高考语法专项 冠词代词

高考语法专项 冠词代词

‎2018届高考语法专项　冠词、代词 一　冠　词 ‎1．定冠词the的常考必备 ‎(1)特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。‎ ‎◆I went to a university in New Zealand. The university was founded in the early twentieth century.　我在新西兰的一所大学就读，这所大学建立于20世纪初。‎ ‎(2)用于单数可数名词或形容词前,表示一类人或物。‎ As we all know, the brain is the centre of thought.‎ 众所周知，大脑是思维的中心。‎ ‎◆As a matter of fact, the rich aren’t always happy.‎ 事实上富人并非总是快乐的。‎ ‎“the＋adj.”表示一类人的常用短语：‎ the rich　　 富人 the dead 死者 the poor 穷人　 ‎ the old/aged　　 老人 the living 活着的人 the young 年轻人 the injured/wounded 受伤的人 ‎(3)用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。‎ ‎◆Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.　在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。 ‎ ‎◆(全国卷Ⅰ)Now, years later, this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ 在数年之后的现在，这条河成为了环境治理的最突出的范例之一。‎ ‎(4)用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。‎ ‎◆(陕西高考)The village where I was born has grown into a town.　我出生的那个村庄已变成了一个城镇。‎ ‎(5)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前,或用于整十的数词复数前,表示某个年代。‎ ‎◆As is well known to us all, the Second World War broke out in the thirties.　众所周知，二战爆发于30年代。‎ ‎(6)用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇俩。‎ ‎◆The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.‎ 史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。‎ ‎(7)用于世界上独一无二的事物前。‎ ‎◆No one knows exactly how the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.　没有人确切知道月球是怎样形成的，因为这发生在很久之前。‎ ‎(8)用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。‎ ‎◆As far as I know, he likes playing the piano.‎ 据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴。‎ ‎[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ____________ most modern of architects and engineers.‎ the　解析：冠词的考点很多也很复杂。但一般最常见的是：泛指用a/an，特指用the；首次出现用a，第二次提到用the；最高级、序数词前面用the。此题的关键词是most(最高级的象征词)，另外还有形容词＋est也是最高级的标志，用于单音节或者部分双音节词。‎ ‎2．不定冠词a、an的常考必备 ‎(1)表示泛指某个人或事物。‎ ‎◆I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.‎ 今天我在赶着去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。‎ ‎(2)用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前,表示泛指。‎ ‎◆My friend John is a handsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with.　我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人，一个人人都喜欢与他共事的年轻人。‎ ‎(3)表示“某一个”,相当于a certain。‎ ‎◆I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon.‎ 我记得他在某个星期天来过，并且很快就离开了。‎ ‎(4)用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”。‎ ‎◆He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the long jump.　他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。‎ ‎(5)用在形容词的比较等级前,表示“一个更……的”。‎ ‎◆If we sit near the front of the bus, we’ll have a better view.　如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，视野就会更好些。‎ ‎(6)用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。‎ 物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。‎ ‎◆Tony is a famous pianist. I’m absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a ‎ success.‎ 托尼是一位著名的钢琴家，我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定成功。‎ ‎[典例] (2017·山东师大附中一模)Today, more people are coming to Beijing, the capital of China, to make ____________ better life for themselves.‎ a　解析：句意：现在更多的人来到中国首都北京为自己寻求更好的生活。设空处泛指“一种更好的生活”，故填不定冠词a。‎ ‎3．零冠词的常考必备 ‎(1)表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。‎ ‎◆Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which you’ll make great progress.‎ 记日记是一个可以让你取得巨大进步的好习惯。‎ ‎◆Telephones are still playing an important role in people’s life.　电话在人们的生活中仍然起着重要的作用。‎ ‎(2)表示月、季、星期、节假日、洲、三餐、球类、学科、棋类名词前。‎ ‎◆A year can be divided into four seasons—spring, summer, autumn and winter.‎ 一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。‎ ‎(3)与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。‎ ‎◆Are you going there by plane or by ship?‎ 你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？‎ ‎(4)系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。‎ ‎◆After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.　多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一位优秀的经理。‎ ‎(5)表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。‎ ‎◆Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”　这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”‎ ‎1．不定冠词常用于某些固定搭配中,常见的有：‎ have a gift for　 有……的天赋 have a holiday 度假 get a lift/ride 搭便车 pay a visit to 参观 lend sb. a hand 帮助某人 as a result 因此 as a rule 通常，照例 in a hurry 匆忙地 at a distance 离一段距离 a waste of ……的浪费 What a pity! 真遗憾！‎ be/go on a diet 节食 a collection of 一批……‎ a knowledge of 知道 have a good time 玩得高兴 make a living 谋生 as a matter of fact 事实上 for a while 暂时，一时 have a history of 有……的历史 a matter of ……的问题 in a sense/way 在某种意义上 all of a sudden 突然 have a population of 有……人口 cover an area of 占……的面积 ‎◆(安徽高考单项填空)You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.‎ 你可以向任何人求助，这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。‎ ‎2．固定短语中的定冠词 at the moment 此刻；目前 in the end 最后，最终 to tell the truth 说实话 on the other hand 另一方面 by the way 顺便说一下 in the middle of 在……中间 at the same time 同时 on the contrary 相反 on the whole 总的来说 in the distance 在远处 to the point 中肯；切题 make the most/best of 充分利用 go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧 ‎◆Now that you have such a good chance, you’d better make the best of every minute to achieve your goal.‎ 既然你有这么好的一次机会，你最好充分利用每一分钟去实现你的目标。‎ ‎3．固定短语中的零冠词 on purpose 故意地 by chance 碰巧 catch fire 着火 at dawn 在黎明 face to face 面对面 out of date 过时的 make room for 让位 in debt 负债 in shape 健康 on foot 步行 in danger 在危险中 side by side 并排 from time to time 不时地 hand in hand 手拉手 day after day 日复一日地 heart and soul 全心全意地 ‎◆(江苏高考单项填空)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does pushups too to stay in shape.‎ 汤姆总是在早上慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持健康。‎ ‎[典例] (2016·全国卷甲语法填空)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ____________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ a　解析：句意：通过出去走一会儿，锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来给你的身体和大脑放个假。for a while表示“一会儿”。‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2016·全国卷乙语法填空)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, ____________ other is with mum—she never suspects.‎ the　解析：考查固定搭配。one…the other…一个……另一个。‎ ‎2．(2017·浙江重点中学协作体测试)The square is one of ____________ largest squares in China.‎ the　解析：句意：这个广场是中国最大的广场之一。形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。‎ ‎3．(2017·江苏大丰模拟)The driver was at ____________ loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.‎ a　解析：句意：当因超速被禁驾的消息传来时，这位司机不知所措。at a loss为固定短语，意为“困惑；不知所措”。‎ ‎4．(2017·湖南长沙一模)But we are making ____________ effort to maintain our community in some form so that we don’t lose it.‎ an　解析：句意：但是为了我们不会失去我们的社区，我们正在尽力以一定的形式维持它。make an effort为固定短语，意为“尽力”。‎ ‎5．(2016·全国卷甲短文改错)But in that case, we will learn little about world.____________________‎ world前加the　解析：句意：但如果那样的话，我们会对这个世界了解甚少。world表示“世界，地球，天下”时，其前应用定冠词。‎ 二　代　词 代词是代替名词、短语和句子起名词作用的词。代词主要包括九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词(只有两个：each other和one another)、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词。关系代词和连接代词隶属于复合句部分。‎ ‎1．人称代词 形式 句法功能 主格 I, we, you, he, she, it, they 主要用作主语，有时用作表语 宾格 me, us, you, him, her, it, them 作动词或介词的宾语；口语中常用宾格作表语 ‎◆She was beautiful and could run faster than others.‎ 她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。‎ ‎◆Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.‎ 给我一个挑战，我会欣然接受。‎ ‎2．物主代词 形式 句法功能 形容词性物主代词 my, our, your, his, her, its, their 作定语 名词性物主代词 mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs 作主语、宾语或表语 ‎◆He invited some friends of his to his party.‎ 他邀请了他的一些朋友参加他的宴会。‎ ‎3．反身代词 形式 句法功能 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 作宾语、表语或同位语 ‎◆The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest.‎ 那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。‎ 含有反身代词的习惯用语 by oneself 独自地 for oneself 亲自 come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉 dress oneself 给自己穿衣 behave yourself 举止规矩有礼 devote oneself to 致力于 apply oneself to 专心致志于 help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座，入席 make yourself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学 adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于　 ‎ ‎4．指示代词 指示代词 用法 this/these 指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this可指下文将要谈到的人或物 that/those 指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that可指上文提到过的人或物 such 指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数 so 代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。在believe，think，expect，suppose，imagine，guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点 ‎◆(浙江高考)Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald’s.‎ 研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多品种和麦当劳的相似。‎ ‎◆Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.‎ 我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。‎ ‎◆—Is James coming tonight?‎ ‎——詹姆斯今晚会来吗？‎ ‎—I think so, but I’m not sure.‎ ‎——我想会的，但我不能肯定。‎ ‎5．不定代词 ‎(1)不定代词的基本用法 不定代词 用法 each/both/all each指“(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个”；both表示“两者都”；all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有，全部”‎ either/neither either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”‎ none/nothing none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点”；nothing表示“没有任何东西，没有事”‎ another another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一”‎ other/others other泛指“其余的，另外的”，只作定语。other＋可数名词复数＝others the other/the others the other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”。the other＋可数名词复数＝the others ‎◆As the two dictionaries are useful, I’ll take both and either of them is very important to me.‎ 因为这两本字典有用，我会把两本字典都带上，每一本对我而言都很重要。‎ ‎◆—Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?‎ ‎——星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？‎ ‎—I’m sorry. Neither will suit me. I’ll be away on business during that period.‎ ‎——对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。‎ ‎◆You are a team star! Working with others is really your cup of tea.‎ 你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。‎ ‎◆Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.‎ 除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。‎ ‎(2)复合不定代词的用法 某……‎ 任何……‎ 每个……；所有……‎ 没有……‎ 人 someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody everyone/ everybody on one/ nobody 物 something anything everything nothing ‎◆There is something in his words. We should have a try.‎ 他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。‎ ‎◆(安徽高考)This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.‎ 这个项目需要密切的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。‎ ‎[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with ____________(it) choking smog.‎ its　解析：句意：我居住的香港有令人窒息的烟雾。根据句意，这里指香港本地带有的烟雾令人窒息，故应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语。‎ ‎1．it作人称代词的用法 ‎(1)it用作人称代词,用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。‎ ‎◆The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.　史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。‎ ‎(2)it指时间、距离、天气等。‎ ‎◆It’s about 112 miles from London to Birmingham.‎ 从伦敦到伯明翰大约有112英里。‎ ‎2．用于某些句型 It’s time for sth.　该做某事了。‎ It’s time to do sth.　到该做某事的时候了。‎ It’s time for sb. to do sth.　某人该做某事了。‎ It’s (about/high)time＋that从句　某人(早)该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去时，有时也用“should＋动词原形”)‎ It’s the…time＋that从句　这是某人第几次做某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)‎ It’s＋时间段＋since从句　自从……有多长时间了。‎ It’s＋时间段＋before从句　过了多长时间才……‎ ‎◆As far as I know, it is 8 years since his father passed away.　据我所知，自从他父亲去世已经八年了。‎ ‎3．it作形式主语(宾语)的用法 it常作形式主语(宾语)，替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。‎ ‎(1)it作形式主语的句型 ‎①It＋be＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible等。‎ ‎◆As far as I’m concerned, it’s necessary to have a good command of English.‎ 就我个人看来，掌握英语是必要的。‎ ‎②It＋be＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.此句 型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind，nice，wise，silly，polite，impolite，friendly，foolish，clever等。‎ ‎◆How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!‎ 放弃这么好的一次机会你真傻。‎ ‎③It＋be＋n. (＋for sb./sth.)＋to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity，shame，pleasure，fun，joy，good manners，bad manners等。‎ ‎◆It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.　年轻人占据老年人座位没有礼貌。‎ ‎④It＋be＋adj./n.＋doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little use, no/much good，useless，fun等。‎ ‎◆It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.‎ 独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without…为真正的主语)‎ ‎⑤It＋be＋n./adj.＋主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange＋that从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，且should可以省略。‎ ‎◆It’s necessary and important that we should master the skills of operating computers.‎ 我们应该掌握电脑操作技术，这有必要而且非常重要。‎ ‎⑥It takes sb….to do sth.‎ 某人做某事花了……‎ ‎◆It takes a great courage to tell the truth.‎ 说实话需要勇气。‎ ‎(2)it作形式宾语的情况 ‎①主语＋believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式/动名词/从句。‎ ‎◆No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.‎ 不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。‎ ‎②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like，dislike，hate，appreciate，depend on，rely on，count on等。‎ ‎◆I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.‎ 如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。‎ ‎[典例] (广东高考)Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said ____________ was a wonderful holiday destination.‎ it　解析：句意：去年我和弟弟去迈阿密度假。我的一些之前去过那里的朋友说那是个度假的好去处。设空处指代迈阿密并在句中作主语，故填it。‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(全国卷Ⅱ)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear! It ’s ____________ (I)．”‎ me/mine　解析：由前面问句里的anyone一词得知回答用me或者mine。表示是我，或者是我的(箱子)。‎ ‎2．(2017·昆明七校模拟)And we can relax ____________(we) while reading her blog.‎ ourselves　解析：考查代词。由句子主语we可知，此处应用反身代词，表示“自我放松”。‎ ‎3．(2017·新疆第一次检测)A successful learner is an independent one, who has ____________ a determined will and amazing patience.‎ both　解析：考查不定代词。句意：成功的学习者既有坚定的意志，又有惊人的耐心。both…and…既……又……。‎ ‎4．(2016·全国卷甲短文改错)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.____________________‎ your→our　解析：根据句意：“如果我们出国旅游，我们就能拓展我们的视野并学到从书本上根本所学不到的知识”。our应与前面的we保持一致。‎ ‎5．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)We must find ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so，we’ll live to regret it.____________________‎ your→our/the　解析：句意：我们必须找到方法来保护(我们的)环境……‎ ‎6．(2015·四川高考单项填空)Niki is always full of ideas, but neither is useful to my knowledge.____________________‎ neither→none　解析：句意：Niki总是很有想法，但据我所知没一个是有用的。想法的数量不止两个，neither是两者全否定，none是三者或三者以上的全部否定。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·河北唐山模拟)They are heading for Florida for ____________(they) honeymoon and plan to frame the treasured picture as soon as they get back.‎ their　解析：设空处作定语，修饰名词honeymoon，根据主语they可知应填形容词性物主代词their。‎ ‎2．(2017·广东模拟)She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ____________(he)．‎ him　解析：句意：她没有犹豫太久——虽然她父亲只是偶尔抽一烟斗烟，但是她知道这是一份肯定能让他高兴的礼物。please sb.意为“使某人高兴”，设空处作宾语，指代从句中的father，故用宾格形式him。‎ ‎3．(2015·天津高考单项填空)The quality of education in this small school is better than ____________ in some larger schools.‎ that　解析：句意：这所小学校的教育质量比一些大点的学校(的质量)更好。根据句意可知，设空处指代上文提到的不可数名词短语the quality of education，故填that。‎ ‎4．(广东高考)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ____________top floor.‎ the　解析：这里是特指顶层，所用定冠词。the top floor顶层。‎ ‎5．(2017·江西师大附中等重点中学联考)If you keep on writing, you will have ____ brighter future, likely to become a J．K.Rowling.‎ a　解析：句意：如果你坚持写作，你会有一个更加光明的未来，有可能成为一个J.K.罗琳式的人。此处泛指“一个更加光明的未来”，故填不定冠词a。‎ ‎6．(2017·吉林省实验中学模拟)The students returned to school with ____________ sense of achievement, a feeling that they helped people in need.‎ a　解析：句意：学生们带着一种成就感回到学校，一种他们帮助了需要帮助的人的感觉。设空处泛指“一种……的感觉”，设空处修饰的名词以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎7．(全国卷Ⅱ)Four and ____________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and a break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.‎ a　解析：句意：我们讨论了四个半小时直到午夜，休息时我们吃了些奶酪、巧克力，还喝了些加糖的茶。表示“四个半小时”，应用four and a half hours。‎ ‎8．(2017·重庆三峡名校联盟)I hate ____________ when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.‎ it　解析：句意：我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。it常常与某些动词连用构成固定句式，例如：hate/dislike it when…；appreciate it if…等。‎ ‎9．(2017·湖南怀化一模)We used to mistake that heavy objects fell faster than light ____________．‎ ones　解析：句意：我们过去错误地认为重的物体比轻的物体下落得更快。设空处指代objects，泛指“轻的物体”，为可数名词复数，故用ones替代。‎ ‎10．(全国卷Ⅰ)The river was so polluted that ____________ actually caught fire and burned.‎ it　解析：句意：这条河被污染得如此严重以至于都能起火并燃烧起来。根据句子结构可知从句中缺少主语，且根据句意可知，设空处指代上文中提到的The river。故填it。‎ ‎11．(2017·济宁检测)The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with ____________ of nature.‎ those　解析：句意：这个问题应该谨慎处理，以便平衡人的需要和大自然的需要。此处指的是前面的“the needs”，表特指，所以要用those来代替。‎ ‎12．(2017·河南郑州模拟)He said ____________ was not nice to eat meat with one’s fingers because they were not always clean.‎ it　解析：句意：他说用手指抓肉吃不好，因为手指并不总是干净的。分析句子结构可知，said后为宾语从句，不定式to eat meat with one’s fingers是从句真正的主语，故设空处用it作形式主语。‎ 单句改错 ‎1．(2017·云南昆明质检)I think it good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use.____________________‎ good前加a　解析：habit意为“习惯”，是可数名词，此处为泛指，故用不定冠词a修饰。‎ ‎2．(2017·甘肃武威一模)Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school.____________________‎ 第二个a→an　解析：ordinary是以元音音素开头的形容词，故其前应用不定冠词an。‎ ‎3．(2017·辽宁葫芦岛一模)Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years. It came suddenly and went on for over three hours.____________________‎ a→the　解析：根据in years可知，此处表示“最严重的暴风雨”，形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。‎ ‎4．(2017·陕西汉中质检)There was once a elderly woman in a nursing home.____________________‎ 第一个a→an　解析：elderly的读音以元音音素开头，其前应用an。‎ ‎5．(2017· 河北“五个一”名校联盟质检)Up to now, he has become member of our family and everyone has enjoyed his company.____________________‎ become后加a　解析：member是可数名词，意为“成员”，其前加不定冠词a表示“一个”。‎ ‎6．(2017·湖北四地七校联考)Third, for the sake of our safety and the others’ safety, we should obey the traffic rules.____________________‎ 删除第二个the　解析：此处“其他人”是泛指，故前面不用加the。‎ ‎7．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.____________________‎ countryside前加the　解析：这里countryside是特指，故其前用定冠词the。‎ ‎8．(2017·广东六校联盟联考)It is possible that some of we may have a brother or sister.____________________‎ we→us　解析：充当介词宾语应用人称代词宾格。此句中of的宾语应为us。‎ ‎9．(2017·湖北八校联考)Yesterday, one of my favorite stamps was lost, which made me really upset. I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room, but still I couldn’t find them.____________________‎ them→it　解析：根据上文可知find后面的代词指代“我”最喜欢的邮票之一，‎ 故用it指代。‎ ‎10．(辽宁高考)Yesterday afternoon, I paid a visit to Mr. Johnson. I was eager to see him, but outside her room I stopped.____________________‎ her→his　解析：代词指代的是Mr. Johnson为男性，所以要将her改为his。‎ ‎11．(2016·四川高考短文改错)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.____________________‎ kitchen前加the　解析：根据语境可知，此处特指我家的厨房，故应在kitchen前加the。‎ ‎12．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Tony saw a toy in a shop window…A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.____________________‎ 第二个shop前的a→the　解析：此处shop是第二次出现，故应把第二个shop前的a改为the。‎