【英语】2019届二轮复习短文改错专题解题指导6：句法错误（9页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习短文改错专题解题指导6：句法错误（9页）

‎2019届二轮复习短文改错专题解题指导6： 句法错误 错误1——连接词、从句引导词有误 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.‎ ‎ ‎ they→that/which　[things是先行词，后面是定语从句，they不能引导定语从句，故用that/which引导。]‎ ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.‎ ‎ ‎ where→that或去掉where　[found后为宾语从句，引导词不作句子成分只起连接作用，应用that引导，而且that可省略。 ]‎ ‎3．(2017·桂林市校际联考)Although we must have a fast step, but I don't think we should have fast food.‎ ‎ ‎ 去掉but　[although或though和but不能同时放在同一个句子里。]‎ ‎4．(2017·西安市第八十三中学模拟)I was about to leave while the owner of the shop waved at me.‎ ‎ ‎ while→when　[考查句式be about to do sth. when ...意为“正要做某事，这时……”。]‎ ‎5．(2017·赤峰市模拟)It's true what honesty is more important than money! ‎ ‎ ‎ what→that　[it作形式主语，后面的句子为真正的主语，引导词在从句中无任何意义而且不作任何成分，故应用that。]‎ ‎6．(2017·临汾一中联考)It's not easy for us to accept the fact which we are going to leave our beloved school.‎ ‎ ‎ which→that　[the fact后为同位语从句，引导词在从句中无任何意义而且不作任何成分，应用that。]‎ ‎7．(2017·青岛市模拟)And I'll never forget the days when we spent together.‎ ‎ ‎ when→that/which或去掉when　[the days后面为定语从句，引导词在从句中作spent的宾语，应用that/which引导，也可省略引导词。]‎ ‎8．(2017·潍坊实验中学模拟)At 16, I left home to do parttime jobs, where made me understand “East or west, home is the best” better. ‎ ‎ ‎ where→which　[第二个逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，引导词作主语且代替前面的整个句子，故用which引导。]‎ ‎9．(2017·福州八中质检)No matter how you do, you must do it well even if you may fail many times.‎ ‎ ‎ how→what　[此处应用no matter what引导让步状语从句，其中what作do的宾语。]‎ ‎10．(2017·湖北省七市联考)So instead of giving us answers immediately, she encourages us to think carefully every time when she puts forward questions. ‎ ‎ ‎ 去掉when　[every time引导时间状语从句，when属于多余的词。]‎ 感悟与反思：1. 并列连词在句法上的错误主要有两种情况：①受汉语影响而引起的连词的多余，例如汉语中可以说“尽管……，但是……”，“因为……，所以……”，但是英语中although/though不能与but连用，because不能与so 连用。②常考句式：be doing/be about to do ...when ...中when的应用；“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中and/or的应用。‎ ‎2. 从句引导词在句法上的错误主要有四种情况：①状语从句的引导词错误。②状语从句引导词的重复。③定语从句关系代词与关系副词的错用。④名词性从句中连接词、连接代词与连接副词的错用，尤其是连接词that与连接代词what的错用。‎ 错误2——谓语动词有误 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.‎ ‎ ‎ had→have　[通过时间状语in the past few years可判定应用现在完成时。]‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.‎ ‎ ‎ using→used　[fresh vegetables and high quality oil与use之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。]‎ ‎3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony was scared and begun to cry.‎ ‎ ‎ begun→began　[这里是对过去发生的事情的客观叙述，应用一般过去时，故begun应改为began。]‎ ‎4．(2017·青岛市模拟)Last week, I take part in the Cultural Exchange Week.‎ ‎ ‎ take→took　[通过last week可判定应用一般过去时。]‎ ‎5．(2017·长沙市联考)To collect opinions from the public, an online survey has made these days.‎ ‎ ‎ has后加been　[an online survey与make之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。]‎ ‎6．(2017·山西大学附中模拟)Next week, I was going to a reception at the City Hall.‎ ‎ ‎ was→am　[根据next week可判定用一般将来时，故was改为am。]‎ ‎7．(2017·揭阳市模拟)It was the first time that I have played on the stage.‎ ‎ ‎ have→had　[在It/This be the first/second ...time that ... 句式中，若be为is，则that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；若be为was，则that从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。]‎ ‎8．(2017·太原五中模拟)After I elected chairman of the students' union of our school, I decided to start a school English newspaper for us students.‎ ‎ ‎ elected前加was　[I与elect为被动关系，应用被动语态。]‎ ‎9．(2017·西安市模拟)In short, learning to regard the challenges of life as a stepping stone to future success and make the best of them.‎ ‎ ‎ learning→learn　[此处应为祈使句，故learning改为learn。] ‎ ‎10．(2017·南昌二中模拟)He is continually being told not to do this, not to do that, or being punished for what he had done wrong.‎ ‎ ‎ had→has　[主句谓语动词的时态为现在进行时，what引导宾语从句，其动作发生在主句表示的动作之前，应用现在完成时。]‎ 感悟与反思：谓语动词错误主要有三种情况：①动词的形式错误：过去式与过去分词错用。②时态、语态的错用：应根据时间状语或逻辑关系判定时态和语态。③误把动词用作非谓语动词。‎ 错误3——非谓语动词有误 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. ‎ ‎ ‎ wear→wearing　[by doing sth.通过做某事。by为介词，后跟动词ing形式。]‎ ‎2．(2017·云南师大附中模拟)It was very cold outside but they didn't enter the shop, just stood at the shop window.‎ ‎ ‎ stood→standing或逗号后加and　[逗号后应为现在分词短语作伴随状语，也可在逗号后加and让didn't enter与stood并列。]‎ ‎3．(2017·廊坊市质检)Others may argue that uniforms are likely to prevent students from think freely. ‎ ‎ ‎ think→thinking　[介词from后应用动词ing形式作宾语。]‎ ‎4．(2017·巢湖市模拟)Every day he spends more than one hour examine my homework.‎ ‎ ‎ examine→examining　[spend time (in) doing sth.花时间做某事，为固定短语。]‎ ‎5．(2017·蚌埠二中模拟)I am writing to keep you informing of something about the severe situation that they are faced with presently.‎ ‎ ‎ informing→informed　[keep后跟复合宾语，you与inform之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。]‎ ‎6．(2017·开封市一模)More tourists are expected to travelling around Tibet in the second half of this year.‎ ‎ ‎ travelling→travel　[expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事，变为被动语态后不定式作主语补足语。]‎ ‎7．(2017·青岛市模拟)As for me, I am looking forward to spend this precious time with my family before I leave for my college.‎ ‎ ‎ spend→spending　[look forward to中的to为介词，后应跟动词ing形式作宾语。]‎ ‎8．(2017·沈阳市模拟)First, talk to someone you trust is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.‎ ‎ ‎ talk→talking　[is前为句子的主语，应改为动名词形式作主语。]‎ ‎9．(2017·河北定州中学模拟)With Teachers' Day draw near, I would like to express my thanks to Ms. Li, who taught me English last year.‎ ‎ ‎ draw→drawing　[with复合结构中，Teachers' Day与draw为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。]‎ ‎10. (2017·邯郸市模拟)On the other hand, his spoken English is so excellent that he has no difficulty communicate with you in English. ‎ ‎ ‎ communicate→communicating　[have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难，故communicate改为communicating。]‎ 感悟与反思：非谓语动词错误主要有两种情况：①非谓语动词错用：应根据非谓语动词的功能及所作成分来判定用哪种非谓语动词。一般来说，不定式表示尚未发生，动词ing形式表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成。②误将非谓语动词用作谓语动词。‎ 错误4——助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气有误 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.‎ ‎ ‎ chose→choose　[情态动词后跟动词原形，chose的原形是choose。]‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.‎ ‎ ‎ 去掉can或can→should　[suggest在此处表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。]‎ ‎3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)We must found ways to protect our environment.‎ ‎ ‎ found→find　[情态动词后跟动词原形，found的原形是find。] ‎ ‎4．(2015·四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them?‎ ‎ ‎ are→were　[根据语境，此处是对现在事实的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时。]‎ ‎5．(2017·青岛市模拟)It is high time that we prevent drunk driving.‎ ‎ ‎ prevent→prevented或prevent前加should　[在it's time that ...句式中，that从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形。]‎ ‎6．(2017·石家庄市一模)Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraged, my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them.‎ ‎ ‎ must→could　[根据语境可知，该句表示“过去本能够做但却未做”，故用could have done。]‎ ‎7．(2017·成都经开区实验高级中学模拟)Therefore, we strongly suggested that similar events held more and more in the future!‎ ‎ ‎ held前加be　[suggest在此处表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)＋动词原形”，其被动语态为(should) be done。]‎ ‎8．(2017·成都市模拟)In my opinion, by doing parttime jobs, college students must gain some social experience and broaden their outlooks. ‎ ‎ ‎ must→can　[根据语境可知，此处表示通过做业余工作能够获得社会经验，而不是一定获得。]‎ ‎9．(2017·蚌埠市模拟)However, it's high time that immediate measures must be taken. ‎ ‎ ‎ must→should　[在it's time that ...句式中，that从句的谓语动词可用should＋动词原形，其被动结构为should be done或过去时。]‎ ‎10．(2017·银川一中二模)I suggest that our school must take measures to encourage more students to take part in sports.‎ ‎ ‎ must→should或去掉must　[suggest在此处表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)＋动词原形”，should可省略。]‎ 感悟与反思：助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气错误主要有三种情况：①‎ 助动词缺失：助动词可以帮助构成疑问句、否定句、部分倒装句等。②情态动词的错用：应熟记情态动词的基本含义及用法，表示对现在的推测其构成是“情态动词＋动词原形”，表示对过去的推测其构成是“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”。③虚拟语气中动词的形式受时态的影响而导致错用，应熟记不同句式中虚拟语气的不同应用。‎ 错误5——特殊句式有误 ‎1．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.‎ ‎ ‎ They→There　[句意：上午有三节课，下午有两节课。此处为there be结构。]‎ ‎2．(2017·遵义市模拟)A city, whether big or small, should be clean. Only when we live in a clean city we live a happy life.‎ ‎ ‎ 第二个city后加can　[only加状语从句开头的句子其后的主句应用部分倒装，根据句意可知，需要加can构成部分倒装。]‎ ‎3．(2017·江西省重点中学协作体联考)Not only our parents give us life, but they also give us endless love and support, always sharing our happiness and sorrow. ‎ ‎ ‎ Not only后加do　[not only位于句首其后的句子用部分倒装，此处缺少助动词，故在not only后加助动词do。]‎ ‎4．(2017·烟台市模拟)Not until 5 p．m. we set off back unwillingly. ‎ ‎ ‎ we前加did　[not until开头的句子其后的主句应用部分倒装。此处缺少助动词，故在we前加did。]‎ ‎5．(2017·汕头市模拟)It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient.‎ ‎ ‎ which→that　[本句是强调句型，其构成为it ‎ is＋被强调部分＋that/who ...‎ 故which改为that。]‎ ‎6．(2017·淮北市模拟)As you can see, which was sharing with my friend that helped me out of that dark time and brought back my confidence. ‎ ‎ ‎ which→it　[本句是强调句型，其构成为it is＋被强调部分＋that/who ...‎ 故which改为it。]‎ ‎7．(2017·淮北市模拟)Only in this way they become useful to society and enjoy a colorful life in the future.‎ ‎ ‎ way后加can　[only加状语开头的句子其后的主句应用部分倒装，根据句意可知，需要加can构成部分倒装。]‎ ‎8．(2017·江西省名校联盟质检)Therefore, it was no need for me to move.‎ ‎ ‎ it→there　[there is no need (for sb.) to do sth.是固定句式，意为“没有必要做某事。”]‎ ‎9．There have several advantages if you consult the persons you trust.‎ ‎ ‎ have→are　[句意：如果你求教所信任的人会有一些好处。此处为there be结构。]‎ ‎10．Oh, what I missed you that day! Anyway, please send me to your parents.‎ ‎ ‎ what→how　[此处为感叹句，修饰动词用how。]‎ 感悟与反思：特殊句式错误主要有四种情况：①强调句型的错用，主要是it和that的错用。②倒装句助动词的缺失。③There be结构中there与it的错用，误把there be用成there have。④感叹句中how与what的错用。‎