2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型解读课件（22张）

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型解读课件（22张）

议 论 文 2019 届二轮复习阅读理解专题 议论文的功能就是说服他人、宣扬主张。说服读者接受某种意见或采取某种行为，目的是 to persuade ， to influence 。其典型结构模式是：提出论点 + 提供论据 ( 例证 )+ 明确结论，也就是按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。阅读议论文的关键是：抓论点。体现论点的主旨句多在文首或文尾、段首或段尾，这些都是阅读的重点部分。 考纲词汇过关 ( 练前预习，练中理解，练后巩固 ) evidence n . _______ mount _______ vi . (increase, rise) decline _______ vi . (decrease, fall) expose vt . _______ situation n . ___________ data n . _______ I am convinced that… _______ additional adj . _______ virtually adv . _______ ( 十三 ) 证据 增加 下降 暴露 情况，形势 数据 我相信 额外的 实际上 minority n . __________ commit crime _______ pregnancy n . _______ extended adj . _______ administrator n . _________ a well-rounded education ____________ sacrifice v . _______ increasingly adv . ____________ opportunity n . ________________ competitor n . _______ 少数民族 犯罪 怀孕 延长的 管理者 全面的教育 牺牲 越来越多地 机会 ( 超纲常用 ) 竞争者 A. SAT scores are falling. B. School days in America become longer. C. Many schools are sacrificing basic subjects. D. The black-white achievement gap is narrow. 1. Which of the following is the proof of the dangerous situation of American education? 1. A 细节理解题。 第一段第二句说美国统计数据报告显示出现了危险的情况。接下来列出相关证据，其中之一是“学业能力倾向测验的成绩在下降”，故选 A 项。 A. It can narrow the black-white achievement gap. B. It is good for children to improve their health. C. It can reduce the chance of youngster’s crimes. D. It can avoid children’s self-destructive behavior. 2. What’s the advantage of extending the school day? 2. C 细节理解题。 由第二段第一句中的 “Longer school days can lead to fewer crimes committed by young people” 可知，延长上学日可以减少青少年犯罪。故选 C 项。 A. The extension of school days. B. The increase in the crime rate. C. The decline in teen pregnancy. D. The loss of a well-rounded education. 3. What is hurting children across America? 3. D 推理判断题。 根据第二段的第二、三、四句可知，现在很多学校牺牲了社会科学、艺术和体育等课程的教学，以便学生们学习诸如数学、英语和科学等课程，这种做法给全美的孩子带来了伤害。故选 D 项。 A. It will hurt single-parent families. B. Children won’t be well-developed. C. Children will commit crimes after school. D. Children won’t help their parents do housework. 4. What will probably happen if children do not have colorful activities? 4. C 细节理解题。 由第四段第一句可知，有充分的证据表明孩子们没有参加丰富的活动时，在放学后的几小时内青少年犯罪率和怀孕率会迅速上升。故选 C 项。 考纲词汇过关 ( 练前预习，练中理解，练后巩固 ) virus n . _____________ worldwide adj . _____________ security n . ______ totally adv . _________ acquire vt . _____________ legal adj . ________ ( ［反］ illegal) ( 十四 ) 计算机病毒 遍及全球的 安全 完全地 获得，得到 合法的 purchase v . ______ weaken vt . ___________________ strengthen vt . _______ at risk of _________________ lawbreaker n . _________ terrorist n . ___________ update vt . _______ 购买 ( 使 ) 削弱 ; ( 使 ) 变弱 加强 处于 …… 的危险 犯法者 恐怖分子 更新 A. It is a totally new computer virus. B. Only some Asian countries are influenced by the virus. C. The virus is out of control. D. Computer security agencies have made an effective response to it. 1. What can we learn about “WannaCry”? 1. D 事实细节题。 由第一段第二句 “ With computer security agencies taking responsive measures, the attack has weakened. ” 可知，由于及时采取有效的措施，病毒袭击已经有所减弱。 A. A secret defensive channel in a computer system. B. A virus to damage a computer system. C. A back entrance to an Internet company. D. An electronic device for attacking terrorists. 2. What does the underlined word “backdoor” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? 2. A 词义猜测题。 由画线部分所在的第三段第一句 “ …whether electronic device producers should leave a “backdoor” for legal enforcers to better strike at terrorists.” 可知“ backdoor” （后门）为电脑系统里的一个秘密通道，帮助更好的打击不法行为。 A. It can save you much money. B. It can store all of your personal information. C. It is safer and can be updated. D. It helps you form a good habit. 3. Why is it important to purchase and use genuine software? 3. C 事实细节题。 由第五段第二句 “ If a computer user updates his or her windows operating system regularly, he or she is relatively safe. ” 和第五段第四句“ However, only genuine software could be updated. ” 使用正版系统更安全，而且可以随时升级。 A. Try to use genuine products B. Lessons to learn from WannaCry attack C. How to protect your computer D. An unstoppable computer virus 4. What may be the best title for the text? 4. B 主旨大意题。 由第二段第一句“ The incident teaches us at least two lessons. ” 可知本文着重介绍了电脑病毒“ WannaCry” 袭击后所引发的思考和应从中总结到的教训，故选 B 项。 考纲词汇过关 ( 练前预习，练中理解，练后巩固 ) go off ___________________ work out ______________ mindlessly adv . ___________ approach n . __________ look in the mirror ________ routine n . ________________ narrow down ________________ energy and focus ______________ make an effect on ______________ live a fulfilling life ________________ ( 十五 ) ( 闹钟等 ) 突然响起 演算出；解决 无意识地 处理方式 照镜子 惯例；日常事务 ( 使 ) 减少，缩小 精力和注意力 对 …… 有影响 过上充实的生活 A. Check their cellphones. B. Go over the day’s to-do list. C. Get up at once to do some exercise. D. Continue to take a little nap. 1. What do most people usually do when they wake up? 1. A 细节理解题。 根据第二段第二句 “In fact, 60 percent of people check their phones immediately when they wake up...” 可知，大多 数人醒来后的第一件事是看手机。故选 A 项。 A. He started to be afraid of death. B. He only cared to look in the mirror. C. He tried to do more satisfying things. D. He only kept asking himself the question. 2. What would Jobs do after he read the quote about death? 2. C 推理判断题。 从第四段中的“ you’ll start filling your days with more satisfying things” 中得知： Jobs 反对别人无所事事浪费时间，可以反推他自己应该是率先做到了“努力做更多令人满意的事”，从而让生活变得充实。故选 C 项。 3. What can it mainly help us do to ask ourselves the question every day? A. To enjoy the last day of life. B. To try to make life fulfilling. C. To spend the special day peacefully. D. To get a better understanding of life. 3. B 判断推理题。 由第三段中的“ Doing so （指问自己这个问题） , he said, will change the way we approach our day-to-day lives. ” 和第四段中的“ Asking yourself this powerful question every day…you find fulfillment in it. ” 可知，常问这个“问题”可以让我们每天都能自觉地做一些有意义的事情，从而使得我们的生活变得更加充实。故选 B 项。 A. Using cellphones in bed. B. Surfing the Internet mindlessly. C. Caring about what others think of us. D. Spending time with family and friends. 4. According to the writer, which of the following can make more sense to life? 4. D 细节理解题。 由第四段中的“ Instead of wasting time…you’ll start filling your days with more satisfying things, such as spending time with family and friends. ” 可知，与其做一些无用的事，倒不如“多陪家人和朋友”更有意义。故选 D 项。 THANK YOU!