2020届一轮复习外研版必修3Module4SandstormsinAsia单元学案（27页）

2020届一轮复习外研版必修3Module4SandstormsinAsia单元学案（27页）

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．sandstorm n．　　　　　　　　　 沙尘暴_‎ ‎2．inland adj. 内地的；内陆的_‎ ‎3．campaign n. 战役；活动_‎ ‎4．dune n. 沙丘_‎ ‎5．citizen n. 公民；市民_‎ ‎6．dust n. 沙尘；灰尘_‎ ‎7．cycle vi. 骑自行车_‎ ‎8．mask n. 面罩_‎ ‎9．carbon n. 碳_‎ ‎10．dioxide n. 二氧化物_‎ ‎11．melt vi. 融化_‎ ‎12．coastal adj. 沿海的_‎ Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．mass adj. 大量的；大规模的 ‎2．process n. 进程；过程 ‎3．forecast vt.[纵联1] 预报；预告 ‎4．atmosphere n. 大气；大气层；气氛 ‎5．chemical n. 化学药品 ‎6．environment n. 环境 ‎7．garbage n. 废料；垃圾 ‎8．recycle v. 重新利用；再循环 ‎9．scary adj. 恐怖的；吓人的 ‎10．absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．frightening adj.吓人的；可怕的→frightened adj.害怕的→frighten vt.使害怕→fright n．害怕；恐惧[纵联2]‎ ‎2．strength n．力量；力气→strengthen vt.加强→strong adj.强壮的；坚强的[纵联3]‎ ‎3．concerned adj.关心的；担心的；有关的→concern n．& vt.关心；担心；与……相关→concerning prep.关于；就……而言[纵联4]‎ ‎4．evidence n．根据；证明→evident adj.明显的 ‎5．major adj.主要的；多数的 vi.主修→majority n．大多数 ‎6．urgent adj.紧急的→urge vt.催促；极力主张→urgency n．紧急情况 ‎7．pollute vt.污染→pollution n．污染 ‎8．complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨 ‎9．protection n．保护→protect vt.保护 纵联1.fore前缀表示“前面，预先”‎ ‎①forecast v．预报　　　　　　 ②foretell v．预言 ‎③foresee v．预见 ④forehead n．前额 ‎⑤foreword n．前言 ⑥forewarn n．预先警告 纵联2.“可怕的”形容词小结 ‎①frightening吓人的；可怕的 ②scary恐怖的 ‎③terrible可怕的 ④horrible恐怖的 ‎⑤terrifying吓人的；可怕的 纵联3.后缀th名词集锦 ‎①strength力量 ②length长度 ‎③warmth温暖 ④truth真理 ‎⑤youth青春 ⑥depth深度 纵联4.常考的“ing”结尾的介词 ‎①concerning关于 ②regarding关于，至于 ‎③including包括，包含 ④considering考虑到 ‎⑤respecting关于，鉴于 单元话题——自然与救灾 子话题1　天气 ‎　①windy adj.多风的；有风的 ②breeze n．微风；和风 ‎③thunderstorm n．雷暴；雷暴雨 ④downpour n．倾盆大雨 ‎⑤damp adj.潮湿的 ⑥mist n．薄雾 ‎⑦smog n．烟雾 ⑧frost n．霜；霜冻 子话题2　自然灾害的救援及重建 ‎　①shelter n．庇护；避难所；避身处 ②survival n．幸存 ‎③survivor n．幸存者；残存物 ④rescue v．& n．营救；援救 ‎⑤confirm vt.确认；确定；证实 ⑥donate vt.捐赠；捐献 ‎⑦relief n．救济 ⑧recover v．恢复 ‎⑨disaster area灾区 ⑩rebuild v．重建 ‎⑪be stuck in困住；陷于 ⑫search for寻找；搜索 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C) When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading.It does point out that many❶ parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns❷ about increased screen time.‎ The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear 　❸　 (evident) of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.‎ ‎①写出many在本单元中的近义词：mass ‎②写出concerns在本单元中的同根形容词：concerned ‎③用evident的正确形式填空：evidence ‎2．(2015·安徽高考完形填空) All around the world, we can see the consequences of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish❶ just keep getting bigger.To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect❷ the environment, more governments are requiring people to 　❸　 (recyclable) materials.However, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.‎ ‎①写出rubbish在本单元的同义词：garbage ‎②写出protect的名词形式：protection。常用短语protect_...from意为：保护……不受……(危害)‎ ‎③用recyclable的正确形式填空：recycle。含有cycle词根的词还有bicycle, cyclist, motorcycle等 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·浙江高考写作)‎ 同时，我的马受惊吓了，跳起来，疯狂地四处奔跑。(frightened)‎ Meanwhile,_my_horse_got_frightened,_jumped_up,_and_ran_around_wildly.‎ ‎2．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)众所周知，大多数的排名基于其他人对产品或有关服务的评价。(concerned)‎ As_we_all_know,_most_of_the_ratings_are_based_on_others'_judgment_on_the_product_or_service_concerned.‎ ‎3．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)作为一个主要的消费信息渠道，在我们自己的消费中，排名是一种高效的购物信息来源。(major)‎ As_a_major_channel_of_consumption_information,_the_rating_is_an_efficient_source_of_information_for_shopping_in_our_own_consumption.‎ ‎4．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)妈妈抱怨很多，说尽管它的排名很高，但食物并不合我们的口味。(complain)‎ Mom_complained_a_lot,_and_said_that_despite_its_high_ratings,_the_food_was_not_to_our_taste.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．strength n．力量；力气；强度[C]长处；优势 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)strengths and weaknesses　　 优势和劣势 build up one's strength 增强体质 have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力量 with all one's strength 竭尽全力 ‎(2)strengthen v. 加强；增强；巩固 strong adj. 强壮的；坚强的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Great determination and ambition are his great strengths (strength)．‎ ‎②(2017·北京高考) One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen (strength) new memories.‎ ‎③Every morning I'm working out to build up my strength.‎ 补全句子 ‎④To beat the other teams, you have to know their strengths_and_weaknesses (优势和劣势)．‎ ‎⑤The patient was too weak to have_the_strength_to_stand_up (有站起来的力量)．‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑥(2015·广东高考写作)尽管DNA检测将有助于增强人们的健康意识，然而也很可能会导致过度焦虑。‎ While_DNA_test_will_help_strengthen_people's_health_consciousness,_it is more probable that it will lead to overanxiety.‎ ‎2．concerned adj.关心的；担心的；有关的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be concerned about/for　　 关心；挂念 be concerned in ... 牵扯进/参与……‎ be concerned with 与……有关；涉及 as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言 ‎(2)concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系 show/express one's concern about/for ‎ 对……表示关心/担心 ‎(3)concerning prep. 关于；就……而言 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Nowadays people are more concerned about/for the environment where they live.‎ ‎②In your last letter, we read stories concerning (concern) visitors from your country.‎ ‎③As/So far as I'm concerned (concern), it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones.‎ ‎④The theory of relativity is concerned with two seemingly opposite ideas.‎ ‎[用准]　concerned作形容词时，意为“关心的；挂念的；担心的”，充当前置定语；表示“相关的；有关的”，作定语时要后置。例如：a concerned look“关切的神色”；the authorities concerned“有关当局”。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)就我个人而言，你剪纸练习得越多，你就会越擅长它。‎ As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_the_more_you_practise_papercutting,_the_better_at_it_you_will_become.‎ ‎3．urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)in urgent need of　　 急需 ‎(2)urge vt. 催促；极力主张；强烈要求 n. 冲动；强烈的愿望；迫切的要求 urge sb.to do sth./into doing sth.‎ ‎ 力劝/催促某人做某事 ‎ 强烈要求/极力主张某人做某事 ‎(3)urgency n. 紧急；紧急情况 urgently adv. 紧急地；迫切地 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①In case of urgency (urge), call the police.‎ ‎②The people in the earthquakestricken area are in urgent (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters.‎ ‎③(2016·江苏高考) Parents should actively urge their children to_take (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.‎ 单句改错 ‎④They urged that the library was kept open during the vacation.was→be ‎⑤What is most urgent that the patient should get to hospital.What→It ‎[用准]　urge作“强烈要求；极力主张”之意后接宾语从句时，从句须用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥第三，我速度快，可以当场处理各种紧急情况。‎ Third,_I'm_fast_and_can_deal_with_all_kinds_of_urgent_cases_on_the_spot.‎ ‎4．complain v．抱怨；发牢骚；投诉 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth.(向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)发牢骚 complain (to sb.) that ...　　　 (向某人)抱怨……‎ ‎(2)complaint n. 抱怨；投诉；控告 make a complaint about/of sth. 抱怨/投诉某事 make a complaint to sb. 向某人抱怨/投诉 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I am now writing to make a complaint of/about the service of your hotel.‎ ‎②She complained to her friends about the barking of her neighbor's dog.‎ ‎③The police received several complaints (complain) about the noise from our party.‎ ‎[用准]　complain不能用于被动语态。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④一些高中学生抱怨他们没有时间阅读，因为他们有太多的家庭作业要做。‎ Some_of_the_senior_students_complained_that_they_had_no_time_to_read_because_they_had_too_much_homework_to_do.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Universities call on all the students to learn to recycle (重新利用) the waste paper.‎ ‎2．The weatherman has forecast (预报) that it will stay hot for another 5 days.‎ ‎3．Economic development is both consistent with and contradictory to environment (环境)．‎ ‎4．Cycling is an absolutely (绝对地) energysaving means of ‎ transportation.‎ ‎5．By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process (进程)．‎ ‎6．In life and work, many of us have used emoticons (表情符号) to send positive atmosphere (气氛) or soften statements.‎ ‎7．The leader is concerned (关心的) about the growth of younger generation.‎ ‎8．(2018·浙江高考)Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength (实力；优势)．‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．After three hours' walk in the sun, I didn't have the strength to_walk (walk) any further.‎ ‎2．There is convincing evidence (evident) that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing.‎ ‎3．It is urgent that food and clothing (should)_be_sent (send) to the sufferers.‎ ‎4．The shady trees provide protection (protect) against burning rays of the sun.‎ ‎5．The film is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place.‎ ‎6．We all are concerned about the increasingly polluted environment.‎ ‎7．I am writing to make a complaint (complain) about the mobile phone which I bought from your company.‎ ‎8．When it comes to education, the majority (major) of people believe that education is a lifetime study.‎ ‎9．For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival ‎ (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.‎ ‎10．The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly atmosphere.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Mike is a student at Howard University, majored in physics for a degree in Natural Science.majored→majoring ‎2．He did nothing but complaining to me about the food and the service of the restaurant.complaining→complain ‎3．The heavily polluting river near the chemical factory gives off a terrible smell.polluting→polluted ‎4．Beautiful as it is, this network of dependence is also frightened.frightened→frightening ‎5．Our government is determined to solve those problems that farmers are most concerned.concerned后加about/for Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．(2016·四川高考书面表达)夏天使我充满精力，我感到我有力气做我生活中最难的事情。(strength)‎ Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have_the_strength_to_do the most difficult thing in my life.‎ ‎2．就我个人而言，骑自行车是个很好的解决方法。(concerned)‎ As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_riding bicycles is a good solution.‎ ‎3．一个学生，他的朋友们擅长学习，可能被催促更加努力学习并得到好的分数。(urge)‎ A student whose friends are good at academics may be_urged_to_study harder and get good grades.‎ ‎4．我惊奇地发现他竟然对我们如此粗鲁。我将向他的公司进行投诉。(complaint)‎ I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to us.I shall make_a_complaint_to_his_company.‎ ‎5．大多数人摄入的脂肪太多，纤维不足，这对他们的健康很不利。(majority)‎ The_majority_of people take in too much fat and not enough fibre, which does great harm to their health.‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．as_a_result_of　　　　　　　　 由于；因为 ‎2．cut_down 砍倒；减少；削减 ‎3．have_a_bad_effect_on 对……有坏影响 ‎4．take_in 吸收；欺骗；理解 ‎5．be_caught_in 突然遭遇(风暴等)；被困住 ‎6．one_after_another [串记1] 一个接一个地 ‎7．look_through 浏览；仔细检查 ‎8．in_a_nutshell [串记2] 简言之；概括地讲 ‎9．give_out 放出；发出 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“一个接一个地”说一说 ‎①one after another 一个接一个地 ‎②one by one 一个接一个地 ‎③one after the other 相继地；一个接一个地 ‎④from one ...to another 从一个……到另一个 ‎⑤one another 互相 ‎⑥one and all 各位；每个人；大家 串记2.“总之”可以这样表达 ‎①in a nutshell简言之；概括地讲 ②in a word总之 ‎③all in all总之 ④in short简言之 ‎⑤in brief简言之 ⑥to sum up总之 ‎⑦in summary总之 ⑧on the whole总体来说 ‎1．a major disaster 一个主要灾难 ‎2．solve this problem 解决这个问题 ‎3．a mass campaign 一场大规模的运动 ‎4．strong enough 足够强 ‎5．because of climate changes 因为气候变化 ‎6．improve the environment 改善环境 ‎7．think seriously about 认真考虑 ‎8．put the garbage into different bags ‎ 把垃圾放到不同的袋子里 ‎1．They are often so_thick_that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.‎ 沙尘常常弥漫以至于你连太阳都看不见，风力有时强到可以移动沙丘。‎ ‎2．The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes_it_difficult_to_see.‎ 暴风有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。‎ ‎3．The garbage is then taken away and, if_possible,_recycled.‎ 然后垃圾将被运走，如果可能的话，予以回收利用。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语和句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2016·10月浙江高考完形填空) Then I asked him if he had_cut_down (减少) the amount of feed he had given the chickens.‎ ‎2．(2016·北京高考完形填空)At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his way.He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹) to get around them.Conditions were so_bad_that (如此坏以至于) it was impossible for him to find the trail again.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇升级)‎ ‎1．(2017·北京高考书面表达)The editing part after that was tough.We debated over what to put_into (放进) the video.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) Besides, I advise you to go to the bookstore to borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you better understand the poems to be learned.(用本单元短语替换加黑词)take_in ‎3．(2018·北京高考书面表达)北京发展如此之快，你永远想象不到明年会是什么样子。(so ...that ...引导结果状语从句)‎ So_fast_is_Beijing_developing_that you can never imagine what it will be like next year.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．cut down砍倒；削减；删节；减少；降低；改小或缩短(衣服)；夺去……的生命 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中cut down的含义 ‎①My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut ‎ down.减少 ‎②This article is too long, and you have to cut it down to 1,000 words.删节 ‎③Immediate actions should be taken, like stopping cutting down trees, to better the environment.砍倒 ‎④Hunger, cold and illness cut down many of the villagers.夺去……的生命 ‎[记牢]‎ cut in　　　　　　　　 插话；让(某人)分享利润 cut up 切碎；使伤心 cut out 删除；裁剪 cut through 穿过；挤进；开辟 cut off 切断；中止；隔绝；剥夺继承权 ‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎⑤We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cell phone was out of power.‎ ‎⑥It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑦众所周知，吸烟对我们的健康有害，你最好戒烟或者至少减少吸烟量。‎ As_is_known_to_us,_smoking_is_harmful_to_our_health.You'd_better_quit_smoking_or_at_least_cut_down_the_amount_of_smoking.‎ ‎2．take in 吸收；收留；包括；理解；领会；欺骗 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中take in的含义 ‎①The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.收留 ‎②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic ‎ knowledge.吸收 ‎③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括 ‎④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by cheaters.欺骗 ‎⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解 ‎[记牢]‎ take away　　　　 拿走；夺走 take down 写下，记下；拆卸 take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take on 接纳；雇用；呈现；承担 take up 拿起；接受；占据；开始从事；继续 take over 接管；接任；控制 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎⑥It's reported that he will take over the company next year.‎ ‎⑦Her career took off after she won a prize on TV's “Star Search”．‎ ‎⑧I know how busy you must be and naturally I won't want to take up too much of your time.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑨现在我的饮食是有规律的，我不会在睡觉前吃很多食物，我的身体变得健康起来。‎ Now_my_diet_is_regular.I_won't_take_in_much_food_before_sleeping_and_my_body_is_becoming_healthy.‎ ‎3．look through浏览；仔细检查 ‎[记牢]‎ look into　　　　　　　　 调查；了解 look up 抬头看；查阅；查找 look up to (sb.) 仰视；尊敬；赞赏(某人)‎ look forward to 盼望；期待 look down upon/on 瞧不起；轻视 look back on/at 回顾；回想(某事)‎ look after 照顾 look ahead (to sth.) 展望未来；为将来设想 ‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He happened to be looking through the medical book Gray's Anatomy at the time.‎ ‎②You're a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of the younger ones look up to you.‎ ‎③The children are looking forward to receiving (receive) lucky money, playing happily with each other, and setting off fireworks excitedly.‎ 补全句子 ‎④We looked_up_some_useful_information at the accident scene so that we can look_into_the_matter_further.‎ 我们在事故现场查找一些有用的信息以便我们能进一步调查这件事情。‎ ‎⑤It is time for us to look_back_on_the_past_and_look_ahead_to_the_future when the new year comes.‎ 当新年到来时，该是我们回顾过去、展望未来的时候了。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥在我上中学期间，我曾经是一名志愿者，周末在养老院照顾老人。‎ During_my_stay_in_middle_school,_I_used_to_be_a_volunteer_and_looked_after_the_old_people_in_a_nursing_home_on_weekends.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ so ...that ...引导结果状语从句 ‎[教材原句]　They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)Keeping a learning diary every day is so_important_that I would like to introduce it to you.‎ 每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，以至于我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。‎ ‎(2)He was so_responsible_a_teacher_that we were all deeply moved.‎ 他是一位如此负责的老师，以至于我们都被深深地感动了。‎ ‎(3)There were so_many_books_in_the_shop_that he didn't know which to buy.‎ 书店里那么多书，以至于他不知道该买哪些。‎ ‎(4)Dalian is such_an_attractive_place_that lots of tourists visit the city every year.‎ 大连是一个如此吸引人的地方，以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。‎ ‎(5)He has made such_great_progress_that the teachers are pleased with him.‎ 他进步很快，老师们对他感到很满意。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)so＋ adj./adv.＋that ... ‎ ‎(2)so＋ adj.＋a(n)＋n.(可数名词单数)＋that ... ‎ ‎(3)so＋many/few/much/little (少)＋n.(可数名词复数/不可数名词)＋that ... ‎ ‎(4)such＋a(n)＋ adj.＋n.(可数名词单数)＋that ... ‎ ‎(5)such＋ adj.＋n.(可数名词 复数/不可数名词)＋that ...‎ 注意事项 当so＋形容词/副词及such ...放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。例如：‎ So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding the bicycle.‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018·浙江高考写作) My father telephoned the police station, but it couldn't get through.It was so far away that there was no signal.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2018·江苏高考书面表达)Everyone is faced with such wonderful commodities every day that they find they are difficult to choose from.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 as a result of， cut down， have a bad effect on， take in， be caught in， one after another， look through， in a nutshell ‎1．Even though the computer games had_a_bad_effect_on him, he still went his own way.‎ ‎2．I will extremely appreciate it if my advice gets approved.In_a_nutshell,_what I want to tell you is that Chinese is very easy to get on with.‎ ‎3．Having adjusted themselves to Earth's gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one_after_another.‎ ‎4．I have looked_through all my papers but I still can't find my notes.‎ ‎5．It's said that nonsmokers who take_in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves.‎ ‎6．We were_caught_in a rainstorm on the way here.‎ ‎7．Deserts are also created because people cut_down trees and dig up grass.‎ ‎8．Britain and France declared war against Germany in 1939 as_a_result_of the invasion of Poland.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．作为一名学生，你应该把心思放到学习上。(put ...into ...)‎ As a student, you should put_your_heart_into_study.‎ ‎2．他的发明如此实用以至于很快就获得了专利。(so ...that)‎ His invention was so_practical_that he soon got a patent.‎ ‎3．这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。(make it＋adj.＋to do)‎ This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.‎ ‎4．如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。(状语从句的省略)‎ If_possible,_try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.‎ ‎5．He spoke so loudly that every people in the next room could hear him.(改为部分倒装句)‎ ‎→So_loudly_did_he_speak_that every people in the next room could hear him.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 如果说某些自然灾害无法抗拒，那么有些灾害却是人类自己造成的，比如沙尘暴(sandstorms)、酸雨(acid rain)。请以沙尘暴和酸雨为例并根据下面的提示用英语写一篇保护环境的短文，呼吁人们爱护人类的生存环境，造福后代。‎ ‎1．原因：人类过度砍伐，乱排乱放污染物。‎ ‎2．措施：……‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文为议论文，应用一般现在时以及第一人称写作。本写作有两个要点：要点1为简述人类自己造成的自然灾害(沙尘暴和酸雨)及其原因(过度砍伐和乱排乱放污染物)；要点2为介绍具体的措施。本写作具有较大的开放性，对考生的写作能力提出了较高的要求。要点2表述比较宽泛，需要细化处理，可以从常见的具体做法上来进行表达，如植树、立法、教育等。‎ 要点1－①：人们遭受了许多自然灾害，但一些灾害是由人类造成的，比如沙尘暴和酸雨。‎ People_have_suffered_many_natural_disasters,_but_some_disasters_are_caused_by_men,_such_as_sandstorms_and_acid_rain.‎ 要点1－②：人们砍伐了太多的森林，但是没有重新种植树木。‎ People_have_cut_down_too_many_forests_but_haven't_replanted_the_trees.‎ 要点1－③：下雨的时候，土壤被冲走，大片的土地变成了沙漠。‎ When_it_rains,_soil_is_washed_away_and_large_areas_of_land_become_desert.‎ 要点1－④：许多工厂直接将未经处理的水倾倒入河流中，并将有毒气体排放到空气中。(untreated)‎ Many_factories_pour_untreated_water_into_rivers_directly,_and_release_poisonous_gas_into_the_air.‎ 要点2－①：我们应该种植更多的树木并好好照顾它们。(take care of)‎ We_should_plant_more_trees_and_take_good_care_of_them.‎ 要点2－②：必须制定法律来监督或惩罚那些破坏环境的人。(被动语态， monitor)‎ Laws_must_be_made_to_monitor_or_punish_those_who_damage_the_environment.‎ 要点2－③：最重要的是教会人们如何保护地球，以便造福子孙后代。(preserve, so that)‎ What_is_most_important_is_to_teach_people_how_to_preserve_the_earth,_so_that_it_will_benefit_the_following_generations.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展。要点1－②可以添加时间状语(多年来)和目的状语(为了自己的利益)；要点1－③可以增加其产生的后果“当强风吹起时，沙尘暴就会发生”；要点1－④可以用非限制性定语从句拓展其“后果”；在表述要点2前，需要用“为了保护我们的地球，我们应该停止这种破坏”来进行衔接，使文章过渡自然。‎ 拓展要点1－②：多年来，人们为了自己的利益砍伐了太多的森林，但是没有重新种植树木。(用介词短语作状语)‎ For_many_years,_people_have_cut_down_too_many_forests_for_‎ their_own_benefit_but_haven't_replanted_the_trees.‎ 补充要点1－③：当强风吹起时，沙尘暴就会发生。(用when引导的时间状语从句)‎ Sandstorms_occur_when_strong_wind_blows.‎ 拓展要点1－④：许多工厂直接将未经处理的水倾倒入河流中，并将有毒气体排放到空气中，从而导致酸雨。(用which引导的非限制性定语从句)‎ Many_factories_pour_untreated_water_into_rivers_directly,_and_release_poisonous_gas_into_the_air,_which_causes_acid_rain.‎ 补充衔接句：为了保护我们的地球，我们应该停止这种破坏。(不定式作目的状语)‎ To_protect_our_earth,_we_should_stop_such_destruction.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本文可以分成两段，每段都先写一个总起句，即每段都写成“总—分”结构。第一段用“人们遭受了许多自然灾害，但一些灾难是由人类造成的，如沙尘暴和酸雨”总起；第二段用“为了保护我们的地球，我们应该停止这种破坏”。本文的两个要点内容需要进行巧妙连接，以免显得突兀跳跃。第一个要点可使用并列连词so， and， besides进行连接。第二个要点可以用what's more进行有机地整合。‎ People_have_suffered_many_natural_disasters,_but_some_disasters_are_caused_by_men,_such_as_sandstorms_and_acid_rain.For_many_years,_people_have_cut_down_too_many_forests_for_their_own_benefit_but_haven't_replanted_the_trees.So_when_it_rains,_soil_is_washed_away_and_large_areas_of_land_become_desert.And_sandstorms_occur_when_strong_wind_blows.Besides,_many_factories_pour_untreated_water_into_rivers_directly,_and_release_poisonous_gas_into_the_air,_which_causes_acid_rain.‎ To_protect_our_earth,_we_should_stop_such_destruction.We_should_plant_more_trees_and_take_good_care_of_them.What's_more,_laws_must_be_made_to_monitor_or_punish_those_who_damage_the_environment.What_is_most_important_is_to_teach_people_how_to_preserve_the_earth,_so_that_it_will_benefit_the_following_generations.‎ 理清文体结构之(十六)　议论文之分总结构——把握分论点，关注结论是关键 ‎“分总结构”类议论文一般在文章前半部分有相对一致的句式或相互照应的词语来表现分的关系，让文章思路清晰，使读者一目了然。结尾的“总”一般为文章的论点，是文章的结论及核心。把握住分论点并找到论点对理解全文大意至关重要，然后迅速浏览题干，根据题目要求回原文中找对应信息，便可准确解题。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[高考典例]　2015·四川卷·E篇 ‎[读文划分结构]‎ 分 ‎[1]No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock ’n’ roll. Longago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.‎ ‎[2]“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.‎ ‎[3]People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one ‎→论点1：滚动移石(可解50题)‎ ——建造困难　　　‎ 论点2：滑动移石 ‎ (可解46题)‎ ——实例论证　　　‎ — ‎ kilometer away.‎ ‎[4]The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds (滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.‎ ‎[5]Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.‎ ‎[6]However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, ’Why don’t they just try rolling the things？’”A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”．‎ ‎[7]So he tried it.‎ ‎[8]He and his students tied some poles to each of 结论：滚动移石比滑动 移石有优势(可解49题)‎ 总 ‎ four sides of a 30kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.‎ ‎[9]They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery (滑的) path.‎ ‎[10]West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.‎ ‎[定区间·细比对]‎ ‎46．It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ________.‎ A．rolling them on roads B．pushing them over the sand C．sliding them on smooth paths D．dragging them on some poles ‎49．Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?‎ A．Because more force is needed for sliding.‎ B．Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.‎ C．Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.‎ D．Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.‎ ‎50．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ B．An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ C．An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ D．An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ ‎[答案]　46.C　49.D　50.D ‎46．普遍的移石观点第4段，由论点2比对即可得出答案。‎ ‎49．滚动移石的优势最后一段，由结论归纳得出答案。‎ ‎50．文章主旨全文结构，由分论点和结论归纳可得出答案。‎