【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致讲与练学案（9页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致讲与练学案（9页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习主谓一致讲与练 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。 一、语法一致原则 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is （are） helpful to you. 2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意：（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come. （2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every more than a （an） ， many a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it. ‎ ‎3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.  4. either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 注意：（1）在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is （are） interesting. （2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has （have） been to America. 5. 在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people， police， cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of +‎ ‎ 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。 8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.  二、逻辑意义一致原则 逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。 1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag？ / Which are your bags？ / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is （are） left on the table. 5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news，‎ ‎ works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn‘t easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。  三、就近一致原则 在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. 当两个主语由either …… or， neither …… nor， whether …… or ……， not only …… but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right？ 2. there be句型be动词单复数取决其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。‎ 典题练习 ‎1. The old ____well looked after by the government in China. A. is B. are C. has been D. was 2. The secretary and manager ____very busy now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting. A. has B. have C. are D. was 4. Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party. ‎ A. was B. were C. have been D. had been 5. Either you or I _____going to the teachers‘ office after class. A. am B. is C. are D. will 6. Most of his spare time ____spent in reading. A. are B. were C. was D. have been 7. This is one of the best novels that ____appeared this year. A.have been B. has C. had been D. have 8. Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum. A.are B. is C. were D. have  9. About 20 percent of the work ____done yesterday. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. Mr Smith， together with his children， ____arrived. A.are B. has C. is D. have 11. It ____I who _____leaving for London. A.is…is B. am…is C. is…am D. am…am 12. Not only Tom but also his wife ____fond of watching television. A. are B. were C. be D. is 13. When and where to build the new factory ____yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest ______. A. are difficult B. has proved difficult ‎ C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult 15. That they were wrong in these matters _____ now clear to us all. A. is B. was C. are D. were 16. Half of his goods ____ stolen the other day. A. are B. were C. is D. was 17. Mathematics ____the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 18. Each of the students _____ a Chinese-English dictionary. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are 19. They each ____ a beautiful handkerchief. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are  20. Between the two rows of trees _____the teaching building. A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are 21. This pair of shoes ____made in Nanjing. A.is B. are C. have been D. had been 22. No one except my parents _____anything about it. A. know B. knows  C. is knowing D. have known 23. A number of students _____from the south. A. are B. is C. have D. has 24. The number of students from the north ____small. A.are B. is C. have D. has ‎ ‎25. Writing stories and articles _____what I enjoy most， A.is B. are C. was D. were 26. His “Selected Poems” _____first published in 1965. A.were B. was C. has been D. are 27. Miss Smith is a friend of ______. A. Mary‘s mother’s B. Mary‘s mother C. Mother’s of Mary D. Mary mother‘s 28. A good deal of money ____spent on books. A. have B. has C. have been D. has been 29. On the wall _____ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 30. _____turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves 31. Father went to his doctor for ____about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices 32. All but one ____here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were  33. The number of people invited _____fifty， but a number of them _____absent for different reasons. A. were； was B. was； was  C. was； were D. were； were 34. The air in big cities _____very dirty by factories. ‎ A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made 35. Nobody ____to smoke in the cinema. A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allowed 36. The Chinese people _____hard-working and brave. A. are B. is C. has been D. are being 37. ____can be done _____been done. A. All； have B. All that； have  C. All； has D. All that； has 38. John has two brothers， but either ____out of work now. A. are B. is C. has D. have 39. The police ____the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching 40. Apples of this kind ____. A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well 41. Your trousers ____dirty， you must have _____washed. A. is； it B. are； it C. are； them D. is； them 42. Where ____rubbish， there are flies. A. there are B. there is C. is D. there has  43. The Olympic Games ____held every ____years. ‎ A. is； four B. are； four C. is； five D. are； five 44. Many a man _____ come to help us. A. have B. has C. is D. are 45. He is the only one of the students who _____elected. A. are B. have C. has D. is 46. Three-fourths of the homework _____today. A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished 47. Those who ____ in ____compositions， please hand them in this afternoon. A. hasn‘t handed； his B. haven’t handed； their C.has handed； their D. have handed； his 48. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _____by their teacher. A. are praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising 49. The whole class _____the teacher attentively. A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening 50. The United States of America _____one of the most developed countries in the world. 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