2019届一轮复习北师大版必修七Unit20NewFrontiers单元学案设计（46页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习北师大版必修七Unit20NewFrontiers单元学案设计（46页word解析版）

‎2019届一轮复习北师大版必修七Unit 20New Frontiers单元学案设计 ‎[一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．software n．软件　　　　　　 　 2.radiation n．放射；辐射 ‎3．emotional adj.情感(上)的 4.settler n．移民；殖民者 ‎5．enterprise n．事业；企业 6.participant n．参加者 ‎7．souvenir n．纪念品 8.dilemma n．困境，进退两难的窘境 ‎9．press vt.按；压 10.headline n．大标题 ‎11．permanent adj.长久的，永久的 12.original adj.起初的；最早的 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．cure vt.治愈 2.conflict n．争执；冲突 ‎3．shortly adv.不久；很快 4.correspond v. 通信 ‎5．declare v．宣布；声明 6.rescue vt.拯救，救援 ‎7．phenomenon n．现象 8.invest vt.投资 ‎9．meanwhile adv.同时 10.latter adj.较后的 n．后者 ‎11．download vt.下载 12.update vt.更新 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助→assistant n．助手；助理 ‎*2.technical adj.技术上的→technique n．技术→technology n．工艺，技术 ‎3.starvation n．饥饿→starve v．挨饿 ‎4.equality n．平等→equal adj.平等的v.等于 ‎5.assess vt.评价；评估→assessment n．评价；评估 ‎*6.donate vt.捐赠；赠送→donation n．捐赠；赠送→donor n．捐赠者 ‎7.electronic adj.电子的→electric adj.电的；电动的→electrical adj.电的；电气科学的 ‎8.poison n．毒药；毒物→poisonous adj.有毒的 ‎*9.permit vt.允许；准许；许可→permission n．允许；准许 ‎*10.explore vt.探测；探险→exploration n．探测；探险→explorer n．探险者 ‎11.instruct v．教导；指导→instructor n．指导者，教练→instruction n．指导 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Many scientists are making great efforts to explore the Moon and other planets.Their exploration may change our future.‎ ‎2．On hearing the brave girl's disease, local people lined up to donate blood for her, and their donation has saved her life.‎ ‎3．The typist learned the technique of typing in that technical school.‎ ‎4．Her father would not permit her to drive alone even though she had got her driving permit. Without her father's permission,_she had to go out by bus or on a bike.‎ ‎5．I have a teaching assistant,_who is a new graduate. He always ‎ assists me to adjust hearing equipment. He also comes to my assistance when I have trouble with my computer.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．biotechnology /ˌbaɪəʊtek'nɒlədʒi/ n． 生物科技 ‎2．transplant /træns'plɑːnt/ n．& vt. 移植 ‎3．clone /kləʊn/ vt.& vi. 克隆 ‎4．technological innovation 科技创新 ‎5．new frontier 新领域 ‎6．3D technology 3D技术 ‎7．digital technology 数字技术 ‎8．artificial intelligence 人工智能 ‎9．new and high technology industry 高新技术产业 ‎10．testtube baby 试管婴儿 ‎11．GMF＝genetically modified food 转基因食品 ‎12．Internet /'ɪntənet/ n. 互联网 ‎13．accelerate /ək'seləreɪt/ vt.& vi. 加速 ‎14．sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 ‎15．energy crisis 能源危机 ‎16．depletion of resources 能源消耗 ‎17．advanced science 尖端科学 ‎18．scientific invention 科学发明 ‎19．sustainable development 可持续发展 ‎20．portable /'pɔːtəbl/ adj. 便携的 ‎21．innovative /'ɪnəveɪtɪv/ adj. 创新的 ‎22．cuttingedge /'kʌtɪŋ'edʒ/ adj. 尖端的 ‎23．costeffective /kɒstɪ'fektɪv/ adj. 性价比高的 ‎24．scientific exploration 科学探索 ‎25．substitute /'sʌbstɪtjuːt/ v. 取代 ‎26．astronomy /ə'strɔnəmɪ/ n. 天文学 ‎27．milestone /'maɪlstəʊn/ n. 里程碑 ‎28．alternative fuel 可替代燃料 ‎29．astronaut /'æstrənɔːt/ n. 宇航员 ‎30．astronomer /ə'strɒnəmə/ n. 天文学家 ‎31．planet /'plænIt/ n. 行星 ‎32．telescope /'telIskəʊp/ n. 望远镜 ‎33．universe /'juːnIvзːs/ n. 宇宙 ‎34．globe /gləʊb/ n． 地球仪，地球 ‎35．gravity /'grævItI/ n． 重力，地球引力 ‎36．orbit /'ɔːbIt/ n． (天体等的)运行轨道,‎ ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎ [课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.in_advance提前，预先　 　　　 　*2.take_over接收，接管 ‎*3.give_away泄露(秘密)；赠送 4.carry_out开展；执行 ‎5．due_to由于；因为 *6.make_up_for弥补 ‎*7.rather_than而不是 8.in_conclusion总之 ‎9．not_to_mention更不用说 *10.figure_out想出；理解；计算出 ‎*11.get_across使理解；把……讲清楚 　12.be_dedicated_to致力于；献身于 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．We can't figure_out why quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.‎ ‎2．Under our teacher's careful guidance, we finished our homework in_advance.‎ ‎3．She plans to give_away almost all of her money during her lifetime.‎ ‎4．We are convinced that Anne went by train rather_than by plane.‎ ‎5．I don't believe that “technology” can take_over our lives — unless we choose to let it.‎ ‎6．Your papers wouldn't get_across if you used too many technical terms in it.‎ ‎7．He wanted to make_up_for the time he had so stupidly wasted.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．make people's life easier 　 使人们生活更方便 ‎2．make progress 取得进步 ‎3．be addicted to/be obsessed with 对……着迷/上瘾 ‎4．technological progress/advances 科技进步 ‎5．be accessible to 容易获得的 ‎6．with the advent of 随着……的到来 ‎7．pay a heavy price for sth. 为……付出惨痛的代价 ‎8．a sense of national pride 民族自豪感 ‎9．have an influence on 对……造成影响 ‎10．compared to/with ... 与……相比 ‎11．new and high technology industry 高新技术产业 ‎12．household robot 家用机器人 ‎13．industrial robot 工业机器人 ‎14．intelligent terminal 智能终端 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．“by＋时间点”常与完成时连用 ‎[例句]　By the year 2015, the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.‎ ‎[仿写]　到下学期末，我们将会学到3 000个单词。‎ We will_have_learned 3,000 words by the end of next term.‎ ‎2．be doing ... when ... “正在……这时……”‎ ‎[例句]　In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was rocking his oneyearold baby when he was suddenly inspired.‎ ‎[仿写]　我正在全神贯注地读一本书，忽然一位老友来访。‎ I was_reading_a_book attentively when an old friend came to see me.‎ ‎3．There's no doubt about ... “毫无疑问……”‎ ‎[例句]　There is no doubt about it.‎ ‎[仿写]　毫无疑问，那些努力学习的人会很容易通过考试。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that those working hard can pass the exam easily.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．In fact, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being.‎ 事实上，我们对宇宙了解很少，甚至不明白它是如何形成的。‎ ‎2．It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.‎ 毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。‎ ‎3．In the last decades, it is advances in medical technology that have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.‎ 在过去的几十年间，是医疗技术的进步使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Jack is a specialist in treating skin cancer, whose wish is to rescue patients from the disease.The development of science and technology has made it possible for him to figure out the problem about how to cure people of the disease, which he had been wrestling with all the time. Then he corresponded with his friend; meanwhile he invited him to join in the research. His friend congratulated him and decided to assist him. There was no doubt that taking advantage of science and technology can make the method more effective.‎ 杰克是治疗皮肤癌的专家，他的愿望就是把病人从这种病中拯救出来。科学和技术的发展使他一直致力于的关于如何治愈人们这种疾病的难题得到解决成为可能。他跟他的朋友通信，同时邀请他加入到这个项目的研究中来。他的朋友向他表示祝贺并决定帮助他。毫无疑问，利用科技的优势会使这种方法更有效。‎ ‎[第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．assist vt.帮助；协助 ‎[高考佳句]　I'd like to invite you to join us in assisting the elderly people there.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文) ‎ 我想邀请你和我们一起去帮助那里的老人。‎ ‎(1)assist sb. with sth.　　　　　 帮助某人某事 assist sb. to do/in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 ‎(2)assistance n．[U] 帮助 with the assistance of 在……的帮助下 come to one's assistance 帮助某人 ‎(3)assistant n．[C] 助手；助理；助教；店员 ‎①I'd appreciate it if you could assist me to finish the experiment.‎ ‎＝I'd appreciate it if you could assist_me_in_finishing the experiment.‎ 如果你能帮我完成这项实验我将非常感谢。‎ ‎②Nobody is more concerned about us than our parents, who are ‎ willing to come_to_our_assistance whenever we are in trouble.‎ 没有人比我们的父母更关心我们，无论何时我们有困难他们总会乐于帮助我们。‎ ‎2．conflict n．争执；冲突 vi.冲突；争执；抵触 ‎[教材原句]　There will therefore no longer be any conflict and people will be able to live together in peace and equality.‎ 所以将不会再有任何冲突，人们将能够在和平与平等中生活在一起。‎ ‎(1)come into conflict with　　 与……争执/冲突 in conflict 处于矛盾中 in conflict with 与……冲突 ‎(2)conflict with 与……抵触/冲突 ‎①For another, fashion is an essential part of our life which doesn't conflict_with our studies.(2014·上海高考满分作文)‎ 另一方面，时尚是我们生活中的重要组成部分，它与我们的学习并不冲突。‎ ‎②True economic theories will never come_into_conflict_with the highest moral and ethical standards. ‎ 真正的经济学理论，决不会同最高的伦理道德准则产生冲突。‎ ‎③She found herself in_conflict_with her parents over her marriage.‎ 她发现自己在婚姻的问题上与父母存在着分歧。‎ ‎3．rescue vt.& n．拯救；救援 ‎[高考佳句]　I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014·浙江高考单选)‎ 直到五年级的时候我才成为一名真正的登山爱好者，当时我去树上拿卡在树枝里的风筝。‎ ‎(1)从……救出某人/某物 ‎(2)come/go to sb.'s rescue 援救某人 ‎①They waited for someone to rescue them from their sufferings.‎ 他们等待有那么一个人能够将他们从磨难中拯救出来。‎ ‎②The victims in the big earthquake can always depend on the police to come_to_their_rescue.‎ 地震中的遇难者们总是可以指望警察来营救他们。‎ ‎4．donate vt.捐赠；赠送 ‎[教材原句]　Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones.‎ 医学的进步包括从显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官这样的外科手术过程。‎ ‎(1)donate sth.to sb.　　　　　　　 向某人捐献某物 ‎(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物；捐款 give/make a donation to ... 向……捐赠 ‎(3)donor n. 捐赠者，赠送者 ‎①Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.(江苏高考书面表达)‎ 给需要的孩子们捐些书和体育用品要比空喊口号要有意义。‎ ‎②I was inspired to make a donation_ (donate) to the organization immediately after the dinner. ‎ 这让我很受鼓舞，宴会一结束，我便为该组织捐款。‎ ‎5．correspond vi.与……通信；符合 ‎[高考佳句]　Have you been corresponding with him since you graduated from the university? (2014·江西高考满分作文)‎ 自从大学毕业后，你一直和他通信吗？‎ ‎(1)correspond with sb.　　　　 和某人通信 correspond to/with sth. 与某物相一致 ‎(2)correspondence n. 　　 相符，一致；和……有通信联系 in correspondence with 与……一致；与……有通信联系 ‎①It's a coincidence that your account of events corresponds_with hers.‎ 真是巧合，你说的情况和她说的一致。‎ ‎②What she says isn't in_correspondence_with what she does.‎ 她说的和做的不一致。‎ ‎6．cure vt.治愈，治好 n．疗法；治疗 ‎[教材原句]　During the Second World War, when Fleming's discovery was first helping to cure people, the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.‎ 第二次世界大战期间，当弗莱明的发现首先帮助治愈人们的时候，美国海军正在致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。‎ cure sb. of sth.　　 治好某人的病； 改掉某人的(坏)习惯 a cure for sth. 疾病的治疗方法 ‎①I want to cure him of a bad habit he has been developing for years.‎ 我想根治一个他养成多年的坏习惯。‎ ‎②He has devoted most of his time and energy to finding a cure for the disease.‎ 他把大部分时间和精力都花在寻找这种疾病的治疗方法上了。‎ ‎7．permit vt.& vi.允许；准许；许可 n．许可，准许；通行证 ‎[教材原句]　You are not permitted to work if you are on a student visa.‎ 如果你持有学生签证，你就不被允许工作。‎ ‎(1)permit sb.to do sth.　　　　　 允许某人做某事 permit (sb.'s) doing sth. 允许(某人)做某事 ‎(2)permission n. 许可，允许 get/obtain/ask one's permission 征得某人的同意/许可 ask for permission 请求允许 give permission 给予许可 without permission 未经许可 ‎①You should know that no photos are to be taken of the exhibits without permission (permit)．‎ 你应该知道未经许可不能给展览品拍照。‎ ‎②The rules of the school do not permit parking (park) near the school gate.‎ 校规不允许在校门附近停车。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)permit常用于permit sb. to do sth.和permit doing sth.结构中。有类似用法的动词还有allow, advise, forbid等。‎ ‎(2)permission与permit都可用作名词。permission表示口头允许；permit表示书面的通行证、许可证。‎ ‎8．declare v．宣告，宣布；声明，表明；宣称；断言 ‎[经典例句]　The United States declared its independence from Britain in 1776.(朗文P523)‎ 美国于1776年正式宣布脱离英国而独立。‎ declare for/against　　 　 　 声明赞成/反对 declare war on/against 向……宣战 declare that ... 宣布/宣告……‎ declare sb./sth. (to be) ... 宣布/声称某人/某物是……‎ ‎①The managers will declare their arguments against the plan next week.‎ 经理们将在下周宣布他们反对这项计划的理由。‎ ‎②In 1941, Britain and the United States declared_war_on/against Japan and the Pacific War started.‎ ‎1941年，英国和美国对日宣战，太平洋战争爆发。‎ ‎③The President declared climate change_to_be (be) the main threat of this century.‎ 总统宣布气候变化将会是本世纪最大的威胁。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．dilemma n．困境，进退两难的窘境 补全句子 ‎①I am in_a_dilemma (处于进退两难的境地) whether to do maths or English.‎ ‎②New graduates often face_a_dilemma (面临两难境地) between a high salary and career development.‎ ‎③After five years' hard work, they finally got_out_of_a_dilemma ‎ (走出了困境)．‎ ‎2．latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的 n．后者 补全句子 ‎①The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are famous in China; the former is known as Mother River, the_latter_is_the_longest_river_in_China (后者是中国最长的河流)．‎ ‎②He came up with two solutions. The_latter_seemed_better_than_the_former (后者似乎比前者好)．‎ ‎3．meanwhile adv.同时；期间 补全句子 ‎①After supper, the people went to appreciate the moon, and_in_the_meanwhile (在此期间), they ate mooncakes.‎ ‎②Cook the sauce over a medium heat until it thickens. Meanwhile (同时) start boiling the water for the pasta.‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Hardly can anyone achieve success in his career without the assistance (assist) of his colleagues and partners.‎ ‎2．The whole family were rescued from the fire last night.‎ ‎3．You can make a donation (donate) via the China Soong Ching Ling Foundation, which will ensure all money will be promptly delivered to disaster areas. ‎ ‎4．I have been in correspondence with her for years.‎ ‎5．Parents try to cure their children of bad habits but most of them fail.‎ ‎6．We don't permit smoking (smoke) in public places from now on.‎ ‎7．You buy the fruits. In the meanwhile, I'll cook breakfast.‎ ‎8．In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.‎ ‎9．Life decided that I needed to slow down, as our schedule is always_in conflict with the changes of life.‎ ‎10．The French and British government declared war on Libya in 2011 and they won it nine months later.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The study will assist on evaluating the impact of recent changes.on→in ‎2．To help the poor children return to school, the government calls on the public to make donation of money to them.make后加_a或_donation→donations ‎3．It's a coincidence that your account of events is in correspondence to hers.to→with ‎4．Passengers are permitted carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.carry前加to ‎5．The scientists hope to break through soon in the research so as to cure you for your cancer. for→of ‎6．Time permits, I'll see you after the meeting.permits→permitting Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)‎ ‎1．He has devoted most of his time and energy to finding a_cure_for_the_disease (治愈那种疾病的方法)．‎ ‎2．With_the_assistance_of_my_best_friend (在我最好的朋友的帮助下), I realized my dream.‎ ‎3．Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of books ‎ was_donated_to (捐赠给) the rural schools.‎ ‎4．The next programme starts in five minutes; in_the_meanwhile (在此期间), here's some music.‎ ‎5．France was the first country to declare_war_on (向……宣战) Libya.‎ ‎6．她经常帮助我弟弟学英语，这有助于他英语水平的大大提高。‎ ‎①She often assists_my_brother_with_English,_which helps him improve his English greatly.(assist sb.with)‎ ‎②She often assists_my_brother_to_study_English,_which helps him improve his English greatly.(assist sb. to do)‎ ‎③She often assists_my_brother_in_studying_English,_which helps him improve his English greatly.(assist sb. in doing)‎ ‎7．她仍与9年前结识的美国朋友们通信。‎ ‎①She still_corresponds_with American friends she met nine years ago.(correspond)‎ ‎②She is_still_in_correspondence_with American friends she met nine years ago.(correspondence)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．in advance＝ahead of time/schedule 提前， 预先 ‎[高考佳句]　To catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.(2015·北京高考单选)‎ 为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早。‎ in advance of　　　　　　　　　 在……前面；超前 advance on/upon/towards 朝……前进 advanced adj. 高级的；先进的 ‎①Having shown you around our school, we will introduce our most advanced (advance) science lab to you.‎ 已经领你参观了我们学校，我们将给你们介绍一下最先进的科学实验室。‎ ‎②I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in_advance_of the date whether or not you will come.‎ 如果你让我提前知道你是否来我会非常感激。‎ ‎③He advanced_on/upon/towards me in a threatening manner and I felt a little frightened.‎ 他以威胁的姿态向我走来，我有点儿害怕。‎ ‎2．take over接收，接管，接任 ‎[教材原句]　His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.‎ 他在公司里投资的唯一理由就是接管它。‎ take in　　　　　　 吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗 take off 脱去(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；成功 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take up 拿起；着手处理；占据(时间、空间等)‎ take back 收回，拿回；收回前言 take down 写下；记下 take apart 拆卸 ‎①As your strength grows, you can take_on bigger challenges. ‎ 当你的能力增长了，你就可以接受更大的挑战。‎ ‎②Internet shopping will take_off when people make sure that it is ‎ safe.‎ 当人们确信了网购的安全性时，它就会有大发展。‎ ‎③Only students skilful at swimming can take_up this activity.‎ 只有擅长游泳的学生才可以参加这项活动。‎ ‎3．By_the_year_2015,_the clothing industry will_have_produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.‎ 到2015年，服装业将生产出一种新型布料，无论你将什么东西洒在上面都不会留下污渍。‎ by the year 2015是“by＋时间点”构成的介词短语，表示“到……时候”。它通常在完成时态的句子中作时间状语，有以下两种情况：‎ ‎(1)by＋表示将来的时间点，句子谓语动词常用将来完成时，表示将来某一时间已经完成的动作。‎ ‎①By four o'clock tomorrow afternoon, I will_have_finished (finish) all the work.‎ 到明天下午4点，我会干完所有的活儿。‎ ‎(2)by＋表示过去的时间点，句子谓语动词常用过去完成时，表示到过去某一时间已经完成的动作。‎ ‎②He said he had_waited (wait) for two hours by the time we got there.‎ 他说我们到那里的时候他已经等了两个小时。‎ ‎4．There_is_no_doubt_about it.‎ 关于这一点是毫无疑问的。‎ There is no doubt about ...是一个常用句型，意为“毫无疑问……，不用怀疑……”。‎ There is no doubt that ...　　　　 毫无疑问……‎ There is some doubt whether ... 是否……还有疑问 ‎①There_is_no_doubt_about China's ability to deal with some emergencies.‎ 对中国政府处理紧急事情的能力我们深信不疑。‎ ‎②There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming. ‎ 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。‎ ‎③There is some doubt whether he can win the first prize.‎ 他是否能赢得一等奖还有些疑问。‎ ‎[名师点津]　doubt在肯定句中后接whether/if引导的宾语从句(若doubt是名词，则只能接whether引导的同位语从句)；在疑问句和否定句中其后接that从句。‎ ‎④Fred doesn't doubt that he will rank first in the final.‎ 弗莱德相信他会在决赛中获得第一名。‎ ‎⑤I really doubt whether/if he will be elected.‎ 我的确怀疑他是否能当选。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.用advance短语填空(in advance of/in advance/advance on)‎ ‎1．More than 3.3 million Iraqis have fled the countryside to advance_on the city.‎ ‎2．People were retreated from the coastal regions in_advance_of the hurricane.‎ ‎3．Unless there is an emergency, travel plans should be made well in_advance.‎ Ⅱ.用take短语完成下面语段(take off/take over/take on/take in)‎ 从父亲那里接管过这个公司之后，他吸收了一些先进的理念，雇用了一些娴熟的技术工人，这预示着他的公司即将腾飞。‎ After 1.taking_over the company from his father, he 2.took_in some advanced ideas and 3.took_on some skilful workers, which suggests that his company will 4.take_off soon.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换/补全句子 ‎1．If you can make a plan for your study ahead of schedule, you are to perform better.‎ ‎→If you can make a plan for your study in advance,_you are to perform better.‎ ‎2．Wherever you go, I will be right here waiting for you.‎ ‎→No matter where you go, I will be right here waiting for you.‎ ‎3．到铃声响起时，我们就会已经在实验室里完成这个实验了。‎ By the time the bell rings, we will_have_finished_the_experiment in the lab.‎ ‎4．毫无疑问，因特网使交流更容易了，也有助于我们跟上最新的信息步伐。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that the Internet makes communication easier and helps us keep up with the latest information.‎ ‎5．他是否会提前付款还有一些怀疑。‎ There_is_much_doubt_whether he will pay in advance.‎ ‎6．杰克从英国回国的时候，他的儿子已经从大学毕业了。‎ By the time Jack returned home from England, his_son_had_graduated_from_college.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 declare， conflict， assist， assessment， there is no doubt that， starvation， donation， make up for， primitive ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①一天下午我正在做作业这时听到政府公布了损失评估。‎ One afternoon I was doing homework and at this time the government declared_the_assessment_of_the_losses.‎ ‎②源源不断的捐款被送到了灾区来帮助那些处于饥饿状态的人们。‎ Constant_donation was sent to the disasterhit area to assist_the_people_in_starvation.‎ ‎③毫无疑问，人们在灾难面前表现出的这种大爱可以弥补一切矛盾和隔阂。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that the great love shown in the face of disaster can make_up_for_all_the_conflicts_and_estrangement.‎ ‎④人与人之间重新建立起来的这种原始的、朴素的情感会激励我们奋发有为。‎ The_primitive,_simple_emotion set up among people will inspire us to be enthusiastic and press on.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 用“be doing ... when ...”句型升级句①‎ One_afternoon_I_was_doing_homework_when_the_government_declared_the_assessment_of_the_losses.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：then, meanwhile)‎ One afternoon I was doing homework when the government declared the assessment of the losses. Then constant donation was sent to ‎ the disasterhit area to assist the people in starvation. There is no doubt that the great love shown in the face of disaster can make up for all the conflicts and estrangement. Meanwhile, the primitive, simple emotion set up among people will inspire us to be enthusiastic and press on.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——含有状语从句的复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 当我把礼品卡递给他，说他可以用这张卡为家人购买生活必需品时，他激动地放声哭起来。‎ 课文长难句 Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place.‎ 本句为含有状语从句的复合句。主句是the world ... would have been a completely different place; as we know it today为方式状语从句；whether lucky or planned为省略的让步状语从句；Without the breakthroughs ... and technology为without短语作含蓄虚拟条件。‎ 真题长难句 When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst into tears.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 本句为含有状语从句的复合句。主句是he burst into tears; When I handed him the gift card是状语从句；saying he could ...might ‎ need是现在分词短语作状语；he could ... might need是saying的宾语从句，省略that; whatever his family might need是介词for的宾语从句。‎ ‎ “前沿科技”这一话题在新课标中涉及的内容很多。如医药的进步、技术的革新、计算机技术、太空旅游和探索、未来世界、机器人、航天知识、最新科研发明、科学与生活、科技与人文、网络、传媒等。高考命题人可能在语篇材料中涉及这些话题，主要以说明文、议论文为主。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·北京高考阅读D)‎ ‎[1]Hollywood's theory that machines with evil (邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a wellknown mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论), put it this way：“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”‎ ‎[2]A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own ‎ existence. For the machine, this quality is not inborn, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.‎ ‎[3]The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.‎ ‎[4]Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams — yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo ‎ Szilard invented the neutroninduced (中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.‎ ‎67．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________.‎ A．run out of human control B．satisfy human's real desires C．command armies of killer robots D．work faster than a mathematician ‎68．Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ________.‎ A．prevent themselves from being destroyed B．achieve their original goals independently C．do anything successfully with given orders D．beat humans in international chess matches ‎69．According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ________.‎ A．help super intelligent machines work better B．be secure against evil human beings C．keep machines from being harmed D．avoid robots' affecting the world ‎70．What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?‎ A．It will disappear with the development of AI.‎ B．It will get worse with human interference.‎ C．It will be solved but with difficulty.‎ D．It will stay for a decade.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段划波浪线部分 人工智能超出了我们的控制。‎ 指出现象 第2～3段 第2～3段划波浪线部分 具有人工智能的机器可能会过度保护自己而伤害人类，但电脑科学家为它们安装防火墙来避免机器人影响全世界。‎ 分析现象 第4段 第4段划波浪线部分 安全问题有可能解决，但有困难。‎ 总结概括 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[尝试翻译]　为了达到我们的目的，如果我们使用不能有效地干预其运用的机械代理，我们最好要很确定让机器做事的目的是我们真正希望(达到)的目的。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎67．推理判断题。选A　根据第一段中的“The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely ‎ good at achieving something other than what we really want.”可知，人工智能可能会变得非常擅长完成目标，而这些目标可能不是人们真正想要的，所以人工智能有可能摆脱人的控制。‎ ‎68．细节理解题。选A　根据第二段中的“A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things：a wish to preserve its own existence.”可知，智能机器人可能会为保护自己的存在而阻止自己被摧毁。‎ ‎69．细节理解题。选D　根据第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.”可知，有些研究者认为可用防火墙让机器人解决难题，但不允许机器人影响真实世界。‎ ‎70．推理判断题。选C　根据第四段中的“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知，人工智能的安全问题有可能得到解决，但又困难重重。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技巧13]　利用but/however巧解阅读理解题 通过研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们发现but和however重现率较高，几乎每年高考阅读理解都有一些题目的答案与这两个词有关，我们应高度重视but和however，特别是其后的内容。表示转折的but和however有很强的意义强调功能，对我们判断上下文文意、推断作者态度、猜测人物心理、理清文章层次都具有举足轻重的作用。but和however在文中通常有以下几种作用：‎ ‎1．引出作者观点，反驳but前面的观点(普遍观点)。‎ ‎2．通过对比引出相反或相对的信息。‎ ‎3．表明作者态度或提出作者的建议。‎ 例如第69题，根据第三段中的第二句话“Some researchers argue ‎ that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.”可知，人们为机器人安装防火墙是了避免它影响整个真实世界，D项所述正确。本题就是通过but一词反驳了前面的观点，引出了后面的观点。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．interfere v．　　　　　　　 干涉；干预 ‎2．coexist vi. 共存 ‎3．put it this way 这样说 ‎4．conflict with 冲突 ‎5．talk moonshine 空谈 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2014·湖南高考)‎ 学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic ________”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。‎ 内容：1.说明设计理由；‎ ‎2．介绍新功能。‎ 注意：1.词数不少于120个；‎ ‎2．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．功能；机能　　　　　　　　 function ‎2．实际的，实用的 practical ‎3．使用；利用；得到 get_access_to ‎4．搜寻 search_for ‎5．执行 carry_out ‎6．迷路的人 the_missing/lost 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．因此我想设计一只有更多实用功能的手表。‎ So_I_would_like_to_design_a_watch_with_more_practical_functions.‎ ‎2．通过屏幕我们能得到我们需要的不同的信息。‎ We_can_get_access_to_various_information_we_need_through_the_screen.‎ ‎3．当我们搜寻信息的时候，我们能通过触屏操作它。(用状语从句)‎ When_we_search_for_some_information,_we_can_operate_it_by_touching_the_screen.‎ ‎4．关于这只手表最特别的东西是它有GPS系统。‎ The_most_special_thing_about_the_magic_watch_is_that_it_has_a_GPS.‎ ‎5．这将帮助迷路的人找到路。‎ It_will_help_the_missing_find_their_way.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．用现在分词作状语提升练习3‎ When_searching_for_some_information,_we_can_operate_it_by_touching_the_screen./Searching_for_some_information,_we_can_operate_it_by_touching_the_screen.‎ ‎2．用which 引导的非限制性定语从句连接练习4、5‎ The_most_special_thing_about_the_magic_watch_is_that_it_has_a_GPS,_which_will_help_the_missing_find_their_way.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 My Magic Watch The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull. We should create a new watch to solve more problems. So I would like to design a watch with more practical functions.‎ My magic watch will have a LED screen. We can get access to various information we need through the screen. When searching for some information, we can operate it by touching the screen. It can also receive sound signals. When we talk to it, it will carry out our instructions. We can even use it as a phone to call our friends. The most special thing about the magic watch is that it has a GPS, which will help the missing find their way.‎ In a word, if we had such a magic watch, our life would become more convenient.‎ ‎[单元检测·高考提能] ‎ 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．His idea is in conflict (冲突) with the mainstream political beliefs.‎ ‎2．She was in a dilemma (困境) whether to work or go abroad for further education.‎ ‎3．Father was cutting the grass, and meanwhile (与此同时) mother was planting roses.‎ ‎4．One of businesses of the socialists is to study the social phenomenon (现象)．‎ ‎5．The central aim of this government is social equality (平等)．‎ ‎6．Having survived starvation (饥饿), we're beginning to live happily.‎ ‎7．It's illegal to read people's private letters without permission (许可)．‎ ‎8．He made a donation (donate) to this school in the name of his mother.‎ ‎9．I compared the copy with the original (origin), but there was not much difference.‎ ‎10．The manager doesn't permit smoking (smoke) in his office.‎ ‎11．You need qualifications to be a swimming instructor (instruct)．‎ ‎12．This advanced (advance) method has been introduced in every factory.‎ ‎13．Humanity has made great progress in space exploration (explore) and medicine.‎ ‎14．If Mr.Dewey had been present, he would have offered any possible assistance (assist) to the people there.‎ ‎15．Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly (short) before the city's bridges closed.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．There's some doubt that the wedding ceremony will be held on time.that→whether ‎2．By the end of last month, he has worked in Shanghai for twenty years.has→had ‎3．We all find unbearable to be exposed to such loud noise even at night.find后加it ‎4．One can always manage to do more things, no matter what full ‎ one's schedule is in life.what→how ‎5．The government will launch a movement to declare war to poverty.第二个to→on ‎6．He often comes in conflict with his friends, but they are still good friends.in→into ‎7．He is teaching at a school, and on the meanwhile he is a composer too.on→in ‎8．He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hunger.hunger→hungry Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．他三天没合眼了，毫无疑问他累坏了。‎ He hasn't slept at all for three days; there_is_no_doubt_that_he_is_tired_out.‎ ‎2．无论你做什么，你都要考虑他们的感受。‎ No_matter_what_you_do/Whatever_you_do,_you shall take their feelings into consideration.‎ ‎3．他的努力学习使他在长期缺课后还能赶上他的同班同学。‎ His working hard made_it_possible_to_catch_up_with_his_classmates after his long absence from school.‎ ‎4．我到达车站时汽车已经开走了。‎ The_bus_had_already_left by the time I arrived at the bus station.‎ ‎5．如果你想买，你必须提前预定。‎ If you want to buy it, you must place an order in_advance.‎ ‎6．他愿意在死后把器官捐献给需要的人。‎ He is willing to donate_his_organs_to_those who need them after death.‎ ‎7．我们让他帮我们设计一座新桥。‎ We asked him to assist_us_in_designing a new bridge.‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A We are only a week into our Summer Pix 16 competition and we have already had hundreds of entries. Keep the entries coming in: the contest runs for three more weeks. So seize the moment and join us now!‎ How to enter We want your best photographs of the summer. Send highresolution (高分辨率的) pictures to summerpix16@ irishtimes. com to be in with a chance of winning our prize, a Canon EOS 100D Digital SLR Camera at a recommended retail price of 549. Each Friday, we'll display the best photos sent in that week, and at the end of August we'll print the winning photograph. The photos can be taken with any kind of camera or phone. We regret we cannot respond to each entry, but we will be in touch with you if your photograph is going to be published.‎ Terms & conditions ‎·The photos must be taken this summer.‎ ‎·5 photographs may be submitted by any individual person at most.‎ ‎·Employees or agents of The Irish Times and their families or other persons connected with the organizer are not suitable to enter.‎ ‎·All entries without a valid email address are disqualified.‎ ‎ ·By submitting your photograph, you grant (授予) The Irish Times a license to use your photograph for the purpose of promoting the competition within the newspaper and online in printed and electronic formats. The Irish Times may also use the photograph for the promotion of any other photographic competition with The Irish Times both in print and online.‎ ‎·The Irish Times reserves the right of final interpretation of Terms & conditions.‎ ‎1．How long does the contest last in all?‎ A．Only a week.　　　　 B．Two weeks.‎ C．Three weeks. D．Four weeks.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We are only a week into our Summer Pix 16 competition”和“Keep the entries coming in: the contest runs for three more weeks.”可知，摄影比赛已开始一周，且参赛者仍然可以投送参赛作品，因为比赛还要再持续三周。故此次摄影比赛总共持续四周。‎ ‎2．What will a winner of the competition enjoy?‎ A.549.‎ B．The latest digital camera.‎ C．His photo being printed.‎ D．A job offer from the newspaper.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“we'll print the winning photograph”可知，获奖者的照片会被刊登出来。‎ ‎3．Which may meet Terms & conditions?‎ A．Anyone has access to the competition.‎ B．You can send pictures taken at any time.‎ C．Entries without email addresses are invalid.‎ D．Over 5 photos can be submitted by groups.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据Terms & conditions部分中的“All entries without a valid email address are disqualified.”‎ 可知，所有的参赛作品都要包含一个有效的电子邮箱，否则会被取消参赛资格，即没有电子邮箱的参赛作品就是无效的。故选C。‎ ‎4．What can The Irish Times use participants' photos to do?‎ A．Promote itself as a better newspaper.‎ B．Advertise other photographic competitions.‎ C．Display all of the photos each Friday.‎ D．Apply for literary property for participants.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Terms & conditions部分中的“By submitting your photograph, you grant (授予) The Irish Times a license to use your photograph for the purpose of promoting the competition ...The Irish Times may also use the photograph for the promotion of any other photographic competition with The Irish Times both in print and online.”可知，参赛者把照片提交给The Irish Times后，The Irish Times将有权使用参赛者的照片宣传这项比赛，也可能用其为它的其他摄影比赛作宣传，故B项正确。‎ B Picture the scene. You're on your way home when you remember the fridge is empty but you don't have a pound for the trolley (手推车) and parking is a nightmare. Or you promised to pick up a sixpack of beer on the way to a friend's party but it's pouring with rain and parking is still a nightmare.Wouldn't it be great if you could pick up what you need without getting out of your car?‎ Russian inventor Dahir Kurmanbievich has thought of a drivethrough supermarket that would make all that possible.‎ A customer would drive up to an available bay, much like in a petrol station, and — while remaining in the car — select the goods by operating with a button. These goods are placed immediately onto a conveyor (传输) belt, where they travel a few feet to the checkout. When ‎ it is finished, the customer drives forward, pays for the goods and drives off with them.‎ Mr Kurmanbievich said the invention is directed at “solving the technical problem of improving the quality of customer service while providing probable convenience and choice of products, reducing time to service customers, cutting the queue time and lowering the costs of the supermarket”. Socalled drivethrough supermarkets have already been tried by some big supermarkets, but these operate more like clickandcollect services as customers have to order their goods online between two hours and three weeks in advance.‎ While the drivethrough supermarket would need a lot of space and infrastructure (基础设施) investment to get off the ground, it would combine the consumer's convenience and speed of buying goods online with the sales opportunities that come with product discovery on store shelves.‎ It's great while fuel prices are low. The question is: will driverless cars be able to do the shopping? ‎ ‎5．What can you do in a drivethrough supermarket?‎ A．You can park your car wherever you like.‎ B．You can buy what you want in your car.‎ C．You can use the trolley free of charge.‎ D．You can protect yourself from heavy rain.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知，免下车超市里你可以不用下车就能买到你需要的商品。故选B项。‎ ‎6．When shopping in a drivethrough supermarket________.‎ A．customers will first drive into a petrol station B．customers will operate their cars with a button C．customers will put the goods onto a conveyor belt D．customers will drive their cars to the checkout 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，顾客在车里点击按钮操作，商品会立即到传输带上，然后驱车去结账带着东西离开，一切都在车里进行。故选D项。‎ ‎7．Which of the following is probably the main benefit for sellers?‎ A．Providing probable convenience.‎ B．Having more products to choose from.‎ C．Cutting the queue time.‎ D．Reducing service time and costs.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“reducing time to service customers”和“lowering the costs of the supermarket”可知，对于商家来说，免下车超市减少了服务顾客的时间并降低了成本。其他三个选项都是对购物者的好处。故选D项。 ‎ ‎8．According to the writer, what will be necessary for a drivethrough supermarket?‎ A．A lot of space for cars.‎ B．The customer's convenience.‎ C．Speed of buying goods online.‎ D．Product discovery on store shelves.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“the drivethrough supermarket would need a lot of space and infrastructure (基础设施) investment to get off the ground”可知，作者认为免下车超市需要为购物的汽车提供更大的空间。故选A项。‎ 单元检测B——完形填空精准练＋失分题型强化练 ‎[完形填空精准练]‎ Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity, even minor distractions (分心) can have a huge effect. According to a study, regaining our __1__ drive following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.‎ Multitasking (多任务), as many studies have shown, is a myth (谬论). A more accurate __2__ of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we're rapidly __3__ between activities, sucking our mental energy. And the __4__ can be surprisingly serious. An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be __5__ by distractions like emails and text messages.‎ The __6__ is that multitasking is enjoyable. It's fun to satisfy your curiosity. Who knows what that next email or text message holds __7__？ Finding out provides immediate satisfaction. __8__， resisting distractions and staying on task requires __9__ and mental effort.‎ So, what are we to do?‎ Our strategy is to change the __10__ to move temptation further away: shut down your email program or __11__ your phone. It's a lot easier to stay on task when you're not __12__ fighting off mental desires.‎ The alternative, which most of us consider common, is __13__ to dieting in a bakery. We all need the willpower to resist the temptations, but doing so comes with __14__ costs to our limited supply of willpower.‎ Another worthwhile __15__ is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition (转换) time to a __16__ point. Instead of spreading phone calls, meetings and emails throughout your day, try __17__ related tasks so that there are fewer transitions.‎ In some jobs, multitasking is __18__. Some of us truly do need to ‎ stay __19__ to our clients, colleagues and managers. So it's worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only solution.‎ Remember, the more you do to minimize taskswitching over the course of the day, the more ability you'll have for activities that actually __20__. Even small changes can make a big difference.‎ 语篇解读：研究显示，当我们全神贯注于某一活动时，即便是小小的一个分心都会对活动的效果产生巨大的影响。‎ ‎1．A.initial　　　　　　　　 B．personal C．inner D．ambitious 解析：选A　A项意为“最初的；原始的”；B项意为“个人的”；C项意为“内在的”；D项意为“有野心的；有抱负的”。句意：研究表明，在一次分心之后，我们想要再次获得干劲(专注于某一活动)，需要20分钟。根据句意可知，A项符合语境，即获得原来的干劲。‎ ‎2．A.plan B．account C．prediction D．insight 解析：选B　根据上文“正如许多研究表明，多任务是一种谬论”可知，B项表示“叙述；描述”，符合语境。A项意为“计划”；C项意为“预言；预测”；D项意为“洞察力”。当我们告诉自己正处于多任务时，对于此时所发生的事情的一个更加确切的描述是，我们是在几项活动间不停地转换。‎ ‎3．A.switching B．swinging C．swapping D．shuttling 解析：选A　A项意为“变换；转换”；B项意为“摇摆”；C项意为“交换；换掉”；D项意为“穿梭”。参见上题解析，A项符合语境，即在几项活动间不停地转换。‎ ‎4．A.benefits B．reasons C．consequences D．challenges 解析：选C　A项意为“好处”；B项意为“理由”；C项意为“后果；结果”；D项意为“挑战”。根据本句中的“surprisingly serious”以及后一句中的“loses as many as 10 IQ points”可知，C项符合语境，即这样做的后果有多么严重。‎ ‎5．A.guided B．changed C．adapted D．interrupted 解析：选D　A项意为“指导”；B项意为“改变”；C项意为“适应；改编”；D项意为“中断；打扰”。根据题意可知，D项正确。句意：根据一项试验，当我们的工作被分心打扰(中断)时，我们将损失多达10个点的IQ。‎ ‎6．A.advantage B．emphasis C．trouble D．practice 解析：选C　文章上一段讲到负面的影响，本段则介绍的是产生的原因，也就是具体的问题所在——虽然有负面影响，人们为什么还乐此不疲呢？因此选C(trouble在这里指“问题；麻烦”)符合语境。‎ ‎7．A.in stock B．in store C．in check D．in possession 解析：选B　A项意为“有现货的”；B项意为“将要发生”；C项意为“在控制中”；D项意为“占有；持有”。句意：谁知道下一封邮件或短信中会有什么内容呢？hold in store意为“蕴藏”。故B项符合语境。‎ ‎8．A.As a rule B．As a result C．In short D．In contrast 解析：选D　A项意为“通常来说”；B项意为“结果”；C项意为“总之”；D项意为“相反的是；相比之下”。根据上下文语境可知，前后句意相反，上一句说的是分心的情况，后一句则讲的是如何抵制分心。故选D。‎ ‎9．A.patience B．discipline C．courage D．attention 解析：选B　句意：要抵制分心的诱惑，并注重于我们的工作，需要自制力(discipline)和内心的努力。根据句意可知，选B项。A项意为“耐心”；C项意为“勇气”；D项意为“注意力”。‎ ‎10．A.expectation B．task C．environment D．vision 解析：选C　根据冒号后面的内容可知，C项符合语境，即改变工作环境或学习环境。‎ ‎11．A.replace B．silence C．answer D．pick 解析：选B　B项意为“使沉默”，符合语境，即将电话调成静音状态。‎ ‎12．A.continuously B．finally C．passionately D．directly 解析：选A　A项意为“连续不断地”；B项意为“最终”；C项意为“热情地”；D项意为“直接地”。句意：当你不再需要持续击退内心欲望时，专心于工作便会变得更加容易。根据句意可知A项符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.similar B．relevant C．superior D．opposite 解析：选A　A项意为“相似的”；B项意为“相关的”；C项意为“较高的”；D项意为“对立的；相反的”。句意：这个选择和在面包店里节食一样。根据语境可知A项正确。‎ ‎14．A.affordable B．basic C．considerable D．modest 解析：选C　A项意为“负担得起的”；B项意为“基本的”；C项意为“相当大的；相当多的”；D项意为“谦虚的；适度的”。句意：(尽管)我们需要抵制诱惑的意志力，但是这种做法(在面包店节食)会极大地消耗我们有限的意志力。根据句意可知，选C项。‎ ‎15．A.research B．aspect C．reaction D．approach 解析：选D　A项意为“研究”；B项意为“方面”；C项意为“反应”；D项意为“方法”。根据上文可知，这里是在教我们集中注意力的方法，所以选D。‎ ‎16．A.minimum B．maximum C．turning D．fixed 解析：选A　A项意为“最小的”；B项意为“最大的”；C项意为“转折的”；D项意为“固定的”。句意：另一种方法是将相似的工作归类在一起完成，这样可以将不同工作之间切换的时间缩短到最小。根据语境可知A项正确。‎ ‎17．A.analyzing B．grouping C．assigning D．undertaking 解析：选B　根据上题可知，B项的group指“分类、归类”，符合语境，即将相关的工作分组归类。A项意为“分析”；C项意为“布置；分派”；D项意为“承担；从事”，均不符合语境。‎ ‎18．A.disturbing B．annoying C．unavoidable D．unnecessary 解析：选C　A项意为“令人不安的”；B项意为“令人恼火的”；C项意为“不可避免的”；D项意为“没有必要的”。根据下文可知有些工作中，多任务是无法避免的。故C项正确。‎ ‎19．A.sympathetic B．loyal C．accustomed D．connected 解析：选D　A项意为“有同情心的”；B项意为“忠诚的”；C项意为“习惯的”；D项意为“有联系的”。句意：我们不得不和我们的客户、同事和经理保持联系。根据语境可知D项正确。‎ ‎20．A.matter B．function C．work D．interfere 解析：选A　matter在这里是不及物动词，意为“重要”，符合语境，即你将有更多的能力去处理那些真正重要的事情。‎ ‎[失分题型强化练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 There are many different taboos (禁忌) around the world. A taboo is a social action that is not __1__ (allow). Almost every culture in the world has __2__ (it) own taboos. When you meet people from different cultures, it is important __3__ (understand) what you can and cannot do. If we are not aware __4__ these differences, some unusual __5__ (thing) might happen. For instance, in China, it __6__ (be) rude to put the chopsticks into a bowl of rice straightly as it is often done for the dead. If you visit Nepal, you will find Nepalese often greet each other with the hands pressed together instead of shaking hands, __7__ in North America ‎ and the UK, people greet one another by __8__ (shake) hands. If you will do business with a South American, it seems __9__ (impolitely) to be dressed in the light colors. What about Japanese? They dislike the lotus and __10__ not give it as a gift to Japanese because they regard it as the mourning flower. While these different customs might seem strange to you, remember that what you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了世界各地的风俗禁忌，如尼泊尔人双手合十打招呼而北美、英国人则握手打招呼；在中国将筷子笔直地插入饭中是禁忌；在日本将莲花作为礼物是禁忌等。‎ ‎1．allowed　考查动词的语态。该句是一个复合句，在that引导的定语从句中关系词that代指a social action，和动词allow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎2．its　考查代词。该句主语every culture和空后的own taboos之间为所有关系，故用形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎3．to understand　考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了it is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.的句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。‎ ‎4．of　考查固定搭配。be aware of为固定搭配，意为“意识到”；该句句意：如果我们没有意识到这些不同点，则可能发生一些不寻常的事情。‎ ‎5．things　考查名词的数。根据该句中的some可知，可数名词thing应用复数形式。‎ ‎6．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。该句主语为it，故用单数形式；该句表示将筷子笔直地插进饭中是不礼貌的行为，因为此举通常是为死人做的，根据语境可知，该句陈述的是一般常识，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎7．while　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示尼泊尔人双手合十打招呼，而在北美和英国，人们通过握手打招呼。该空前后为转折关系，故用while。‎ ‎8．shaking　考查动名词。空前的by为介词，故该空用动名词作介词的宾语。‎ ‎9．impolite　考查形容词。该句中的seems为系动词，意为“似乎，看起来像”，后接形容词。该句句意：如果你将要和一个南美人做生意，穿着浅色服装似乎是不礼貌的。‎ ‎10．do　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，该句陈述的是一般常识，应用一般现在时，且主语为they，故该空用助动词do。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 Li Ming, the engineer, was born on February 9, 1960 in Hubei, China. After he graduated Qinghua University in 1982, he made an important decisions in his life. He decided to go to the United States for his farther study. After four year's hard work, he mastered new management ideas and advancing technologies in computer field. In 1989, he got his doctor's degree. In 2001, he made one another decision.He was determined to turn to his motherland and started a company. However, his wife and daughter have got used to the American way of life, but they still stay in the United States.‎ 答案：第一句：the→an 第二句：graduated后加from; decisions→decision 第三句：farther→further 第四句：year's→years'; advancing→advanced 第六句：去掉one 第七句：turn→return; started→start 第八句：but→so