2019届一轮复习外研版必修四Module4GreatScientists单元学案（20页word版）

2019届一轮复习外研版必修四Module4GreatScientists单元学案（20页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习外研版必修四Module 4Great Scientists单元学案 一 单元基础词句全练通 一、写其形 ‎1.staple adj. 主要的；重要的 ‎2.producer n. 生产者 ‎3.leading adj. 主要的 ‎4.figure n. 人物 ‎5.bring up 培养；养育 ‎6.educate vt. 教育 ‎7.nickname n. 绰号 ‎8.agriculture n. 农业 ‎9.species n. (动物或植物的)种 ‎10.yield n. 产量 ‎11.original adj. 原来的；最初的 ‎12.publish vt. 出版 ‎13.breakthrough n. 突破 ‎14.support vt. 支持 ‎15.as a result of 由于……的结果 ‎16.production n. 产量 ‎17.convert vt. 改变；转换 ‎18.cash crop n. 经济作物 ‎19.export vt. 出口 ‎20.hybrid n. 杂交种 ‎21.agricultural adj. 农业的 ‎22.replace vt. 取代；以……代替 ‎23.quantity n. 数量 ‎24.quality n. 质量 ‎25.be known for 因……而出名/闻名 ‎26.best－seller n. 畅销书(或唱片等)‎ ‎27.cosmology n. 宇宙生成学；宇宙论 ‎28.motor neurone disease n.‎ ‎ 运动神经元病 ‎29.victim n. 受害者 ‎30.brilliant adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的 ‎31.career n. 生涯；经历 ‎32.brief adj. 简短的；简洁的 ‎33.partly adv.. 部分地；在一定程度上 ‎34.physical adj. 身体的 ‎35.graduate vi. 毕业 ‎36.personal adj. 个人的 ‎37.earn one’s living 谋生 ‎38.come to power 掌权 ‎39.explosion n. 爆炸；爆炸声 ‎40.explode vi. 爆炸 ‎41.escape vi. 逃跑；逃避 ‎42.arrow n. (弓)箭 ‎43.straight adj. 直的 ‎44.clear vi. (烟雾)消散 二、知其意 ‎1.biochemistry n. 生物化学 ‎2.biology n. 生物学 ‎3.botany n. 植物学 ‎4.genetics n. 遗传学 ‎5.zoology n. 动物学 ‎6.breeding n. 培育 ‎7.sterile adj. (指生物)不孕育的；不结果实的 ‎8.diagnose vt. 诊断 ‎9.relativity n. 相对论 ‎10.rocket n. 火箭 ‎11.millennium n. 千年 ‎12.gunpowder n. 火药 ‎1.bring up 培养； 养育 ‎2.as a result of 由于……的结果 ‎3.be known for 因……而出名/闻名 ‎4.earn one’s living 谋生 ‎5.come to power 掌权 ‎6.bring in 引进； 带来 ‎1.He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.‎ 他想，养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。‎ ‎2.But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.‎ 但不是每个人都想在战争中使用火箭。‎ ‎3.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.‎ 箭管被绑在一根长棍上，这根长棍能使火箭沿直线移动。‎ ‎4.Or was he carried miles into space，becoming the world’s first astronaut?‎ 他是否会被运载数英里进入太空变成世界上第一位宇航员呢？‎ 二 单元综合知识运用检测 阅读理解 A ‎(2018·河南实验中学模拟)‎ At the end of every year, Time picks the best 25 inventions that are “making the world better and smarter”. Here we have ‎ picked three of this year's inventions that could be a part of your life in the near future.‎ The levitating(悬浮的) light bulb This special light bulb was invented by U．S. artist and scientist Simon Morris. He got the idea of making a light bulb float from hoverboards (悬浮滑板), which he used to dream of having as a kid.‎ But the floating is not the most amazing part. The rejection force between the opposite ends of the magnets(磁铁), which were put in the bottom of the bulb and in the wooden base, does the job. What's new here is a technology called induction (电磁感应). It allows the light bulb to get power from the base even they are not in contact.‎ Shoes that tie themselves They're not what you thinkshoelaces that tie themselves in the way we tie them. Instead, the new shoes have small motors that control their laces. When you step in them, your feet will hit a sensor (传感器) in the shoes and the motor will automatically tighten the laces.‎ But the shoes weren't just designed for lazy people's needs. They could actually give athletes an advantage during competition. They are also useful for people who cannot move their arms or fingers easily.‎ The notouch thermometer(体温计)‎ Taking your body temperature usually means putting a thermometer in your armpits (腋窝) and staying still for minutes. It may be easy or you, but it's an impossible task for little kids.‎ Now, with the new thermometer, users can simply put it 2.5 centimeters from a patient's forehead and press the button, and it can get reading in two seconds.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　每到年终岁尾，《时代周刊》都会评选出25项“让世界变得更加美好和智能的”最佳发明。本文介绍了其中的三项发明。‎ ‎1．The most amazing aspect of the levitating light bulb is that ________.‎ A．it can float B．its inventor is more than a scientist C．it makes use of the rejection of the magnets D．induction allows it to get power even when unconnected with the base 答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据The levitating light bulb 部分最后两句“What's new here is.... It allows the light bulb to get power from the base even they are not in contact.”可知，悬浮灯泡最神奇的地方是这项电磁感应技术可以让灯泡不用接触底座就能通电。‎ ‎2．How is the notouch thermometer different from other ones?‎ A．It makes it easier to take kids' temperature.‎ B．You need wait two minutes for the reading.‎ C．You don't need to press the button.‎ D．It should be put in one's armpit.‎ 答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据The notouch thermometer部分第二段可知，这种新型的体温计可以不用紧贴皮肤，而且读取数据的时间也很短。由此可知，这个发明让儿童的体温测量变得更容易了。‎ ‎3．In which part of a newspaper can you possibly read this text?‎ A．Education.　 B．Sports.‎ C．Science. D．Entertainment.‎ 答案与解析：C　推理判断题。本文介绍了三项新的科技发明，属于科技类文章。‎ B ‎(2018·武汉市武昌区高三年级五月调研考试)‎ Kanda really doesn't like to walk alone. The scientist from a research institute of intelligent robots finds the experience so boring that he'd rather drive－even though he lives close to his lab and knows that walking is healthy. “I enjoy walking with someone, like with my wife, with my daughter，” Kanda said. “But they are not always available.”‎ So Kanda, who specializes in humanlike bots, developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings, which, he hopes, might motivate people to get out and exercise more. The bot rests on a person's shoulder like a boxy parrot. It weighs about a pound and a half and sits roughly 8.5 inches high, and is 3.5 inches wide and 10 inches ‎ long. A microphone, a speaker, and an internal camera allow it to communicate. It's even equipped with a smile.‎ Kanda and his team collected video from five different locations, including a garden and a shopping mall, and created a dataset of small talk topics related to each location. Then they programmed the robot to associate visual cues with specific topics. A special speech software provided the robot with a voice. Near a group of parked cars, for example, it might say，“In a big parking lot, sometimes I forget where I parked.”‎ They tested the robot on 15 volunteers, 10 males and 5 females, who were paid and averaged about 26 years old. “Have you ever blown a puff of dandelion(蒲公英)seeds into the air？” The robot asked a participant, who smiled and responded，“Yes, I often did that when I was a child.” Although several participants noted the robot's weight, Kanda was surprised that no one considered the experience strange or funny. “I guess people enjoy new technologies，” he said.‎ Just like a human partner, Kanda's bot isn't perfect. It's not able to go for walks in heavy rain and, while the robot can make expressions, it can't really hold a conversation, about which Kanda is most worried. Despite its limits, Kanda was comforted by the bot's presence. “I felt a kind of sense of being with someone，” he said, “particularly when it spoke.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了新研发的陪人散步的机器人。‎ ‎4．Why does Kanda have the idea of developing a robotic walking partner?‎ A．Because he wants someone to accompany him while walking.‎ B．Because he has never developed a robot like a parrot.‎ C．Because his family are unwilling to walk with him.‎ D．Because he is crazy about developing robots.‎ 答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“‘I enjoy walking with someone, like with my wife, with my daughter，’ Kanda said. ‘But they are not always available.’”可知，Kanda发明陪人散步的机器人的原因是想找个人在他散步时陪他，故选A。‎ ‎5．What characteristic does the robot have?‎ A．It can “speak” and “see”．‎ B．It can walk like a human being.‎ C．It can communicate with people freely.‎ D．It is much more humorous than a real person.‎ 答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句“A microphone, a speaker, and an internal camera allow it to communicate”以及第三段的“Then they programmed...with a voice”可推知，这种机器人可以说话还可以看，故选A。‎ ‎6．What is necessary for the robot to function?‎ A．A small size. B．A boxy shape.‎ C．A human partner. D．A speech software.‎ 答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“A microphone, a speaker, and an internal camera allow it to communicate”和第三段的“Then they programmed...A special speech software provided the robot with a voice”可知，这种机器人是要配备麦克风、扬声器、内置摄像头以及特殊的语音软件的，故选D。‎ ‎7．What is Kanda most likely to do about his robot next?‎ A．To make it more convenient to carry.‎ B．To improve its conversational skills.‎ C．To enable it to walk in heavy rain.‎ D．To better its sound system.‎ 答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句的“it can't really hold a conversation, about which Kanda is most worried”并结合全文的内容可推知，接下来Kanda将要改善的是机器人的交流技能，故选B。‎ C ‎(2018·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)‎ Many years ago, when we were a young couple with two small children, aged 2 and 4, we were practically impecunious. My inlaws lived from hand to mouth, so we didn't expect any help from them. My parents lived a great distance away, and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation.‎ My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pickup truck, carrying groceries for local shopkeepers, but it was constantly breaking down. It took almost all the money we had to have it fixed. The truck was also the only means of transportation for us.‎ We lived in the countryside, and we always used the back ‎ door because the driveway led to it. One winter evening, I stepped outside to take a bag of trash to the barrel and almost tripped over something. It was nearly dark, and I had to bend down to see what it was. I could hardly believe my eyes. There sat a large basket loaded with food.‎ It was heavy, so I called my husband to carry it into the house. Once inside, we discovered two loaves of bread, some butter, several cans of vegetables, a can of orange sauce, and a large turkey. There was so much that I couldn't remember it all, but it was everything we needed to fix a wonderful dinnereverything except potatoes.‎ A little while later I remembered that I hadn't taken the trash to the barrel. By now it was dark, so I had to turn on the yard light—and that's when I spotted a small bag of potatoes sitting on the porch.‎ That dinner was the best I could remember.‎ We weren't able to thank our donators, though, because we never found out who had been so generous in helping a struggling young family. Whoever it was, we are forever grateful.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，很多年前，我们生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。‎ ‎8．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “impecunious” in Paragraph 1?‎ A．Generous. B．Harmonious.‎ C．Penniless. D．Stubborn.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查词义猜测。根据第一段最后一句“My parents lived a great distance away, and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation”可知，“我”的父母住在很远的地方，“我”羞于让他们知道我们的处境；结合该段中的“when we were a young couple with two small children, aged 2 and 4, we were practically impecunious”可知，我们是有着两个孩子的年轻夫妻，据此可以推知，我们的日子过得相当贫穷，才会羞于让远方的父母知道我们的情况。据此可以判断，画线词意为“贫穷的”，故C项正确。‎ ‎9．How did the author's husband support the family?‎ A．By starting a garage.‎ B．By selling food door to door.‎ C．By delivering goods.‎ D．By working as a shop assistant.‎ 答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句的“My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pickup truck, carrying groceries for local shopkeepers”可知，“我”的丈夫用一辆旧卡车为当地的店主送货谋生，故C项正确。‎ ‎10．How did the author feel when she saw the basket?‎ A．She was annoyed. ‎ B．She was astonished.‎ C．She was terrified. ‎ D．She felt a sense of relief.‎ 答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“I could hardly believe my eyes. There sat a large basket loaded with food”可知，看到一篮子的食物，“我”几乎不能相信自己的眼睛；据此可以判断，作者很惊讶，故B项正确。‎ ‎11．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A. A helping hand in time B. A struggling young couple C. A tale of potatoes D. A reward from a stranger 答案与解析：A　标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，体现文章主旨，故A项正确。‎ D ‎(2018·济南模拟)‎ A European Union program is letting blind people experience famous paintings for the first time. It uses threedimensional (3D) printing to recreate famous paintings so they can be touched.‎ One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimt's “The Kiss”. It is a popular attraction at the Belvedere Museum in Vienna, Austria. The painting shows a man and a woman standing in a field filled with flowers. They are ‎ wearing gold robes and have their arms around each other. The man leans down to kiss the woman.‎ Klimt finished the painting in 1908. Until now, people who had trouble seeing could not appreciate the artwork. But thanks to the reproduction they can touch the piece and feel the ridges and depressions. Andreas Reichinger started making 3D versions of artwork in 2010. He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple's robes are so detailed.‎ Dominika Raditsch is a blind museum visitor. She touched the reproduction. As she moved her hands around it she said，“Exactly, can you see these? There are so many details.”Raditsch said she could imagine what the original painting looks like when she touched the reproduction. “It's somehow round.You can feel it.You can feel it.It comes with it.And in many places it's so smooth.And then I think to myself: it probably shines too！”Raditsch said.‎ The Belvedere is not the only museum to have 3D versions of its artwork. Some of the pieces at the Prado Museum, in Madrid, Spain have reproductions that can be touched. But the piece in Vienna has one special part: it is made with widely available 3D printing technology. That means one day, blind art fans anywhere in the world could download the source files and print the reproductions themselves.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了欧盟的一个项目使用3D打印技术重现名画，让它们可以被视障人士触摸到。‎ ‎12．What is“The Kiss” ?‎ A．A European Union project.‎ B．A popular painting.‎ C．A 3D technology.‎ D．A famous museum.‎ 答案与解析：B　细节理解题。从文章第二段的“One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimt’s ‘The Kiss’. It is a popular attraction”可知，《吻》是一幅深受欢迎的画作。故选B项。‎ ‎13．Why did Reichinger say this reproduction was difficult to finish?‎ A．The painting was reproduced detailedly.‎ B．The original artwork was made in 1908.‎ C．Blind art fans can't download the source.‎ D．The 3D technology is not available.‎ 答案与解析：A　细节理解题。从文章第三段的最后一句“He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple's robes are so detailed”可知，Andreas Reichinger 说《吻》是最难完成的作品，因为那对恋人的长袍细节很多。‎ ‎14．How did Raditsch feel when she first touched the reproduction?‎ A．Awkward. B．Puzzled.‎ C．Excited. D．Nervous.‎ 答案与解析：C　推理判断题。从文章第四段中的“You can feel it. You can feel it”可以推测出Raditsch“激动的”心情。‎ ‎15．What is the best title for the text?‎ A. A European Union Program for Museum Visitors B．3D Printing Lets the Blind Experience Famous ‎ Paintings C．How to Reproduce the Worldfamous Paintings D．A Special Museum for Art Fans in Vienna，Austria 答案与解析：B　标题判断题。从文章第一段的内容可以看出，用3D打印技术让视障人士体验名画是文章的中心，下文是围绕该话题展开介绍的。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018·南昌十校二模)‎ Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly? __1__ Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.‎ Clean the toilet with Coke. It's amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner. __2__ You'll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners. Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours. Then let water wash the toilet!‎ Remove water stains with orange peels. You've just eaten an orange. __3__ Do not throw away those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel. Your appliances will shine again after you rub (擦) them with the skins. The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second.‎ Use banana peels to polish leather furniture. Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs. Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task. __4__ Afterwards, remove the leftover with a cloth. This trick is simple and cheap. Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again.‎ ‎__5__ Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic (无毒的)? Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl. Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid. Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture. Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.‎ A．Wait a minute!‎ B．Make your own glass cleaner.‎ C．Follow the steps given below.‎ D．Of course your answer is “yes”．‎ E．They leave no marks or scratches.‎ F．Instead of drinking it, use it to clean the toilet bowl.‎ G．They are economical and safe to use on all of furniture.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中、让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无需购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：C　根据空前的“Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly？”和空后的“Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products”以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：F　本段讲的是用可乐清理厕所，故F项“你可以不喝可乐，而是用之清洁马桶”符合语境。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：A　根据下文中的“Do not throw away those orange peels”可知，吃了橘子后，稍待片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：E　根据上文中的“Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task”‎ 可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，使污痕或划痕统统不见。所以选E。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：B　根据下文中的“you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic (无毒的)．..”“Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。‎ 完形填空 ‎(2018·湖北武汉武昌区高三年级调研考试)‎ The Gift at the Parking Lot I never thought I would be writing about a trip to the convenience store. It was just a month after my grandmother had __1__ and I did useless things hoping to fill the hole in my heart and make me forget the pain.‎ In the store, I was upset because I couldn't even remember __2__ I went there to buy so I ended up buying something __3__. As I walked out of the store to get my car, I was __4__ angry at everything that was going on around me which was a very __5__ feeling at that time.Feeling __6__， my belief in God was beginning to fade.‎ Suddenly, a woman driving right by my side rolled down her __7__. “Excuse me, excuse me.” she said loudly. __8__ she was going to ask for my parking spot. I __9__ pointed to my car. “No, excuse me，” she said again.‎ At this point, I felt I had no __10__ but to see what this __11__ lady wanted. As I got closer, I realized that she was __12__ something in her bag. Surprisingly, I was __13__ with a sense of relief while others would be nervous in this situation. Finally, she __14__ me a booklet, which read “What Hope for Dead Loved Ones？”“Maybe you need this，” she said calmly __15__ a warm smile on her face. However, __16__ I could thank her, she was gone.‎ I felt a sense of __17__ as I opened the first page. It __18__ how people pass on, but their spirit __19__ with us. This was the first time since my grandma had died that I had felt ‎ her with me and I began to feel hope again. It was a unique __20__. And, I'll remember it for the rest of my life.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了“我”因为祖母去世而非常伤心，甚至绝望，这时一位陌生人给了“我”一个小册子，帮助“我”走出了阴霾。‎ ‎1．A.come back　　　　　B．passed away C．broken down D．fallen over 答案与解析：B　从最后一段的“my grandma had died”可知，“我”的祖母去世了，“我”非常伤心。pass away“去世”；come back“回来”；break down“出故障”；fall over“不运转，被……绊倒”。‎ ‎2．A.what B．why C．how D．when 答案与解析：A　到了便利店，“我”忘记了自己想买什么。空处引导宾语从句且从句中缺少宾语，故用what。‎ ‎3．A.by chance B．in hand C．at random D．on purpose 答案与解析：C　因为忘记要买什么，所以“我”就随便买了一些。by chance“偶然”；in hand“在掌握中”；at random“随意”；on purpose“故意”。‎ ‎4．A.still B．even C．yet D．also 答案与解析：B　因为当时心情非常不好，所以甚至(even)对周围的一切都非常看不惯。‎ ‎5．A.common B．unbearable C．curious D．awkward 答案与解析：A　考虑到“我”当时所处的情况，这样的坏心情是非常常见的。common“常见的”；unbearable“难耐的”；curious“好奇的”；awkward“笨拙的，令人尴尬的”。‎ ‎6．A.breathless B．hopeless C．aimless D．helpless 答案与解析：B　结合最后一段中的“I began to feel hope again”可知，此处指“我”对于上帝的信念开始减退，因为此时感觉绝望。breathless“上气不接下气的”；hopeless“没有希望的”；aimless“没有目标的”；helpless“无助的”。‎ ‎7．A.car B．door C．window D．hand 答案与解析：C　突然，从“我”旁边开车经过的一位女司机把车窗摇了下来。‎ ‎8．A.Recognizing B．Worrying C．Assuming D．Realizing 答案与解析：C　“我”以为她要把车停在“我”停车的位置。recognize“认出”；worry“担心”；assume“认为”；realize“意识到”。‎ ‎9．A.cautiously B．exactly C．clumsily D．simply 答案与解析：D　“我”只是指了指“我”的车。cautiously“小心地”；exactly“准确地”；clumsily“笨拙地”；simply“仅仅”。‎ ‎10．A.alternative B．restriction C．destination D．prejudice 答案与解析：A　这个时候“我”没有其他的办法，只有看看这个女士到底想要什么。alternative“可供选择的事物”；restriction“限制”；destination“目的地”；prejudice“偏见”。‎ ‎11．A.outgoing B．energetic C．determined D．annoying 答案与解析：D　“我”当时心情非常差，看一切都不顺眼，所以“我”觉得这个女士很烦人。outgoing“外向的”；energetic“精力充沛的”；determined“坚决的”；annoying“令人烦恼的”。‎ ‎12．A.putting away B．looking into C．searching for D．going over 答案与解析：C　当“我”走近的时候，“我”发现她在包里找东西。put away“将……收起”；look into“调查”；search for“寻找”；go over“仔细检查”。‎ ‎13．A.cheered B．overcome C．affected D．moved 答案与解析：B　令人想不到的是，这个时候“我”突然松了口气，而其他人在这种情况下都会紧张。be overcome with意为“被(感情)所控制”。cheer“欢呼”；affect“影响”；move“移动，使感动”。‎ ‎14．A.offered B．showed C．brought D．handed 答案与解析：D　最后她递给“我”一个小册子。hand作动词，表示“递”。‎ ‎15．A.with B．in C．on D．of 答案与解析：A　她的脸上带着微笑。with“具有”。‎ ‎16．A.after B．once C．as D．before 答案与解析：D　“我”还没有来得及感谢她，她就已经走了。before“在……之前；没来得及”。‎ ‎17．A.comfort B．satisfaction C．inspiration D．surprise 答案与解析：A　当“我”翻开第一页的时候，“我”得到了安慰。comfort“安慰，舒适”；satisfaction“满意”；inspiration“灵感”；surprise“惊讶”。‎ ‎18．A.implied B．explained C．instructed D．directed 答案与解析：B　这本小册子告诉我们，人们离去了，但他们的灵魂还和我们在一起。imply“暗示”；explain“解释，说明”；instruct“指示”；direct“指导”。‎ ‎19．A.catches up B．fits in C．sticks D．remains 答案与解析：D　他们的灵魂还和我们在一起。catch up“赶上”；fit in“适应”；stick“粘贴”；remain“继续存在”。‎ ‎20．A.lesson B．memory C．gift D．reward 答案与解析：C　这是一个独特的礼物。‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2018·四川成都高中毕业班第一次诊断性检测)‎ Over 2,200 years ago, Chengdu was threatened by frequent floods. Li Bing, together with his son, decided to construct an irrigation system on the Minjiang River, __1__ (prevent) flooding. __2__ having a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people, the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed. Since then, the Chengdu Plain __3__ (be) free of flooding and the people have been living peacefully and wealthily.‎ It is the __4__ (old) and only surviving nodam irrigation system in the world. It is also __5__ wonder in the development of Chinese science. The project consists of three important parts, namely Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou, which were __6__ (science) designed to control the water flow of the rivers throughout the year.‎ There is a glorious bridge called the Anlan Cable Bridge ‎ crossing the Minjiang River above Yuzui, __7__ you can clearly see the entire system. The great __8__ (construct) originally started before the Song Dynasty. At that time, the body of the bridge was constructed with wooden blocks and the handrails (扶手) were made of bamboo. Recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guarantee the security of __9__ (visit) from home and abroad. Seen from afar, the bridge looks like a rainbow __10__ (hang) over the river.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了成都都江堰水利工程的建造过程、世界地位、历史价值以及该工程的现状。‎ ‎【段意梳理】‎ 第一段：为阻止成都遭受洪水侵扰，李冰父子决定修建都江堰水利工程。‎ 第二段：都江堰水利工程的世界地位和历史意义。‎ 第三段：安澜索桥横跨岷江，在那里可以看到都江堰水利工程的全貌。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：to prevent　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，李冰和他的儿子在岷江设计灌溉系统的目的是阻止洪水在成都泛滥，故此处应用动词不定式表示目的。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：After　考查介词。在经过长期调研和地方群众的艰苦工作之后，都江堰水利工程完工。after意为“在……之后”，符合语境。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：has been　考查时态。句意：从那时起，成都平原不再受洪水侵扰，人们过着和平、富裕的生活。根据该句中的“Since then”及“have been”可知，该句应用现在完成时。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：oldest　考查形容词最高级。根据该句中的the和“in the world”可知，都江堰水利工程是世界上现存最古老的无坝水利工程，故用最高级。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：a　考查不定冠词。句意：它也是中国科学发展历史上的一个奇迹。这里泛指“一个奇迹”，故用不定冠词。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：scientifically　考查副词。空处修饰动词，故用副词形式。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：where　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：construction　考查名词。根据空前的形容词“great”可以判断，空处被形容词修饰，故用名词形式。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：visitors　考查名词的数。这里指“‎ 保证国内外游客的安全”，故用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：hanging　考查非谓语动词。句意：从远处看，这座桥就像是悬挂在江上方的彩虹。空处与rainbow存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·北师大附中模拟)‎ Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems. Too much cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one. One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transportation.‎ In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems was to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of drive cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.‎ 答案：‎ Jinan is facing traffic problems. Too cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the one. One of the why there is so much traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation.‎ In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.‎ Ⅲ.书面表达 ‎(2018·昆明市高三复习适应性检测)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 假定你是学生会主席李华，邀请交换生Peter参加你校在本月举行的文明校园(civilized，campus)创建活动。请根据以下要点，给他写一封电子邮件。‎ ‎1.活动目的；‎ ‎2.活动内容(倡导语言美、行为美、环境美)；‎ ‎3.表示欢迎。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Peter，‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Peter，‎ ‎①It is a great honor for me to invite you to take part in the activity “Build a Civilized Campus” this month.‎ We are going hand in hand to set up our civilized campus where beauty and harmony meet. To achieve the goal, we'll call on the school students to communicate with each other in polite words. Meanwhile, we should behave ourselves and obey school rules. As a nice environment is good for us, we'll spare no effort to create a pleasant school environment. All the above is to contribute to the good conduct of teachers and students in our school.‎ ‎②It would be nice if you could join us.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 一句多译 ‎①How pleasant it is for me to ask you to join in the activity called “Build a Civilized Campus” this month!‎ ‎②Your early response will be appreciated./I would be grateful if you could reply to me as soon as possible.‎