谢天谢地！‎ 展开 goddess n. 女神 ‎ gold n. valuable soft yellow metal used to make coins, jewellery, etc. 金，黄金 ‎ 词组 gold medal 金牌 pure gold 纯金 ‎ ‎ gold rush 淘金热 ‎ 展开 golden adj. 金色的，贵重的，绝好的 ‎ ‎ golden age 黄金时代，全盛期 ‎ ‎ Golden Gate Bridge 金门大桥 ‎ ‎ the golden rule 金科玉律 ‎ 辨析 gold 是名词，可做定语，表示金质的； ‎ ‎ golden 是形容词定语，表示金色的，如黄金般珍贵的。‎ ‎ 辨析下列用法：‎ ‎ gold ring 金戒指（金制的） golden ring 金色的戒指 ‎ golden hair 金发 good adj. (better, best) having qualities that are satisfactory or favorable 好的 ‎ ‎ n. sth. that brings advantage or improvement 好处，美德，优点 ‎ 词组 be good at 擅长于…… ‎ ‎ be good for 对……有效的，有……用处的 ‎ ‎ Good Heavens!/ Good gracious! 上帝啊！我的天啊！‎ ‎ do sb. good = do good to sb. 对……有好处 ‎ ‎ It is no good my mentioning that problem now. ‎ 我现在提起那个问题也是没用的。‎ ‎ for good (and all) 永远 ‎ ‎ good morning 早安 ‎ ‎ good day 午安 good afternoon 下午好 ‎ ‎ good evening 晚上好 good night 晚安 ‎ ‎ good humour 好心情，好脾气 ‎ ‎ a good deal of 大量的（用于不可数名词） ‎ ‎ a good many 大量的（用于可数名词） ‎ 例句 She is good at chess. 她擅长下棋。‎ ‎ The pills are good for your stomachache. 这药对你的胃痛有效。‎ ‎ Eating more fruits will do you good. 吃更多水果对你有好处。‎ ‎ It is no good doing… 做……没有好处 ‎ ‎ He left his hometown for good and all. 他永远地离开了故乡。‎ 展开 goodness n. 优良，仁慈，长处 ‎ ‎ Thank goodness! 谢天谢地！‎ ‎ for goodness sake 看在老天爷的面上 ‎ Goodness gracious! = Goodness me! = My goodness! ‎ 天哪！哎呀！（吃惊，愤怒）‎ graduate n. a person who has completed a university degree course （大学）毕业生 ‎ ‎ v. obtain a degree at a university; complete an educational course 毕业 ‎ 词组 graduate student 研究生 ‎ ‎ graduate school （大学的）研究所，研究生院 例句 They graduated from high school last year. 去年他们从高中毕业了。‎ ‎ He graduated in law from Yale. 他毕业于耶鲁大学法律系。‎ 展开 graduation n. 毕业 ‎ grasp n. hold, grip 抓住 ‎ 词组 in one’s grasp = in the grasp of somebody 在…控制中 ‎ ‎ within one’s grasp 在握 例句 He is in the grasp of a wicked person. 他在一个坏人的控制中。‎ ‎ I kept her hand in my grasp. 我抓着她的手。‎ ‎ Success is within my grasp. 成功在望。‎ grateful adj. feeling or showing appreciation for something good done to one, for something fortunate that happens, etc; 感激的 ‎ 词组 be grateful to somebody for something 因某事而感激某人 展开 gratitude n. 感激 Her heart was full of/filled with gratitude. 他的心中充满感激。‎ to express/show gratitude for something 表达对…的感激 great adj. well above average in size, extent or quantity伟大的，巨大的崇高的，（口）美妙的 词组 a great deal 修饰不可数名词; (作状语) 常常，…得多 ‎ a great many 好些(修饰可数名词)‎ 例句 We spent a great deal of time watching TV. 我们花很多时间看电视。‎ He is a great deal better now. 他（身体） 好多了。‎ He has a great many good points. 他有许多好点子。‎ greet vt. give a conventional sign or word of welcome or pleasure when meeting somebody or receiving a guest 问候,招呼 词组 greet somebody with something 用…问候某人 例句 He greeted us with a smile. 他用微笑向我们问候。‎ ‎ ‎ grief [u] deep or violent sorrow 忧伤,悲痛,不幸 [c]伤心事，(复数griefs) ‎ 词组 grief over/at something 对… 悲伤 to somebody’s grief 令人感到忧伤的是 例句 His wild behavior was a grief to his family. 他的疯狂的行为使家人伤心。‎ 展开 grieve vi/vt 忧伤,悲痛,‎ grow vt. (grow-grew-grown) increase in size or quantity；become larger 种植,栽 ‎ vi.生长,成长,发育 link-v 变得 词组 grow from something into something 从…长成…‎ grow into something（不用被动语态）逐渐成为，变得；长得大可以适合于(衣服)‎ 例句 It grows colder as winter is drawing nearer and nearer.‎ 由于冬天越来越近，天变得更冷了。‎ It seems that he never grows old. 好象他永远不会老。‎ It is obvious that he has grown used to the life here. 显然，他已习惯这里的生活。‎ She is growing into a pretty girl. 她已长成一个漂亮女孩。‎ The shoes are too big for him now, but he will grow into it soon.‎ ‎ 这鞋子现在他穿他大了，但不久他就会长高，穿得上了。‎ She is a good actress but still needs time to grow into the part she will play.‎ ‎ 她是个好演员，但仍需习惯她演的新角色。‎ 展开 grow up vi．生长，成长；发生,发展 I grew up in a big town.　　 我在大城市长大．‎ ‎ 　A disagreement has grown up between us.　我们之间产生分歧．‎ grown-up 　n. adult　成年人 词组　　　five grown-ups guarantee n, vt. promise (usu. in writing) that certain conditions agreed to in a transaction will be fulfilled 保证,担保 ‎ v: (usu passive) 通常用语被动语态 词组 guarantee to do something 保证做…‎ ‎ guarantee something to somebody 向某人担保…‎ guarantee that… 保证…‎ guidance n. guiding or being guided, leadership, direction　指导,引导,咨询 词组　　　be under the guidance of /be under somebody’s guidance 在…的指导下 ‎ ‎ guide n. person who shows others the way; something that helps one form an opinion, make a ‎ calculation,etc指南,向导 词组 a guide to something ...的指南 ‎ guide somebody to do something 指导某人做…‎ guilty adj. having done wrong; being to blame for something 有罪的,内疚的 词组 somebody be guilty of something 犯(某种罪或过失)‎ somebody be found guilty/find somebody guilty 有罪 ‎ be guilty about/at something 对…内疚的 habit n. thing that a person does often almost without thinking, esp. something that is hard to stop doing习惯 词组 have the habit of doing something/be in the habit of doing something 经常爱…‎ break somebody of a habit (of doing) 使某人改掉某习惯 do something from/out of/by habit 处于习惯 get/fall into the habit of 养成…的习惯 make a habit of dong/make it a habit to do something 总是做某事 hair n. mass of the fine thread-like strands that grow from human head头发,毛发 头发(总称,不可数) ‎ 表示几根头发可数 one of the fine thread-like strands that grow from human head a few grey hairs 几根白发 例句　　　He has black hair. 他长着一头黑发.‎ half adv. either of two equal or corresponding parts into which a thing is divided一半地 ‎ ‎ n 一半,半 词组 cut it into halves/in halves 对半切 a month and a half/one and a half months 一个半月 by halves 不彻底 注意: Half (of them) are gone. 当主语为复数意义时,谓语动词取复数.‎ Half (of it) is unfit to eat. 当主语为单数意义时,谓语动词取单数.‎ Unit Twelve hand n. end part of the human arm below the wrist 手 ‎ vt. give or transfer something with one’s hand or hands递给 词组(n.) be short of hands 缺人手 a good hand at something 善于…‎ the hour hand 时针 at the left hand 在左边 ‎(at) first hand 亲自 (at) second hand 间接地 at hand 在手边,在眼前; 不远了 by hand 手工做的 hand in hand 紧密合作,手牵手 hands off something 勿碰 ‎(v) hand down: 传下来 hand in: 上交 hand out 散发 hand over 移交 hand something to somebody 把…递给某人 handle vt. touch something with or hold something in the hands; to deal with, manage or control (something,situation,people)用手拿起,处理 词组 handle an aeroplane/the machine/business/the traffic/the job/the household/the situation handle him 对待…, 处理…‎ hang v (hang-hung-hung) support something from above, esp. that the lower end is free悬挂 ‎ vt.‎(hang-hanged-hanged) kill somebody by hanging from a rope around the neck, esp. as capital punishment吊死,绞死 ‎ 例句 注意：hang作“悬挂”解时vt/vi皆可。‎ My new T-shirt is hanging in the living room.我的新T恤衫挂在起居室里.‎ Hang your wet raincoat in the hall please. 把你的湿雨衣挂到厅里.‎ happen vi occur(by chance or otherwise) (偶然)发生;(后接不定式)碰巧 词组 somebody happen to do /to be doing/to have done something 某人碰巧做了某事 ‎ something happen to somebody (某人)发生(某情况)‎ 例句 It so happened that I met you yesterday in the street.昨天我碰巧在街上遇见你.‎ 辨析 happen 多指偶然发生;‎ take place 多指按计划发生;‎ break out 突然爆发(战争,灾难,瘟疫等);‎ occur (事情发生到某个人); 都是vi hard adj requiring much effort of body or mind; tough困苦的,艰难的 (harder-hardest)‎ adv with great effort, energy or concentration; strenuously 困苦地,艰难地 词组 hard-hearted 硬心肠的 ‎ a hard book 一本很难读懂的书 a hard teacher 严厉的老师 ‎ be hard on: 对…很严厉 辨析 hard hardly hard 既是形容又可以作副词,“困苦地,艰难地,猛烈地”为hard的副词;‎ work hard 努力学习/工作 rain hard 大雨漂泊 hardly “几乎不”,副词; hardly work 几乎不工作 ‎ hardly adv. (used to suggest that something is impossible, unlikely or unreasonable) 几乎不 例句 I can hardly speak. (与can连用=almost not ) 我简直不能讲话。‎ Hardly any girl recognized it.(修饰主语,句子不倒装) 几乎没一个姑娘认出来。‎ ‎ (与any连用=almost no)‎ I hardly ever go to his home. (与ever连用=almost never ) 我几乎不去他家。‎ He had hardly arrived home when it began to rain. 他刚到家就下起了雨。‎ ‎ =Hardly had he arrived home when it began to rain.(修饰动词,句子要部分倒装)‎ ‎ ‎ hardworking adj. working with care and energy努力工作的,勤勉的 辨析 hardworking 努力工作的（形容词） work hard 努力学习/工作(动词词组)‎ ‎ hard work 艰辛的工作 (不可数名词)‎ harm vt. cause harm to something or somebody 伤害 辨析 damage hurt destroy ruin injure wound ‎ harm v. 对…有害处 ‎ Smoking harms your health. 吸烟有害你的健康。‎ The smoke harms your eyes. 烟对眼睛有害。‎ ‎ His decision will harm the peace cause. 他的决定会影响和平事业。‎ ‎ n. do harm to somebody 对…有伤害 ‎ hurt 伤害…的感情 ‎ His sharp words hurt me. 他凌厉的话伤了我。‎ ‎/疼(vi) My head hurts. 我头疼。‎ ‎ 使受伤 He hurt himself in the accident. 在事故中他受伤了。‎ ‎ damage 损害,是局部的,可维修后再使用. ‎ Hundreds of houses were damaged in the storm. ‎ 数百间房子在风暴中被刮倒了。‎ ‎ destroy 毁坏,不可再利用,彻底坏了 ‎ ruin 往往指的是对抽象事物的毁坏. ‎ The failure ruined my future. 失败毁了我的前途。‎ ‎ injure 与hurt 相近, 感情/身体上的伤害.‎ ‎ wound 被刀枪刺戳所受的伤 ‎ Thousands soldiers were wounded in the battle.‎ ‎ 成千士兵在战斗中受伤。‎ 展开 harmful adj. 有害的 ‎ ‎ something be harmful to somebody 对…有伤害 hate vt. feel hatred towards something/somebody 憎恨;对…感到遗憾;不喜欢 ‎ 词组 hate something 讨厌 hate to do something 不愿意做…‎ ‎ hate doing something 不愿意做/讨厌 hate somebody to do something 讨厌某人做某事 展开 hatred n 怨恨，仇恨 head n.. part of the body containing the eyes, nose, mouth and brain 头，头部 ‎ ‎ vt 率领(代表团等); 使(车,船等)朝某处行进 词组 hit somebody in the head 击中头部 use one’s head 动脑筋 ‎ on one’s head 倒立 head for 前往某处 ‎ head out 出发 head up 领头 例句 At that time, Mary headed the Red Cross. 那时,玛莉领导红十字会。‎ ‎ We are heading north. 我们正朝北行进。‎ headache n. continuous pain in the head 头痛 词组 have a headache ‎ headquarters n. place from which an organization is controlled 总部,指挥部 展开 注意: headquarters 单数与复数同形,都是以复数形式出现,即: one headquarters, ‎ ‎ two headquarters ‎ ‎ 此外,还有下列这些词具有相同的性质: means, crossroads, series, species等。‎ health n. condition of a person’s body or mind (u) 健康 词组 be in good/bad health 身体健康 health insurance/care 健康保险/保健 ‎ health food 保健食品 health service 公共医疗卫生服务 hear v. (heard-heard) receive sounds with the ears 听见 词组 hear somebody do something (动词不定式省略to) 听见某人做某事 ‎ be heard to do something (被动态时不可省略to) 被听见做某事 ‎ hear somebody doing something 听见某人正做某事 ‎ be heard doing 被听见正做某事 hear something/somebody done 听见某事被做 hear about 听说 ‎ hear from somebody 收到…的来信 hear of 听…说起 辨析: 1. hear somebody do something通常表示一个常重复进行的动作;已完成的动作,‎ 或者强调动作完成的全过程.‎ ‎ I often hear you sing a song in your room. 我经常听见你在房间唱歌。‎ ‎ I heard the poor man tell his story. 我听那个可怜的人讲述他的故事。‎ ‎ 而hear somebody doing something 强调”正在”进行 ‎ At that moment, I heard the poor man telling his story. ‎ 那时,我听见那个可怜的人正讲述他的故事.‎ ‎ 2. hear listen to ‎ hear 表示的是只要听力正常的人都具有的能力, 所以是“听见”‎ ‎ listen to 则需要听众用心地去听 ‎ ‎ heart n. hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the body 心,心脏 词组 at heart 衷心 break one’s heart 使…伤心 ‎ from the bottom of one’s heart 发自内心地 heart and soul 全心全意地 ‎ in one’s heart 在内心深处 learn by heart 熟记 ‎ lose heart 灰心 lose one’s heart to somebody 爱上某人 ‎ take heart 受到鼓励 take something to heart 认真听取 ‎ with all one’s heart 全心全意地 ‎ warm-hearted, tender-hearted 热心的; 好心的;‎ ‎ (与形容词,通过 –hearted 构成形容词)‎ height n. measurement from the bottom to the top of a thing or from head to foot of a ‎ ‎ standing person高度 词组 at the height (of) 处于紧要关头 ‎ at a height of 200 feet 在200英尺的高度 help v. be of use or service to somebody 帮助 词组 can’t /couldn’t help doing 不能防止/避免做…‎ ‎ can’t help but do 不得不 ‎ help oneself to something 帮自己夹菜 ‎ help out 帮忙做事,克服困难 ‎ help somebody with something 帮忙做…‎ 展开 helpful adj.‎ something is helpful to somebody 有帮助的…‎ hero n. person who is admired by many for his noble qualities or his bravery英雄 ‎ ‎ heroes [pl] adj: heroic 阴性:heroine hesitate vi. be slow to speak or act because one feels uncertain or unwilling犹豫,踌躇,迟疑不决词组 hesitate to do 犹豫不定 ‎ hesitate over/about/something/doing/what to do, etc 对…犹豫不定 ‎ hesitate at (后跟否定词) 对…犹豫 ‎ He hesitates at nothing. 他从不优柔寡断.‎ 展开 hesitant adj. 犹豫的 be hesitant to do/ be hesitant about 对…犹豫的 hesitation n. 犹豫 hide vt. (hide-hid-hidden) prevent something/somebody/oneself from being seen 隐藏 词组 hide something from somebody 向某人隐藏某事 展开 hidden adj. 隐藏的 ‎ a hidden power 一股隐藏的力量 high adj. (of things) extending far upwards 高的 词组 high jump 跳高 high seas 公海 ‎ high-level 高级的 high noon 正午 ‎ high society 上层社会 highway 公路 ‎ high court 高等法院 at a high voice 音量高 ‎ be at a high speed 高速 a high price 高价 ‎ at a high pressure 高压 be in high spirits 情绪激扬 ‎ have a high opinion of 对….评价很高 high-class 高级的 ‎ It is high time somebody did something/it is high time to do 该做…‎ 展开 n. height 高度 辨析 high highly 都作副词 ‎ high 作副词,义为”高高地”, 表明的是一个物理概念, highly作副词,意思是“高度地，非常地”， 表程度。‎ ‎ . fly high高飞 climb high攀高 ‎ a highly skillful worker 高度熟练的工人 ‎ 构成合成词时, 使用 high ‎ a high-grade secret 高级机密 ‎ ‎ a high-flown movie star 飞黄腾达的电影明星 highly adv. to an unusually great extent; very 高度地,很,非常 ‎ speak/think highly of 对…高度评价 ‎ 修饰形容词/分词时使用highly ‎ highly interesting 十分有趣 highly moved非常感动 historic adj. famous or important in history 历史上有重要意义的的 historical adj. concerning past events 历史的 辨析 historical 辨析起historical强调具有重大历史意义的 ‎ November 1st, 1949‎ is a historic day. ‎1949年10月1日是具有历史意义的一天。‎ ‎ historical records/novel 历史记载/小说 ‎ historic cite 古迹 history n.. past events, esp. when considered as a whole 历史 例句 History is our best teacher. (作为总称不可数) 历史是我们最好的老师。‎ ‎ The city has a rich history. (指一段具体历史时可数) 这个城市有着丰富的历史。‎ ‎ ‎ hit vt. ( hit-hit-hit) strike something/somebody with a blow 击,撞击 ‎ 词组 hit somebody in the face 猛击某人脸部 ‎ hit the ball 打中球 ‎ hit the window/bird/the target 击中窗户/鸟/目标 ‎ hit the car/the wall 撞上车/墙 ‎ hit the nail on the head 击中要害 ‎ hit at 朝…打去 ‎ hit somebody with something 用…击中某人 例句 The bad news hit us. 坏消息使我们受到打击。‎ ‎ The enemy hit our camp soon.. 敌人不久向我们的营地发起攻击。‎ ‎ The key suddenly hit me. 我们突然想起出了答案。‎ hold vt. (hold-held-held) take and keep or support something/somebody in one’s arms 抓住,持有 vi. keep oneself/somebody/something in the specific position or condition 握住,抓住 词组 hold a gun/a pencil/a baby/one’s hands 拿者…‎ hold somebody by the arm 抓住某人胳膊 ‎ hold one’s head high 昂起头 ‎ hold somebody silent 使…沉默 hold office 执政 ‎ hold a position 拥有…职位 hold one’s attention 吸引注意 ‎ hold tears 忍住眼泪 hold many lands 拥有大量土地 ‎ hold the ground 守住阵地 hold the weight/bridge 撑住重量/大桥 ‎ hold a meeting 举行会议 hold the opinion that…认为 ‎ hold back 犹豫不定/控制 hold in 控制(情绪)‎ ‎ hold off 推迟 hold on (电话用语)勿挂断,坚持,抓牢 ‎ hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 hold out 提供/顶住压力 ‎ hold to something 坚持(看法) hold up 举起 例句 The bus holds 50 passengers. 公车可载50个乘客。‎ ‎ Will the good weather hold? 好天气会持续吗?‎ ‎ My decision didn’t hold. 我改变决定了。‎ 展开 hold n. 抓住 holiday n. day of rest, recreation or festivity, when no work is done 假日，假期 词组 the Christmas holidays 圣诞假期 national holiday 国庆 ‎ have a pleasant holiday 度过快乐的假期 be/go on holiday 正在/去度假 ‎ take a holiday 休假 home n. places where one lives, esp. with one’s family 家 adv. in the house 在家,回家 词组 homemade 家庭制作的/本国造的 home market 国内市场 ‎ at home and abroad 国内外 feel at home 无拘束 ‎ make oneself at home 无拘束 ‎ write home 写信给家里 stay home 呆在家里 ‎ go/hit home 击中要害 辨析 home house ‎ home所指的家包括家人和家这个建筑组成的整体概念,较为抽象 ‎ house 仅指具体的某个建筑物 honour n source of pride and pleasure 荣誉 ‎ 作”荣誉”解,不可数 fight for honor 为荣誉而战 ‎ v. something honour somebody; somebody be honoured to do使…感到荣幸 词组 a man of honour 具有高尚人格得人(人格,不可数)‎ ‎ show honour to somebody 尊重某人(尊重,不可数)‎ ‎ It is an honour to do something 做…很荣幸(具体的光荣的事,可数)‎ do honour (to somebody/something) 纪念,表示敬意 ‎ have the honour (of) 有幸做…‎ ‎ an honour to something/somebody 给某事物/某人增光的事 ‎ in honour of 纪念,向…表示敬意 ‎ with honours 以优异成绩 ‎ ‎ hope v. desire for something to happen 希望 ‎ n. desire 希望 词组 hope that… 希望… ‎ hope so hope not (口) 希望如此/不希望那样 hope to do (主语) 希望做…‎ ‎ hope for (希望发生某事) ‎ hope for the best (希望朝最好的方面发展)‎ ‎ in the hope of… 希望能…‎ hope of/for something 期望 ‎ hope of doing something/that 期望 build up/raise somebody’s hope 使…抱有希望 辨析 hope expect desire want wish ‎ hope 所表达的愿望实现的可能性很大,后面常常会出现will, may, can等情态动词; ‎ We all hope that you will recover sooner. ‎ 我们都期待你早日康复。 千万不能说: hope somebody to do!‎ wish 所表达的愿望实现可能性较小,后面常常出现could, would, might等 ‎ 虚拟结构. ‎ I wish I could be there.‎ ‎ expect 有指望,预料的意思,比起hope, wish意义不那么强烈 ‎ I didn’t expect you to be that rich. 我没料到你会那样富。‎ ‎ want want somebody to do 有一种指令的意义 ‎ desire 通常做名词,强烈的愿望 have a desire to do hopeful ad. having hope 抱有希望的,给人希望的 ‎ 词组 be/feel hopeful that/of/about 相信会… ‎ 反义词:hopeless horizon n. the line at which the sky and the earth appear to meet 地平线 词组 on the horizon 即将发生 horror n. feeling of intense fear or dismay; terror 恐怖,恐惧 词组 in horror 恐惧地 to one’s horror 使…感到恐惧的 展开 horrify vt. 使…害怕 hour n. twenty-fourth part of a day and night; 60 minutes 小时 词组 at/till all hours在/到任何时候 long hours 很长时间 ‎ on the hour 在整点 after hours 下班后 hovercraft n vehicle that is capable of moving over land or water while supported on a cushion of air made by jet engines气垫船 ‎ one/two hovercraft(单复数同形)‎ however conj. to whatever extent 不管怎样 ‎ ‎ adv nevertheless 然而 例句 Finish your homework however you like.‎ ‎ However did you come so late? 你怎么竟会来那么迟?‎ However hard I tried, I still failed to follow him.‎ 不管有多努力,我仍然听不懂他在说些啥.‎ ‎ He, however, still failed to find the key. 但是他仍然找不到钥匙.‎ human adj of man 人的,人类的 ‎ ‎ n. man 人 (=human being) ‎ 词组 human nature 人的本性 human life 人类生活 ‎ it is human to do 合乎人性 human being 人类(可数) ‎ ‎ human (可数)‎ ‎ ‎ humour n. quality of being amusing or comic 幽默,心情 ‎ 词组 have a good sense of humor 很有幽默感(不可数)‎ ‎ be in a good humor for something/to do something 有兴致做…‎ 展开 humorous adj. 幽默的 hungry adj. suffering from weakness, pain, etc because of a lack of food 饿的 词组 be hungry for 渴望得到… ‎ ‎ go hungry 挨饿 展开 hunger n.‎ hunt vt. chase (wild animals or game) and try to kill or capture them for food or support 追猎,射杀(猎物) ‎ 词组 hunt for 找寻 hurry n. eager haste匆忙 vt. rush 使赶紧,使加快 ‎ vi do something or move quickly or too quickly;rush 赶紧,匆忙 词组 in a hurry 赶紧做…‎ ‎ hurry somebody up催某人快做… hurry up: 快做…‎ hurt vi cause physical injury or pain痛, vt 使…痛 ‎ 词组 the words hurt me 这些话伤害了我的感情。‎ ‎ hurt a woman 伤害妇女 ‎ ‎ hurt one’s back 背部受伤 ‎ ‎ It won’t hurt to do…… 没有害处 例句 Does your head still hurt? 你的头还痛吗?‎ ice n. water frozen so that it has become solid冰 展开 icy adj. 冰冷,酷寒 idea n. plan, etc formed by thinking; thought 主意,念头 词组 give an idea of 使…对…有了解 ‎ have an idea of 感到…‎ ‎ have no idea +从句/what to do/how to do/of.. 不知道 ‎ ‎ have any idea +从句/of 知道(一般疑问句)‎ 例句 Have you any idea of what I saw yesterday? ‎ Have you any idea why he was late?‎ identify vt. show, prove, ect who or what something/somebody is ‎ 认出,鉴定---该动词强调认出身份 词组 to identify my coats among tens of others 在几十件衣服中认出我的 ‎ to identify the signature 认出签名 ‎ to identify me by a pink carnation 通过一支粉红的康乃馨认出我 ‎ to identify the purse by telling what it contained 通过指明钱包中的所有物指认钱包 ‎ identify a with b 将a与b联系起来 例句 I identify the book, which is my sister’s. 我认出了我妹妹的书。‎ ‎ ‎ 展开 identification n. (process of) identifying or being identified 认出,鉴定 ‎ an identification card 身份证 ignore vt. take no notice of something/somebody 不顾 词组 ignore the facts, ignore the traffic rule, ignore us, ignore the question 辨析 与neglect 相比, ignore 具有存心忽略之义.‎ ‎ Given the fact that we could not satisfy his need, he decided to ignore us.‎ ‎ 鉴于我们不能满足他的要求这一事实,他决心不理我们。‎ ‎ Sometimes parents will neglect their children’s needs.‎ ‎ 有时家长会忽略孩子们的需求。‎ ignorant adj. knowing little or nothing 无知的 ‎ 词组 be ignorant of/about 对…不了解 展开 ignorance n. lack of knowledge or information about something 无知 ‎ ignorance of 不懂 ‎ in ignorance (of) 对…不了解 ill (worse, worse) adj. sick 有病的,坏的 ‎ ‎(worse, worst) adv bad 坏,拙劣的 ‎ 词组 fall ill/be taken ill 生病 ill consequences 恶果 ill manners 坏习惯 ‎ ill will 心地坏 speak ill of… 说…坏话 辨析: sick and ill 见sick image n. copy of the shape of a person 影像,雕像, 形象 词组 be the image of 酷似 in the image of…按…的形象 例句 I can clearly see my image in the mirror 我可以清晰地看见自己在镜子里的影像。‎ ‎ An image of his smile came into my mind again 我又想起了他的笑容。‎ ‎ The coin bore an image of the queen 硬币上有女王的像。‎ ‎ we need to improve his image 我们需要改进他的形象。‎ imaginary adj. existing only in the mind, not real 想象的,虚构的(强调内容的非真实性)‎ 例句 What he said is not real, but imaginary. 他说的不是真的, 是虚构的。‎ It is an imaginary story. 这是个虚构的故事.‎ 辨析 imaginative---富有想象力的 ‎ Children are usually more imaginative than adults.孩子往往比大人更有想象力。‎ ‎ imaginable:---可以想象出来的 ‎ His story is the most imaginable. 他的故事完全可以想象得出。‎ Unit Thirteen imagine vt. form a mental picture of something 想象, 设想 词组 imagine life without you 想象没有你的日子 ‎ imagine his smoking in the room 想象他在屋里抽烟 ‎ imagine himself a king 想象他自己做了国王 例句 Please imagine that you have been on the moon now. 想象你在月亮上了 impact n. strong impression of effect on somebody/something 影响,作用 词组 make / have a great impact on 对…产生巨大影响 impatient adj. unable to deal calmly with something/somebody or wait for something 不耐烦的 词组 be impatient of something 对…不耐烦,为…发急 ‎ be impatient at somebody with somebody 对…(人)不耐烦 ‎ be impatient to do something 急于做…‎ 展开 impatience n.不耐烦 ‎ 反义词 patient adj. 耐心的 imply vt. suggest something indirectly rather than state it directly 暗示,含有…的意思 词组 smile implies satisfaction 微笑暗示了满意.‎ 例句 His expression implied that he had won. 他的表情暗示他已赢了。‎ import v. bring goods, ideas, etc from a foreign country into one’s own country 进口 ‎(反义词export)‎ 词组 import something from…into… 从…进口…‎ important adj. very serious and significant 重要的 词组 important to something/somebody 对某人/某物重要的 例句 It is important for you to win the game. 赢这场比赛对你很重要。‎ ‎ 注意: 中文中常常以人为句子的主语,比如:你这次赢得比赛很重要.而在英语中,会出 ‎ 现以动词不定式做主语或者it作为形式主语来进行.类似的词还有:necessary, ‎ ‎ convenient, possible, impossible ,etc.‎ It is impossible to read it in five days. 五天内看完它是不可能的。‎ 展开 importance n. being important 重要(性)‎ ‎ be of importance 重要 ‎ ‎ of importance(作定语用) ‎ He is a teacher of importance. 他是位重要教师.‎ ‎ ‎ impossible adj. that can not be done or exist 不可能的 词组 it is impossible for somebody to do something 某人做某事是不可能的 ‎ it is impossible that… …. 是不可能的.‎ ‎ somebody find it impossible to do… 某人觉得做某事是不可能的.‎ ‎ an impossible decision 一个不可能的决定 impress vt. have a favourable effect on somebody 给…流下深刻印象 词组 something impresses somebody 某事给某人留下深刻印象 ‎ somebody be impressed by/at/with something 某人对某事有深刻印象 ‎ impress something on/upon somebody 使某人铭记某物 ‎ impress his image on cloth 在布上印上他的像 展开 impression n. deep lasting effect on the mind or feelings of somebody印象 ‎ make a good/bad impression on sth 对…有好/糟糕的印象 ‎ give somebody a good/bad impression（on sb）给…留下好/坏的印象 ‎ leave a good/bad impression on sb （同上）‎ ‎ have the impression that… 有…的印象 ‎ under the impression 认为 impressive adj. 给人留下深刻印象的 improve v cause something to become better 改进,改善 词组 improve your writing/speaking/English/habits 改进/改善你的写作/演讲/英语/习惯 ‎ improve working conditions/wages 改善工作环境/工资 ‎ the spirit improves 精神好一些 the condition improved 情况改善 his reading skill improved 他的阅读技巧进步 ‎ improves in his writing 他的写作进步 展开 improvement n. action or process of improving 改进 ‎ improvement in/on something …方面的进步 inaccessible adj. very difficult or impossible to reach 达不到的,难办到的 词组 something is inaccessible to somebody 某人到不了某处/得不到某物 ‎(注意此处中英文主语的差异)‎ 展开 反义词 accessible --- be accessible to somebody inadequate adj. not enough不充分的,不适当的 ‎ 例句 The corn was inadequate for us/the winter. 玉米不够我们吃/过冬的。‎ ‎ Tom is inadequate for the position. 汤姆不适合该职位。‎ incident n. event of happening 事件 ‎ 辨析 incident--- 重大的事件 ‎ the Lu Gouqiao incident 卢沟桥事件 ‎ accident--- (偶发的)事故 .‎ The traffic accident cost four lives. 车祸导致四人死亡。‎ ‎ affair --- (通常意义的/广泛的)事情 ‎ money affairs, domestic affairs 关于金钱的事情, 国内事务 international affairs 国际事务 family affairs 家庭事务 include vt. event of happening 包括 ‎ 词组 have something/somebody as part of a whole 辨析 include contain involve ‎ include 讲的是大/总的名称下所包含的小的内容 ‎ The tour includes a visit to Shanghai 此次旅行包括上海一游。‎ ‎ The shopping list includes eggs, fruit and fish.购物单包括鸡蛋,水果和鱼。‎ ‎ The list includes many big names. 名单上包括许多大人物。‎ ‎ The book included several chapters. 该书包括若干章。‎ ‎ Dinner included four courses. 正餐包括四道。‎ ‎ contain 强调在容器里存在什么东西 ‎ The bowl contained yogurt. 碗里盛有酸奶。‎ ‎ involve 意思为涉及 ‎ His new job involved frequent business trips.他的新工作需要频繁出差。‎ ‎ I was not involved in that affair. 我与那件事无关。‎ including prep. having something/somebody as a part 包括 辨析 including, besides ,in addition to & except ‎ including所涉及的内容包含于总内容,是对总内容的补充说明.‎ ‎ Everybody was there, including Mary and Tom.‎ ‎ besides=in addition to 除了…之外,还另有,是对总内容的扩充.‎ ‎ Besides this book, I have another three English books. ‎ ‎ 除了这本书,我还另外有三本英语书。‎ ‎ except 所涉及的内容不包含于总内容.‎ ‎ Everybody is here, except you. 每人都在,就是你不在。‎ income n. money received over a certain period 收入 ‎ 辨析 income wage salary ‎ income---所有的进项,包括劳动所得的工资,投资回报,馈赠等等.‎ ‎ Wage ---周薪 ‎ Salary --- 月薪,而且通常指那些从事需要较高文化才可从事的工作 inconvenient adj causing trouble, difficulty or discomfort 不方便的 ‎ 词组 it is inconvenient for somebody to do something某人不便做…‎ ‎(中文以人为主语,英语以it为形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语)‎ ‎ something is inconvenient to somebody 某人不便做…‎ 展开 inconvenience n. 反义词convenient (用法同上)‎ increase v. n. become or make something greater in number, quantity, size, etc 增加,增长 ‎ 词组 an increase of 7 percent in production 生产增加7%‎ ‎ on the increase …在增加中 ‎ the wages increased by 17% 工资增长了17%‎ ‎ an increasing demand for skillful workers ‎ ‎(ing分词作定语,不断增长的对熟练工的需求)‎ ‎ I will increase the size of my house. 我会把我的房子放大.‎ ‎ increase one’s knowledge, increase the condition 增长知识, 改进状况 ‎ independent adj. not controlled by other people or things 独立的自主的 ‎ 词组 be independent of 独立于…‎ 展开 be dependent on 依赖于 depend on 依赖于 individual adj. n. single个人的,个体的 ‎ 辨析 individual 强调仅由单个个体去完成一件事 ‎ personal: 强调具有私密性.‎ ‎ The law is to protect the rights of the individual.法律旨在保护个体的权利。‎ ‎ Sorry, but t is personal.. 抱歉,那是私人的。‎ inevitable adj. that can not be avoided 不可避免的,必然的 ‎ 词组 something is inevitable infect vt. cause somebody/something to have a disease 传染,感染 ‎ 词组 be infected with 染上了…‎ 展开 infection n. 传染,感染 ‎ infectious adj. 有传染性的,易传染的 ‎ influence vt. power to produce an effect 影响 ‎ 词组 be under the influence of 在…影响下 ‎ have a bad/important influence over/upon/on 对…有坏/重要的影响 inform vt. give somebody knowledge of 通知,告之 ‎ 词组 inform somebody that… 告之某人…‎ ‎ inform somebody of /about something 通知某人关于…‎ ‎ inform somebody how/where to do 告之某人如何/怎么…‎ 展开 information 不可数名词,类似的还有: knowledge, education, society, etc. ‎ inherit vt. receive (property, a title, etc) as a result of the death of the previous owner 继承 词组 inherit something from somebody 从某人处继承某物 展开 inheritance n. 遗传,遗产 injure vt. hurt, harm 伤害,损害 例句 I injured my finger. 我弄伤了我的手指。‎ ‎ Last year, about 30 people were injured in that shop.‎ 去年,大约有30人在那家店受伤。‎ ‎ I didn’t mean to injure your feelings. 我不是存心伤害你的感情。‎ innocent adj. not guilty of wrongdoing 清白的,无罪的 ‎ 词组 be innocent of something 展开 innocence n. 清白 inquire v. ask to be told something by somebody 询问,打探 ‎ 词组 inquire what has happened 询问发生何事 ‎ inquire how to do something 询问如何做…‎ ‎ inquire about 打听 ‎ inquire after 问候 ‎ inquire for 要求得到 ‎ inquire into 调查 ‎ inquire of somebody 向…人打听 展开 inquiry n. request for help or for information 询问 ‎ make an inquiry about 询问某事 insist v. demanding something forcefully, not accepting a refusal 坚持,坚持认为 词组 insist on/upon something/doing something 坚持做…‎ ‎ insist that +虚拟语气(should 可以省略)---坚持认为该去做…‎ ‎ insist that + 非虚拟语气---坚持说/观点 inspire vt. fill somebody with the ability or urge to do鼓舞 ‎ 词组 inspire somebody to do 鼓舞某人做…‎ ‎ inspire somebody to something 鼓舞某人,使达到…‎ ‎ an inspiring talk (ing分词作定语) 鼓舞人的谈话 展开 inspiration n. 灵感,启发,鼓舞 for instance as an example 例如,比如 (注意:在句子里位置可位于句首,句中,句尾.)‎ 辨析 for instance 在举例时,不必将所有对象罗列出.‎ ‎ namely则需要全部列出.‎ in the first instance 首先 instead adv. as an alternative or replacement 代替,顶替 ‎ 辨析 instead 是副词, 修饰的是(整个)句子/动词.‎ ‎ If he is not willing to play with you, take me instead.‎ 如果他不想和你玩,就和我玩。‎ ‎ Last year I was in Suzhou, this year, I plan to stay in Ningbo stead.‎ 去年我在苏州,今年我打算去宁波。‎ ‎ 在instead of 结构中,一定要使用名词/动名词/介词短语.‎ ‎ We had tea in the room instead of in the yard. 我们在屋里而不是院子里喝茶。‎ ‎ I chose tea instead of coffee. 我选了茶而不是咖啡。‎ instinct n. natural inborn tendency behave in a certain way without reasoning or training 本能,天性,直觉 ‎ 词组 have the instinct to do 直觉地去做…‎ ‎ have an instinct for 天生有做…的本领 ‎ by instinct 凭本能 instruct vt. teach somebody a shool subject, a skill, etc 教,教授 ‎ 词组 instruct somebody to do 教…做..‎ instruct somebody in something 在…方面教某人 展开 instruction n process of teaching 指示，用法说明（常用复数）‎ read the instructions 读说明书 instrument n. implement or apparatus, used in performing an action, esp. for delicate or scientific work 仪器,乐器 ‎ 辨析 instrument, implement & tool ‎ instrument 常常指的是精密的科学仪器.‎ ‎ medical instruments 医学仪器 surgical instruments 外科手术器械 ‎ implement 指的是具有专门用途的某一类用具的集合 ‎ agricultural implements 农业(生产)工具 ‎ gardening implements 园艺用品 ‎ ‎ tool 通常指的是普通工具,日常生活中的常用工具 ‎ We need tools like a broom, an ax to begin the work. ‎ ‎ 我们需要像扫帚,斧子之类的工具来开展工作。‎ insurance n. guarantee of compensation of loss, damage, sickness, death, etc in return for regular payment 保险 ‎ 词组 insurance against something 防…的保险 展开 insure v. 保险 insure the house for US$39,000 以三万九千美圆保险这所房子.‎ 辨析 assure, ensure & insure ‎ assure 保证 ‎ assure somebody of something 向…保证(某事会如期发生),是一种承诺 ‎ assure him of his safety 向他保证他是安全的 ‎ ensure 确保 ensure somebody something 向..确保 ensure that 确保…‎ ‎ The CD album will ensure you a good night’s sleep. ‎ 这盒CD专辑可以确保你一夜安眠。‎ ‎ insure 保险 intend vt. have a particular plan in mind 打算,计划 词组 intend to do 打算做…‎ ‎ intend doing 打算做…‎ ‎ intend somebody to do 打算让….做…‎ ‎ intend that somebody (should) do 打算让…做…‎ ‎ intend something 计划…‎ ‎ intend for 准备让…做…‎ 展开 intention n. that which one proposes or plans to do 意图,目的 ‎ good intension 好心 ‎ intention of doing something/that 打算做…‎ intentional adj. 有心的 interest vt.cause somebody to have the state of wanting to learn or know about something/somebody 使…感兴趣 词组 something interest somebody… 使…感兴趣 ‎ interest somebody/oneself in something 迷上 have interest in something 对…感兴趣 lose interest in something 对…感兴趣 develop an interest in 开发对…的兴趣 the interests of the company 公司的利益, 利益(常用复数) ‎ have a half interest in that company 拥有该公司一半股份 in the interest of 为…的利益 ‎ of interest 有兴趣 ‎ to one’s interest 符合… 的利益 with interest 怀有兴趣 例句 I bought money from the bank at 6%. 我以6%的利息从银行借钱。‎ interested adj. showing curiosity or concern about something or somebody 有兴趣 词组 somebody be interested in something/ be interested to do an interested look 对…感兴趣的表情 interested members 有关的的成员 展开 interesting adj. holding the attention 有趣的 ‎ an interesting person 令(别人)感到有趣的人 interval n. time between two events 间隔,幕间休息 ‎ 词组 an interval of a year 间隔一年 in the play interval 幕间休息 at intervals 每隔一会儿 interval between something 间隔时间 introduce vt. make somebody known formally to sb else by giving the person’s name, or by giving each person’s name to the other介绍，引进 词组 introduce somebody to… 把…介绍给…‎ ‎ introduce gun powder to Europe 把火药引入欧洲.‎ 展开 introduction n. 介绍，引进 invade v. enter a country or territory with armed forces in order to attack, damage, or occupy 侵入,侵略 词组 invade an Asian country 入侵一个亚洲国家 ‎ viruses invade his body 病毒侵入他的身体 invest vt. use (money) to buy shares, property, etc, in order to earn interest or bring profit 投资 词组 invest something in something with somebody 展开 Investigation n. 投资 invisible adj. that can not be seen 看不见的 反义词:visible 词组 something be invisible to somebody/something invite vt. ask sb in a friendly way to go somewhere or do something 邀请 词组 invite somebody to do something invite somebody to something involve vt. include or affect something in its operation 牵涉,包含 例句 The problem involved all the students. 这个问题牵涉到所有学生。‎ ‎ All of us are involved in the campaign. 我们都卷入这场运动。‎ ‎ ‎ isolate vt. put something/somebody entired apart from other people or things 使孤立,使隔离 词组 isolate sb/sth from sb/sth 展开 isolation n. 隔离 辨析 isolate, divide, separate ‎ isolate 分隔后，使孤立 ‎ isolate him from his friends. 让他和朋友隔开来孤立他 ‎ divide 强调把一个整体分开这一个动作,使其具有若干个分部 ‎ divide the class into three parts 把班级一分为三.‎ ‎ separate 指采取分离,强调使物体不接触 ‎ Black people were separated from white people.‎ issue n point in question 问题，争论点，‎ supply or distribution of item for use or sale 发行，颁布，‎ one of a regular series of publications （书刊的）期号 ‎ v. publish or put into circulation 出版,发行,颁布 词组 a day after the book’s issue 书籍发行的一天之后 ‎ the fourth issue of the magazine 该杂志的第四期 ‎ issue a new stamp 发行新邮票 ‎ issue a new law 颁布新法规 例句 We need to figure out a way to solve that big issue. ‎ 我们需要找到解决那个大问题的方法。‎ it pron. 它 例句 It is ‎3 o’clock now. 表示时间 ‎ It is far from here. 表示距离 ‎ It is windy today. 表示天气 ‎ It is too noisy here. 表示环境 ‎ It is nice to see you here again.‎ It is my duty to help you.‎ It is beyond my power to help you.‎ It is considered impossible for us to help you. 代表不定式 ‎ It is no good/use crying over spilt milk. 代表动名词 ‎ It is obvious that he will like it.‎ It is a great joy to be with you.‎ It never occurred to me that he would visit us. 代表that引起的从句.‎ ‎ We found it necessary to leave early.‎ ‎ I have heard it that you beat him. 充当宾语 It is Mary that I saw yesterday in the street.‎ ‎ It is in Shanghai that I first met him.‎ ‎ It is not until yesterday that… 强调句 jam (jam-jammed-jammed) vt. squeeze something/somebody into a space 把…挤进,‎ ‎ vi 挤紧, n 阻塞 例句 Tom jammed four candies in his pockets.‎ ‎ We were jammed into the small room.‎ ‎ The key jammed in the lock.‎ ‎ Traffic jam is a big problem.‎ jealous adj.feeling or showing resentment of sb.’s advantages, achievements, etc 羡慕的,妒忌的词组 be jealous of sth/sb 展开 jealousy n. 妒忌 Unit Fourteen jewel n. precious stone 宝石,珠宝,首饰 辨析: jewel为可数名词 ‎ wear my favorite jewels 戴上我最喜爱的首饰 ‎ jewelry为不可数名词,是珠宝总称 ‎ My jewelry is not expensive. 我的首饰不贵。‎ job n. regular paid position/post 工作,零活 词组 do a good job 干得好 辨析 job, work.‎ ‎ job 意思为工作时,往往是可数名词,指的是具体的某一项工作 ‎ ‎ a good job 一份好的工作 ‎ work 是不可数名词,指的是抽象概念的工作 ‎ All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.‎ ‎ 只工作不玩耍,聪明的孩子也变傻。‎ join vt&vi fasten one thing to another 参加,加入 词组: join the army, join the club 成为…组织的一员 ‎ join somebody 和…在一起 ‎ join something 把…和…连起来 ‎ to join the island to the mainland 把岛屿与大陆连起来 ‎ join A to B, join A and B together/up 把A 和B连起来 ‎ ‎ join in something 参加…活动 ‎ join in an important discussion/game 参加一重要的讨论/游戏 joke n thing said or done to cause amusement 玩笑 ‎ 词组 play joke on 开…的玩笑 a practical joke 恶作剧 journey n travelling, usu by land, from one place to another, often far away 旅行 ‎ 辨析 journey trip travel ‎ journey--- 所指的旅行强调于路途/路途(中发生的事),有较灵活的意思 ‎ journey west 西行 ‎ safe journey home, a long journey, spend days on the journey ‎ travel---常常指一个最广义的旅行,相对于别的娱乐形式而言..‎ ‎ People can learn what they can not learn in the books from travel.‎ ‎ 人们通过旅行能学到书上学不到的知识。‎ ‎ trip --- 常指短途旅行 ‎ The trip to Shanghai will be fun. ‎ joy n. feeling of great happiness 欢乐 ‎ 词组 with joy=joyfully 展开 joyful n.‎ judge v. form an opinion about something 审判,评判 ‎ 词组 judge it safe to do 认为…是安全的 ‎ judge that… 判断…‎ ‎ judge by 从…来判断(多用分词judged by/judging by)‎ ‎ judge from 根据…可以发现…(分词形式为:judging from)‎ 例句 Judging from his appearance, he must be from the North.‎ 从他的外表看, 他肯定来自北方。‎ jump v. move quickly off the ground 跳,跳跃 词组 jump five feet, 跳五步 jump for joy,高兴地跳起来 jump the tough question(引申) 绕开难题 ‎ the price of food jumped 价格大涨 junior adj. lower in rank or standing 较年幼的,职位较低的 词组 be junior to sb by… 比某人小…‎ 例句 Mike is junior to Mary by 2. 麦克比玛丽小两岁。‎ just adv. exactly 正好,恰好 词组 just now 刚刚 just the same照样 just then 那时候 例句 Tom came just as I left. 我刚离开,汤姆来了。‎ ‎ Just you and me know the secret. 只有我和你知道这个秘密。‎ ‎ Just as you dislike ice cream, I hate cream. 正如你不喜欢冰欺凌,我不喜欢奶油。‎ keen adj. eager, active, sensitive 渴望的,敏锐的,精明的 词组 be keen on ,be keen to do 对…有强烈兴趣 ‎ keen edges 锋利的刀刃 keen eyes 敏锐的眼光 keep v (keep-kept-kept) cause somebody/something to remain in a specific state/position保持 ‎ 词组 keep a seat/position/money 留座位/ 位置/ 钱 ‎ keep a restaurant 经营饭店 keep a large family 养活一大家子 ‎ keep chickens 养鸡 keep one’s promise 遵守诺言 ‎ keep the law 遵守法律 keep a door 看门 ‎ keep a diary 记日记 结构 保持…状态: keep + adj ‎ keep somebody doing ‎ keep something done ‎ keep something/somebody +adj.‎ key n. instrument for moving the bolt of a lock 钥匙 词组 key to something(to为介词) …的钥匙, …的关键 kind adj. having, showing thoughtfulness, sympathy or love for others 和蔼的 ‎ n. race, natural group of animals, plants, etc 种,类 词组 be kind to 对…友好的 ‎ it is kind of somebody to do… 某人做…真是太好了!‎ kind of 有点… ‎ of…kind… 种类的 ‎ people of that kind 那种人 辨析 kind指的是往往是广义的事物种类 ‎ a kind of trees/people/chocolate/problems/books ‎ type指的常是特定的某类事物 ‎ blood type, a new type of cars ‎ knee n. joint between the thigh and the lower part of the leg in man膝盖 词组 go down on one’s knees 跪下 know v. have in the mind as the result of experience or of being informed, or because one has learned 知道 词组 be known as 公认为 be known for 因…而出名 know about 了解 be known to somebody 为…所熟悉 know by heart 背出 know of 听说过 know what to do 知道做什么 know it to be useless 认为它无用 ‎ know you exhausted 知道你累坏了 know each other 认识,熟悉 ‎ know good food, know good horses 认出,区分好坏 knowledge n. familiarity gained by experience 知识 展开 泛指的知识不可数 ‎ Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。‎ ‎ 当出现形容词时,常可用不定冠词. ‎ a good knowledge of English 英语方面知识 lack n. & vt. have less than enough of 缺乏,没有 词组 somebody lack something---vt ‎ my lack of money---n ‎ 例句 He failed the experiment for lack of experience.‎ ‎ Lacking experience, he failed the experiment. 由于缺乏经验, 他实验失败了。‎ late adj. after the right, fixed or usual time 迟的 词组 be late for something迟到 be late with something 做…晚了= be late in doing 辨析 late 意思是晚到的,迟到的 ‎ later 晚些时候,以后 We can do it later. 我们可以迟些做。‎ ‎ lately adv.=recently 最近 How are you doing lately? 最近你在做什么?‎ ‎ ‎ latter adj. the second of things or people already mentioned后面的 ‎ 词组 the former… the latter 前者…后者 ‎ my former head teacher 我的前任班主任 laugh v.n. make sounds and movements of the face and body, showing amazement, joy, contempt笑,笑声 词组 laugh at somebody 嘲笑 ‎ give a loud laugh 大笑 law n. rule made by authority for the proper regulation of a community or society or for correct conduct in life 法律 词组 break the law 违法 展开 lawful adj. 合法的 lay vt. (lay-laid-laid) put in a certain position 放,放置 词组 lay a table in the room 铺桌子 lay a new plan 提交新计划 ‎ lay an egg生蛋 lay the foundation for为…奠定基础 ‎ lay stress/emphasis/weight on something 认为..重要 ‎ lay something aside 储蓄 辨析 lay vt. laid-laid 放, 下蛋 somebody lay something in a place ‎ lay eggs ‎ ‎ lie vi. lay-lain 躺 He lay in bed the whole morning.‎ lead v (lead-led-led) guide or take, esp. by going in front; conduct领路,为…指路,导致,领导 词组 lead somebody to somewhere, lead somebody into somewhere 把…引到…‎ ‎ lead somebody to do 导致…做…‎ ‎ lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活 ‎ it leads to success 通向胜利 ‎ lead to something 引起,造成 leadership n power of leading 领导 词组 be under one’s leadership 在…的领导下 lean v (lean-leant-leant / lean-leaned-leaned ) be or put in a sloping position 靠,倚 词组 lean against the wall 靠着墙 lean on/upon 依靠 ‎ ‎ learn v gain knowledge of , or skill in 学,学习 词组 learn something, learn to do something, 学习, 学做…‎ ‎ learn how/when to do 学习如何/何时做…‎ learn the news, learn that. 听说…‎ ‎ learn from 从…学习 l earn of/about 听说…的事 ‎ learn by heart 记熟 learned adj having or showing much knowledge有学问的 词组 a learned professor 一位有学问的教授 least n smallest in size, amount, extent, etc 最小,最少 词组 at least 至少 not in the least 一点也不 leave vt.‎(leave-left-left) go away from 离开,把…留给 词组 leave somebody something 给…留给 ‎ leave something to somebody 把…留给…‎ ‎ leave something/somebody done/doing/+adj 使…处于…状态 ‎ be left with被剩下… leave alone 别惹 ‎ ‎ leave aside 搁置 leave behind 遗忘 ‎ leave for 动身去… leave out 遗漏 展开 n 准假,假期 on leave 休假 take one’s leave 告辞 ‎ ask for leave 请假 legal adj. connected with, in accordance with, authorized or required by, the law法律上的 展开 反义词 illegal ‎ leisure adj & n. spare time, time free from work空闲的 词组 at one’s leisure 有空 in one’s leisure’s time 在闲暇时间 lend vt give somebody the use of something for a period of time on the understanding that it or its equivalent will be returned 把…借给 词组 lend somebody something, lend something to somebody 借..给…‎ ‎ lend a hand with something 帮忙 ‎ length n. measurement from end to end 长度 词组 What’s the length of…?‎ ‎ at length 冗长地 in length 长度是…‎ at full length 全部展开 展开 lengthen vt. 加长 ‎ let vt. & vi. give the use of building or land in return for regular money payment;‎ ‎ allow to 被出租 让,出租 ‎ 词组 let somebody do 让…做…‎ ‎ let a house to somebody 把…租给… let alone 更不要说…‎ ‎ let go 放开 let out 泄密,发出…‎ level n. line or surface parallel with the horizon; such a surface with reference to its height 水平,含量 ‎ adj. having a horizontal surface平的 词组 rise to the level of 上升到…高度 ‎ at a…level 处于…程度 on a level with 与…一致 ‎ on the level 在平地上 licence n. permission from someone in authority to do something 执照 辨析 diploma---(毕业)文凭,用来证明…曾接受过…教育并毕业 ‎ license: 由政府等权威部门颁发的许可证 ‎ driving licence 驾驶执照 lie vi (lie-lay-lain) be, put oneself, flat on a horizontal surface or in a rest position be situated 躺,平放,位于,在于 词组 lie in the room躺在屋里 lie wounded 受伤躺着 例句 A big house lay before us. 一座大房子位于我们眼前。‎ ‎ His success lay in his hard work. 他的成功在于他的勤奋。‎ lie n. an untrue statement 谎言 词组 tell lies 吹牛 life n. state of existence as a human being 生活,(,泛指,不可数);‎ ‎ a specific way of living 生活,(某种特定生活,可数); [pl-lives]‎ ‎ condition that distinguish animals and plants from earth, rock, etc 生命(泛指,不可数);‎ ‎ state of existence, as an individual living being 性命(可数) ;‎ 词组 all one’s life 一生 between life and death 生命垂危 ‎ bring to life 使苏醒 come to life 苏醒过来 ‎ for life 终生 for one’s life 为了活命 ‎ from life 写生 ‎ 例句 I prefer city life to town life. 与城镇生活相比, 我喜欢城市生活。‎ ‎ They have a happy/poor life 他们过着幸福/贫穷的生活。‎ ‎ There is no life on the moon. 月球上没有生命。‎ ‎ It is said that cats have nine lives. 听说猫有九条命。‎ ‎ I gave all my life to my family. 我把一生都奉献给了我的家。‎ ‎ Children are always full of life. 孩子们总是充满活力。‎ light n. that which makes things visible 光,‎ v (light-lit-lit / light-lighted-lighted) cause to being burning点亮 ‎ 词组 bring to light 公之于众 come to light 为人所了解 ‎ in the light of 根据,参照 throw light on 提供线索 辨析 light-lighted-lighted light-lit-lit ‎ 作定语时应该使用 lighted a lighted candle ‎ 做表语时lighted/lit都可以 the candle is lighted/lit light a match 点燃火柴 light the room照亮房间 ‎ He lit up before reading. 看书前他先点了烟.‎ like prep. similar 像,跟…一样 ‎ 词组 be like, look like, seem like 像/看上去像 ‎ feel like doing/something 感到想…‎ 例句 Like me, she likes candies as well. 像我一样,她也喜欢糖.‎ 辨析 alike like ‎ alike是表语性形容词,仅做表语或后置定语.常用much, very much, exactly 来修饰,不可用very. ‎ The twins are very much alike. 这队双胞胎长得很像。‎ ‎ alike还可以做副词 ‎ They dress alike. 他们着装相似。‎ ‎ like既可以做标语又可以做定语.‎ ‎ They are like their grandfather. 他们很像他们的祖父。‎ ‎ The book is of a like kind. 这是一本相似的书。‎ like vt. be fond of 喜欢 ‎ 词组 like something, like to do, like doing 喜欢某事, 喜欢做…‎ ‎ like somebody to do 喜欢某人做…‎ ‎ should/would like somebody to do 愿意某人做…‎ likely adj. that is expected 可能的 adv. probably 很可能 ‎ 词组 somebody be likely to do 某人很有可能做…‎ ‎ it is likely that… 很可能会发生…‎ ‎ a likely place for him to hide 他可能的藏身地(定语)‎ ‎ most/very likely… 很可能…‎ limit n.. line or point that may not or cannot be passed; greatest or smallest amount, degree, of what is possible 极限,限度 vt. put a limit/limits to 限制,限定 词组 within limits 在…限度内 to the limit 到最大限度 ‎ time limit 时限 ‎ limit somebody/something to something 展开 limited adj. 有限的 line n. piece or length of thread, string rope or wire for various purposes 线,排 vt. be in a line 使排成行 vi. make something with lines 成一行,成一直线 词组 parallel lines 平行线 cross the line越线 ‎ shipping lines 航线 railway lines 铁路线 ‎ enemy lines 敌军防线 the front lines 前线 ‎ the new government takes a strong line 新政府采用强硬路线 ‎ simple lines 简单方式 hold the line 勿挂断电话线 ‎ 16 words on a line 16字一行 be in line 成一直线/一行 ‎ be in line with 和..一致 be out of line 未排成行 ‎ be out of line with和…不一致 line up 排队 ‎ read between the lines 从字里行间看出 link n. person or thing that unites or connects two others 联系 vt. join, be joined with 连接,联系 vi join 连接起来,联系在一起 词组 a link between A and B A与B之间的联系 ‎ a link with …的联系 ‎ be linked with 和…联系 ‎ link up 把…连接起来 little adj. (less-least) small or small in comparison 小,少量 词组 have little money (否定)没什么钱---仅修饰不可数名词,反义词为:few ‎ have a little money (肯定)有点钱 ‎ think little of 看不起 live vi. have existence as a plant or animal, be alive; reside 活,生活,过活,居住 vt. experience 过(生活), 经历 词组 live by 靠…维生 ‎ ‎ live on 靠吃…生活/靠(收入)生活 ‎ live on meat 以吃肉维生 ‎ live on salary/the rent/his parents 靠薪水/房租/父母生活 ‎ live up to something 达到…标准 例句 I live by teaching 我靠教书糊口。‎ lively adj. full of live and spirit充满活力的,灵敏的 辨析 alive live lively living ‎ alive adj. (不可以做前置定语)意思是本有能死的人/物活了过来.‎ ‎ He was still alive after the accident. 事故之后他仍然活着。‎ ‎ live [laiv](adj.) 活生生的 a real live fish 活鱼 ‎ 实况直播 give live broadcast 进行实况广播 ‎ lively adj.有活力的 Children are always lively.‎ ‎ 栩栩如生的 a lively story ‎ living adj, 活着的 living creatures 活着的生物 Unit Fifteen locate vt. be situated 确定…的地点, 使…坐落于 词组 be located 位于 ‎ locate his office in downtown 把他的办公室设在市中心.‎ 例句 Locate the missing boy is not an easy job. 要找到失踪的孩子不是易事。‎ ‎ My home is located in suburb. 我的家在郊区.‎ 展开 location n. 位置 lock vt& vi. fasten a door, a box, etc with a lock 锁,锁上; 被锁上,锁得上 ‎ n. appliance by which a door, gate, etc may be fastened with a bolt that needs a key to work it 锁 词组 lock up 锁好/保管起来 lock the money up, lock up the money ‎ lock the door up 把大门锁上 ‎ keep something/put something/be under lock and key 将…锁上 logical adj. able to reason correctly 合逻辑的 展开 反义词 illogical logic n.‎ lonely adj. without companions 寂寞的,孤寂的 ‎ 词组 feel lonely 感到孤独(表语) a lonely house 一座孤零零的房子(定语)‎ 辨析 lonely alone ‎ lonely 指的是心理上的感受,可做前置定语和表语 ‎ alone 指的是一个人呆着,是一种状态，像afraid, alive, alike, asleep, awake 等一样,属于表语性形容词,不可以充当前置定语. ‎ ‎ My parents went out last night, so I was alone.昨晚父母出去了,所以我一人独处。‎ 展开 n. loneliness寂寞,孤寂 ‎ long vi. wish for very much 渴望 ‎ adj. 长的 词组 long to do 渴望做… long for something 渴望有…‎ ‎ in the long run/term 长远来看, long distance 长途的 ‎ before long 不久以后 for long 很久 ‎ take long 花很长时间去做 look vi. seem to be 看,好像, 显得 ‎ n. facial expression 脸色,表情 ‎ 词组 look at something 看着… ‎ ‎ look +adj/ look+-ed/look+-ing 做系动词 ‎ something take on a new look 呈现新面貌 ‎ look forward to doing/something 渴望做…‎ ‎ a look of joy 开心的表情 例句 Never judge a person by his looks. 勿以貌取人. [pl]外貌 ‎ The house looks south. 面向 ‎ ‎ lose (lose-lost-lost ) vt no longer have失去,损失,丢失 vi. cause the loss of; fail to win 受损失,输掉 词组 lose control 失控 lose one’s health 身体坏了 ‎ lose its color 退色 lose one’s eyesight 失明 ‎ lose one’s mind 疯了 be lost迷路/不知所措 ‎ lose the game 比赛输了 lose the argument 争论失败 ‎ lose $500 损失$500 lose time浪费时间 ‎ lose the bus 没赶上车 be lost in…陷入沉思/被…所吸引 ‎ lose face 丢脸 lose heart 灰心 ‎ lose no time in doing 立即做… lose one’s temper 发脾气 ‎ lose one’s way 迷路 lose oneself 迷失方向 ‎ ‎ lose sight of 看不见… lose weight 减轻体重 例句 England loses to France. 英格兰队输给了法国队。‎ ‎ He lost heavily in the investment. 那次投资使他损失惨重。‎ ‎ My watches. 我的表慢了。‎ loss n. act, fact or process of losing 遗失,丧失 ‎ 词组 the loss of his job 失业 heavy losses 损失惨重 ‎ loss of a game 比赛输了 be at a loss to do 不知所措 lot n. a great amount or number of 许多 ‎ 词组 a lot of/ lots of 可以修饰可数和不可数名词 ‎ ‎ a lot of books/food, lots of books/food ‎ a lot 作状语,表程度. ‎ ‎ travel a lot, a lot fatter(可以修饰辨析级)‎ loud adj. not quiet or soft, easily heard 响亮的,大声的 辨析 aloud loud loudly---adv ‎ aloud 出声地,不是沉默地,声音不必大 read aloud朗读 ‎ loud(adv.) 响亮地 laugh loud 高声地笑 ‎ loudly: 吵闹地 laugh loudly/loudly declare that…‎ love v. have strong affection or deep tender feelings for 爱 n warm, kind feeling, fondness 爱,喜欢 词组 love to do/doing, she/I’d love to do 愿意做…‎ ‎ have love for something 喜欢 be in love with 爱上 ‎ fall in love with 爱上.. love affair 恋爱 loyalty n. being true and faithful to 忠诚 ‎ 词组 show loyalty to somebody 向….表示忠心 展开 loyal adj. be loyal to somebody 对…忠诚 luck n. chance;fortunate 运气 词组 have luck in doing/have the luck to do 运气好而做成了…‎ ‎ wish you luck 祝你好运 ‎ out of luck 倒霉 ‎ try one’s luck 碰碰运气 mad adj. mentally ill 发疯的,狂 热的 词组 go mad 发疯 be mad at somebody 生…的气 ‎ be mad at/about 为…生气/迷上 maintain vt. keep up, retain, continue 维持,建立 词组 maintain life维持生命 maintain friendship 保持友谊 ‎ maintain peace 维持和平 maintain a big family 养活一大家子人 ‎ maintain roads 养路 maintain that 坚持认为…‎ major adj. greater or more important 主要的，重大的，主修的 vi. specialize in 主修 词组 major problems 主要问题 major field 主要领域 ‎ a major success 重大胜利 major in 主修…‎ majority n. the greater number of part of 大多数 词组 the majority of people 大多数的人 make vt. construct or produce by combining parts or putting materials together 做 词组 make a dress做衣服 make a model ship 做航模 ‎ be made of 由…(原料)做成 ‎ a salad of lettuce and cucumber 生菜黄瓜色拉 ‎ be made from (原料看不出) 由…做成 ‎ be made up of 由…组成 ‎ make tea 煮茶 make a draft 起草 ‎ make plans 定计划 make notes 记笔记 ‎ make a fire 生火 make a study of 进行研究 ‎ make an examination of 对…进行研究 ‎ make preparations for 为…做准备 ‎ make an arrangement 做安排 ‎ ‎ make somebody do something 使…做… somebody be made to do(被动)‎ ‎ make somebody/something + adj. 使… make him happy ‎ make something the other thing 使… make it a rule 使之成为规则 ‎ make something/somebody done 使…. make myself heard 使我被听见 ‎ make a good wife 成为好妻子 make money 赚钱 ‎ make difference 有关系 make friends with 和…交朋友 ‎ make a habit of 养成…习惯 make good use of 充分利用 例句 Paper is made from bamboo. 纸是由竹子做的。‎ ‎ The class is made up of 23 girls. 23位女孩组成了这个班级。‎ man n. adult male human being; human being 男人,人 词组 a smart man/smart men (可数)聪明人 例句 Man is able to speak. 人类能说话。 (人类,多做单数) ‎ manage vt. succeed; control 设法做到,管理,经营 词组 manage to do / manage something 设法做到 ‎ manage a large company 管理大公司 展开 management n. 管理 manner n. way in which a thing is done方式; person’s way of behaving towards others 态度social behavior (~s)礼貌 ‎ 词组 in a …manner 以..方式 例句 It’s bad manners to speak with your mouth full. 嘴里吃满了东西说话是不礼貌的。‎ many adj. a large number of 许多(修饰可数名词) ‎ 词组 a good many 很多 as many as…多达 ‎ many a time = many times 多次 例句 Many a girls is here= Many girls are here.‎ mark n. score 分数/成绩, a noticeable spot记号 vt. to give score to 给…打分 词组 70 marks 70分 leave a mark on the road 在路上做标记 ‎ a mark of old age 老年的标志 mark the exam 批试卷 marry vt. take as a husband or wife 与…结婚 ‎ vi 结婚 (不可以延续的动词,瞬间动词) ‎ 词组 A marries B, A is married to B 与…结婚 somebody be married (已结婚这个状态) ‎ a married person 已婚人士 例句 They have been married for 30 years. 他们结婚有30年了。 ‎ They married last year. 他们是去年成的亲。‎ match .vt. be equal to 和…相配,使相配, vi. 相配 ‎ n. game; person able to meet another as his equal in strength, skill, etc 比赛,竞赛,相配 词组 a football match 足球赛 make a good match 很相配 例句 The curtain matches the wall 窗帘和墙壁(颜色)相配。‎ ‎ I will match the dress with peal necklace. 我用珍珠项链来配这套衣服。‎ Nobody matched him in maths. 他的数学无人可比。‎ ‎ Match his strength with Tom’s 和Tom比力。‎ The tie doesn’t match with his suit 领带与他的西服不配。‎ matter n. trouble; piece of business; substance(s) of which a physical thing is made 麻烦事,事情,物质 ‎ vi. 要紧,有关系(用于否定句或疑问句)‎ 词组: a matter of days/months 仅仅几天/几年就…‎ ‎ as a matter of fact 事实上 ‎ no matter what/who/how/when 不管 例句 It doesn’t matter when he comes. 他何时来不要紧。‎ may v.aux. (may-might-might) used to indicate permission or request for permission可以 词组 may as well do something不妨 ‎ 例句 表允许 May I come in? You may go.‎ ‎ 表可能性 He may be late. 他可能会迟到。‎ 引起目的状语从句. Give him money now so he may buy food.‎ 给他钱,这样他就可以买食物了。‎ 引起让步状语从句 However late he may come, his wife is always waiting for him.不管他回家有多晚,他妻子总是等他。‎ ‎ 表祝愿. May you be always pretty. 祝你一直漂亮。‎ maybe adv probably 大概 辨析 maybe may be maybe 意思是:或许,大概,副词 ‎ ‎ They maybe come late. 他们可能晚到。‎ may be 意思是:大概是 ‎ ‎ They may be scientists. 他们也许是科学家。‎ mean vt signigy;import 意味着,就是 词组 mean something mean doing 意味着 something means a lot/ a great deal/nothing to somebody ‎ ‎ 对…很有意义/无意义 ‎ mean to do 有…打算 what do you mean by 你…是什么意思?‎ had meant to do 原本打算做…‎ means n. method, process, by which a result may be obtained 方法,手段 ‎(单复数同型,都是 means)‎ 词组 by all means 一定要 by means of 依靠…‎ by no means 一点也不 ‎ meantime n. meanwhile 间隔时间,其时 词组 in the meantime 与此同时 meet (meet-met-met) vt 遇见,会见 come together from different points or directions ‎ ‎ vi.相遇 词组 two rivers meet here 两条河流在此会合 meet my train 到火车站接我 meet my bill 付账 meet one’s need 满足…的需要 meet the situation 应付…情形 meet the hope 满足愿望 meet the qualification 符合要求 meet danger遭遇危险 make ends meet 收支相抵 meet with somebody/something 遇见… 遭遇…‎ memory n. power of keeping fact in the conscious mind and of being able to call them back at ‎ will记忆; serving to recall somebody纪念;unit of a computer which stores data for future use (计算机)存储器 词组 have a poor memory 记性不佳 ‎ in one’s memory 在…的记忆中 ‎ have no memory of 没有对…的记忆 ‎ a happy/miserable memory 一段愉快/不愉快的记忆 in memory of 纪念 mercy n. holding oneself back from punishing 慈悲,宽容 ‎ 词组 at the mercy of 听任…摆布 have mercy on 对…表示同情 mess n. state of confusion or disorder凌乱状态,混乱局面,困境 ‎ 词组 be in a mess 乱七八糟 make a mess of 把…搞得乱七八糟 middle n. point, position or part, which is at an equal distance from two or more points, etc or between beginning and end 中间,腰部 ‎ adj. in the middle 中间的 词组 in the middle of 在…过程中/在…中间 million num. 百万 one thousand thousand 词组: one/two/10 million several million, millions of ‎ mind n. way of thinking, what a person thinks 理智,意向 ‎ vt. object to; take care of, attend to 介意,反对,注意,留心 ‎ 词组 be on one’s mind 有心事 bear in mind 记住 ‎ change one’s mind 改主意 have a/no mind to do 打算/不打算做…‎ ‎ keep in mind记住 lose one’s mind 发疯 ‎ make up one’s mind to do 打定主意做…‎ ‎ read one’s mind 看出…的心事 mind something 留心…‎ ‎ mind how he shared the money 留心他是怎样分钱的 ‎ mind what he shared 留心他说了啥 ‎ mind doing 介意做…(常用于否定句或疑问句)‎ ‎ mind somebody doing 介意某人做…‎ ‎ don’t mind what happened/that I was late/whether I need to go ‎ 不介意发生的事/我迟到了/我是否需要走 mind one’s own business 少管闲事 mind out当心 never mind 没关系 would you mind doing 劳驾 ‎ minority n. the smaller number of part,esp. of a total of votes; small racial 少数,少数民族 词组 a minority of 多数 ‎ 展开 反义词 majority miss vt. faille to hit, hold, catch, reach, see, etc what it is desired to hit feel the absence of; omit ‎ 失却,错过,想念,未赶上,缺(课等)‎ 词组 miss the target 未中靶 miss the aim 未打中 miss one’s point/meaning 没有听懂…的意思 miss the ball未接住球 miss the train 未赶上火车 ‎ miss an important meeting 错过一个重要会议 miss doing 错过… miss a wallet 丢失皮夹 miss your mother 想念你的母亲 ‎ mistake n. wrong opinion, idea or act 错误 ‎ vt. (mistake-mistook-mistaken)be wrong, have a wrong idea about　弄错,把…错认 词组　　by mistake 错误地 　　 make a mistake 犯错误 ‎ mistake one’s meaning 误会…的意思 mistake the address/road 搞错地址/马路 ‎ mistake ….for …. 把…错当成 展开　　mistaken 　adj． ‎ be mistaken about 把…搞错了 a mistaken idea 错误想法 mix vt put, bring or come together so that the substances, etc are no longer distinct　使混合 ‎ 词组　 mix A and/with B 　 把A与B混合 展开　　mixed复杂的/混杂的　adj. ‎ a mixed society 混杂的社会 ‎ 　　　 mixed feelings 复杂的感情 moment 　n． point or very brief period of time　　片刻,瞬间 词组　　 at any moment 随时 at every moment 不断地 at the last moment 在最后一刻 at the moment 此刻 for the moment 暂时 ‎ the moment　 引起时间状语从句 ‎ 展开　　The moment the baby saw his mother, he smiled.婴儿一见到母亲就笑了。‎ mood n state of mind or spirits　心情,情绪 词组　　　 in a happy mood 心情好 　　　 in a bad mood 心情坏 be in the mood for something/to do something 有做…的心情 展开　　　moody 　adj. 情绪化的　‎ more 　adj. 更多的,较多的(many 和much 的辨析级) adv. 更 词组　　　　more and more 越来越多的 the more… the more./less… 越…就越/不…‎ more often than not 在多数情况下 more or less 大体上 ‎ more than… 极为…‎ more chairs/ more money 更多椅子/钱　　(充当定语)更多的 ‎　more…than… 与其说…不如说 ‎　　　　　　　no more/not any more 不再 no more…than… 比…更不…‎ no more than=only 例句 　　　Are there enough chairs? There are far more than we need.‎ ‎ 　　　　　　 椅子够么? 比我们需要的更多.‎ ‎ 　　Many kids like the new game but many more are not interested in it at all.‎ ‎ 　　　　　　 许多孩子喜欢新游戏,但是更多孩子一点都不喜欢.‎ ‎ 　The more you eat, the fatter/the less thin you will be. 吃得越多,你就越胖.‎ I am more than glad to see you. 我非常高兴见到你.‎ ‎ His novel is more than a book. 他的小说不仅仅是本书.‎ He is more silly than quiet. 与其说他安静,不如说他笨.‎ He is no more able to understand the meaning than a baby.‎ ‎ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　比起婴儿,他更没能力理解这个含义.‎ most adj.. 最多的(many和much的最高级)‎ adv. 最(much的最高级,用于构成形容词或副词的最高级)‎ 词组 at most 最多 make the most of 充分利用 most frequently 最常(用) most interesting最有趣 ‎ a most funny person 非常有趣的人 例句 Who has the most apples/money? 谁的苹果/钱最多?‎ This is the most I can say. 我只能讲这些。‎ Most of the apples are red. 大多数苹果是红的。‎ Most of the money is his. 大多数钱属于他。‎ I like apples most. 我最爱苹果。‎ mostly adv. chiefly, almost all主要地 ‎ 辨析: most mostly most 表示”大部分的,多数的”,是形容词 ‎ Most teachers are from China. 大多数老师来自中国。‎ most of the+名词 特指某一部分人/物中的大多数成员.‎ ‎ Most of the money is his. 大多数的钱属于他。‎ ‎ Most of the teachers are from China. 大多数老师来自中国。‎ mostly是副词,=mainly, 意思是:”大部分地,主要地,通常”‎ ‎ We mostly are interested in cartoons.‎ ‎ 我们主要是对卡通感兴趣。‎ ‎ His books are mostly about his adventure in Africa.‎ ‎ 他的书主要是关于他在非洲的历险。‎ ‎ He is now eating in a restaurant, but he mostly eats at home.‎ ‎ 他现在正在饭店用餐,但通常他在家吃饭。‎ move vt.‎& vi. cause to change position 移动 ; 使….移动 词组 move to Shanghai搬到上海 move the chair搬椅子 ‎ move his family to a new place 把家搬到新地方 例句 The story moved him. 故事使他感动。‎ The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。‎ much (more, most) adj.& adv. 许多 (仅修饰不可数名词,反义词是: many )‎ 词组 as much as 多达 not think much of 认为…不怎么样 ‎ as much as几乎 much as…虽然 ‎ much less 更不用说 much more 就更加 例句 Much of the money goes to Bill. 大多数钱被Bill拿走了。‎ Much has been shared. 大多数的已经分享了。‎ I have so much to learn. 我要学的有那么多。‎ I don’t like it much.=I don’t much like it. 我不怎么喜欢它。( 修饰动词 )‎ ‎ They don’t eat much. 他们吃得不多。‎ ‎ I am much surprised/interested. 我非常吃惊/感兴趣 。(修饰-ed分词)‎ ‎ Do you see her much? 你常见到她吗?‎ ‎ You look much younger. 你看上去年轻多了。‎ ‎ He is working on it much more carefully. 他现在做得更仔细了。‎ ‎ He is much/by far the best student． 他是最好的学生。‎ ‎.( 修饰形容词/副词辨析级或最高级)‎ ‎ You as much as told me that I failed. 你几乎是在告诉我,我没成功。‎ ‎ We cannot take it, much as we’d like to. 我们不能拿,虽然我们想拿。‎ ‎ I won’t hurt him, much less kill him. 我不会伤害他,更不用说杀他。‎ It is difficult to understand his written English, much more his spoke English.‎ 要理解他的书面英语已经够困难的了,更不要提他的口语了。‎ must v.aux. expressing an immediate or future obligation or necessity 必须,应当 例句 Must I go now? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. (表必须)‎ ‎ He must be your English teacher. 他一定是你的英语老师。‎ He must have told a lie. 他一定是吹牛。‎ He must be reading now. 他现在一定正在读书。(表一定是,表肯定的猜测)‎ Why must you ask her that silly a question? ‎ ‎ 你干吗偏要问她那样一个傻问题? 表偏要(做令人不愉快的)事情 ‎ Unit Sixteen name n. word(s) by which a person, animal, place, thing, etc is known and spoken to or of 姓名 ‎ vt. give a name to 给…取名字,为…命名 ‎ 词组 by name 按名字 by the name of 叫…的(人)‎ in the name of 以…的名义 under the name of 以…为笔名 name their child Julie 把他们的孩子叫做Julie ‎ name that plant 说出那种植物的名字 ‎ name several cases 提到/提出几例案件 ‎ name him as/to be monitor 任命他为班长 ‎ be named after 照…命名 namely adv. that is to say 即,也就是 使用该词时,在举例时应将所有例子举出 例句 There are three fruits on the table, namely apples, grapes and peaches.‎ ‎ 桌子上有三种水果,即苹果,葡萄和桃子。‎ nature n. the whole universe and every created thing 大自然,自然界 ‎ 词组 by nature 天生地 good-natured天性善良的 例句 Nature is at her best in summer here. 此地大自然在夏天最美。(自然,不可数)‎ ‎ She has a good nature 她性格很好。(性格,可数)‎ ‎ The nature of that question is very complicated.‎ 那个问题的本质很复杂。(本质,可数)‎ nearly adv. almost 几乎,差不多 ‎ 辨析 nearly almost ‎ 在肯定结构中,两者可以通用.但是在否定句中,nearly只能放在否定词not后面,表示“远未…” ‎ He has not nearly reached his goal yet. 他远远没有达到他的目标。‎ ‎ almost则应该位于否定词之前 , almost nothing, almost nobody, almost none,‎ ‎ almost nowhere, almost never, etc.‎ ‎ 但是在数字前面,常常用nearly. ‎ Nearly 50 people are here. 大概有50 人在此。‎ necessary adj. which has to be done 必要的,必须的 词组 something is necessary 某事有必要的 to do something is necessary ‎ it is necessary for somebody to do something 某人有必要做某事 ‎ 展开 necessity n. 必要性 need v. aux. be necessary 必要,需要 ‎ vt. want, require 需要,须要 ‎ n. requirement 需要物,必要 例句 You/He needn’t get up early. 你/他没必要早起。‎ ‎ You needn’t’ have got up so early. 你没有必要这么早起床。(做了一件没必要的事)‎ ‎ Need he/we go now? 他/我们需要马上走吗? (Yes, we must/No, we needn’t)‎ ‎ He needed to know the truth. 他需要知道真相。‎ ‎ He needs to know the truth. 他需要知道真相。‎ ‎ He needed/needs money. 他需要钱。‎ ‎ The flower needed/needs watering. 花需要浇水。‎ There is no need for us to go now. 我们没有必要马上离开。‎ I have no need of money. 我不需要钱。‎ Basic needs are considered. 基本需求得到考虑。‎ negative adj. indicating no or not否定的 ‎ 展开 反义词 positive ‎ neglect vt. pay no attention to 疏忽,忽略 词组 neglect something, neglect to do (出于疏忽)忘了做…‎ 辨析 neglect 是由于不小心而忘了做, ‎ ignore 则是存心不去做 neither adv. not one nor the other (of two) (两者)都不 例句 Neither of the two girls/Neither girl/Neither of them is happy. 她们两个都不开心。‎ 辨析 neither 是对两个对象的全部否定, ‎ ‎ Neither of them is from Shanghai.他们两人都不是上海人。‎ none 是对三个或三个以上对象的全部否定.‎ ‎ None of them is happy. 这些人都不快乐。‎ both…not是对两个对象中的一个进行否定,不是全部否定.‎ ‎ Both of them are not from Shanghai.他们两人中有一个是上海人。‎ all…not../not…all 是对三者或三者以上对象的部分否定.‎ ‎ Not all of them are from Shanghai. 他们中有些是上海人。‎ neither …nor.. Neither Tom nor I am correct. Tom和我都不正确。‎ nervous adj. tense, excited 神经紧张的 ‎ 词组 be nervous about 害怕做…‎ no adj.& adv. not one, not any 没有;不,不是 词组 have no money, have got no money, there is no money, there are no books.‎ ‎ 没有钱/没有书 ‎ do you no harm 对你没有坏处 do no reading没有看书 ‎ in no time 很快 no wonder难怪 ‎ no longer 不再 no sooner…than…一…就…‎ 例句 No man is born wise. 没有人生来聪明。‎ ‎ He is no fool. 他根本不是个傻瓜。‎ ‎ She is no thinner than her mother. 她一点也不比她母亲瘦。‎ ‎ He reads no more quickly than his brother. 他读得并不比他弟弟快。‎ none pron. not any, not one 没有人,没有任何东西 词组 none other than 正是…‎ 辨析 no one none no one 意思是”没有人”,等于nobody,仅指人,不指物, 在no one 后不可以接of短语.‎ ‎ No one is born wise.没有人天生聪明。‎ none 既可以指人,也可以指物, 也可以单独使用,也可以后面跟of短语.‎ ‎ None is born wise. 没有人天生聪明。‎ ‎ None of the books is yours. 没有一本书是你的。‎ ‎ How many books are there on the table?----None. ‎ 桌上有几本书? 一本也没有。‎ nor conj.& adv. (after neither or not) and not 也不,也没有 例句 Neither you nor I am young. 你我都不年轻了。‎ He did not eat nor drink. 他不吃也不喝。‎ He didn’t know it, nor did I.‎ 他并不知晓,我也不知道。‎ not adv. （used with auxiliary verbs and modal verbs to form the negative）不 词组 not at all 完全不， 一点不；不用谢 ‎ not only…but (also)… 不仅…而且 not…but… 不是…而是 例句 not because…but because… 不是因为…而是因为 ‎---“Will it rain today?” 今天会下雨吗？‎ ‎---“I hope not.” 我希望不下。‎ ‎---“Can you come next week?” 下星期你能来吗？‎ ‎---“I’m afraid not.” 我恐怕不能。‎ nothing pron. not anything; no single thing 没有东西 词组 to say nothing of 还不说，除了…‎ 例句 Three people were badly hurt, to say nothing of damage to the building.‎ 三个人重伤，不用说这楼房损坏了 辨析 have nothing to do with… （和…）没关系 ‎ have nothing to do but do… 除了做… 没事做 have no choice but to do… 除了做…没有选择 can’t choose but do 只得做 ‎ 辨析 nothing but 只有…，只不过 ‎ ‎ anything but 绝对不 ‎ all but 几乎， 差不多 ‎ Don’t have him for a friend; he’s nothing but a criminal. ‎ 别把他当朋友，他只不过是罪犯。‎ ‎ The hotel was anything but satisfactory. 这家旅馆一点不让人满意。‎ It was all but impossible to climb back into the boat. ‎ 再回到小船已几乎不可能了。‎ notice n. warning (of what will happen) 通知 ‎ vt. become aware of ; observe 注意到 ‎ vi. draw attention 引起注意 词组 notice + object+ do…/doing…/done 注意+ 宾语+ 做了…/正在做…/被做 ‎ take notice of 注意，理会 ‎ noticeable adj. 可以看出/觉察到，引人注意 ‎ noticeably adv. 显然，明显地 now adv. n. conj. at the present time 现在 词组 just now 刚才 ‎ now and then［again］ 每隔些时候就…，不时 ‎ by now （到）现在，‎ ‎ every now and then 每隔一些时候，相当经常地 ‎ from now on 从现在起 ‎ until［up to ］now 到现在为止 ‎ now that 既然 number n. symbol or word indicating a quantity units; numeral 号码； 数字 词组 a number of … 很多，好些 ‎ the number of… …的数目 ‎ in number 在数量上， 人数…‎ ‎ in large/great numbers 大量地 object vi. say that one is not in favor of ; protest不赞成，反对 ‎ vt. give … as a reason for opposing… 提出…作为反对的理由 词组 object to + n./ doing… 反对…，反对做…‎ 展开 objection n. disapproval, opposition 反对 oblige vt. compel 迫使 词组 be much obliged to sb. for sth. ‎ ‎=be very grateful / thankful to sb. for sth. 因谋事对某人很感谢 ‎ be obliged to do… 被迫，不得不做…‎ 展开 obligation n. being forced or required to do sth. 义务 observe vt. watch carefully; obey 观察，遵守 词组 observe （sb. /sth.） do… / doing… 观察（某人/某事）做了/ 在做…‎ ‎ observe the traffic regulations 遵守交通规则 ‎ observe Christmas 庆祝/过圣诞节 ‎ observation n. 观察，注意 ‎ occasion n. particular time; opportunity 场合，时机 ‎ 词组 on such an occasion 在这样场合下 ‎ on occasion 有时 ‎ take this /that occasion 借这/那个机会 展开 occasional adj. 偶尔的 occasionally adv. 偶尔地 occupation n. employment 工作，职业，是较正式的用法。指长久性所从事的职业。‎ 辨析 career n. 生涯，职业，指以谋生为目的的职业生涯， 如：follow a ‎ career. ‎ profession n. 职业，尤指受过高等教育及专门训练的职业，如：the teaching profession job, work n.. 工作，最普通的用语。job是可数名词，而work是不可数名词 occupy vt. have possession of 占据；占有 词组 occupy oneself with / in 忙于（某事）‎ ‎ be occupied in / with 忙于（某事），正在做（某事）‎ occur vi. (occurred occurred occurring) happen; come into one’s mind; exist ‎ ‎ 发生；被想起；出现，存在 词组 sth. occurred to sb. 某事被某人想起 例句 It occurred to sb. that … 被某人想起…‎ ‎ Misprints occur on every page. 每页存在印刷错误。‎ 辨析下面的句子：‎ ‎ An idea occurred to me. 我有了一个主意。‎ ‎ An idea hit me. 我有了一个主意。‎ ‎ An idea struck me. 我有了一个主意。‎ ‎ I hit on an idea. 我有了一个主意。‎ 展开 Occurrence n. 发生的事（可数）；发生（不可数）‎ offer vt. n. put forward; provide 提出；提供 词组 offer to do… （主动）提出要做某事 ‎ offer a suggestion 提出建议 辨析 offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. （主动）给某人某物 ‎ supply sb. with sth.= supply sth. to sb. 供给某人某物 ‎ provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb. 提供某人某物 once adv. one time 一次 ‎ conj. as soon as, when 一旦 词组 at once 立即，马上 all at once 突然 ‎ once a day 每天一次 once again=once more 再一次 ‎ ‎ once in a while 偶尔 once upon a time 从前 oneself pron. ( used when people in general cause and are affected by an action )自己；亲自 词组 (all) by oneself = on one’s own 独自 to oneself 独自享用，专用 ‎ of oneself 自动 for oneself为自己 ‎ between ourselves 不足为外人道，不可向外传 ‎ in oneself 就其本身来说，本人 not be (feel) oneself 身体不舒服 only adv. no one or nothing else 仅仅；只有 词组 the only child 独生的孩子 only too 非常 ‎ ‎ If only 但愿（句中动词要用虚拟语气）‎ 例句 I shall be only too pleased to come. 我将非常乐意来。‎ ‎ If only I were a bird! 我如果是一只鸟就好了！‎ If only I had taken his advice. 我要是听他的话就好了。‎ If only he would stop talking! 但愿他停止讲话就好了！‎ Only once was he beaten for his dishonesty. 他只有一次因不诚实被打。‎ Only by working hard can we succeed in everything. ‎ 只有通过努力，我们才能一切成功 ‎ 注: Only + 副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句 + 助动词 + 主语 ‎ ‎（Only用于句首，修饰状语， 主语和谓语要倒装。）‎ ‎ 如果only后面不是状语，则不用倒装。如:‎ Only Wang Ling knows this. 只有王林知道这事。‎ ‎ ‎ open adj. allowing things or people to go or be taken in, out, or through; not closed 开着的，开放的 ‎ v. become open; be opened 开，打开 词组 opening speech 开幕词 opening ceremony 开幕式 ‎ opening remarks 开场白 in the open air 在露天里，室外 ‎ in the open 公开（地）‎ ‎ with open arms / an open hand 热情地（欢迎）‎ ‎ be open to 容易受到（诱惑，批评等）；愿意考虑, 可以（查看，参加）‎ 例句 Any boy is open to temptation. 任何男孩容易被诱惑。‎ ‎ I am open to your suggestions. 我愿意考虑你的建议。‎ 展开 openly adv. 公开地， 坦率地 opening n. 开口处 operate vi. perform a surgical operation 实行手术，开刀 ‎ vt. work; control开动；管理 词组 operate the machine 开机器 operate the factory 管理工厂 ‎ operate on sb. 为某人作手术 ‎ 展开 operation n. 手术 opinion n. belief or judgment 意见；看法 词组 in one’s opinion 据某人看来 ‎ have a good /high/poor, etc opinion of… 对…印象很好/坏等，认为…很好/坏等 例句 I haven’t much of an opinion of him. 我对他印象不怎样。‎ opposite n. thing that is as different as possible 对立面，对立物 ‎ adj. having a position on other side 对面的，反对的 ‎ adv. on the other side of… facing 在对面，对过 ‎ 词组 on the opposite side of the street 在街对面 ‎ in the opposite direction 朝相反的方向 ‎ opposite to 在…对面；和…相反 例句 His house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的对面。‎ ‎ Hot is opposite to cold. 热的反义词是冷。‎ She says one thing but means the opposite. 她说的是反话。‎ The hotel is opposite the church. (prep.) 旅馆在教堂对面。‎ order n. way in which people or things are placed; conditions in which everything is carefully and neatly arranged次序；整齐；秩序 ‎ vt. request sb. to bring ( food, drink, etc); arrange; command ‎ 叫（菜饭饮料等）；整理；命令 词组 in order that 以便（跟从句） ‎ in order to do… 为了做某事 ‎ ‎ in order 按顺序，井井有条，处于良好状态 ‎ out of order 坏了，不合规定 ‎ in good order 处于良好状态 ‎ place an order for sth. with… 向…订购某物 展开 orderly adj. 整齐的，有秩序的 ordinary adj. normal, usual 普通的，平常的，指平淡无奇，不特殊。 ‎ 词组 ordinary people 普通人 (暗指平淡和平庸)‎ 辨析 common adj. 普通的， 常见的，指某一事物常见，不足为奇。还有“共同的”和“共有的”之意。‎ common disease 常见病 common knowledge / sense 常识 ‎ ‎ general adj.“普通的，一般的”，指普通存在于人和事物之中较少例外，有“普及，大众化”之意。 ‎ a general idea大致了解 a matter of general interest普遍感兴趣的事 ‎ in general 一般的，大体上 ‎　　　　average adj.“平均的，一般的”，指处于中等平均状态。‎ the average age （平均年龄）‎ other adj. different from 别的，其他的 词组 each other 互相 every other day 每隔一天 ‎ none other than 不是别人，而是 one after another / the other 一个接一个地，相继 ‎ the other day 前不久有一天 ‎ some…or other 某一个，哪一个 for some reason or other 因某种原因 ‎ other than 除了 rather than 而不是 ‎ more than 超过 ‎ ‎ 辨析 others 指不定的“其他/它人或物（复数）‎ We must think more of others. 我们要多想想别人。‎ Some…, others…有的…，有的…‎ Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor.‎ 有的擦窗户，有的擦地板。‎ ‎ the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部 ‎ The dictionary is better than the others on the shelf. ‎ 这本词典比书架上其余的好。‎ ‎ the other 两者中的“另一个”‎ ‎ He has two nephews. One is a doctor, the other is a steel worker.‎ ‎ 他有两个侄儿，一个是医生，另一个是钢铁工人。‎ ‎ another 另一个人或物 ‎ To learn is one thing, to teach is quite another.学是一回事，教是另一回事。‎ out of lacking sth.; without .缺乏；没有 词组 out of sympathy 出于同情心 out of curiosity 出于好奇心 ‎ out of sight 看不见 out of danger 脱险 ‎ out of fashion 不时兴 out of order 坏了 ‎ out of date 过时 out of work 失业 ‎ run out of money 用完钱了 outdoor adj. existing in the open air户外的 反义词：indoor outdoors adv. in the open air, out of doors 在户外 ‎ 展开 反义词：indoors 同义词：outside, in the open air over adv. ended 结束 词组 over and over (again) 一再地，反复地 all over 浑身，全部，整个 ‎ (all) over again 重新 be all over 全完了 ‎ over here 这边 over there 在那边 ‎ discuss sth. over lunch 吃午饭时商议某事 例句 We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea. 我们一边喝茶一边愉快地聊天。‎ owe vt. recognize … as the cause or source of sth.; feel gratitude in return for a service, ‎ favour etc. 把…归公于，应感谢 词组 owe sb. sth.. 欠某人某物 owe sth. to sb. …应归功于，…都亏得 展开 owner n. 物主，所有人 ownership n. 所有制 ‎ owing adj 欠着的，未付的 owing to 由于 ‎ 同义词： thanks to 由于 because of 由于 pace n. single step in walking or running; speed （一）步，步速 词组 keep pace with 跟上 pain n.. physical suffering or discomfort caused by injury or disease 疼痛，痛 词组 go to great pains to do… 努力做…，下工夫做…‎ ‎ take pains to do… 费事做…，下工夫做…‎ ‎ in pain 疼痛，痛苦 with pain 疼痛地，痛得 例句 I’m wounded and in pain. 我受伤了，很痛。‎ ‎ The boy was crying with pain after he broke his arm.男孩胳膀摔断后痛得直哭。‎ part n. some but not all of a thing or number of things; role played by an actor in a play, film, etc; piece or component of a machine 部分；角色；零件 词组 play a …part in 起…的作用 take part in 参加 ‎ part of 的一部分 parts of speech 词类 ‎ for the most part 大部分，在大多数情况下 例句 A sense of humor is part of a healthy personality. 幽默感是健康个性的一部分。‎ participate vi. take part or become involved 参加 词组 participate in 参与，参加 展开 participation n . 参与 participant n . 参加者 particular adj. relating to one person or thing; special, exceptional 特定的；特殊的 ‎ n. detail 详细情况（多用复数形式）‎ 词组 be particular about 对…挑剔 in particular 特别是，特别地 ‎ go into particulars 细谈 辨析 peculiar adj. 奇怪的，独特的 指具有一个人或一件事物所特有的、不同于同类 所有其他人或事物的特征。‎ Each person’s fingerprints are peculiar to himself. ‎ 每个人的指纹都是独一无二的．‎ particular adj. 特别的，与general 相对。强调其单一性，含有个别的意思。‎ ‎ I have nothing particular to do this afternoon.　‎ 今天下午我没有什么特别的事要做。‎ 展开 particularly adv. 特别；尤其 pass vt. give sth to sb by handing it to him; go past; achieve the required standard in a test传递；经过；通过（考试、检查等）‎ ‎ vi 经过 通行证；通过 词组 pass away 过去，去世 pass by 从旁经过；不理，回避 ‎ pass on 传递，传授 pass down 传下来 mention sth. in passing 顺带提到 例句 He passed the park. 他经过了公园。‎ ‎ It had passed through various stages of development. 它经过了发展的不同阶段。‎ The place was well guarded, and you couldn’t get in without a pass.‎ 此地严加防范，凭证进入。‎ 展开 past prep. 过；经过 ‎ adj. 以前的，过去的 ‎ n. 过去，以前 In the past two years I had seen him little.‎ 在过去两年里我很少见到他。‎ ‎ The boy rushed past us. 这男孩从我们身旁冲过去了。‎ ‎ In the past I had many jobs.过去我做过很多工作。‎ ‎ passer-by n.. （过）路人 (复数passers-by)‎ ‎ ‎ pat v.& n. (patted patted patting) tap gently, 轻拍， 轻打 ‎ 词组 pat sb. on the shoulder / back 拍某人的肩 / 背 pattern n. model, design, arrangement of lines, shapes, colours, etc 模式，图案，花样 ‎ 词组 sentence patterns 句型 pay vt. hand over the amount of sth 支付；付钱给…；给…报酬 vi. give money 付款 n money paid for regular work 工资，薪水 词组 pay the bill / doctor 付帐单/医生的费 pay a call / visit to 访问，拜访 ‎ pay attention to 注意… pay back 偿还 ‎ pay for 付…的钱 pay off 偿还掉，付掉 ‎ pay sb by the hour 计时给某人付酬 辨析 pay 普通用语，可笼统地指salary和wage 等定时领取的工资，也可指军队的 津贴。不可数名词。 ‎ His pay went up every year. ‎ ‎ salary 指脑力劳动所获得的工钱，通常按年计算。可数名词或不可数名词。‎ ‎ He is earning a pretty good salary at the bank.‎ ‎ wage 指体力劳动所获得的工钱，通常按时计算。可数名词，它的复数形式wages 后习惯谓语动词也可用单数。‎ Wages is low in this steel plant.‎ ‎ 指工资薪水多少时，这三个名词都用high和low来表示，salary还可用big, large, ‎ small来修饰。‎ Unit Seventeen peace n. state o f freedom from war or violence 和平 词组 at peace 处于和平局面，宁静 at peace with 和…和平相处，‎ make peace (with)（和…）讲和，和解 peace of mind 心理安宁 ‎ 展开 peaceful adj. 和平的，安宁的 people n. persons, nation, race人们（为复数形式，指一个人用a person）,人民，民族 例句 The Chinese people are hardworking. 中国人民勤劳。‎ The Chinese people are a hardworking one. 中华民族是勤劳的民族。‎ The Chinese are a hardworking people. 中国人是一个勤劳的民族。‎ permit vt. allow, give permission for… 允许；许可 词组 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ‎ permit doing sth. 允许做某事 例句 We’ll play football weather permitting. = We’ll play football if weather permits. ‎ 天气允许，我们将去踢足球。‎ 展开 permission. n. 允许；准许 ‎ ‎ with one’s permission 在某人的允许下 persevere vi. continue trying to do sth 坚持 辨析 persevere 表示坚持不懈、不屈不扰的努力。‎ 常见词组： persevere in sth. / doing sth. 坚持某事 / 做某事 ‎ ‎ persevere with sth. 坚持某事 persist 坚持, 一般用于行动。表示不顾困难阻碍，也可表示顽固、不听开导和 劝告。常见词组：persist in sth. / doing sth.（固执己见）坚持（做）某事 stick 坚持，不放弃 常见词组：stick to sth. 坚持某事物 insist 坚决要求，坚持认为 多用于意见、主张。 ‎ ‎ 　　　 常见词组：insist on sth. 坚持某事 ‎ ‎ insist that… 意为“坚持要求”，（从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。）‎ ‎ insist that… 意为“坚持说，坚持认为”，‎ ‎ (从句谓语动词用陈述语气。）‎ 展开 perseverance n. 毅力，坚持 ‎ ‎ persuade vt. cause sb to do sth by arguing or reasoning with 说服，劝说 词组 　　persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 persuade sb. into doing sth. 劝说某人做某事 ‎ persuade sb. out of doing 劝说某人不做某事 ‎ try to persuade sb. to do sth./ advise sb. to do sth　‎ 劝说某人做某事（指劝的动作，不指结果。）‎ 展开 persuasion n. 说服，劝说 persuasive adj. 能说服的 pick vt. pluck, gather or remove … from the place where they grow 采摘 ‎ vi. （被）采摘 词组 　　pick flowers 摘花 pick out a new dress 挑选新礼服 ‎ pick up languages （非正式地）学语言 ‎ pick me up at the hotel 用车到旅馆接我 pity n. feeling of sorrow caused by the suffering, trouble, etc of others; regret ‎ 同情；可怜；遗憾 词组 　 have / take pity on 可怜… out of pity 出于同情 ‎ It is a pity that…. …是遗憾的事 ‎ ‎ place vt. put … in a particular place 放 n. a particular area 地方 词组 in place 在本来的地方；适当的 in place of 代替 ‎ out of place 地方放得不对；不恰当 ‎ take one’s place 入座 take place 发生 ‎ take the place of 代替 plan vt. make a plan, intend; arrange 计划；安排 n. arrangement for doing or using sth 计划 词组 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 plan for 为作计划，打算 ‎ according to plan 按计划 play n. drama 剧本 ‎　　　 v. do things for pleasure ; take part in a game 玩；打（球）‎ 词组 play a part (role) in 起作用 ‎ play about / around 胡闹，胡混，轻率对待 ‎ play a trick (joke) on 耍弄，捉弄，和开玩笑… ‎ play truant 逃学 ‎ play with 玩，玩弄 展开 player n 比赛者；运动员 playground n. 操场 pleasure n. state or feeling of being happy or satisfied 愉快，高兴 词组 at one’s pleasure 随某人的意思 ‎ have the pleasure of 有幸能…，屈驾来…‎ ‎ take (a) pleasure in 喜欢（作某事），（作某事）很高兴 with pleasure 愉快地，高兴地 my /our / a pleasure 是我们高兴做的事，甭客气 辨析 pleased 高兴的，满意的（常作表语，主语为人）‎ He didn’t seem pleased with my work. 他看上去对我的工作并不满意。‎ ‎ pleasing 令人满意的，令人高兴的 （强调事物给人的感觉和印象。用于修饰人时有取乐于人的意味。）‎ ‎ The flowers in the garden are pleasing to eyes. ‎ 院子里的花令人赏心悦目。‎ ‎ He tried to be pleasing. 他尽力讨人喜欢。 ‎ ‎ pleasant 令人愉快的，舒适的 （指事物外表悦人，本质有吸引人之处，尤指风趣的事物。）‎ ‎ It is pleasant to go swimming in such fine weather.‎ ‎ 在这样的好天气去海里游泳令人愉快。‎ ‎ Our new teacher is a pleasant young man. ‎ 我们的新老师是一个和蔼可亲的年轻人。‎ 展开 please. adv. 请 vt.使高兴，使满意 plenty n. number or amount that is sufficient充足；大量 词组 in plenty 很多 辨析 plenty of + 可数名词 / 不可数名词 ‎ a lot of + 可数名词 / 不可数名词 ‎ lots of + 可数名词 / 不可数名词 ‎ a large quantity of + 可数名词 / 不可数名词 ‎ quantities of + 可数名词 ‎ a large amount of + 不可数名词 ‎ a great deal of + 不可数名词 ‎ a large number of + 可数名词 ‎ a good many + 可数名词 ‎ many a + 单数可数名词 point v. show the position or direction of …; indicate 指；指出；指明 ‎ n. dot 点；小数点 词组 point of view 观点，看法 strong / good point 优点，长处 ‎ at this point 在这个时候 be on the point of 正要（去做某事）‎ ‎ come to the point 谈正题，谈主要问题 ‎ to the point 中肯，切题 ‎ point at 指着 point to 让人注意；说明很可能会（有）‎ ‎ point out 指出 例句 There is no point in doing sth. 做某事无意义/ 没道理 ‎ ‎ polite adj. having or showing that one has good manners, refined 有礼貌的，有教养的 ‎ 词组 be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌 展开 politely adv. 有礼貌地 politeness n. 彬彬有礼，礼貌 poor adj. deserving pity or sympathy; having very little money with which to buy one’s basic needs 可怜的；贫穷的 词组 in poor health 身体不好 展开 poorly adv. 不好，贫苦 ‎ be poorly off 贫苦；缺乏 反义词：be well off 富裕 ‎ think poorly of 觉得不好 ‎ poverty n. 贫穷，穷困 popular adj. liked or enjoyed by many people 大众的；流行的 词组 be popular with 受欢迎 展开 popularity n. 出名，受大家喜爱 ‎ popularize vt. 宣传， 让大家知道 population n. total number of these 人口；人口数 例句 The population of Scotland was nearly two million.苏格兰的人口将近二百万。‎ ‎ 80% of the population in China are farmers.‎ ‎ 在中国80%人是农民。‎ position n. place where sb/ sth is 位置；方位 词组 in a position to do sth. 有权做某事，有可能做某事，有办法做某事 ‎ in position 站好位置，放好位置 ‎ out of position 地位没摆好 ‎ take up a position 选好地方站住 possibility n. state of being possible 可能（性）‎ 词组 There is a possibility of… 有…的可能性 ‎ There is no possibility that… 没有…的可能性 辨析 possible adj. “可能的”。强调客观上有可能性，但常常带有“实际可能性很小”‎ 暗示。常见词组：It is possible that …, as…as possible, if possible.‎ ‎ probable adj. “大概的，很可能的”。用来指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物。常见句型：It is probable that…‎ ‎ likely adj.& adv.,“也许的, 很可能的”。侧重“表面看来，颇有可能”。 常见句型：(sb./sth.) be likely to do , be likely of .当likely作副词用时，前面一定要加very或most.‎ power n. energy; ability to do or act ; strength 电力; 能力; 力 词组 in power 当权, 执政 come into power (开始) 当权, 执政, 上台 ‎ in one’s power to do (和all, everything等词连用)尽一切力量做…‎ 例句 He had done all in his power to make them comfortable.‎ ‎ 他尽一切力量使他们舒服。‎ 辨析 energy n. 依照物理学上是能量。如：atomic energy 原子能。用在人身上指生理上的“精力”。常见短语：full of energy.‎ ‎ strength n. 意为人的“体力”或者表示“力量”、“强度”。‎ ‎ force n. 意为“力量”、“武力”，着重“力”产生的实际效果。forces常指“军队”如：air forces（空军）。词组有：by force of circumstances 迫于环境，迫于形势; come into force 开始有效，开始执行。‎ ‎ vigor n. 意为“活力”，由生命来的力量。如：‎ Although he is now over sixty, he has not lost his youthful vigor. ‎ 尽管他现在六十多岁了，但还未失去他年轻的活力。‎ ‎ 展开 powerful adj.强有力的；大功率的 ‎ powerless adj. 无能为力的 praise vt / n. express approval or admiration for … 表扬，赞扬 词组 praise…for 为…赞扬 in praise of 赞扬…‎ ‎ sing someone’s praises (the praises of) 颂扬…‎ pray vt. make requests known; beg 祈祷；祈求 词组 pray for 为…祈祷 例句 He prayed to God that he might be forgiven. 他祈祷上帝得到原谅。‎ ‎ I pray you to think again. 我恳求你再考虑一下。‎ ‎ I pray for your good health. 我为你的健康祈祷。‎ prefer vt. choose sth rather than sth else; like sth better 宁可；更喜欢 词组 prefer sth./ doing sth. 宁愿…，更喜欢…‎ ‎ prefer to do sth 宁愿做…‎ ‎ prefer that… 宁愿（从句用虚拟语气）‎ ‎ prefer…to… 喜欢…而不喜欢…‎ ‎ prefer to do…rather than do… 宁愿做…而不愿… ‎ 展开 preference n. …偏爱，更喜欢的东西 ‎ in preference to 而不要 prepare v. get ready 准备 词组 prepare dinner 做饭 prepare for the party 为晚会作准备 ‎ be prepared for…为…作准备 例句 Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.存美好的希望做最坏的打算。‎ 展开 preparation n. 准备 ‎ in preparation 在准备中 in preparation for作…的准备 ‎ make preparations for…为…作准备 presence n. being present in a place 在场；出席 词组 in the presence of 在…的面前，当…的面 present n. gift; now; attendance 礼物；现在，目前；在场，出席 ‎ vt. give or hand over sth to sb ; supply 赠送；提供 ‎ adj. happening now; being in a place 现在的，目前的；出席的 词组 present sth. to sb. 把某物赠给某人 present sb.with sth. 赠给某人某物 ‎ the present address 现在地址 people present 在场的人们 ‎ at present 现在，此刻。这会儿 例句 They presented flowers to their teachers. 他们向老师送了花。‎ Our class presented the school with a picture. ‎ ‎ 我们班给学校赠送了一副画。‎ 展开 presently adv. 不久，即刻 ‎ presentation n. 赠送；演出 preserve vt. keep in a an unchanged or perfect condition 保护，保存（使之完好）‎ 例句 The site of the ancient city is well preserved. 古城遗址被保护得很好。‎ 辨析 reserve vt. 保留，储备 reserve a room for sb. 替某人预定房间 reserve your strength for the climb. 储备力量登山 ‎ protect vt. 保护，以避免受到伤害 ‎ ‎ 句型有： protect … 保护…‎ ‎ protect …from… 保护…使不受 prevent vt. 阻止；妨碍 ‎ 句型有：prevent sb. / sth. 防止…‎ ‎ prevent doing… 防止做…‎ ‎ prevent…from… 使…不做，阻止… 做 pretend v. make oneself appear to be …假装 词组 pretend to do… 假装做… pretend that… 假装(接从句)‎ ‎ pretend to 自称具有 例句 He pretends to great knowledge. 他自称知识渊博。‎ pride n. feeling of pleasure or satisfaction which one get from owing sth excellent; arrogance自豪；骄傲 词组 Pride comes / goes before a fall. 骄者必败。‎ ‎ take pride in 为…感到骄傲 ‎ pride (v.) oneself on / upon 为…感到骄傲 展开 proud adj. 自豪的；骄傲的 be proud of …为…感到骄傲/自豪 ‎ proudly adv. 自豪地；骄傲地 principal adj. first in rank or importance; chief, main 最重要的；主要的 ‎ ‎ e.g. principal food 主食 ‎ n. person with the highest authority in a school or college 中（或小）学的校长；（英）大学校长 辨析 principle n. 原理 ‎ in principle 原则上；按规定，按道理 ‎ on principle 出于信念，按照自己的原则 private adj. personal “私人的，私有的”与“公共的，公开的” 相对立。‎ ‎ 如：private affairs 私事, a private conversation 密谈.‎ 辨析 personal adj. “个人的,私人的”。强调个人所有，所有的 与非个人的“团体的”相对。 如: personal opinion个人观点, personal history履历。‎ Individual adj. “个人的，个体的”，相对“集体的”。如：give individual attention给予个别注意, individual economy 个体经济。 ‎ privacy n. 隐私；秘密 problem n. question 问题，习题 指客观上存在的等待解决的问题，尤指棘手的难题以及数理等学科上的问题，强调其困难性。它往往和动词discuss, solve, work out 等一起使用。‎ ‎ The young workers and engineers often discuss technical problems in the ‎ workshop. 年青工人和工程师经常在车间讨论技术问题。（指客观存在的技术问题。）‎ 辨析 question n. 问题 通常指人们主观上产生的、需要考虑、回答和说明的问题。‎ 它往往和动词ask, answer, reply to等一起使用。‎ ‎ The question is when we shall go outing. ‎ 问题是我们什么时候去交游。（指主观上产生的问题。）‎ ‎ vt. 询问；审问 ‎ ‎ progress n. forward or onward movement 进步；进展 ‎ 词组 make progress with 在…方面取得进展 ‎ in progress 在进行中，在举行 展开 同义词 under way 在进行，在举行 ‎ under construction （正在）修建 ‎ progressive adj. 进步的，前进的 prohibit vt. forbid ; prevent 禁止；阻止 词组 prohibit sth. 禁止…‎ ‎ prohibit sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 promise v. make a promise 允诺 ‎ n. written or spoken declaration that one will do or not do 允诺，诺言 辨析 seem 据实表判断 ‎ look 论事凭感官 ‎ appear 中有假象 ‎ promise 多乐观 说明： seem作“看起来（好象）……”解，表示有一定根据，看起来接近实际的判断。如：He seems （to be） quite old.他看起来很老。（可能他的确很老。）look表示视觉印象。如：He looks quite old.他看起来(好象)很老。appear讲的只是外观、表象。如：He appears （to be）quite old.他显得很老。（实际情况不一定如此）promise则表示“给人以……的指望，有……的可能”，多指好的意思。‎ 如：It promises to be fine tomorrow. 明天可望转晴。 ‎ ‎ A timely snow promises a good harvest.瑞雪兆丰年。‎ 展开 promising adj. 有希望的,有前途的 propose vt. suggest, put forward 提议，建议 词组 propose to do …/doing…建议做… propose sth. 建议做某事 ‎ propose that sb. (should) do …建议某人做某事 展开 proposal n. 提议，建议 protest n. v. express strong disagreement 抗议， 反对 词组 protest about / against / at… . 对…抗议， 反对 prove vt. show sth is true or certain 证明；证实 ‎ vi. turn out to be sth 证明是；结果是 例句 link-v. 证明是；后来事实表明是 ‎ The article has proved most useful. 这篇文章证明是很有用的。‎ ‎ He proved (to be) a very good friend. 后来证明他是个非常的朋友。‎ provide vt. offer, present; make sth available for sb to use 供给；提供 词组 provide sb. with sth. 供给某人某物 ‎ provide sth. for sb. 把某物供给某人 ‎ providing /provided (that) conj. 如果…的话，只要 例句 We’ll visit Europe next year, provided (providing that) we have the money. ‎ 如果有钱的话，明年我们去欧洲。‎ public adj. of or concerning people in general 公众的，公共的 词组 public school 公学 public conveniences 公共厕所 ‎ public servant 公仆，公务员 make public 公开，公布 ‎ in public 公开，在公众面前 punish v. hurt , imprison, fine sb. for wrongdoing 惩罚，处罚 词组 punish sb. for sth. 惩罚某人某事 展开 punishment n. 惩罚，惩处 purpose n. intention; the thing that one intends to do 目的；意图 词组 on purpose 有意地，故意地，特意 for …purpose 为了…目的 ‎ serve ( answer) a (the) purpose 达到…目的，起到…作用 展开 purposeful adj. 有目的的，坚决的 ‎ purposefully adv. 有目的地 ‎ purposely adv. 故意地，有意地，特意 puzzle vt. make (sb.) think hard 使迷惑 ‎ n. question that is difficult to understand or answer; mystery 难题；令人费解的事 例句 His face wore a puzzled expression. 他的脸上现出了困惑的表情。‎ ‎ I find this affair very puzzling. 我发现这事令人费解。‎ qualify vt. have or give (sb.) the qualities, training, etc that are necessary or suitable ‎ ‎(使)具有资格, (使)胜任 ‎ ‎ vi. have qualities 有资格, 胜任 词组 qualify…to do… (使)…具有资格做…‎ ‎ qualify …as… 作为…胜任…‎ ‎ qualify …for… 胜任…‎ 展开 qualified adj. 合格的;胜任的 ‎ qualification n. 资格; 资格(证明); 条件 quarrel vi. n. angry argument or disagreement 争吵 词组 quarrel with sb. about sth. 和某人争吵某事 展开 quarrelsome adj. 爱吵架的 quite adj. completely, entirely 很，十分 ‎ 辨析 quite 当它与没有程度差别、或具有强烈感情色彩的形容词、副词及动词，‎ 如alone, certain, correct, dead, empty, enough, full, horrible, impossible, mistaken,perfect,agree,realize,satisfy,understand,know等连用时，表示“完全，十分”。‎ His French is quite perfect. 他的法语好极了。‎ ‎ This job is quite impossible. 这工作完全没法干。‎ ‎ 当它与有程度差别的形容词、副词或动词，如cold, good, well, nice, old, pretty, polite, rich, warm, young, like等连用时，表示“相当，还算，或多或少地”，含有不完全的意味。‎ He speaks English quite well. 他英语讲得满不错。‎ ‎ This lady is quite pretty. 这女士颇有几分姿色。‎ 它可和动词连用。 e.g. I don’t quite follow you. 我不大懂你的话。‎ 当它修饰名词时，放在不定冠词前。‎ That was quite an accident. 那是一次不太寻常的事故。‎ 当名词前有形容词时，quite可放在不定冠词后，也可放在不定冠词前。‎ They had a quite good time. 也可说 quite a good time.‎ ‎ rather 主要用于修饰贬义的形容词和副词。如rather poor / bad / stupid / ugly。rather 可与too 及辨析级连用。‎ My mother is rather better today. 我母亲今天好多了。‎ ‎ The book is rather too difficult for the juniors and rather too easy for ‎ the seniors. 这本书对低年级学生来说未免太难，对高年级学生来说又嫌太容易。‎ 它可和动词连用。 I rather like her. 我相当喜欢她。‎ 当它修饰名词时，放在不定冠词前。 It’s rather a pity. 这真是相当遗憾。‎ 当名词前有形容词时，它可放在不定冠词后，也可放在不定冠词前。‎ ‎ It is a rather cold day . 也可说 rather a cold day .‎ Fairly 主要用于修饰褒义的形容词和副词.如fairly clever/good/ well/ bravely。‎ ‎ 修饰名词时，放在不定冠词后，如 a fairly good student。‎ much 修饰动词。 I told her that didn’t matter much. 我告诉她那事不很重要。‎ 可与too 及辨析级连用。Much too修饰形容词和副词。‎ I’m afraid my husband is much too busy to see visitors. ‎ ‎ 恐怕我丈夫太忙不能接待来客。‎ It was much worse than I thought. 这比我想的要糟糕的多。‎ too much修饰不可数名词，如too much work 。 too many修饰可数名词，‎ 如 too many books 。 much more接不可数名词，如much more rice 。 ‎ many more接可数名词，如many more students 。‎ very 表示“很，非常”，指达到了很高的程度，有绝对的含义。它可修饰形容词和副 词，但不能直接修饰动词。‎ He struck the table very angrily. 他非常气愤地猛敲桌子。‎ raise vt. lift , cause to rise; grow, bring up or breed, collect 举起; 使升高; 种植, 喂养; 筹集 词组 raise your hands 举手 raise oil price 提高油价 ‎ raise a question 提出问题 raise money 筹集钱 ‎ raise a family / chickens 养家 / 鸡 raise corn 种植玉米 ‎ raise monuments to soldiers 修建士兵纪念碑 辨析 rise vi. come or go upwards 上升、升高、上涨。‎ ‎ His voice rose in excitement. 他兴奋地提高了声音。 ‎ range vi. vary or extend between specified limits (在某范围内)变动,变化 ‎ n. connected line or row of mountains, hill; extent 山脉;范围 词组 a wide range of goods 各种各样的货物 ‎ a large range of products 许多可选的产品 ‎ range from …to (between) 从…到…不等 ‎ rank vt. grade sb/sth according to quality, achievement 把…分等 ‎ n. position, grade in the armed forces 地位;军衔 词组 rank third 排明第三 ‎ of (the) first rank 头等的,一流的 ‎ rank among (with) 属于…之列,列在…当中 ‎ rank as 可算作,把…看作 rare adj. not often seen, unusual 稀有的，难得的，不常见的 可用于指人或事物，当指贵重东西时，侧重其价值。‎ 例句 Gold is a rare metal. 金子是一种稀有金属。‎ 辨析 scare 表示“稀少的，缺乏的”，含有过去充足，现在却缺乏的意思，但不一定是贵 重的东西。它一般用于事物，并强调这种缺乏可能产生不利的影响。‎ The bird has become scarce in this country. 这个国家的这种鸟变得稀少了。‎ Unit Eighteen ‎ ‎ ‎ reach vt. get o r arrive at 抵达,到达 ‎ vi. go as far as; stretch out and take sth达到;延伸;伸手拿 词组 reach one’s hand for the book. 伸手拿书 ‎ reach for 伸手拿 ‎ beyond the reach of 无法达到 / 得到 / 理解等 ‎ out of reach 无法拿到 / 抓到 ‎ within reach of 能得到 / 到达 / 拿到 ‎ reach a decision 作出决定 ‎ reach a conclusion 得出结论 real adj. actual or true 真的,真正的 指客观存在的，而不是想象的或幻觉的东西 例句 The jacket is made of real leather. 这件甲克衫是用真皮缝制的。‎ 辨析 true adj. 正确的，真实的 指与事实和实际情况相符，是合乎道理的，而不是杜撰的与错误的 ‎ What he said was true. 他说的是真的。‎ 展开 realistic adj. 现实的;逼真的 ‎ really adj. 确实; 真实地 ‎ reality n. 现实;真实 ‎ in reality = in fact = as a matter of fact = actually 事实上 reason n. cause of 理由;原因 指说明一种看法或行为的理由，它往往是通过逻辑推理而得出的。‎ 词组 for this / that reason 为此 beyond reason 没道理 ‎ in reason 有道理(地) out of reason 不合理 listen to reason 讲道理, 听劝告 例句 Give me your reason for doing so. 告诉我你那样做的理由。‎ 辨析 cause 原因 指造成一种事实或现象的原因，尤指自然原因或客观原因。‎ ‎ The continuous heavy rain is the cause of the flood. ‎ 连续不断的大雨造成了洪水的爆发。‎ 展开 reasonable adj. 合理的;公道的 reduce vt. make sth smaller 减少;缩小 词组 reduce … to… 使陷入不良境遇, 落到某种境地 ‎ reduce to order 使恢复秩序，整顿，整理好 ‎ reduce to silence 使安静下来，使沉没下来 reduce to tears 使哭了起来 reduce the price by 10% 价格减少10%‎ 例句 Poverty reduced him to begging for a living.‎ ‎ 贫穷使他落到了乞讨谋生的地步。‎ refer vi. (referred referred referring) mention; speak of 提到；参考 ‎ 词组 refer to 查阅，指的是，提到，谈起 ‎ refer to …as 把…称作 ‎ reference n. 参考；查阅 refuse vt. say no 拒绝；拒不 语气坚决，指坚决果断地拒绝某种行为；尤指拒绝对希望得到的东西。常接动词不定式或动名词作宾语，不能接动名词及从句。‎ 例句 She never refused to help those in need. 她从不拒绝帮助有困难的人。‎ ‎ The cinema refused admission to children under three. ‎ ‎ 电影院不准3 岁以下的儿童入内。 ‎ 辨析 reject 拒绝，抵制， 摒弃 指因为认为无价值或不合适而排斥或抛弃在这组词 中，它拒绝的意味最强。它后只能接名词类的词作宾语，不能接不定式。‎ ‎ The chairman rejected the proposal. 主席拒绝了那项提议。‎ ‎ If you are left-handed, you don’t have to feel lonely or rejected.‎ ‎ 如果你是左撇子，你也不必感到孤独或觉得受到排斥。‎ ‎ decline 婉言拒绝，谢绝 指有礼貌地拒绝他人的邀请、帮助、金钱等。它可作及 物动词和不及物动词，后接名词、动名词或不定式作宾语，它不能以人 作宾语。‎ ‎ I declined to stay for dinner. 我谢绝了留下来吃晚饭。‎ ‎ ‎ regard vt. treat ; think of … as, consider 看待；把…看作为，看待 ‎ n.. (regards) kind wishes; greeting 问侯；致意 词组 regard …as… 认为…是…‎ ‎ in (with) regard to 关于…，至于…，对于…‎ ‎ give (send) one’s (kind /best) regards to 向…问好 ‎ with kind regards to （写在信末）请向…问好 展开 regarding prep.关于 ‎ He spoke to me regarding his future.他向我讲了有关他的将来。‎ ‎ regardless adj. 不留心的，不注意的，不关心的 ‎ adv. 不顾一切地；不管怎样地；无论如何 ‎ regardless of 不管…如何；不顾…‎ ‎ regardless of the consequences 不顾后果 regret vt. , n. feel sorrow, feeling of sadness 遗憾 feel regret 感到遗憾 ‎ 词组 regret to do… 遗憾要做… ‎ regret doing… 后悔做了…‎ much / greatly to my regret 深感遗憾，非常抱歉 regular adj. happening repeatedly at times 常规的；固定的；定时的；有规律的 ‎ ‎ 强调按一定的规律定期发生。‎ 例句 They have a regular meeting every two weeks. 他们每两周开一次例会。‎ 辨析 normal adj. 正常的，规范的 强调符合某标准或一般常规。‎ The normal temperature of human body is ‎37°C. 人体正常体温为‎37°C。‎ usual adj. 通常的，惯常的 强调遵循常规，一贯如此。‎ He arrived later than usual. 他到得比平常晚。‎ 展开 regularly adv. 经常地，定时地，正常地 regulation n. 规则 relate vt. give an account of ; be connected with 叙述，讲；使互有关联 词组 be related to 和…有联系，和…有关； 有亲属关系 be associated with 把…和…联系起来，和…发生联系 展开 related adj. 有关的，相关的 ‎ relation n. 关系，亲戚 ‎ relative n. 亲属，亲戚 ‎ relatively adv. 相对而言 ‎ relativity n. 相对论 relax v. become less tight使放松,松弛(指紧张之余的放松或轻松;也指松懈努力或纪律等。)‎ 例句 In no case are you to relax your efforts. 无论如何你都不能放松努力。‎ 辨析 relieve 减轻 指缓解痛苦、忧愁，释去负担，缓和危机等。‎ 以人作宾语，意为“使放心”。‎ I was relieved to hear they had arrived safe. 听到他们平安抵达我就放心了。‎ rely vi. count or depend on 依靠 词组 rely on … 依靠…，指望…‎ ‎ rely on sb. to do … 依靠某人做某事 ‎ rely on sb. for sth. 指望某人做某事 remain vi. be left, continue to be 留下；仍然是；继续 ‎ 例句 She remained at home to look after the children when her husband went out. ‎ 丈夫外出时，她留在家里照顾孩子。‎ ‎ Despite the danger, she remained clam. 尽管危险，她仍然镇定自若。‎ ‎ His story remains to be proved. 他讲的事情有待证实。‎ ‎ （强调别人离去后或东西撤走后仍然留下或存在。可接不定式构成复合谓 语，意为“留待”，“尚待”。）‎ 辨析 stay 暂住，逗留； 一直保持（持续的状态）。‎ ‎ How long will you be staying in Hong Kong? 你要在香港呆多久？‎ ‎ I stayed awake the whole night. 我整夜没睡着。‎ 展开 remaining adj. 剩下的 ‎ remainder n. 剩下的人 remarkable adj. worth noticing; exceptional 显著的；非凡的 词组 be remarkable for 因…而引人注意，（某一点）很突出 展开 remarkably adv. 相当地，非凡地 remember v. have or keep in the memory 记得； 记住 词组 remember to do … 记住要做…‎ ‎ remember doing … 记住做了…‎ ‎ remember …as… 记得…是…‎ ‎ remember sb. to … 向…问好 remind vt. inform; cause to remember 提醒；使想起 词组 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某物 ‎ remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 展开 reminder n. 起提醒作用的事物 repair vt. restore to good condition 修理 n. restoring or being to good condition 修补 ‎ 词组 under repair 正在修理 beyond repair 无法修理 out of repair 坏了（处于不能修理状态）‎ replace vt. take the place of 取代 例句 I’ll replace my sister to take care of our sick mother today.‎ ‎ 今天我来代替姐姐照顾生病的母亲。‎ 辨析 substitute v. 用…替代 ‎ substitute …for…‎ ‎ We’ll substitute bread for rice. 我们用面包代替米饭。‎ reply v. , n. make an answer; respond 回答；答复 词组 reply to… 对…作出回答/反映 in reply to 回复，答复 require vt. demand 要求，需求 指依照权利或规章、规定、要求。‎ 例句 常见句型有：require sth. 要求某事 require sth. of sb. 要求某人某事 ‎ require sb. to do … 要求某人做…‎ require that sb. (should) do sth　　要求某人做…‎ ‎(sth.) require doing …/ to be done .（某物）需要做 辨析 request vt. 请求， 表示有礼貌、客气的请求。‎ 常见句型有：request sth. from / of sb. 要求某人某事 request sb. to do… 要求某人做某事 request that sb. (should) do …要求某人做 …‎ demand vt. 要求 表示强烈要求，不容否定。‎ ‎ 常见句型有：demand sth. 要求某事 ‎ demand to do sth. 要求某人做某事 ‎ demand that sb. (should) do… 要求某人做…‎ rescue vt. , n. save or bring away sb/ sth from danger 营救 词组 rescue sb. 营救某人 come / go to someone’s rescue 来 / 去营救某人 resist vt. prevent or oppose; succeed in not yielding to 抵抗；忍住，按捺 vi. regard sth. unfavorably 抵抗 ‎ 词组 resist temptation 抵制诱惑 展开 resistant adj. 有抵抗能力的 be resistant to water 防水 ‎ resistance n. 抵抗，反抗 resolution n. determination, decision 决心 ‎ 例句 He made a New Year’s resolution to give up smoking. 他新年下定决心要戒烟。‎ resolve v. decide firmly ; solve 决心， 决意；解决；解除 词组 resolve on / upon / against sth. / doing sth 决心， 决定…‎ resource n. supply of raw materials 资源 通常用复数形式 例句 The natural resources in the world are getting fewer and fewer.‎ ‎ 世界上的自然资源越来越少了。‎ 辨析 source 来源；出处；水源 Dose the information come from a reliable source?‎ ‎ 这消息来源可靠吗？‎ respect n. politeness , consideration ; aspect 尊重；重视；方面 vt. show consideration; admire 尊重；尊敬 词组 respect oneself 有自尊心；自重 辨析 respectful adj. 尊敬的；恭敬的 ‎ be respectful to sb. 向某人表示敬意 展开 respectable adj. 受人尊敬的；受到尊重的；正派的 ‎ respected adj. 受到尊重的 ‎ respective adj. 各自的 responsible adj. accountable 负责任的 ‎ 词组 be responsible for … 对…负责 展开 responsibility n. 责任 restrict vt. put a limit 限制；约束 ‎ 词组 restrict to 仅限于；限制在…‎ ‎ be restricted to… 限于…‎ 例句 Restrict your story to the fact. 实事求是地说。‎ 展开 restriction n. 限制 result v. n. effect or outcome, 结果，成果，后果 词组 as a result 作为结果，因此 ‎ as a result of 由于…的结果 ‎ result from 由…造成，因…而产生 result in 引起…结果，结果…‎ return vi. come or go back 回；返回 vt. bring, give , put or send sth back 放回；归还；报答；答谢 n. coming or going back; reward 返回；回报 词组 return to normal 恢复正常 in return 作为报答，回过来 in return for 以答谢 reward n. , vt. recompense ; give a reward to 报答；奖赏 ‎ 词组 reward sb. with sth. 奖赏某人某物 reward sth. 报答…‎ 辨析 award vt. 授予，颁发 award sb. sth. 授予某人…‎ ‎ award sth. to sb. 授予某人…‎ ‎ 当作为名词时，award常指竞赛中获胜而得到的奖品，如证书、奖章、奖金等，‎ 而reward 则指做了某件好事或工作出色所得到的报答或报酬。‎ He won an award for his design. 他因设计获奖。‎ ‎ The owner gave a reward to the boy who found her dog. ‎ 主人奖赏了找到她的狗的男孩。‎ risk n. possibility of meeting danger or suffering harm, loss etc 危险；风险 vt. expose ( one’s life/ property, etc) to danger使（生命、财产等）遭受危险；‎ 冒…的危险 词组 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 ‎ ‎ at the risk of … 冒…的危险 run the risk of … 冒…的危险 take the risk of … 冒…的危险 rob v. take property illegally 抢劫 词组 rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 辨析 steal sth. from sb. 偷某人某物 展开 robber n.. 抢劫 robbery n. 强盗 rule n. statement of what can, should, must be done in certain circumstances 规章 词组 make it a rule 定位规律，经常总是 ‎ as a rule 一般来说，通常 run vi. move at a speed faster than a walk 跑，奔 vt. cause to go faster than walking, operate ; manage ‎ 使跑；使奔；在……上跑；经营；管理 词组 run after 追赶；追捕；跟踪 run into 无意间碰到，和…相撞 run across 无意间碰到 run away from… 从…跑掉 run away with… 偷了…跑掉；私奔 run for 竞选 run errands 跑腿 run out （某物）用完 run out of … 　用完… run over 碾压 run short （某物）快用完了 run short of … 缺… ‎ safe adj. protected from danger and harm; secure; cautious安全的；平安的；谨慎的 词组 safe and sound 平安无事 展开 safety n. 平安；安全 sake n. because of; benefit 缘故；利益 词组 for one’s own sake 为了自己的利益。‎ ‎ for the sake of 由于…的缘故，为了…‎ satisfy vt. give what he wants, demands or needs; make contented 使满意；满足 词组 be satisfied with … 对…（感到）满意 展开 satisfaction n. 满意 satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 save vt. make or keep safe; avoid wasting; keep (money) for future use搭救；节省；储蓄 词组 save sb. from … 把某人从…中救出 ‎ save (prep.=except) that 只是 例句 We have no news save that the ship reached the port safely. ‎ 除了知道船安全抵港，我们没有任何消息。‎ 展开 saving adj. 节省的；节约的 n. 救助；节省；[~s]储蓄(金)；存款 scene n. view; place represented on the stage of a theatre; spot 景色；布景；场景；地点；‎ 现场 指某一具体风景，是可数名词，也可表示场景、出事地点 词组 on the scene 在现场 辨析 scenery 是“风景，景色”的总称，不可数名词，尤指自然景观 ‎ natural scenery 自然风景 ‎ view 景观；景色；看法；观点 ‎ point of view 观点，看法 ‎ in view of 鉴于 ‎ sight 风景，尤指某一特定景色，也可指视力，视域 ‎ at first sight 乍一看 ‎ at (the) sight of 一看见 ‎ in sight / within sight 被看到 ‎ out of sight 在视程之外 ‎ ‎ have / get / catch sight of 看到 ‎ lose sight of 不再看见 scold v. express anger, criticism 责备；训斥 词组 scold sb. for sth. 为某事训斥某人 score n. number of points, goals, marks; set or group of twenty ‎ （比赛中）得分，分数；（测验中）成绩；（单复同）二十个 vt. gain points 得（分）‎ vi. gain marks 得分 词组 a score (of) people 二十个人 ‎ scores of people 许多人 ‎ scratch vt. make (sth) by scratching; make a shallow wound in (the skin) in this way 抓；划伤 词组 scratch / strike a match 划火柴 search n. act of searching 搜寻 vt. empty the pockets of sb and examine his body and clothes to see if anything ‎ is connected there 搜查 vi. look for 搜寻 辨析 search sb. / sth. 搜身；搜查 search for… 找寻…‎ in search of 找寻 secure adj. not feeling worry, doubt ;safe ,firmly fixed 安全的；安心的； 牢固的 词组 feel secure about one’s future 对自己的前途无忧无虑 see v. be aware of by using the eyes看见 词组 I see. 我明白了 see …off 为…送行 see through 看穿 see to 注意 see you 再见 see to it (that) 负责做到，设法做到，注意做到…‎ senior adj. older; higher in rank, authority 年长的；地位或级别较高的 词组 A is senior to B. A比B年长。‎ sense n. any of the five powers of the body; consciousness of sth 感觉器官; 觉察 vt. feel; become aware of 觉得；意识到 词组 a sense of humor 幽默感 common sense 常识 make sense 讲得通，有意义，能被理解 例句 There is no sense in doing sth. 作某事没道理 展开 sensible adj. 明智的；合情合理的 ‎ sensitive adj. 敏感的 serve vt. work for …( as a servant) 为……服务 vi. work, be suitable 有用，起作用 例句 A single example will serve to illustrate the point. ‎ 将用一个例子来阐述这个观点。‎ 词组 serve as 担任，作…用 set vt. put; adjust; fix 放；设置；安置 vi. (the sun, the moon etc) go down; sink（日月等）落，下沉 词组 set about doing… 着手做某事 ‎ set out to do… 着手做某事 ‎ set to do… 着手做某事 ‎ set aside 留出；拔出；把……搁置 ‎ set off 出发；启程；着手（做某事）‎ ‎ set out 出发；开始 ‎ set up 竖立；建立；设立；提出 ‎ set an example 树立榜样 set fire on… 使…着火 set a world record 创世界记录 ‎ ‎ Unit Nineteen ‎ settle vi. make one’s home in a place定居 ‎ vt. cause to make one’s home in a place; deal with, solve使定居；解决 词组 settle down 定居下来，安静下来 展开 settler n. 移居者 settlement n. 定居，解决 several adj. some, but fewer than many 几个；若干 词组 several hundred people 几百人 shade n. comparative darkness and often coolness caused by sth blocking direct or heat ‎ 荫；阴凉处 指阳光直射不到的阴凉之处 展开 Let’s sit in the shade of the tree to take a rest. ‎ ‎ 让我们坐在树阴下休息一会儿吧。‎ 辨析 shadow n. 影子 ‎ With the rising of the sun you will find your shadow gets shorter and shorter.‎ ‎ 随着太阳的升起你会发现你的身影越来越短。‎ shake vt. sway; 握（手）；摇（头等），摇动 vi. tremble; shock 摇动；震动 词组 shake sb. by the hand 和某人握手 ‎ shake hands with sb. 和某人握手 share vt. have or use (sth) with others; have (sth) in common 共有；分享 词组 share sth. with … 与…合用 ‎ share in the fun 分享快乐 sharp adj. having a fine edge or point; changing direction suddenly 锋利的；急转向的 adv. punctually （某时）整 ‎ 词组 a sharp turn 急转弯 a sharp contrast 鲜明对照 ‎ at eleven sharp 十一点整 ‎ 展开 sharpen vt. 削尖，磨快 ‎ ‎ shoot vt. fire 射击 （ shot shot shooting ）‎ 词组 shoot … 开枪打中…‎ ‎ shoot at … 向…开枪 展开 shot n. 射击 short adj. measuring little from one end to the other, below the average height ‎ 短的，矮的短小的东西；（shorts）宽松运动短裤 词组 in short 总之 be short of 缺乏 展开 shortage n. 不足，缺少 ‎ shorten v. 改短；缩短 ‎ shortly adv 不久，立即 shortly after 不久之后 shout v. speak or call out in a loud voice 呼喊，叫喊 词组 shout at 冲着…叫嚷，喊骂 shout to 对…高声叫 例句 Be polite! Don’t shout at me. 礼貌点，不要吼我。‎ ‎ He shouted to me to attract attention 他对我大声叫想引起注意。‎ sick adj. physically or mentally unwell, ill 有病的；作呕，恶心 词组 a sick man 一个病人 ‎ ask for a sick leave 请病假 ‎ feel sick 觉得恶心 ‎ be sick of sb./ sth./ doing sth. 厌倦某人 / 某事 / 做某事 ‎ (= be bored with, be tired of, be fed up with )‎ 辨析 sick 表示生病时，可做表语和定语 ‎ ill 表示生病时，只可做表语；‎ ‎ a sick man 或 The man is sick / ill.‎ ‎ 但当 ill 意为“坏的，不利的”时， 可做定语。 如 ‎ speak ill words of sb 说某人坏话 ‎ ill luck 恶运 ‎ 比较下面句子：‎ ‎ He is a sick man 他是个病人。‎ ‎ He is an ill man. 他是个邪恶的人。‎ 展开 sickness n. 患病， 疾病 sight n. ability to see, vision; ability to see; range within which one can see or something ‎ can be seen 视域；景象；视力；望见 词组 at first sight 乍一看 ‎ in sight / out of sight 在视野内 / 在看不见的地方 ‎ catch sight of 一眼看见 ‎ at the sight of 看到 ‎ to show somebody the sights 带某人游览名胜（sights意为风景,名胜）‎ 例句 As soon as Kate got off the bus, she caught sight of her mother in the crowd.‎ ‎ 一下车,凯特就一眼在人群中瞧见她母亲.‎ At the sight of blood, Mary felt sick. 玛丽看到血就晕.‎ The sunset was a beautiful sight. 日落是很美的景象.(sight 可数表景象,奇观)‎ 展开 sightseeing n. 观光,游览 nearsighted 近视的 ‎ sign n. mark, symbol, etc used to represent something招牌, 标记 gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc. used to give information, a command, etc手势 ‎ vt. Write one’s name on ( a document,etc) 签(名)‎ 词组 sign language 手势语 ‎ traffic sign 交通路标 ‎ a road sign 路标 ‎ a sign of / no sign(s) of 有…迹象 / 没有…的迹象 ‎ sign one’s name 签名 ‎ sign in / sign out 签到 / 签名登记离开 ‎ sign with 签约 ‎ sign up for 报名参加 例句 The sign on the wall reads “No smoking!” 墙上的牌子上写着”禁止吸烟!”‎ ‎ The policeman sighed us to stop . 警察示意我们停下。‎ ‎ 展开 signal n. 信号 vt. 向…发信号, 用信号发出 vi. 发信号 ‎ signature n. 签名 ‎ ‎ silly adj. foolish, not showing thought or understanding 愚蠢的 词组 silly billy 傻瓜,笨蛋 辨析 silly foolish stupid ‎ 共同点: 都有蠢,笨的意思.‎ ‎ 不同点: foolish 愚蠢的,可以指人,也可以指行为,一般是因为缺乏常识或判断能力而造成 ‎ Jack is such a foolish man that he throw away the good chance.‎ ‎ 杰克丢掉这个好机会真蠢。‎ silly 多用于口语,比foolish 语气要重,指极端和明显的愚蠢;但有 ‎ 时也可以是傻气,憨,不懂事之意.‎ ‎ Don’t be silly! 别这么傻!‎ ‎ Of course I won’t leave you alone, you silly! ‎ 当然我不会把你单独留下,你这个小傻瓜!‎ stupid 常指由于智力低下或其他原因而引起的迟钝,蠢笨,往往还 有呆滞麻木的含义,具有较强的贬义,有时也可指其他事物,有无聊,乏味之意.‎ ‎ This is a stupid book. 这本书很无聊。‎ ‎ What a stupid thing to do!这事做得多愚蠢啊!‎ similar adj. resemble somebody or something but not the same , alike 相像的,类似的 词组 be similar to 与…相似 ‎ be similar in 在…方面相似 例句 Your overcoat is similar to mine in colour. 你的外套和我的外套颜色相似。‎ 辨析 similar same ‎ similar 强调相似 same 强调相同的,同一的 ‎ ‎ They are similar triangles. 它们是相似三角形。‎ ‎ This triangle is the same as that one. 这只三角形等于那只三角形。‎ ‎ The two boxes are of a similar size. 这两只箱子大小差下多。‎ ‎ The two boxes are of the same size. 这两只箱子大小一样。‎ ‎ 展开 similarity n. 相似,类似 similarly ad.相似地,类似地 ‎ sit vi. be in a position in which the body is upright and resting on the buttocks, either on a seat or on the ground 坐 ‎ 词组 sit down 坐下 sit up 坐起来; 熬夜(= stay up )‎ sit at the table 坐在桌边 ‎ ‎ 辨析 sit seat ‎ sit 为 vi. seat 为 vt. 或 n. ‎ ‎ seat n. 座位 ‎ vt. 使坐下;容纳 ‎ Jane went into the room and seated herself on the sofa.‎ ‎ 简走进房间坐在沙发上.‎ ‎ When I looked around, I found Tom seated / sitting in the corner.‎ ‎ 当我回过头时,我发现汤姆坐在角落里.‎ ‎ The newly built gym can seat more than 80,000 people.‎ ‎ 新造的体育馆能容纳8万多人.‎ ‎ “It’s kind of you to give your seat to me, boy” said the old lady.‎ ‎ 老太太说:”孩子, 你把位子让给我真太好 .”‎ situation n. set of circumstances or state of affairs, especially at a certain time 情况, 处境, ‎ 场面, 形势 词组 situation comedy 情景喜剧 ‎ an emergency situation 紧急情况 ‎ the international situation 国际形势 辨析 condition situation state ‎ condition : 意为”状况,状态”时, 多为[u].‎ ‎ be in good / poor condition 处于好/ 坏的状况 Astronauts should get used to the condition of weightlessness.‎ ‎ 宇航员应该习惯失重的状态 ‎ 意为”情况, 环境”时, 多作复数 ‎ At that time, the workers had to work under very poor working conditions. 那时工人们只得在非常恶劣的工作环境下作业.‎ ‎ Situation 状态, 境遇. 多指危及存亡等的状态或事态.‎ ‎ The situation became tense. 局势变得紧张起来 ‎ state 情况, 状态, 状况. 普通用语, 例如说人,心,健康, 家庭, 道路, ‎ ‎ 社会等的情况.‎ ‎ She is in an advancing state of health. 她的健康状况在好转.‎ ‎ ‎ skill n. ability to do something well ; particular type of skill 技能,技巧, 熟练 词组 have skill in 在…方面有技能 辨析 skill knack ‎ knack 技巧, 诀窍 一般只使用单数形式 ‎ ‎ have a knack for / of doing something 有做某事的诀窍 ‎ skill 有单复数之分 ‎ Reading and writing are two different skills.‎ 阅读和写作是两种不同技能。(skill 表具体内容,用复数)‎ ‎ He is a worker of great skill. 他是有良好技能的工人。‎ ‎ ‎ 展开 skilled a. 熟练的, 有技能的 ‎ My father is a skilled worker. 我父亲是个熟练工人。‎ ‎ ‎ skim vt. Read something through, noting only the main points 浏览; 略读 辨析 skim scan skip ‎ skim 意为略读, 快读, 以获取文章或段落主旨. 常与 over, through 连用.‎ ‎ Scan 意多粗略地看, 扫视, 以获取想要搜索的信息 ‎ Skip 意为跳过, 故意略去 ‎ When skimming, we go through the reading material quickly in order to get the main idea of it. 略读时, 我们快速看一遍材料来获取主要意思。‎ ‎ When scanning, we only try to locate specific information .‎ ‎ 扫视地看时, 我们只要找到特定的信息就行了。‎ ‎ Skipping breakfast is bad for your health.不吃早饭不利身体健康。‎ sleep v. be in a state of sleep; be asleep睡 ‎ n. condition that occurs regularly in humans and animals, esp. at night, in which the eyesore closed and the muscles, nervous system, etc are relaxed 睡眠 词组 sound sleep 熟睡 （n.）‎ ‎ sleep like a log / top 睡得很熟( v.)‎ ‎ sleep on one’s back 仰睡 (v.)‎ 辨析 go to bed 去睡觉，指想睡觉到躺到床上。‎ ‎ go to sleep 入睡，指上床躺下后到睡着。‎ ‎ fall asleep 倒头睡着，强调动作。‎ ‎ be asleep 睡着，强调睡着的状态 ‎ be sleepy 困的，想睡觉的 展开 sleepy a. 要睡的，困倦的 slight a. not serious or important, small ; not thick or strong 细小的, 少量的, 瘦弱的 词组 a slight cold 有点感冒 not in the slightest 一点也不 例句 He is too slight to lift the heavy box. 他太瘦弱不能拎这只重的盒子.‎ 展开 slightly ad. (无比较等级) 稍微, 些许 ‎ know somebody slightly 略微了解某人 ‎ Increase slightly 略微增长 so ad. to such an extent; in this or that way 这么, 那么, 如此 词组 or so 大约 ( = about )‎ ‎ so as to 为了 ( =in order to )‎ ‎ so… as to 劳驾；如此。。。以致于 ‎ so that 为的是, 使得; 以致, 结果是 ‎ so … that 如此… 以致 ‎ so-called 所谓的 ‎ so far 目前为止 ‎ and so on /and so forth 等等 ‎ so long 再见 ‎ so long as 只要 例句 Would you be so kind as to type the letter for me?‎ ‎ 劳驾你帮我打印一下信好吗?‎ ‎ He was so excited as to be unable to speak.‎ ‎ 他激动得话也说不出。‎ ‎ I got up early this morning so that I could catch the early bus.‎ ‎ 今天早晨我起了个早，为了能赶上早班车。(so that 引目的状语从句)‎ ‎ I got up early this morning, so that I caught the early bus.‎ ‎ 今天早晨我起了个早，赶上了早班车。（so that 引导结果状语从句）‎ 辨析 so such ‎ ‎ 不同点: so + adj. /adv so+ adj. +a(n) + n.(sig.)‎ ‎ so +many / few + n.(pl)‎ ‎ so + much / little + n.(pl)(little意为少)‎ such + n. ( [c.n] / [u.c.n ] ) ‎ ‎ such a nice girl / so nice a girl 一个可爱的女孩 ‎ such loud noise 如此大的吵闹声(不能用so)‎ ‎ such a lot of people 如此多的人(不能用so)‎ ‎ so many people 如此多的人(不能用such)‎ ‎ so much noise 如此多吵闹声(不能用such)‎ ‎ so few books 如此少的书(不能用such)‎ ‎ so little water 如此少的水(不能用such)‎ ‎ such little children 如此小的孩子(不能用so)‎ ‎ ‎ something pron. some thing某事, 某物 词组 have something to do 有事要做 ‎ have something to do with 与…有关 ‎ make something of somebody 使某人略有成就 ‎ or something …或者什么, …之类 ‎ something else 另外一些东西 ‎ something is wrong with … 有毛病 ‎ something like 有点象, 几乎 ‎ be something of 有几分象 ‎ Jack’s father is something of an artist.杰克的父亲有几分象艺术家。‎ ‎ ‎ spare adj. in addition to what is needed or used; free, ( of time ) for leisure 多余的, 空闲的 ‎ v. use as little as possible; be able to afford to give (time, money)节约; 抽出; 饶恕 词组 spare money 余款 ‎ in one’s spare time 在业余时间 (=at one’s leisure)‎ ‎ spare no efforts / pains 不遗余力 ‎ spare no expense 不惜工本 ‎ spare somebody the trouble 不麻烦别人 例句 Could you spare me a few minutes? 你能腾出几分钟吗?‎ ‎ Take the money but soare my life! 把钱拿去, 饶我一命!‎ special adj. of a particular or certain type, not common, usual or general 特殊的, 专门的 词组 TV special 电视特别节目 a special school 特殊学校 ‎ receive special care 受到特殊照顾 special price 特价 ‎ pay special attention 特别注意 辨析 1. special particular specific ‎ special 指特性中的共性, 如 a special school for the blind 指专为盲人开设的特殊学校, 指一类特殊的群体;‎ ‎ particular指特性中的个性, 意为”个别的, 个人的”. 如 his particular problem他个人的问题. 指个人的情况;‎ ‎ specific a. 明确的, 特定的 ‎ This organ has its specific function. 这个器官具有独特的作用。‎ ‎ What are your specific aims? 你的确切目标是什么?‎ ‎ 2. specially especially ‎ specially ad. for a particular purpose 特地地, 专门地 ‎ especially ad. in particular 特殊地, 尤其 ‎ I came specially to see you. 我是特地看你来的.‎ ‎ The charming folk song is popular with students, especially girl students.‎ ‎ 这首迷人的民歌受到学生们的喜爱,尤其是女学生的喜爱。‎ spend vt. give money for goods or services etc; use time for a purpose花(钱),花费,花(时间等)‎ 词组 spend time/money on something 花时间/钱在某方面 ‎ spend money/time (in) doing 花时间/钱做某事 例句 The old lady spent her whole life on the farm.这位老太太一生都在农场渡过.‎ 辨析 cost worth pay spend ‎ cost 和 worth 主语都为物; pay 和spend 主语都为人 ‎ The book cost me $ 20.‎ ‎ Or The book is worth $ 20‎ ‎ Or I paid $20 for the book.‎ ‎ Or I spent $20 on the book.‎ ‎ 我花$20 买了这本书。‎ ‎ ‎ spread v. extend the surface area, width or length of something by unfolding it; become widely known, felt or suffered 伸展, 传开 辨析 spread extend stretch ‎ ‎ spread 侧重于”广布在表面”常被用于比喻中 ; extend 原意为伸展,可引申为”扩展(势力,范围等); stretch 意为”伸(手,头), 拉长”, 指的是由曲而直的伸展; ‎ ‎ spread the table for dinner 摆好餐准备开饭 ‎ Word spread quickly about the games.有关这次比赛的消息迅速传开了。‎ ‎ Extend a fence, wall, railway 扩建篱笆,墙,铁路 ‎ Can you extend your visit a few days longer?你能多停留几天吗？‎ ‎ Stretch one’s arms, legs 伸展双臂,双腿 ‎ She stretched out her arms for the butter. 她伸出手臂去拿白脱。‎ ‎ ‎ stare v. with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze 凝视, 注视 辨析 stare at 意为”盯,凝视”指出于好奇,惊讶等原因长时间睁大眼直接注视,常含粗鲁无礼之意;‎ ‎ gaze at 意为”凝视”, 语义较stare轻, 指出于好奇或惊讶而深情地长时间看;‎ ‎ glare at 指”怒目而视”, 出于气愤或敌意;‎ ‎ glance at 意为”一瞥”, 指匆忙中迅速看上一眼 ‎ 其他: look at 看着 ‎ catch one’s eye / come into view 进入视线 ‎ peep 偷看 ‎ ‎ stock vt. keep in stock, keep a supply of 为…备货; 供应 ‎ n. store of goods available for sale, distribution or use, in a shop, warehouse,etc.储存 词组 have a stock of 有….的备货 have … in stock 备有, 有现货 ‎ in stock / out of stock 存货 / 缺货 be stocked with 备有…的货 例句 Our library has a stock of 200,000 books. 我们图书馆备有20万册书.‎ ‎ Or Our library is stocked with 2000,000 books ‎ Or Our library has 200,000 books in stock.‎ strength n. quality of being strong; degree of intensity of this力量，实力 词组 build up one’s strength 增强体力 ‎ concentrate one’s strength on 集中力量于…‎ 辨析 strength energy power force ‎ strength 指人的力气，是内部的力，是在组织内存在的体力 ‎ energy 指精力、活力、能量 ‎ power 指力量、政权、权利，用于各种身心的隐藏的外显的力 ‎ force 指军队武力，物理上的力 ‎ the police force 警察部队 a sales force 推销人员 ‎ When I climbed up the top of the mountain, my strength was given out.‎ ‎ 当我们爬到山顶时，我已精疲力竭。‎ ‎ Though Mike’s father is in his sixties, he is full of energy.‎ ‎ 虽然迈克的父亲六十多岁了，他充满了活力。‎ ‎ Knowledge is power 知识就是力量。‎ strong adj. solid and sturdy; ( of emotion, opinion, that can resist influence) 强壮的，强烈的，有力的，坚决的 词组 a strong will 坚定的意志 ‎ be strong on something 擅长某事物 ‎ one’s strong point/ suit 某人所擅长的事物 strike v. hit somebody or something 敲打，打击 (struck, struck)‎ 词组 strike a match 划火柴 ‎ be struck by 被…打动 ‎ flood-stricken areas 洪水泛滥区 例句 It struck me that I had seen him before.我突然想起以前见过他。‎ ‎ The clock struck twelve when I arrived at home.‎ ‎ 当我到家时，刚好钟敲十二下。‎ ‎ Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。‎ substitute vt. put someone /something as a substitute for (somebody/something) 用…替代 词组 substitute A for B 用A代替B ‎ A substitute for B A代替B (= B is replaced by/with A)‎ 例句 We substituted red balls for blue to see if the baby would notice.‎ ‎ 我们用红球替代蓝球观察婴儿是否注意到它们的区别。‎ ‎ He substituted the teacher who was ill. 他给生病的老师代课。‎ 辨析 instead instead of 代替 ‎ I didn’t go to the movies yesterday. Instead, I stayed at home.‎ ‎ I stayed at home instead of going to the movies yesterday.‎ ‎ 昨天我没去看电影，我呆在家里了。‎ succeed vi. Do what one is trying to do; achieve the desired end 成功 词组 succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事 ‎ succeed by doing sth. 因做某事而成功 展开 success n. 成功 successful a. 成功的 ‎ successfully ad. 成功地 unsuccessful a. 不成功的 ‎ unsuccessfully ad. 不成功地 ‎ If at first you don’t succeed, try try again.‎ ‎ 一次要是不成功，二次努力，再努力。‎ suggest vt. put something forward for consideration建议 词组 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 ‎ suggest that … 建议；表明，暗示 例句 Her pale face suggested that she was ill. 他的苍白的脸表明她病了。‎ ‎ I suggested that she (should) go to see a doctor. 我建议他去看医生。‎ ‎ Mike suggested to us a visit to Mr. Smith. 迈克建议我们去看望史密斯先生。‎ suit vt. ( esp. of clothes, hairstyles, etc) look attractive on somebody 适合 set of clothing 一套衣服 词组 a suit of clothes 一套服装 a bathing suit 游泳衣 ‎ be suited for 适宜于 ‎ She isn’t suited for her present post. 她不适宜于现在这个职位。‎ ‎ He is better suited to a job with older pupils. 他较适合教小学高年级学生。‎ suitable adj. right or appropriate for a purpose or an occasion 适合的 例句 He is suitable for the job. 他适合做这份工作。‎ ‎ Try to find words suitable to an occasion. 找到适合某一场合的言辞。‎ supply n. supplying; stock or amount of something that is obtainable支持，供养 ‎ vt. give or provide something needed or asked for 供给，供应 词组 supply sb. with sth. 给某人供应某物 = supply sth. to sb.‎ ‎ military supplies 军需品 ‎ a sufficient supply of necessities 充分供应必需品 ‎ a good supply of water 水的大量供应 ‎ supply and demand 供给和需求 ‎ be in short supply 供应不足 sure adj. & adv. not doubting or seeming to doubt what one believes的确，当然，有把握 词组 be sure of 对…有把握 ‎ be sure to do 肯定能…‎ ‎ Be sure to do 务必做…‎ 辨析 be sure of be sure to do ‎ He is sure of winning the match.‎ ‎ 他有把握赢这场比赛。(指他对自己的评判)‎ ‎ He is sure to win the match.‎ 他肯定能赢这场比赛。(表示别人对他的判断)‎ Be sure to come here before ‎6:00‎ tomorrow.‎ 一定要在明天六点前到这里(be sure被放句前相当于make sure)‎ take vt. carry sth/sb or accompany sb from one place to another 拿，取；带领；‎ sit down or be seated就(坐、职等)；eat or drink sth吃，喝；服(药等)；use a means of transport搭乘(车、船等)；test or measure something量(体温)等；hold or adopt opinion采取；understand理解；suppose以为。‎ get or lay hold of sth拿、取 词组 take a bus 乘公共汽车 ‎ Take a No. 43 bus / take Bus No. 43 乘43 路公共汽车 take a photo 给某人拍照 ‎ take a photo with sb. 与某人一起拍照 ‎ take great trouble/pains to do 不辞辛劳做某事 ‎ take notes 记笔记 ‎ take medicine 吃药 ‎ take sb.’s temperature 量某人的体温 ‎ take away 拿走 ‎ take in 吸收，接纳；骗，改小 ‎ take off 起飞；脱下 ‎ take on 呈现，承担；雇佣 ‎ take over 接收，接管 ‎ take up 占据；开始从事，把…继续下去 ‎ take sth. into consideration 考虑某事 ‎ take place 发生 ‎ take sth. for granted 想当然 ‎ take to doing 喜欢做 ‎ take action/steps/measures 采取行动 ‎ take pride in （=be proud of ） 以…自豪 ‎ take turns 替换，轮流 be taken ill 得病 ‎ 例句 The box has taken up too much room. 这个箱子占据了太多的空间。‎ ‎ What business are you gong to take up after graduation?毕业后你想从事什么职业？‎ ‎ The teacher took up where we left off yesterday.老师从昨天中断的地方接下去讲。‎ ‎ Don’t be taken in by his charming manner. 不要被他讨人喜欢的外表所迷惑。‎ ‎ This dress needs to be taken in at the waist. 这件连衣裙的腰身需要改正。‎ ‎ Fish take in oxygen through their gills. 鱼通过鳃摄取氧气。‎ ‎ ‎ than conj. Introduce a second part of a comparison 比 词组 hardly … than 一…就 no sooner … than 一…就 little less than 和…差不多 ‎ little more than 只是，仅仅，比…只多出一点 ‎ more than 多于，超…过，不仅做 no less than 有…之多 (=as … as)‎ ‎ no less than 不少于 (=only) no more than 仅仅 ‎ none other than 正是… nothing else than 仅仅，完完全全是 ‎ other than 除了… rather than 而不 ‎ more … than 与其说…不如说 ‎ 例句 I’d rather you came tomorrow than today. 我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天来。‎ ‎ They were given nothing other than bread and water for their supper.‎ ‎ 他们晚餐除了分到面包和水，什么也没有了。‎ ‎ Hardly had I finished telling the story than she began to cry.‎ 我刚把故事讲完，她就哭了。‎ ‎ I was more surprised than angry at the news. 听到这个消息我并非生气，而是惊讶。‎ ‎ Jack is no more diligent than Mike.(=Jack is not so diligent as Mike.)‎ ‎ 杰克比迈克用功不到哪去。‎ ‎ Jack is no less diligent than Mike.(=Jack is as diligent as Mike.)‎ ‎ 杰克比迈克用功并不少一点。‎ ‎ It is nothing less than stealing to take a thing away without the permission of its ‎ owner. 不经过主人的许可而拿走东西这完全是偷窃。‎ time n. occasion, instance次，回；all the year of the past, present and future时间 词组 ahead of time 提前 all the time 一直，始终 ‎ at one time 一度，曾经 at a time 一次，同时 ‎ at the same time 同时 at any time 无论如何，随时 ‎ at all times 总是，始终 at odd times 偶尔，在空间的时候 ‎ at times(from time to time) 时时，有时 behind the times 落后于时代 ‎ behind time 误点，迟到 by the time 到…的时候 ‎ every time 每次 have a good time 玩得愉快 ‎ high time 应立即做某事的时候 in no time 立即 ‎ in time 及时 for the first time 第一次 ‎ for the time being 目前，暂时 go with the times 随大流，不落后于时代 ‎ in … days’ time 在天后/内 keep good/bad time (钟、表)走得准确/不准 ‎ lost time (钟、表)走得慢，浪费时间 ‎ kill time/pass the time 消磨时间 ‎ Lost time is never found again. 岁月即往，不可复返。‎ Unit Twenty ‎ tour n. journey for pleasure during which various places of interest are visited旅行；观察 ‎ 词组 a business tour 商务旅行 ‎ a round-the-world tour 环球旅行 ‎ make a tour of 巡回演出 辨析 journey trip tour voyage ‎ journey 应用范围很广，指“有预定地点的陆上，水上或空中的单程长，短途旅行”，一般来说，它着重指“长距离的陆上旅行”。‎ ‎ He decided to take a train journey to Xinjiang.‎ ‎ 他决定坐火车去新疆旅行。‎ ‎ trip 常指“短途旅行”，“远足”‎ ‎ We took a three-day trip to Lin’an after the final exam.‎ ‎ 期终考试后，我们去临安作三天的旅行。‎ ‎ tour 指考察、观光等的环球旅行 ‎ They are on a wedding tour. 他们在新婚旅游。‎ ‎ voyage 主要指“乘船作水上旅行”，也包括“空中旅行”‎ ‎ She got a seasick during the voyage. 在航行中她晕船。‎ 展开 tourist n. 旅行者，观光客 tourism n.[u] 旅行业，观光 treat vt. act or behave in a certain way towards sb对待, give medical care to sb医治;‎ n. thing that gives great pleasure 乐事 词组 treat … as 把…当作, 看作 ‎ treat somebody with 用… 治疗 ‎ treat somebody to something 请客某人吃某物 ‎ treat … as if 它…当作(后跟虚拟句子)‎ 例句 They shall not be treated only as amusement. 它们不能仅被视作娱乐。‎ ‎ He treated his students as if they were his own children.‎ ‎ 他把他的学生视如己出。‎ ‎ It’s a great treat for her to go to the cinema. 去看电影是她的一大乐事。‎ 辨析 treat cure ‎ treat “治疗”, cure “治愈”‎ ‎ The doctors treated the patient with herbal medicine. A few month later, he was cured of the disease. 医生用草药治疗这位病人.几个月后,他的病治愈了。‎ 展开 treatment n.治疗 ‎ in the treatment of 在…的治疗过程中 turn n. one after another, in rotation轮流, 交替 ‎ vt. cause sth to move round a point 使转动, 使转向, 使变得 ‎ vi. change position or direction 转动, 转向, 转身, 变成 词组 by turns /take turns / in turn 轮流, 交替 ‎ turn down 拒绝; 把音量调低 turn up 露面; 把音量调高 ‎ turn in 上交; 拐弯进入 turn against 采取敌对态度 ‎ turn into 使变成; 翻译 turn on / turn off 打开 / 关上 ‎ turn out 生产, 制造; 关掉, 原来是 ‎ turn over 移交, 仔细考虑, 翻阅 turn to 转向, 求助于 例句 Mary turned in the wallet she picked up in the street at once.‎ ‎ 玛丽马上上交了街上捡来的钱包。‎ ‎ Nothing could make me turn against my country. 没有什么能使我背判祖国。‎ ‎ Whenever you come across troubles, turn to us . 无论何时遇上困难,向我们求助。‎ ‎ Open your books and turn to page 11. 打开书本翻到11页。‎ ‎ When a person is waiting for a bus, he must take his turn.‎ ‎ 等车时, 每个人必须依次排队。‎ ‎ Bob turned engineer later. 鲍勃后来成了个工程师。‎ ‎ It turned out to be true that what he said was right.结果证明他所说的是正确的。‎ use vt. employ sth for a purpose, bring sth into service使用 using or being used使用 词组 in use 使用着 make use of 利用 ‎ use up 用尽 展开 useful a. that can be used for some practical purpose有用的 useless a. not serving a useful purpose无用的 used a. having been worn, used, etc, before用过的 ‎ a used car 二手车 ‎ vi. having learned to accept sth; accustomed to sth.惯常( 仅用过去时, 后接to do, 表过去的事实或状态 辨析 used to do 过去常常做 ‎ be used to doing 习惯做 ‎ be used to do 被用来做…‎ ‎ The wood is used to make paper. 这木头是用来造纸的。‎ ‎ I used to get up late in the morning, but now I am used to getting up early.‎ ‎ 我过去常常早晨睡懒觉,而现在我习惯早起了。‎ warn vt. give sb notice of sth, esp. possible danger or unpleasant consequences警告，告诫 词组 warn sb. of sth. 提醒某人注意 warn sb. to do 提醒某人做某事 ‎ warn sb. against doing(=warn sb. not to do) 提醒某人不做某事 ‎ warn that 提醒道…‎ 展开 warning n. statement, event that warns 警告 way n. place for walking, traveling , along 路，逆路；‎ method , style or manner of doing sth方法，手段 词组 all the way 一路上 any way 无论如何，不管怎样 ‎ by the way 顺便说 by way of 取道，经由 ‎ feel one’s way 摸索，前进 in the way 挡道，妨碍 ‎ in this way 用这种方法 this way 这边走 ‎ no way 没门 give way to 让步，屈服为…所代替 ‎ make one’s way 艰难地走 lose one’s way 迷路 ‎ on one’s way to 到去…的途中 辨析 way road street ‎ way 多指抽象的“路”即指到达某一目的地所必须去的地方。‎ ‎ . Could you tell me the way to the nearest post office?‎ ‎ 你能告诉去最近的一家邮局的路吗？‎ ‎ road 路，公路，指通车辆的宽广平坦的大路。‎ ‎ All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。‎ ‎ street 街道,一般指城镇或村社中的一边或两边有人行道，两边有房屋的大小街道 ‎ The No.43 bus is on the other side of the street.‎ ‎ 43路公共汽车在街道对面。‎ wear vt. have something on one’s body, esp. as clothing穿，穿着，戴，穿破，磨损 vi. become damaged, useless or reduced by being used穿破，磨损，耐用，耐穿 词组 wear out 穿破，用久 wear well 经久耐用 辨析 put on dress wear have on ‎ put on 穿上”表示动作，不表示状态，后面须跟宾语。反义词take off ‎ What dress shall I put on for the party? 我穿什么衣服去参加聚会呢？‎ ‎ dress 指动作，宾语为“人”不是衣服，但表状态时可用。‎ ‎ dress sb. 给某人穿衣服 be dressed in sth. “穿着…”‎ ‎ be well/poorly dressed 穿着得体/不得体的。‎ ‎ wear 穿，戴，指状态，除穿戴衣服、鞋帽外，还可以是戴首饰、眼镜、发型等。‎ ‎ Most students are required to wear school uniforms.‎ 大多数学生被要求穿校服。‎ have on 与wear同义，表状态，但不能用作进行状态。‎ ‎ Today she has on a nice dress. 今天她穿着一条好看的裙子。‎ while conj. during the time that, when 当…时候 ‎ n. a period of time 一会儿 词组 after a while 过了一会儿，不久 for a while 片刻 ‎ in the meanwhile 在此期间 once in a while 偶尔，有时 展开 while表“正当…”时+进行时态(持续动词)或状态的动词。‎ ‎ While I was in France, I picked up a little French.‎ ‎ 在我呆在法国期间，我学了点法语。‎ ‎ while表“而…”对比意思 ‎ He is a teacher while I am a doctor. 他是个教师而我是个医生。‎ ‎ while表让步，意为“虽然…，但是…”(=although)‎ ‎ While he is only a child, he knows a lot. 虽然他只是个小孩，但他知之甚多。‎ wide adj. measuring much from side to side; not narrow 阔，亮 ‎ ad. to the full extent; fully 完全的，充分的 词组 far and wide 广泛，普遍，到处 be wide awake 完全醒着(wide为ad.)‎ ‎ be wide open 敞开，(眼睛)睁得很大 辨析 wide broad ‎ wide指一头到另一头的宽度 ‎ broad 指整个表面宽广 ‎ The river is ten metres wide. 这条河有十米宽。‎ ‎ The young man has broad shoulders. 这个年轻人有着宽宽的肩膀。‎ 展开 width n. measurement from side to side 宽度 ‎ widely ad. to a large extent or degree 广泛地 ‎ English is widely spoken all over the world. 英语在全世界广泛使用。‎ wish vt. n. demand or want; say that one hopes somebody will have something 祝愿，希望 ‎ vi. express a desire for something 希望 词组 wish to do 想做… wish sb. to do 想让某人做…希望…‎ ‎ wish you good luck 祝你好运 give one’s best wishes to sb.向某人致意 ‎ with best wishes (信末结束语)祝好 例句 I wish I could have a new car. 我希望有辆新车。‎ 辨析 want hope expect ‎ want 词组有want to do; want sb. to do但不能用want sb. to do ‎ hope 词组有 hope to do, hope that sb. will do sth., 但不能用 hope sb. to do ‎ expect 词组有expect to do expect sb. to do expect that sb. will do work n. what a person does as an occupation, esp. in order to earn money工作，职业;‎ piece of literary, musical or artistic composition[常用works,有时a work]著作，‎ 作品；thing or things produced as a result of work产品,工艺品[works](用作单或 复);工厂（ a steel works / two steel works ）‎ ‎ vi. do work; engage in physical or mental activity工作，劳动 ‎ vt. cause someone or something work使工作；使劳动 词组 work at 从事于，研究，钻研 at work 在工作，在运转，在起作用 ‎ work on it 善于做，开始做 work it out 算出，解答出 ‎ in work 有工作 out of work 失业 ‎ a work on biology 一部生物学著作 ‎ the works of Karl Marx 卡尔马克思的著作 ‎ a work of art 一件艺术品 ‎ works of art 艺术品 ‎ worth prep. having a certain value值…钱，值得…的 ‎ ‎ value or usefulness 价值；值(或相当于)…的数量 辨析 worth worthy ‎ worth 1.“价值…”；后接价值数量词 ‎ The book is worth £20. 这本书20英镑。‎ ‎2. “值得”，后接名词，代词或动名词。‎ ‎ The book is worth it. 这本书值这个价。‎ ‎ It is worth our work. 这事值得我们付出劳动。‎ ‎ The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。‎ 展开 worthy 值得 ‎ 1. 接动名词时有主动和被动。‎ ‎ The book is worthy of being read.‎ ‎ The book is worthy to be read. ‎ ‎ The article is worthy of study. 这篇文章值得细读.(被动)‎ ‎ He is worthy to get the prize.‎ ‎ He is worthy of getting the prize 他应该得这份奖.(主动)‎ ‎ 2. 可敬的，相的 ‎ Mary is my worthy friend. 玛丽是我的可敬的朋友。‎ ‎ ‎