【英语】2018届二轮复习完形填空专题训练　说明文3篇（含有解析）学案（10页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习完形填空专题训练　说明文3篇（含有解析）学案（10页）

‎2018届二轮复习 完形填空专题训练　说明文3篇 Laziness is a state of inaction. It is something that you do, not something that you are. Being lazy means you have no __1__ to do anything. Many people are __2__ themselves to be someone who is lazy. In this article, I am going to __3__ with you something that will help you see this state of inaction in a(n) __4__ way.‎ Lazy people are often seen as useless. __5__， are they really being lazy or are they acting lazy? Acting lazy is suggesting that your laziness is __6__. But being lazy suggests that it lasts long. Many people are not really lazy; they __7__ are people who are temporarily acting that way.‎ So what __8__ a person to be inactive? The answer is a lack of goals. If you give someone a good enough __9__ to do something, he will do it. People who don’t __10__ to do anything just haven’t found a good enough reason to do it. __11__ students don’t study because they don’t see the __12__ in studying. If you give them a reason, a strong enough reason, they will take __13__. For example, if you are too lazy to go to the gym, would you go if someone __14__ you a million dollars to go? If you are too lazy to clean out the garage, would someone __15__ a gun to your head help you take action? The reason can be positive or negative __16__ it is strong enough to help you take action.‎ The bottom line of knowing how to __17__ laziness comes down to finding enough reasons to take action. Action will __18__ success while inaction will result in __19__. To motivate someone who is lazy, what you need to do is help him find enough __20__ to work towards a certain goal.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了懒惰是一种无所事事的状态，然后分析了懒惰的原因，并提出了相应的改进措施。‎ ‎1．A.courage　　　　　　　 　B．question C．time D．motivation 解析：选D　根据文章最后一句中的“To motivate someone who is lazy”可推知，此处应选motivation，意为“动机，兴趣”。故选D。‎ ‎2．A.agreeing B．denying C．considering D．refusing 解析：选C　根据语境可知，许多人认为自己是个懒惰的人。consider sb.to be ...为固定用法，意为“认为某人是……”，符合句意。故选C。‎ ‎3．A.argue B．share C．compete D．compare 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示，“我”‎ 将与你分享一些东西帮助你认清这种不作为的状态。share with为固定搭配，意为“与……分享”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎4．A.different B．interesting C．ordinary D．primary 解析：选A　根据下文所讲的内容可知，此处表示“以不同的方式”与你分享。A项“不同的”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎5．A.Otherwise B．Besides C．However D．Therefore 解析：选C　根据语境可知，懒惰的人常常被认为一无是处。然而，他们是真的懒惰还是表现得懒惰呢？前后表示转折，且用逗号隔开，故应用转折副词however。故选C。‎ ‎6．A.correct B．false C．temporary D．inspirational 解析：选C　根据语境可知，不愿意做事表明你是一时懒惰，但是一直懒惰却表明懒惰是经常性的。由“But”一词可知，此处应与“lasts long”形成对比，且与下文“temporarily acting that way”照应。故此处应指“暂时的”，C项符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎7．A.simply B．occasionally C．often D．hardly 解析：选A　根据语境可知，许多人并不是真的懒惰，他们只是暂时想懒散一下罢了。此处与上文中的“really”形成对比。A项“只是”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎8．A.stops B．causes C．discourages D．demands 解析：选B　根据下文“The answer is a lack of goals.”可知，此处指的应该是其原因，即是什么让一个人变得不作为呢？B项意为“引起”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎9．A.worry B．gift C．fear D．purpose 解析：选D　上文说一个人不作为是因为缺乏目标，此处表示如果你给某个人足够明确的目标去做些事情，他一定会去做。D项“目标”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎10．A.want B．devote C．take D．come 解析：选A　根据语境可知，不想做事的人只是没有找到一个足够好的理由去做事。A项“想要”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎11．A.Hardworking B．Lazy C．Young D．Confused 解析：选B　根据上下文可知，不学习的学生应该是懒惰的学生。故选B。‎ ‎12．A.point B．success C．situation D．difficulty 解析：选A　根据语境可知，懒惰的学生不学习是因为他们没有看出学习的意义。the point in doing sth.“做某事的意义”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎13．A.part B．place C．action D．control 解析：选C　根据语境可知，如果你给他们一个理由，一个有足够说服力的理由，他们肯定会采取行动。此处与上文的“he will do it”相照应。take action为固定搭配，意为“采取行动”，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎14．A.lent B．owed C．borrowed D．offered 解析：选D　句意：比如，如果你太懒惰了以至于不想去体育馆，那么，有人主动给你一百万美元你愿意去吗？D项“主动提供”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎15．A.firing B．pointing C．shooting D．hiding 解析：选B　句意：如果你太懒惰了以至于不愿意清理车库，那么，有人拿枪指着你的头会让你采取行动吗？point ...to“把……指向……”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎16．A.so that B．as soon as C．in spite of D．as long as 解析：选D　根据语境可知，无论原因是积极主动的还是消极被动的，只要理由充分，就足以让你采取行动。D项“只要，如果”，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎17．A.win B．fight C．overcome D．ban 解析：选C　上文分析了懒惰的表现和原因，文章最后一段讲的是如何克服懒惰情绪。根据语境可知，此处应表示如何克服懒惰，归根结底是要找到足够的理由采取行动。C项“克服”，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎18．A.result from B．fight for C．ask for D．lead to 解析：选D　根据语境以及逻辑关系可知，行动会带来成功。D项“导致，引起”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎19．A.influence B．failure C．pressure D．happiness 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处应与上半句中的“success”形成对比，表示“不作为将会导致失败”。B项“失败”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎20．A.reasons B．money C．energy D．confidence 解析：选A　根据语境可知，为了激发懒惰的人，你需要做的就是帮助他找到足够的理由朝着目标奋斗。A项“理由”，在上文也多次出现，符合语境。故选A。‎ 二 Ecotourism involves people traveling to beautiful but environmental sensitive places. Such trips are __1__ carried out with an experienced guide. Over recent years, this type of travel has been steadily gaining __2__ as more people search for new travel experiences.‎ Ecotourism has many benefits. First, all the __3__ spent by the tourists is used to __4__ the important environmental spots they visit. Second, it helps __5__ to better understand the environment, thereby __6__ their knowledge of the world. Furthermore, this style of travel is also more __7__ of the local culture.‎ Compared to __8__ tourists, ecotourists use energy more efficiently, save water and produce less rubbish by finding ways to __9__ it. These behaviours have a __10__ and lasting effect on the local environment.‎ Two things are needed to make ecotourism a(n)__11__. First, it should be done in small groups. And second, because it requires considerable effort, both ecotourists and locals must be __12__ in their commitment to improving the environment.‎ Green travel provides local people with jobs in parks, __13__ and shops. One great achievement of ecotourism has been the __14__ of illegal hunting. Former hunters can now work as guides to help keep the animals __15__ in their natural surroundings. Green travel also __16__ local people’s quality of life, especially children’s.‎ Peru is one country using ecotourism to promote respect for the __17__. It’s now able to take better care of its rainforests because of a(n) __18__ on more sustainable (可持续的) travel. __19__ this, local people’s livingstandards have improved. Many others are now following Peru’s __20__ and using ecotourism to preserve their environment for the future generations.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。近几年生态旅游越来越受到大家的青睐，文章重点说明了生态游的好处。‎ ‎1．A.finally B．usually C．suddenly D．roughly 解析：选B　根据空处所在句子及下文语境可知，这样的旅行通常在有经验的导游的帮助下进行。故B项正确。‎ ‎2．A.pleasure B．satisfaction C．popularity D．freedom 解析：选C　根据下文“more people search for new travel experiences”可知，更多的人寻求新的旅游体验，所以这种旅行受到大家的欢迎。故C项正确。‎ ‎3．A.money B．time C．energy D．effort 解析：选A　根据下文“spent by the tourists is used to __4__ the important environmental spots they visit”可知，游客所花的钱被用于重要的生态景点。故A项正确。‎ ‎4．A.pollute B．protect C．purchase D．explore 解析：选B　根据语境并结合选项可知，游客所花的钱被用来保护生态景点。故B项正确。‎ ‎5．A.scientists B．hunters C．guides D．visitors 解析：选D　根据常识可知，生态旅游应该是有助于游客更好地了解自然环境。故D项正确。‎ ‎6．A.approving B．confirming C．enriching D．supporting 解析：选C　根据上文“better understand the environment, thereby”可知，生态旅游帮助游客更好地了解自然环境，因此能够丰富他们的知识。故C项正确。‎ ‎7．A.respectful B．aware C．uncertain D．independent 解析：选A　根据上文可知，生态游帮助游客了解、保护自然环境，对当地的文化也是一种尊重。A项“尊敬的”；B项“意识到的，知晓的”；C项“不确信的”；D项“独立的”。故A项正确。‎ ‎8．A.rich B．curious C．lazy D．normal 解析：选D　根据空格前的“Compared to”及语境可知，此处指与一般的游客相比，生态游游客能更有效地使用资源、节约用水等。故D项正确。‎ ‎9．A.use B．recycle C．copy D．restrict 解析：选B　根据语境可知，他们想办法循环利用资源，目的是减少垃圾的产生。故B项正确。‎ ‎10．A.challenging B．disappointing C．positive D．risky 解析：选C　根据上文及空格后的“lasting effect on the local environment”可知，这些行为对当地环境有积极持久的影响。故C项正确。‎ ‎11．A.success B．adventure C．tool D．symbol 解析：选A　根据下文提到的两点可知，人们需要做到这两点才会让生态游成功。故A项正确。‎ ‎12．A.polite B．sincere C．doubtful D．grateful 解析：选B　根据下文“their commitment to improving the environment”可知，生态游游客和当地居民必须承诺在改善环境方面能够真诚。故B项正确。‎ ‎13．A.mines B．factories C．schools D．hotels 解析：选D　根据常识并结合选项可知，生态旅游给当地人提供了在公园、宾馆和商店工作的机会。故D项正确。‎ ‎14．A.ban B．result C．decline D．appearance 解析：选C　本段列举了生态旅游的好处。根据下文“Former hunters can now work as guides”可知，以前的狩猎者现在可以做导游，所以生态游的一个成就就是非法狩猎行为有所减少。故C项正确。‎ ‎15．A.close B．safe C．friendly D．active 解析：选B　根据上文可知，生态游使非法狩猎行为减少了，以前的狩猎者现在做了导游，这样有助于保证动物的安全。故B项正确。‎ ‎16．A.influences B．examines C．balances D．improves 解析：选D　根据最后一段19空后的“local people’s livingstandards have improved”可知，生态旅游也可以提升当地居民的生活质量。故D项正确。‎ ‎17．A.environment B．law C．economy D．hosts 解析：选A　根据下文“following Peru’s __20__ and using ecotourism to preserve their environment”可知，此处指提升对环境的尊重意识。故A项正确。‎ ‎18．A.effect B．theory C．focus D．discussion 解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处指秘鲁将重点放在可持续旅游上。故C项正确。‎ ‎19．A.But for B．According to C．In spite of D．In addition to 解析：‎ 选D　根据语境可知，此处指除了能更好地保护雨林之外，生态游还有一个优势，即提高了当地人的生活水平。故D项正确。‎ ‎20．A.example B．rule C．advice D．tradition 解析：选A　根据语境可知，此处指许多国家都效仿秘鲁，利用生态游保护环境。follow one’s example“仿效某人”，符合语境。故A项正确。‎ 三 If someone says you are smart, what do they mean? Is it a good thing or something bad? The __1__ is not as easy as you might think. This is __2__ the word smart has many meanings. __3__， someone could say you look smart or are __4__ smartly. That means they like what you are wearing and your physical __5__. To use a slang expression, they could say, “You look __6__ cool！”‎ But if something smarts, it can be __7__ or hurtful, either physically or mentally. If you accidentally trip over (绊倒) a chair and __8__， you might shout, “Ow! That smarts！” Or if a friend says something that __9__ your feelings, you can say you are smarting from the upsetting __10__.‎ If you are standing too close to a campfire, you could say your eyes are smarting from the smoke of the fire. Here the word “smarting” means a sharp __11__. But the most common meaning of smart is to be __12__. If someone is smart as a whip, they have the __13__ to think very quickly.‎ People have __14__ ways of being smart. Some people are __15__ as street smart. They may not have a good education. But they are __16__ in dealing with people and problems in the real world. Other people might be book smart. This means they have spent many years in school. But when dealing with people or problems __17__ existing in our world they may not be so smart.‎ And then there is another __18__ of smart that means to talk or behave disrespectfully. If you say something disrespectful to your parents, they might __19__， “Don’t get smart with me！” Here, “smart” means to show a __20__ of respect by saying something mean.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如果有人说你很“smart”，你是否知道他们的真实意思？这是一件好事还是坏事？答案可不像你想象的那么简单，因为“smart”一词有很多的意思。‎ ‎1．A.question B．answer C．meaning D．choice 解析：选B　此处指对文章开头前两句的问题的回答(answer)。‎ ‎2．A.why B．where C．how D．because 解析：‎ 选D　根据语境可知，上下文之间是因果关系，此处指这是因为(because)“smart”一词有很多的意思。‎ ‎3．A.For example B．In fact C．At least D．After all 解析：选A　下文中的“someone could say you look smart or ...”是作者举的例子。故for example“例如”，符合语境。‎ ‎4．A.born B．educated C．dressed D．treated 解析：选C　根据下文中的“they like what you are wearing”可知此处应选用与衣着相关的“dressed”。‎ ‎5．A.appearance B．fitness C．potential D．performance 解析：选A　根据上文中的“say you look smart”并结合语境可知，此处指的是他们喜欢你的穿着和外表。appearance“外观，外表”。‎ ‎6．A.hopefully B．casually C．absolutely D．immediately 解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处指的是你看起来确确实实(absolutely)很酷。‎ ‎7．A.attractive B．special C．novel D．unkind 解析：选D　根据空后的“hurtful”可知，此处填的词在感情色彩上应与hurtful一致，故unkind“不友好的”符合语境。‎ ‎8．A.settle down B．lie down C．fall down D．slow down 解析：选C　如果你不小心被椅子绊倒了，你可能会大喊：“噢！真疼啊！”fall down“摔倒”，符合语境。‎ ‎9．A.hurts B．expresses C．matches D．affects 解析：选A　根据上文中的“if something smarts ...hurtful”及下文中的“upsetting”可知，此处指如果你的朋友说了些伤害你的感情的话。hurt one’s feelings为固定搭配，意为“伤害某人的感情”。‎ ‎10．A.incidents B．comments C．reactions D．attitudes 解析：选B　根据语境可知，这里应填与上文中的“say”相关的名词。comment“意见，评论”，符合语境。‎ ‎11．A.turn B．change C．pain D．decline 解析：选C　根据本段第一句可知，“smarting”在句中意为“剧烈的疼痛(pain)”。‎ ‎12．A.pretty B．neat C．intelligent D．fashionable 解析：选C　根据上文中的“the most common meaning”并结合下文“think very quickly”和平时所掌握的知识可知，intelligent“聪明的”符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.desire B．opportunity C．willingness D．ability 解析：选D　根据上下文语境可知，此处指的是如果某人很聪明的话，他的思维会很敏捷。have the ability to do sth.“有能力做某事”。‎ ‎14．A.effective B．different C．personal D．creative 解析：选B　根据下文中的“Some people ...” “Other people ...”可知，different“不同的”符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.considered B．praised C．expected D．known 解析：选A　此处指有些人被认为(considered)有“街头智慧”。‎ ‎16．A.involved B．interested C．fortunate D．expert 解析：选D　由本句中的“But”可知，前后两句为转折关系，句意：被认为有街头智慧的人也许没上过多少学，但他们很擅长与现实生活中的人打交道和处理现实世界中的问题。expert“熟练的，内行的”，符合语境。‎ ‎17．A.actually B．seemingly C．generally D．particularly 解析：选A　由本句中的“But”可知，这里表示上了很多年学的人在应对实实在在存在于我们世界中的人或问题时，可能就不那么聪明了。actually“实际上，的确”，符合语境。‎ ‎18．A.possibility B．matter C．definition D．prediction 解析：选C　根据下文中的“that means ...”可知此处说的是smart的另一个定义(definition)。‎ ‎19．A.complain B．warn C．beg D．persuade 解析：选B　如果你说一些不尊重父母的话，他们可能会告诫道：“别跟我耍小聪明！”warn“警告，告诫”，符合语境。C项和D项的感情色彩与语境不符。‎ ‎20．A.lack B．sense C．limit D．demand 解析：选A　由上文的“disrespectful”可知，在这里“smart”意味着对别人缺乏尊重。a lack of“缺乏”，符合语境。‎