2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之一：名词

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之一：名词

‎2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之一：名词 第一层级|抓牢“词法”——保基本分 ‎ ‎ ‎(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ Our school, Chairo, has a strong service philosophy that covers two of our core values, namely “lifelong learning” and “lifelong serving”. All 1.________ (student) are encouraged to become actively involved in various 2.________ (program) and numerous opportunities exist at all 3._________(level) throughout the country.‎ Teams of 4.________ and students from our school are sent to every part across the whole country and other 5.________(country) regularly to participate in diverse programs, including a regular English Teaching Tour that visits our partner school in China. As a school, we are always seeking different service 6.________ (opportunity), which will encourage our students to devote their time and 7.________ (effort) to assisting those more needy than themselves.‎ As a matter of fact, numerous programs aiming at helping the needy and the elderly within our local 8.________(community) also occur throughout each year, including an annual activity, Service Week. While these programs do assist those in need, it is also exciting to witness the personal 9.________(grow) that occurs among our participating students. These reallife experiences strengthen 10.________(student) teamwork effectively in order to better serve the society for life.‎ 答案：1.students　2.programs　3.levels　4.staff ‎5．countries　6.opportunities　7.efforts　8.communities ‎9．growth　10.students'‎ ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向 解题规则 ‎1.填名词的单复数 若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。‎ ‎1.不定冠词a，an后用名词单数形式。‎ ‎2．有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时名词用复数形式。(如题1，2，3)‎ ‎3．名词前有one of 时用名词复数形式。‎ ‎4．如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。‎ ‎5．不可数名词没有复数形式。‎ ‎6牢记单复数相同的名词。‎ ‎2.填名词的所有格 提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。(如题10)‎ ‎1.单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's。‎ ‎2．以s或es结尾的复数名词，形式为s'或es'。‎ ‎3.派生为名词 作句子的主语、宾语(包括介词的宾语)时，一般设空处填名词。(如题9)‎ ‎(三)重点强化 ‎1．名词变复数的5规则变化：‎ ‎(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加s: book→books, mouth→mouths, house→houses, girl→girls ‎(2)以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在词尾加es: glass→glasses, box→boxes, match→matches, brush→brushes ‎(3)以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es: city→cities, country→countries, party→parties, factory→factories ‎(4)以o结尾的名词常在词尾加s: radio→radios, zoo→zoos, piano→pianos, kilo→kilos, photo→photos；加es的有：hero→heroes, Negro→Negroes, tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes ‎(5)以f，fe结尾的名词 ‎①少数直接加s: roof→roofs, belief→beliefs ‎②一般以f或fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加es: self→selves, life→lives, thief→thieves, wife→wives, knife→knives, leaf→leaves, shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, half→halves ‎2．可数名词复数的不规则变化：‎ ‎(1)单复数同形的名词：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means (手段), works (工厂), series (系列)等 ‎(2)复数形式有特殊变化的名词：‎ child→children foot→feet man→men mouse→mice woman→women tooth→teeth criterion(标准)→criteria medium(传播媒介)→media ‎(一)考点练悟 下文中共有6处错误，每句中最多有一处。请找出并改正。‎ Recently, a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the Great Wall. In fact, this happens in many place of interest. I have some suggestion to solve this problem. ‎ First, make more poster to inform the public of the damage of ‎ graffiti (涂鸦). Besides, punishments, such as a fine, are necessary to tourists with such bad behavior. Also, I think it's helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attraction where tourists are permitted to leave messages.‎ I'm sure with our effort, more and more people will become concerned about protecting cultural relics.‎ 答案：第一句：angry→anger 第二句：place→places 第三句：suggestion→suggestions 第四句：poster→posters 第六句：attraction→attractions 第七句：effort→efforts ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向 解题规则 ‎1.名词的数与格的错用 根据名词前的修饰成分或者名词本身，判定名词的数与格是否正确。‎ ‎1.可数名词前由不定冠词a或an修饰，一般用单数形式，由数词、量词修饰一般用复数形式。‎ ‎2．不可数名词没有复数形式；因此熟记不可数名词(如advice, news, progress, housework, information等)是解题关键。‎ ‎3．有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，应注意具体语境。‎ ‎4．有些名词常常漏掉名词所有格，在表示“……的”时常用名词所有格。‎ ‎2.名词与形容词、名词与动词的错用 结合语境分析句子成分，由所充当的句子成分判断词性的正误。‎ ‎1.名词一般在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。‎ ‎2．作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词，形容词一般是对主语的描述。‎ ‎3．在冠词、所有格或介词后一般用名词。‎