【英语】2018届二轮复习高考阅读理解试题五（社会类含解析）（15页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习高考阅读理解试题五（社会类含解析）（15页）

‎2018届二轮复习 英语阅读理解试题（社会类）‎ ‎ (1)‎ Among the first to suggest that clocks be moved ahead to extend(延长) daylight hours during the spring and summer was Benjamin Franklin. However, it was not until March 31, 1918, more than a century after Franklin’s death, that Congress adopted the practice — during World War I, in order to save electricity. During World War I, daylight saving was also adopted(采取) in England, Germany, France, and many other countries.‎ ‎1. Daylight saving means _______.‎ A. to make the clocks faster B. to make the clocks slower C. to extend daylight hours D. to shorten day hours ‎2. The first to suggest that clocks be moved ahead to extend daylight hours was _______.‎ A. Benjamin Franklin B. Congress of the United States ‎ C. No one D. Newton ‎3. When did they put this into practice?‎ A. World War II. B. World War I. ‎ C. More than a century ago. D. About 50 years ago.‎ ‎4. Congress adopted the practice, in order _______.‎ A. to save water B. to save electricity ‎ C. to save money D. to save time ‎5. Daylight saving was also adopted _______.‎ A. in England and France.‎ B. in Germany and many other countries.‎ C. Both A and B D. all the countries ‎【答案与解析】本文讲述了延长白昼时间的提出，以及这种建议何时被采用。‎ ‎1. C。Daylight saving是什么意思？文章首先说了延长白昼时间的方法被Franklin提出，然后说在第一次世界大战中为了节约电而采用了这种 daylight saving的方法。由此可知是延长白昼时间的意思。‎ ‎2. A。文章第1句告诉我们提出延长白昼时间的人是Benjamin Franklin，由此可知答案。‎ ‎3. B。这个建议什么时候被运用在实践中的呢？文章说到是在Franklin死后的一个世纪也就是在第一次世界大战中才被采用。因此可知答案是B。‎ ‎4. B。文章中的第3句告诉我们延长白昼时间的原因是saving electricity。‎ ‎5. C。根据文章的最后一句我们得知英国和德国等都采用了这个建议。所以A、B项都对。‎ ‎(2)‎ Fifty years ago not many people would have something repaired in their homes. In those days labor was fairly cheap and most people would have thought it worthwhile to have somebody repair their things unless they were very poor. Today,‎ ‎ however, it is quite a different story. Men and women in all walks of life turn their hands to all kinds of jobs round the house. Some people have even successfully built their own houses. These jobs have been made easier today by using prepared materials.‎ In every high street throughout Britain nowadays there is at least one “DIY” shop. And “Do-it-yourself” is a booming business. A lot of people visited these shops every day because of the high cost of present-day labor.‎ ‎1. Fifty years ago if people needed some repair, they would _______. ‎ A. try to mend them by themselves ‎ B. has them repaired by others C. repair them in their homes D. have somebody repair them unless they were poor ‎2. Many jobs have been made easier today because _______.‎ A. some people have successfully built their own houses B. men and women turn their hands to all kinds of jobs C. they can be done by using prepared materials D. a lot of people is very hard up for money ‎3. From the passage we know that _______.‎ A. there are many “DIY” shops in Britain B. not every high street in Britain has one “DIY” shop C. people can do nothing without using prepared materials D. “Do-it-yourself” is a lazy business in cities ‎4. Why did a lot of people visit “DIY” shops every day? ‎ A. Because people were used to doing things at home.‎ B. Because the present-day labor was no longer cheap.‎ C. Because they were interested in such kind of shops.‎ D. Because they enjoyed the high cost of present-day labor.‎ ‎5. What is the best title for this passage? ‎ A. High Streets in Britain B. DIY C. Present-day Labor D. A Strange Business ‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文讲述了如今劳动力的情况和这种不同于以往的情况所带来的新的生意。‎ ‎1. D。文章第2段说In those days...(那时劳动力很廉价，大多数人认为值得去请一些人修理，除非家里很穷)，由此句可知答案。‎ ‎2. C。文章第1段最后一句说：如今，这些工作由于用了预制材料变得容易起来。由此句可推知答案。‎ ‎3. A。文章第2段第1句 ...at least one DIY shop，可知至少有一家，不一定只有一家。‎ ‎4. B。为什么每天都有很多人去DIY shop呢？文章最后一句告诉了我们：很多人去的原因是如今劳动力很贵(即劳动力不再便宜)。 因此选B。‎ ‎5. C。哪一个做文章的标题最好呢？全文讲述的是如今劳动力的情况及带来的新的生意。答案D(一种奇怪的生意)的这种概括不正确；答案C (如今的劳动力)的这种概括很好。‎ ‎(3)‎ Sport is very popular in England. In other words lots of English people like the idea of sport. A lot watch sport on TV. But the number who take part in sport is quite small. On the whole English people prefer to be fat rather than thin.‎ The most popular sport in England is football. Football is played on Saturday afternoon in most towns and the supporters of a certain team will travel from one end of the country to the other to see their team play. There are four divisions(级别) of the football league. Not surprisingly the best teams are in the first division. But the best supporters are often in the fourth division. You have to be a good supporter to watch the fourth division football! ‎ Many other sports are also played in England, such as golf, in which you try to knock a ball into a hole; basketball, in which you try to get a ball through a net; tennis, in which you try to hit a ball so that your opponent(对手) can not hit it. As you see, if the ball had not been invented, there would have been no sport. ‎ Actually, that is not quite true. Athletics(田径) isn’t played with a ball; nor horseracing. Perhaps that is why they are not as popular as football!‎ ‎1. _______ is the most popular sport in England. ‎ A. Basketball B. Football C. Golf D. Tennis ‎2. You have to be a good supporter to watch _______ division football. ‎ A. the first B. the second C. the third D. the fourth ‎3. Why do many English people not take part in sport?‎ A. They are too busy. B. They like watching sport on TV.‎ C. They would like to be fat. D. They prefers to be thin.‎ ‎4. Why are English people interested in sport? ‎ A. They have their football team.‎ B. The sport games are played on Saturday afternoon.‎ C. They like the idea of sport.‎ D. They like the famous players. ‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文讲述了英国十分流行运动，尤其是球类运动备受英国人的喜爱。‎ ‎1. B。在England流行什么运动？文章第4行的The most popular sport in England is football，由此可知football最流行。‎ ‎2. D。如果你看第几级别的比赛你就是个很棒的球迷呢？文章中的第2段 But the best supporters are often in the fourth division(但最好的球迷常常在第四级别的比赛中)，由此可知答案为D。‎ ‎3. C。文章第1段最后一句说英国人喜欢胖胜过喜欢瘦。据此句可推测英国人不太参加运动的原因是C。‎ ‎4. C。为什么英国人对运动感兴趣？文章第2段In other words lots of...，由此句可知答案是C。‎ ‎(4)‎ There have been great changes in the lives of women. During the twentieth ‎ century there was an unusual shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, chance and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances(家用电器) and convenience foods.‎ This important change in women’s way of life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards, return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with both husband and wife accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfaction of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each them.‎ ‎1. According to the passage, around the year 1990 most women married ________.‎ A. at about twenty-five ‎ B. in their early fifties C. as soon as possible after they were fifteen D. at any age from fifteen to forty-five ‎ ‎2. We are told that in an average family about 1990 _______.‎ A. many children died before they were five ‎ B. the youngest child would be fifteen C. seven of eight children lived to be more than five ‎ D. four of five children died when they were five.‎ ‎3. When she was over fifty, the late 19th century mother _______.‎ A. would expect to work until she died B. was usually expected to take up paid employment C. would be healthy enough to take up paid employment D. was unlikely to find a job like the mother nowadays ‎ ‎4. Many girls, the passage says, are now likely to _______.‎ A. marry so that they can get a job B. leave school as soon as they can ‎ C. give up their jobs for good after they are married D. continue working until they are going to have a baby ‎ ‎5. According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to _______.‎ A. stay at home after leaving school B. marry men younger than ‎ themselves C. start working again later in life D. marry while still at school ‎【答案解析】本文描述了 15 世纪与 20 世纪妇女生活的变化。‎ ‎1. A。细节题。根据第 1 段第 3 句 …A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century would probably have been in her middle twenties可知答案为A。‎ ‎2. D。细节题。根据第 1 段第 3 句 …of whom four of five lived till they were five years old 可推知答案为 D。‎ ‎3. D。细节题。根据第1段 …the mother would have been in her early fifties and…made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today … when she is forty-five and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty 可知答案为 D。‎ ‎4. D。细节题。根据第 2 段 …Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, …more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born 可知答案为 D。‎ ‎5. C。细节题。根据第2段 …Very many more afterwards, return to full or part-time work.可知答案为C。‎ ‎(5)‎ The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded on January 1, 1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow as freely as possible, making sure that trade agreements are respected and that any disputes(争端) can be settled.‎ In the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well-known as one of the world’s most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.‎ The system of global rules for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the General Agreement on Tariffs(关税) and Trade(GATT) was formed after World War Ⅱ.‎ As time went by, it became clear that the GATT had two major drawbacks — the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes.‎ After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round finally gave birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle disputes, and new roles covering trade in services and intellectual property(知识产权). ‎ Even after seven years of talks and 22, 500 pages of agreements there were still problems, especially the difficult-to-deal with areas of agriculture and services, which the member nations agreed to revise in 2000.‎ The WTO, with its head office in Geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join.‎ ‎1. From the passage we know that the GATT stopped working _______.‎ A. soon after World WarⅡended ‎ B. a little more than 50 years after world WarⅡ C. Just in the year 1994‎ D. seven years before the Uruguay Round talk ‎　　2. Compared with the GATT, the WTO _______.‎ A. doesn’t pay enough attention to services and intellectual property B. gets its members to sign the agreements more easily C. has got too many areas of international trade to deal with to work effectively D. can do better to settle disputes in more areas of international trade ‎　　3. In the new century, the WTO will_______.‎ A. take the place of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund B. have more members and do much more to settle more problems C. make complete new roles in every area of international trade D. have new roles coveting trade in services and intellectual property ‎4. The underlined word “drawbacks” means _______.‎ A. changes B. weak points C. strong points D. improvements ‎【答案解析】本文阐述了世贸组织代替关贸总协定是时代的需要，同时说明了它任重而道远。‎ ‎1. C。推断题。根据 After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round finally gave birth to the WTO, …可知在 WTO 诞生的同时，GATT 也就即刻停止了运行，故选答案 C。‎ ‎2. D。细节题。根据 After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round finally gave birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle dispute, and new roles covering trade in services and intellectual property 得知WTO在解决争端方面具有更有效的体系，并且覆盖了贸易服务及知识产权等更多的领域，由此可知 D 为正确答案。‎ ‎3. B。细节题。根据 The WTO, …has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join 及 Even after seven years of talks and 22,500 pages of agreements there were still problems 可知成员国数量在增加，而且通过谈话和争取达成的协议来解决更多的问题，据此选B。‎ ‎4. B。词义猜测题。…the GATT had two major drawbacks—the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes 这句话的意思是：一是它所覆盖的领域有限；二是缺乏解决争端的有效体系。由此可知drawbacks意为不足之处，故选答案B。‎ ‎(8)‎ ‎ The news report that night was about a famine(饥荒) in Ethiopia. The pictures were of people who were so thin that they looked like beings from another planet. The camera(摄像机) focused(聚焦) on one man so that he looked directly at me, sitting in my comfortable living room. All around was the sound of death.‎ ‎ It was clear that the world had not noticed this until now. You could hear the sadness in the voice of the reporter, Michael Buerk. At the end of the report he was silent. Paula started crying, then rushed upstairs to check our baby, Fifi, who was sleeping peacefully.‎ ‎ I kept seeing the news pictures in my mind. What could I do? I was only a pop singer and by now not a very successful pop singer. All I could do was to make records which no one bought. But I would do that. I would give all the profits(利润) of the next Rats(the name of the music group he was in)record to Oxfam( an organization in Britain which helps poor people around the world). What good would that do? It would only be a little money but it was more than I could give just from my bank account. Maybe some people would buy it because the profits were for ‎ Oxfam. And I would be protesting about this disaster(灾难). But that was not enough.‎ ‎1. What do we learn about the writer from the text?‎ A. He felt really bad because the news report made him think of his own hard life.‎ B. After he saw a news report on TV about the famine in Ethiopia, he decided he had to do something about the problem.‎ C. His ideas on how to collect money for the people in Ethiopia were very successful.‎ D. He wanted to do more than just be a famous singer.‎ ‎2. Which paragraph describes(描写) what he thought about after the report?‎ A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2. C. Paragraph 3. D. None.‎ ‎3. The writer wished that _______.‎ A. he would be a very successful pop singer if he could have sold all his records B. he would rather give all his money from his bank account than the little money made by making new records C. perhaps people would be interested in his records because they knew that the money they paid for them would go to Oxfam D. he would make records which no one bought ‎【答案解析】短文描述了作者在看了衣索比亚(Ethiopia)饥荒报导后的内心感受。‎ ‎1. B。推断题。根据 I would give all the profits(利润) of the next Rats record to Oxfam 可知 B 项正确。‎ ‎2. C。推断题。从 I kept seeing the news pictures in my mind. What could I do? 可以看出，第3段描述他的内心活动。‎ ‎3. C。细节题。根据 Maybe some people would buy it because the profits were for Oxfam 可推知此题答案为 C。‎ ‎(9)‎ The market is a concept. If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbour and some to the manager of the local supermarket. But in either case, you are producing for the market. Your efforts are being directed by the market. If people stop buying tomatoes, you will stop producing them.‎ If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the market. If your father is a steelworker or a taxi driver or a doctor or a grocer(杂货商), he is producing goods or service for the market.‎ When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. You may spend money in stores, supermarkets and gas stations. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labour market.‎ The market may seem to be something abstract(抽象的). But for each person or businessman who is making and selling something, it is real. If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won’t be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. It’s telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing ‎ something the market doesn’t want you to do.‎ ‎1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Selling and Buying B. What Is the Market?‎ ‎　　C. Everything You Do is Producing for the Market ‎ ‎　　D. What Can the Market Do for You?‎ ‎2. All of the following acts are producing for the market EXCEPT_______.‎ A. working in a bank B. printing a book C. attending a night school D. growing beans for sale ‎　　3. You are buying from the market when you_______.‎ ‎　　A. borrow a book from a library B. look after your children C. drive to the seaside for a holiday D. treat a friend to dinner at a restaurant ‎4. In what way is the market very real for each person or businessman who is making and selling something?‎ A. It tells you what to produce. ‎ ‎　　B. It directs you how to grow tomatoes.‎ ‎　　C. It provides you with everything you need.‎ D. It helps you save money.‎ ‎【答案解析】本文例析了市场理念—买和卖不是抽象而是具体的。‎ ‎1. B。主旨题。根据 The market is a concept 及后面通过买和卖的具体事例来诠释市场这个概念，由此可知B为正确答案。‎ ‎2. C。细节题。根据When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market，选项C(上夜校读书)是花钱，故是 buying things from the market，而不是 producing for the market，由此可知 C 为答案。‎ ‎3. D。细节题。 根据 When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market，答案 D(在餐厅款待朋友吃饭)当然是花钱，故选 D。‎ ‎4. A。推断题。根据最后一段 But for each person or businessman who is making and selling something, it is real… It’s telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn’t want you to do 得知通过市场需求告诉市场生产者去生产什么，故 A 为正确选项。‎ ‎(10)‎ When we walk through the city, we all experience a kind of information overload(超载) but we pay attention only to those that are important to us. We don’t stop, we keep our faces expressionless and eyes straight ahead, and in doing so, we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well.‎ We make use of stereotypes(刻板的模式) as convenient ways to make quick judgments about situations and people around us. They may not always be accurate(精确的), and they can often be dangerously wrong, but they are used regularly.‎ The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict(限制) experience. By using limited clues(线索) to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit our communication. We may decide not to go to certain places ‎ because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy.‎ In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to(关于) self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable(可辨认的) styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes, and this labeling(标签) makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly(马上), and lets other tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with.‎ In England, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions(区分), clothes, hairstyles, people’s pronunciation and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.‎ ‎1. People walking in cities ignore(忽略) the surroundings because _______.‎ A. they do not wish to talk to other people B. everyone else is expressionless C. the environment is already familiar to them D. there is too much information to take in ‎2. According to the passage, the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they _______.‎ A. are likely to lead us into dangerous situations B. may make us miss some pleasant experience C. can rarely be relied on D. make us mentally lazy ‎3. From the passage we may conclude that _______.‎ A. stereotypes can help to understand people fully B. people are becoming more interested in fashion C. dressing can send messages about individuals D. stereotypes can do more harm than good to people ‎4. It would appear that in England, a person’s class _______.‎ A. might be less important in making friends in a city B. is mainly determined by his pronunciation C. plays less of a role than it did in the past D. is something that can be changed easily ‎【答案解析】本文分析了日常生活中人们用刻板的模式去观察和判断周围的人和事的利弊。‎ ‎1. D。细节题。根据第 1 段可知人们在行走时有意忽略周围的人和事有两个目的：一是为了保护自己，二是为了避免超载，据此选答案 D。‎ ‎2. B。细节题。根据第 3 段The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience…We may decide not to go certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy 可知有时有可能错过我们喜欢的事情，据此选 B。‎ ‎3. C。推断题。根据 In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized ‎ 得知服装可传达个人的信息，由此选答案 C。‎ ‎4. A。细节题。根据最后一段 Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association 可知社会阶层在决定交友和社会交往方面是处于次要地位，据此选答案 A。‎ ‎(11)‎ ‎“Wanted by the FBI.” To the murderer, or the bank robber, these are the most frightening words in the world. When the criminal(罪犯) hears them, he knows that six thousand trained persons are after him.‎ Why should he be so afraid? There are hundreds of cities and thousands of villages where he can hide. There are large forests and deserts where he can lose himself. Besides, he’s usually rich with stolen money.‎ Money can make it easier to hide. With money, the criminal can pay a dishonest doctor to operate on his face and make him hard to recognize. Money can pay for a hideout in some far-off place. But the criminal knows what happened to public enemies such as John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson, and Machine Gun Kelly. They had plenty of money and good hideouts. Yet one by one they were found by the men of the FBI.‎ They know every trick the criminal knows and many more. If he makes just one mistake, they’ll get him. That’s why the man who is hunted can’t sleep. That’s why he becomes nervous, why he jumps at every sound. When he makes a mistake, he’ll no longer be “wanted by the FBI”. He’ll have been caught.‎ The FBI began on May 10, 1924. Attorney General Harlan F. Stone chose J. Eegar Hoover, a young lawyer in the Department of Justice, to head the new agency(机构). “What we need is a wholly new kind of police force,” he said. “Criminals today are smart. They use stolen cars and even planes to make their gateways. They have learned to open any lock. The criminal would have discovered science. We can’t beat them with old methods. We have to train officers to work scientifically.” ‎ J. Edgar Hoover quietly went ahead with his plans. He picked his men carefully. They had to be between the ages of twenty-five and thirty-five. He wanted only men with good manners and good character. When working as his officers they would have to meet all kinds of people. Hoover wanted men who could handle a teacup as well as a gun. He chose men so carefully that he made the FBI the hardest service in the world to get into. The FBI cannot help in every police problem. It can look into only certain crimes against the government. Solving all other crimes is the duty of local police forces.‎ ‎1. A man wanted by the FBI will find that money is _______.‎ A. not at all useful B. only helpful for a while C. necessary for staying free D. important and useful ‎2. Before he worked with the FBI, J. Edgar Hoover was a _______.‎ A. policeman B. lawyer C. teacher D.‎ ‎ general ‎3. The FBI was begun in order to _______.‎ A. reduce crimes B. bring younger men into police work C. fight crimes scientifically D. offer jobs ‎4. A man who can “handle a teacup as well as a gun” has both _______.‎ A. courage and manners B. strength and kindness C. wisdom and energy D. ability and humor ‎【答案解析】本文介绍了美国联邦调查局(FBI)产生的历史背景，成员的高素质及它的强大的工作能力。‎ ‎1. B。推断题。根据第三段可知有钱能使罪犯化妆难于辨认，有钱能在偏僻的地方找一个躲藏地，但以往罪犯的历史告诉他们这种用途只是暂时的，由此可见 B 为正确答案。‎ ‎2. B。细节题。根据Attorney General Harlan F. Stone chose J. Eegar Hoover, a young lawyer in the Department of Justice 可知他在FBI工作前是一名律师，故选 B。‎ ‎3. C。细节题。根据 The criminal would have discovered science. We can’t beat them with old methods. We have to train officers to work scientifically 可知罪犯已掌握了高科技，地方警察用常规方法已无法打败他们，于是FBI产生了，并运用高科技与之作战，故选C。‎ ‎4. A。细节题。根据 He wanted only men with good manners and good character: When working as his officers they would have to meet all kinds of people. Hoover wanted men who could handle a teacup as well as a gun 由此可知答案选 A。‎ ‎ (12)‎ ‎ Please be advised that Nairobi like any other large city has a security and crime problem. However, if you observe the following simple guidelines you will have a trouble-free stay here:‎ ‎1. Do not wear a money belt. This makes you an instant target.‎ ‎2. Cameras of all kinds are a favourite with snatchers. Feel free to use them within the Starehe Campus and the hotel grounds but not in the streets.‎ ‎3. Ladies’ handbags are also a regular snatch. Avoid carrying one, and if you must, be alert and hold on to it tightly. ‎ ‎4. Jewellery and even glasses with valuable frames are also often targeted. Bear this in mind. ‎ ‎5. When in a vehicle keep the doors always locked, and the windows only slightly open — especially at traffic lights, junctions and in slow moving traffic.‎ ‎6. Beware of street children, their begging often quickly transforms into something more unpleasant.‎ ‎7. Stay with the main party all the time, and avoid wandering off on your own. ‎ ‎8. Finally, the best defence is to be alert at all times and conscious of your environment. Should you have any problem or need help at any hour of the day or night, call any of the following and they will do their best for you:‎ Office fixed, home fixed and mobile phones ‎● Kenndy Hongo 763856 761221 763182 761294‎ ‎● Fred Okono 761221 764988 604490‎ ‎● Edwin Otieno 761221 761642 763011 701279‎ ‎1. This selection must be delivered by _______.‎ A. the Nairobe city government ‎ B. the police of the Nairobe Airport C. the organizer of the seminar ‎ D. Kennedy Hong, a detective ‎2. After reading this notice, visitors to Nairobe might gain an impression that _______.‎ A. Fred Okono and his fellow workmates are very kind and helpful B. Nairobe is a large city which is very developed C. the crime problem is very serious in the city of Nairobe D. they should not have paid a visit to Nairobe, and should buy a ticket back immediately ‎3. The notice tells us that _______.‎ A. something unpleasant could happen to you if you use a camera during the seminar B. ladies must not wear a handbag or any jewellery C. in the hotels of Nairobe, it might be dangerous to stay in a single room D. everything will be OK if you always watch out and are clear about the surroundings ‎【答案解析】本文告诉游客需要注意的8条安全问题。‎ ‎1. C。推断题。根据第 1 段 …you will stay and have a trouble-free seminar 可知是研讨会相关人员所发出的通知，由此可推知 C 为可选项。‎ ‎2. C。推断题。根据八条注意事项得知该城市的治安状况很差，所以 C 为正确答案。‎ ‎3. D。主旨题。根据However, if you observe the following simple guidelines you will stay and have a trouble-free seminar 可知本文是为保证人们安全所提出的一些注意事项，故选 D。‎ ‎(13)‎ For every 10 men who died in battle in the Civil War, two or three of them died of disease. Doctors of that time knew very little about causes of sickness or ways of preventing it. Thousands of men in poor health became soldiers. Hundreds of others had never had childhood diseases. Many of these soldiers could not withstand the epidemics(传染病)of measles(麻疹), mumps(肋腺炎), and whooping cough that went through the camps. ‎ Army life was hard. Soldiers got few fruits or vegetables. There was no milk unless they happened to find a cow. Neither their clothes nor their shelters protected the troops from rain, snow, and cold. Sickness and disease were spread by insects, rats, and impure drinking water. Often the men drank straight from muddy streams. ‎ Gunshot wounds were serious, as in any war, but they did not cause as much death and suffering as disease did. ‎ ‎1. Disease caused _______. ‎ A. only a few deaths B. fewer deaths than wounds did C. more deaths than wounds did D. both A and B ‎2. Doctors at the time of the Civil War knew _______. ‎ ‎ A. a lot about curing disease B. little about the causes of disease ‎ C. only how to prevent disease D. both B and C ‎3. Men who were accepted as Civil War soldiers were _______. ‎ ‎ A. known to have already had measles and mumps ‎ B. required to be in perfect health ‎ C. able to withstand epidemics easily ‎ D. sometimes in poor health ‎4. Insects and rats were dangerous because they _______. ‎ A. destroyed food B. carried disease C. made the water impure D. ruined the soldiers’ clothing ‎5. The best title for this selection is _______. ‎ ‎ A. Disease ‎ B. The Greatest Danger in the Civil War ‎ C. Insects, Rats, and Gunshot Wounds D. The History of Epidemics ‎【答案与解析】本文介绍了美国独立战争中最大的困难就是疾病。‎ ‎1. C。推断题。根据文章的首句、尾句及全文内容可推知此题答案为 C。‎ ‎2. B。细节题。根据文章第 1 段第 2 句 Doctors of that time knew very little about causes of sickness or ways of preventing it 可推知此题答案为 B。‎ ‎3. D。细节题。根据文章第 1 段第 3 句 Thousands of men in poor health became soldiers可推知此题答案为 D。‎ ‎4. B。细节题。根据文章第 2 段倒数第 2 句 Sickness and disease were spread by insects, rats, and impure drinking water 可推知此题答案为 B。‎ ‎5. B。主旨题。根据文章的最后一句 Gunshot wounds were serious, as in any war, but they did not cause as much death and suffering as disease did 及全文内容可推知此题答案为 B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(14)‎ Why must we pay taxes? The answer is that the government needs money for many things, for example to pay its soldiers, sailors and airmen, to build roads, bridges, offices, schools, etc and to buy goods from abroad; and only the people of the country can supply the money. One of the most important taxes is income-tax which a person pays according to the amount of his income-tax. Whether he is a businessman, a doctor, a lawyer, a shopkeeper, a miner, or anything else. This is called a “direct” tax, because it is paid in money direct to the government.‎ Another tax is paid on goods such as watches, jewellery, new clothes, tobacco, wine, etc, when they are brought into a country, such a tax is paid as part of the price of these goods if they are later sold in shops. We call it “indirect” tax, because it is paid indirectly through the shopkeeper.‎ People usually complain about having to pay taxes, but they forget that the ‎ money is spent on the things that they and their families need. We need policemen to catch thieves, to see that men obey the laws, to direct traffic, etc, and they must be paid what they earn; children need education and there must be schools and teachers; we want our streets to be kept clean, and the wages of men who do this kind of work have to be paid. Above all, the country must always be ready to defend itself against attacking enemies, and we cannot have an army without paying for it.‎ Taxes, therefore, cannot be avoided. We buy our own food and clothes and pay for our own amusements, but there are several things that the State finds the money for, and that are necessary for us if our society is to continue. So we have no real cause to complain when we are asked to supply money to be spent for the good of ourselves and for our fellow-citizens.‎ ‎1. Indirect tax means _______.‎ ‎ A. tax that one pays direct to the government ‎ ‎ B. tax that is not paid directly to the government C. tax that is paid as an extra amount added to the price of certain goods ‎ D. Both B and C ‎2. Which of the following is right?‎ ‎ A. Taxes are paid to the sellers. ‎ ‎ B. Income-tax is an indirect tax.‎ C. The tax on new clothes is paid in money direct to the government.‎ D. Tax is amount of money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services.‎ ‎3. People have no real reason to complain about having to pay taxes because _______.‎ A. some shopkeepers are very rich B. they need money to buy goods from abroad C. their children need education D. the money is spent on the things that they and their families need ‎4. “Taxes cannot be avoided” means _______.‎ ‎ A. people have to pay taxes to the government ‎ B. you do not have to pay tax on some goods ‎ ‎ C. soldiers do not have to pay taxes ‎ D. all goods have to be taxed ‎【答案与解析】本文介绍了政府纳税目的、用途，从而要求人们必须交税。‎ ‎1. D。推断题。根据文章第 2 段：这种税款不是直接交给政府，而是以商品价格的形式由商店老板代收代交，从而可推知此题答案为 D。‎ ‎2. D。推断题。根据文章第 1 段第 2 句 …for example to pay its soldiers, sailors and airmen, to build roads, bridges, offices, schools, etc and to buy goods from abroad 可推知此题答案为 D。‎ ‎3. D。推断题。根据文章第 3 段第 1 句 …the money is spent on the things that they and their families need 可推知此题答案为 D。‎ ‎4. A。推断题。根据文章倒数第 2 段的分析，可推知此题答案为 A。‎ ‎(15)‎ ‎ The Post Office in Britain is famous for getting letters and parcels to places to which they should be sent. The problem is that we the public have to observe the rules. For example, we must put a stamp on a letter. If we don’t, the receiver will have to pay double. We often see the sign ALL LETTERS MUST BE CORRECTLY ADDRESSED. These days, this means having to use postcodes. If you didn’t use a postcode, it’s no good complaining that your letter should have arrived sooner. Parcels are a problem because they must be correctly packaged. If Aunt Sophie is going to send you a jar of your favourite jam, she will have to wrap it up well. The most important thing we have to do is to address our letters and parcels legibly(易读) and correctly. This means clear handwriting and correct spelling. What we should do and what we actually do are often miles apart. Recently, the Post Office had to deliver a letter which showed a name followed by the word Arijaba. What is this, do you think? Arabic? Hiodustani(兴都斯坦语)? Wrong both times! Say it out loud and you’ll see it’s just plain English. HARWICH HARBOUR！‎ ‎1. In England _______ if you forget to put on a stamp. ‎ A. nobody can receive your letter B. you will have to give some money as a punishment C. you can’t have your letter posted D. you can still have your letter posted ‎2. If you didn’t use a postcode, _______. ‎ A. your letter couldn’t arrive soon B. your letter would be surely lost C. your letter could not be posted D. your letter would be sent back at last ‎3. When we post parcels, we must _______. ‎ A. address them correctly B. address them clearly C. package them correctly D. all of the above ‎4. From the passage we can see that postmen _______. ‎ A. have no difficulty in delivering any letters B. have difficulty in delivering mis-spelt letters C. won’t deliver any letters with bad handwriting D. can deliver all letters to their destinations(目的地)‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文为说明文，介绍了在邮局寄信和寄包裹应注意的事项。‎ ‎1. D。推断题。根据If we don’t, the receiver will have to pay double 可以知道收信人收到了没有贴邮票的信。‎ ‎2. A。推断题。根据If you didn’t use a postcode, it’s no good complaining(抱怨) that your letter should have arrived sooner 可知，没有写邮编的信到得比较迟。‎ ‎3. D。细节题。根据 …they must be correctly packaged. …address our letters and parcels legibly(易读) and correctly 可以知道，D项最全面，为最佳选择。‎ ‎4. B。推断题。根据最后两句所举的例子Arijaba…plain English. HARWICH HARBOUR），我们可以推断拼错地址的信肯定送起来很困难。‎