【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之四（含有解析）学案（12页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之四（含有解析）学案（12页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空典题10篇训练之四 ‎【一】‎ Along a long path we came to a deep valley. As I climbed down into the valley, a bird flew off the rock. On looking at the spot __1__ the bird had risen, I saw two eggs. They were the kind that I did not have in my __2__ (collect), so I placed them carefully in my bag.‎ As we went further down the valley, the sides became even __3__ (steep). The water that rushed down all these small __4__ (valley) in the rainy season had worn the rock as glass. As it was too deep __5__ (climb) down, I handed my gun to one of the men and slid down it. My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when the two men jumped down, one on each side of __6__ (I). They quickly gave me the gun __7__ asked me if I had heard the tiger. In fact, I had heard nothing; possibly because of the noise I made while __8__ (slide) down the rock. The men said they __9__ (hear) a tiger growling (虎啸) somewhere nearby, but they __10__ not know from which direction the noise had come.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的探险故事。‎ ‎1．where　分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“spot”，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。‎ ‎2．collection　根据空格前的“my”可知，此处应填所给词的名词形式。故填collection。‎ ‎3．steeper　根据空格前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级。故填steeper。‎ ‎4．valleys　根据空格前的“these”可知，此处应填可数名词的复数形式。故填valleys。‎ ‎5．to climb　too ...to ...为固定短语，意为“太……以至于不能……”，故填to climb。‎ ‎6．me　根据空格前的介词“of”可知，此处应填所给代词的宾格形式。故填me。‎ ‎7．and　空格前的“gave”和空格后的“asked”为并列关系，故用and连接。‎ ‎8．sliding　根据空格前“the noise I made”可知，此处指“我”正在滑下岩石时发出的响声。分析句子结构可知，空格处为省略句，省略主语I及系动词was。故填sliding。‎ ‎9．had heard　hear的动作发生在“said”之前，应用过去完成时。故填had heard。‎ ‎10．did　通篇文章都是以过去时为主，所以此处用did not表示否定。故填did。‎ ‎【二】‎ Eileen Taylor had something sweet on her mind in the drivethrough line at Heav’nly Donuts. Just the day before, a stranger ahead of her in line had __1__ (generous) paid for her coffee. “The good deed made such __2__ big difference in my day，” says Eileen. She had recently lost her job as a physician’s __3__ (assist), and money was tight. But Eileen __4__ (inspire) to pay the $12 bill of the family in the car behind hers. __5__ she didn’t know was that her kindness would set off a chain reaction. In two and a half hours, fiftyfive drivers paid for the order of the person behind __6__ (they). The doughnut shop’s employees __7__ (see) this before. This Heav’nly Donuts, in fact, is known as a special place, the customers of __8__ are considered as “the best in the world”. But, even so, the workers were __9__ (amaze) that the shop had more than doubled its previous record by the end of the day.‎ Now __10__ (work) as a chemist, Eileen visits Heav’nly Donuts every Saturday morning, picking up a coffee and paying for the order of the customer behind her.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Eileen在经济困窘之际，陌生顾客帮她付单的行为产生了连锁反应，很多人纷纷效仿这一行为。‎ ‎1．generously　空处修饰动词，应用副词形式。‎ ‎2．a　make a difference“起作用，有影响”，是固定短语。‎ ‎3．assistant　此处指“作为一个医生的助手”，故用名词assistant。‎ ‎4．was inspired　本处叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；Eileen与inspire是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；结合主语Eileen可知，填was inspired。‎ ‎5．What　句意：她不知道的是她的善行引起了连锁反应。主语从句中know缺少宾语，故用what引导主语从句。‎ ‎6．them　空处作介词behind的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式them。‎ ‎7．had seen　根据语境并结合时间状语before可知，此处指的是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎8．which　先行词place在后面的非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。‎ ‎9．amazed　主语为workers，指人，应用amazed。‎ ‎10．working　分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，因为work与句子主语Eileen之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎【三】‎ Think fast: How close do you live to your local grocery store? Most of us don’t know. As long as it’s close to home, it’s not a problem. But when you don’t have a local grocery store, or you have one but it’s too far away to get to __1__ transportation, figuring out how you’ll buy your groceries __2__ (become) a big problem.‎ For the past decade, Americans have driven __3__ average of 6 miles between home and their closest grocery store. For rural Americans, __4__ (especial) those in the South, the trip can be much __5__ (long) — for example, in the food landscape of the Lower Mississippi Delta, you’ll likely find one supermarket __6__ (serve) a 190.5squaremile area. There, residents could expect __7__ (drive) 30 miles or more from home to store. This phenomenon __8__ (call) a food desert.‎ The term dates back at least a decade __9__ it was used to describe how urban ‎ supermarkets in the United Kingdom were receding (退去) into the suburbs. But since the imbalance of food __10__ (choose) isn’t limited to one region of the world, the expression is now used to describe the occurrence around the globe, including areas of North America, Latin America, Asia and Australia.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了食物沙漠的概念。‎ ‎1．without　根据语境可知，此处指没有交通工具便很难到达杂货店，故填without。‎ ‎2．becomes/will become　本文的基本时态为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时；又因动词的ing形式作主语，谓语动词使用单数。此外，这里也可理解为将来的一种情况，用一般将来时。‎ ‎3．an　过去十年里，美国人平均开6英里的车程以往返于家和最近的杂货店。an average of“平均”。‎ ‎4．especially　此处指特别是住在南方的美国乡下人，especially“特别，尤其”。‎ ‎5．longer　根据上下文语境及空前的“much”可知，此处指美国乡下人，特别是住在南方的美国乡下人去购物的旅途更远，故使用比较级。‎ ‎6．serving　分析句子结构可知，find为谓语动词，one supermarket与serve之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用动词的ing形式作后置定语。‎ ‎7．to drive　动词expect后接不定式作宾语。expect to do sth.“期待做某事”。‎ ‎8．is called　本文的基本时态为一般现在时；又因This phenomenon与call之间是被动关系，故使用被动语态。‎ ‎9．when　a decade为先行词，表示时间，后面是定语从句，句中缺少时间状语，故填when。‎ ‎10．choice(s)　空前有名词作定语，空处作介词of的宾语，故空处应用名词形式。choice“选择”既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，故填choice(s)。‎ ‎【四】‎ A recent study shows that most adults did household chores __1__ (active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, __2__ same study shows.‎ An expert said, “Parents today want their kids to spend more time __3__ things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped __4__ (do) the one thing that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores.”‎ Another study finds that compared with the kids __5__ didn’t do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely __6__ (succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and were more independent.‎ Personal happiness __7__ (say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and __8__ (help) to their parents at home.‎ If your kids say they have to skip chores because it’s time they __9__ (deal) with their homework, you’d better not let them off the hook. If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small __10__ (message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。‎ ‎1．actively　分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively。‎ ‎2．the　此处的“study”就是上文提到的那个“A recent study”，故用定冠词the表示特指。‎ ‎3．on　根据固定搭配spend sth. on sth.可知，此处填介词on。‎ ‎4．doing　根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用stop doing sth.搭配。‎ ‎5．who/that　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who/that。‎ ‎6．to succeed　此处是be likely to do sth.句型，故填不定式。‎ ‎7．is said　本句含有“be said＋动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为Personal happiness，因此填is said。‎ ‎8．helpful　本空应填形容词helpful，与kind并列作表语。‎ ‎9．dealt/should deal　It’s time (that) ...句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用一般过去时或should＋do，其中should不可以省略。‎ ‎10．messages　message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。‎ ‎【五】‎ According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also __1__ (express) their great concern about it. Experts hope __2__ whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents.‎ Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, which __3__ (call) for our great concern. We should make every effort __4__ (prevent) school violence happening at school, for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal __5__ (safe) could not be guaranteed. In fact, violence can be learned. __6__ (actual), children learn violence behavior from adults or from __7__ they see on television or on the Internet.‎ If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence with violence, for it will result in __8__ (much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys.‎ All in all, we students should behave __9__ (we) and keep away __10__ violence.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。校园暴力这一现象引起了老师和家长的关注。本文介绍了校园暴力形成的原因以及阻止校园暴力的方法。‎ ‎1．expressed　根据该句中的“showed”可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填expressed。‎ ‎2．the　the whole society“全社会”，为固定用法，故填the。‎ ‎3．calls　分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，which指代“a phenomenon”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数；由“I think this is”可知，应用一般现在时，故填calls。‎ ‎4．to prevent　我们应当尽一切努力来阻止校园暴力的发生。make every effort to do sth.为固定搭配，故此处应用动词不定式作宾补。‎ ‎5．safety　根据空前的“their personal”可知，空处应填名词safety。‎ ‎6．Actually　分析该句结构可知，空处修饰全句，作状语，故用副词Actually。‎ ‎7．what　分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“see”的宾语，故用what。‎ ‎8．more　句意：如果我遇到校园暴力，我不会以暴制暴，因为这会导致更多的打斗。根据句意可知，空处应使用比较级。‎ ‎9．ourselves　behave oneself为固定搭配，意为“举止规矩有礼，检点”；根据主语“we”可知，空处应用反身代词ourselves。‎ ‎10．from　keep away from为固定搭配，意为“远离”。‎ ‎【六】‎ Many teachers believe that handson experience is the __1__ (good) way to learn. A group of students in the United States are putting that belief to the test. They __2__ (success) designed and built a robot for discovering unexplored mines __3__ the bottom of the sea. Students made the robot __4__ (answer) a challenge from the U．S. Department of Defense.‎ The students recently tested the underwater vehicle __5__ (call) Perseus Ⅱ in a 95meterlong tank of water at the Stevens Institute of Technology.‎ The robot costs about $15,000 to build. The students use a video game control to direct __6__ (it) movements in the tank. What’s more, devices known as Japters ‎ __7__ (able) the robot to go up, down and toward its target in the water. Video cameras on the robot send images back to a computer through a 13meterlong cable. Perseus Ⅱ also has __8__ set of lasers (激光), which are used to measure the size of an object.‎ The robot is the creation of five undergraduate students. For over six months, they worked up __9__ 20 hours a week to design and build Perseus Ⅱ.‎ DeLorme supervised the project from __10__ (begin) to end. He says the specialized requirements of robots were demanding.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过事实证明：亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法。‎ ‎1．best　此处表示“亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法”，故用best。‎ ‎2．successfully　修饰动词designed和built作状语，故用副词successfully。‎ ‎3．at　at the bottom of“在……的底部”，故用at。‎ ‎4．to answer　在这里to answer是动词不定式作目的状语，表示“制造这个机器人是为了回应美国国防部的一项挑战”。‎ ‎5．called　此处应用过去分词作后置定语，表示“被叫作”，故填called。‎ ‎6．its　由后面的movements可知，应用形容词性物主代词作定语。‎ ‎7．enable　分析句子结构可知，主语是devices，设空处作谓语，故应用动词enable，表示“使能够”。且此处是一般性的描述，故应用一般现在时。‎ ‎8．a　a set of“一系列”，故用a。‎ ‎9．to　up to“达到”，故用to。‎ ‎10．beginning　from beginning to end“从头到尾”。‎ ‎【七】‎ Dr. Barone has helped many kids smile who were born with defects (缺陷),‎ ‎ including me. She did my first two operations when I was a baby, which were the most important and __1__ (effect)．‎ I don’t remember the first two operations very well, but I do recall __2__ third. Dr. Barone was kind and eased me into the process. She let me choose my sleep medicine, __3__ (make) sure that I was okay. I recently saw a picture of me before my operation, and I know __4__ a big job she did.‎ Dr. Barone __5__ (operate) on people with all types of birth defects. She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them __6__ free.‎ Many people benefit from her new ways __7__ (invent) to fix birth defects of the head and face. She has won many awards. A few of the most recent __8__ (be) Best Doctors in America 2013－2014, America’s Top Plastic Surgery, and many others.‎ Dr. Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was __9__ (probable) just another patient to her, to me she was __10__ (much) than just my doctor. She was and is my hero, and she gave me back my smile.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Barone医生治病救人的故事。‎ ‎1．effective　根据and前的important可知，空处应用形容词effective。‎ ‎2．the　序数词前一般用定冠词修饰，表示第几的概念。‎ ‎3．making　make和句子谓语动词let之间没有连词，且和句子主语“She”构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎4．what　what引起的感叹句的结构为：what＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数，故填what。‎ ‎5．operates　根据语境可知，此处表示经常做的事情，故用一般现在时，且由句子主语Dr. Barone可知，应填operates，与下文的goes和helps呼应。‎ ‎6．for　for free“免费”，为固定搭配，故用介词for。‎ ‎7．invented　‎ invent和句子谓语动词benefit之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。且空处和其逻辑主语ways构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎8．are　根据A few可知，此处谓语动词应用复数，且此处表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的复数形式，即are。‎ ‎9．probably　此处应用副词probably在句子中作状语。‎ ‎10．more　由than可知，此处应用比较级形式，即more。‎ ‎【八】‎ Sammy Armstrong was driving to his office when he __1__ (notice) a car was stuck on railroad tracks. Then he heard a train whistle. Sammy threw down his sunglasses and keys and ran toward the car. __2__ elderly man, Jean Papich, eightyfour, sat in the driver’s seat, __3__ (turn) the key and hitting the gas. His wife, Marion, seventyeight, was looking __4__ (nervous) at him. Then Sammy walked __5__ the car and pushed it forward, but his boots slipped on the warm asphalt (沥青). He could see the train approaching fast.‎ It might be __6__ (easy) to push the car backward, Sammy thought. He ran around to the front of the vehicle and shouted at Jean __7__ (put) the car in neutral (空档). Sammy could feel the ground trembling under his feet. He put his boots against the track and pushed forcefully. Finally, the car rolled off the tracks. When Sammy looked up, the train was just a couple of __8__ (foot) away. Sammy, shocked and __9__ (speech), went back to work as crowd gathered at the scene.‎ Weeks later, Marion called to thank Sammy. He responded, “I just did __10__ I had to do.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Sammy Armstrong在开车上班的路上解救了一辆卡在铁轨上的汽车。‎ ‎1．noticed　文章的整体时态为过去时，且主句中用的是过去进行时，故填noticed。‎ ‎2．An　‎ man在文中第一次提到，应用不定冠词，且elderly的读音以元音音素开头，故填An。‎ ‎3．turning　空处与句子主语是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，并与hitting并列，故填turning。‎ ‎4．nervously　副词作状语修饰动词。故填nervously。‎ ‎5．behind　根据下文的“pushed it forward”可知，此处表示走到车的后面推车，故填behind。‎ ‎6．easier　根据上下文语境可知，向前推车不好推，所以他认为向后面推可能更容易，故填easier。‎ ‎7．to put　此处为不定式作宾补，他向老人喊让老人挂空档，故填to put。‎ ‎8．feet　a couple of后跟可数名词的复数形式。故填feet。‎ ‎9．speechless　与shocked并列，根据语境可知，应填speechless。‎ ‎10．what　分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句作did的宾语，且空处在从句中充当do的宾语，故填what。‎ ‎【九】‎ I was born in a town called Blackburn, in the northwest of England, and lived there till I left home __1__ the age of eighteen. My parents had moved to England from India during __2__ 1970s.‎ As a child, I went to my local school and, of course __3__ (speak) English with a local accent. But home was very different: we lived in a kind of “little India”， with a huge extended family of uncles and aunts. I remember __4__ (feel) part of this big thing called “family”， and an even __5__ (big) thing called “India”. I suppose my family __6__ (real) influenced me while I was growing up. They used to talk about India as “home” — even __7__ at that time I had never been there!‎ To me, it doesn’t seem at all strange to grow up as part of two cultures. I am always thinking that growing up with two cultures is a gift, not a __8__ (advantage). Now as a mother, I want my child __9__ (get) in contact (接触) with her Indian roots ‎ too, so we are planning to visit there later this year. All her Indian __10__ (cousin) are expecting to meet her!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”出生在英国西北部的一个小镇，在十八岁时离开那里去求学；“我”的父母早在20世纪70年代就从印度迁到英国。“我”认为伴随着两种不同文化成长是礼物而不是缺点。‎ ‎1．at　at the age of为固定搭配，意为“在……岁时”。‎ ‎2．the　the 1970s为固定用法，意为“20世纪70年代”；表示“某世纪某年代”时应在数字前加the。‎ ‎3．spoke　根据该句中的“As a child, I went”可以判断，该句讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故应用speak的过去式spoke。‎ ‎4．feeling　remember doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“记得(曾经)做过某事”；根据语境可知，这里指记得曾经发生的事情，故用feeling。‎ ‎5．bigger　根据上文中的big和该句中的even可以判断，空处应用big的比较级bigger。‎ ‎6．really　根据空后的influenced可以判断，空处修饰动词，故用该词的副词形式really。‎ ‎7．though/if　他们过去常常将印度当作家乡来谈论，即使那时“我”从没有到过那里。even though/if为固定搭配，意为“尽管，即使”。‎ ‎8．disadvantage　根据该句中的“a gift, not ...”可以判断，此处表示伴随着两种文化成长是一件礼物，而不是缺点。故用advantage的反义词disadvantage。‎ ‎9．to get　want sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要某人做某事”。‎ ‎10．cousins　根据该句中的All和are可知，应用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎【十】‎ I had been called to examine a tenyearold dog __1__ (name) Belker. I examined Belker and found he was dying of cancer. I told the family I couldn’t do ‎ anything.‎ Shane, a sixyearold boy in the family, seemed so calm, petting the old dog __2__ the last time. I wondered if he understood what was __3__ (go) on. Within a few minutes, Belker slipped peacefully away.‎ The little boy seemed to accept the fact without any difficulty __4__ confusion. We sat together for a while after __5__ (Belker) death, wondering aloud about the sad fact that animal __6__ (life) are shorter than human lives.‎ Shane, who had been listening quietly, said, “I know why.”‎ We all turned to him. What came out of his mouth next surprised me __7__ (great). I’d never heard a __8__ (much) comforting explanation. It has changed the way I try and live.‎ ‎“People are born so that they can learn how to live a good life — like loving everybody all the time and __9__ (be) nice, right？” The sixyearold continued, “Well, dogs already know __10__ to do that, so they don’t have to stay as long.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。六岁的Shane和作者一起见证了Belker的死，之后Shane似乎非常平静地接受了这一事实，并说出了作者从未听过的、令人宽慰的解释。‎ ‎1．named　动词name在此处作后置定语修饰名词“dog”，且二者之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词named，意为“被命名”。故填named。‎ ‎2．for　for the last time为固定搭配，意为“最后一次”。故填for。‎ ‎3．going　根据上文中的“he was dying of cancer”及下文中的“Belker slipped peacefully away”可知，当时Belker生命垂危，死亡这一过程并没有完成而是正在进行；结合空格前的“was”及语境可知，此处应为过去进行时，表示当时正在发生。故填going。‎ ‎4．or　根据句意可知，Shane似乎没有任何困难和困惑地接受了这一事实。句中“difficulty”和“confusion”是并列关系；根据上文中的“without”可知，该句为否定句，在否定句中，or表并列。故填or。‎ ‎5．Belker’s　根据语法知识可知，Belker和“death”之间是所属关系，故此处应用名词所有格Belker’s，表示Belker的死。‎ ‎6．lives　根据空后的“are”及下文中的“human lives”可知，空格处应与其对应。故此处应用复数名词lives。‎ ‎7．greatly　此处应用副词修饰谓语动词“surprised”。故填greatly。‎ ‎8．more　此处用形容词比较级的否定式来表示最高级含义，意为“没有比……更……”。故填more。‎ ‎9．being　根据句中的并列连词“and”可知，此处应与“and”前的“loving everybody”一致，故用“being nice”，表示并列。故填being。‎ ‎10．how　根据语境及句式可知，上文中的“People are born so that they can learn how to live a good life”与本句中的“dogs already know __10__ to do that ...”相呼应，“to do that”指代上文中的“to live a good life”，故此处应用how构成“疑问副词＋不定式”结构，表示如何过上好生活。故填how。‎