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助力2014高考英语任务型阅读专项特训1
【助力2019】高考英语任务型阅读专项特训(1) How is it that siblings(兄弟姐妹)can turn out so differently? Each sibling grows up in a different family. The first-born is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father. Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918.But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others’ lives. Dr.Annette Henderson says first-born children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”.[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K] A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs. One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2019 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents. Title: Reasons for the (71)___________ betweeen siblings [来源:1ZXXK][来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K][来源:1ZXXK] [来源:学*科*网] Different family situations The first child lives in a stable and close family, (72)_________ things differently from later ones. The next child may (73)__________ up in a crisis. The child (74)__________ later leads to the change of the family again. Parents themselves are changing too; Sibling competition Children mae be (75)__________ by the competition. It is found that brothers and sisters have a lasting (76)___________ on each other. The first-born (77)__________ vocabulary more quickly. The younger don’t (78)__________ have problems with language. Growing socially Love-hate relationships are commom among the children. (79)___________ more attention from parents They want to be different, especially if the (80)_______ in age is small. The first two are more different from each other. Girls with brothers are the most different. Different siblings succeed in getting more warmth Key: 71.difference 72.experiencing 73. grow 74.arriving 75.shaped 76. effect/influence 77. learn 78. necessarily 79. seeking 80. gap (2) The fast development of Internet makes it convenient for people to have access to the latest information all over the world, which broadens people's horizons. However, sometimes the Internet is abused by some to spread rumors(谣言)on purpose, resulting in side effect on people's life. Therefore, The Internet Society of China released a written proposal last Monday which demanded of Internet companies and websites to strengthen self-discipline and prevent the spread of online rumors. Three major websites in China voiced their solutions Tuesday to fight against online rumors in response to the warning on Monday. Chiefs of sina.com, baidu.com and qq.com have promised the government that they will firmly cooperate with relevant departments to deal with the online spreading of rumors, saying they will improve self-management and take effective measures toward this goal. Microblogging websites should not be a hotbed for spreading of rumors, said a chief of sina.com, which operates the country's most popular microblogging site Weibo.com.He said Sina was making efforts to control the release of contents on Weibo.com and improve its ability to find out and remove rumors posted on it. Weibo.com and another major Chinese microblogging site t.qq.com stopped their comment functions from March 31 to April 3 after they were punished for allowing rumors to spread. A chief from Baidu.com said it was calling off illegal and fake(虚假)information in its search results and it would further increase technical and manpower investment to remove disinformation. The website qq.com is learning from the past experience and bettering the safety strategy for its microblogging service to further prevent the spreading of online rumors through microblogging sites, said an unnamed chief from qq.com. The measure has received widespread support from users and now people can enjoy a relative clean and safe net environment. Benefits of the Internet ●Making it convenient for people to access the latest information 1 ●Broadening people's horizons 2 ●Being abused by some to spread rumors 3 ●Having side effect on people's life A response from government A proposal was released,_ 4 of Internet companies and websites to strengthen self-discipline and prevent the spread of online Responses from websites ●Promising to 5 with relevant departments firmly ●Improving self-management and take effective measures Measures 6 _by three major websites ◆sina.com ●Controlling the release of contents on Weibo.com ●Improving its ability to_ 7 and remove rumors posted on it. ◆baidu.com ●Cancelling 8 and fake information in its search results ●Further increasing technical and manpower investment to remove disinformation. ◆qq.com ●Learning from the past experience ●Bettering the safety 9 for its microblogging service Results ●The measure has received widespread support from users. ●People can enjoy a clean and safe net environment 10 参考答案: 1.worldwide; 2.Problems/Disadvantages; 3.purposely/deliberately; 4.demanding; 5.cooperate; 6.taken; 7.discover; 8.illegal; 9.strategy; 10.relatively (3) The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has an idea of its meaning. However, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives (目标). Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge or facts. Even in the true science, distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses(假设) and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion. The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and later the understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature of that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end, specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy. Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. However, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to come before the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists devoting their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes--for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science. The (71) of science (72) ___________ of science ● To define science, we may (73) call it classified knowledge or facts. ● It is essential, though not (74) , for us to distinguish fact from fiction. Objectives of science Science is (75) ______ at discovering and understanding the unknown. Two basic (76) ___________to new discovery Pure science Scientists, who may be blamed for (77) ______ the practical side of their work, make discoveries out of (78)_______ . (79) _________ science Knowledge is put to economic (80) , for example, improving health, raising living standards and creating new products. 71.nature 72.Definition 73.simply 74.easy 75.aimed 76.approaches 77.ignoring 78.curiosity 79.Applied 80.use (4) Throw the bottles and boxes of drugs out of your house. A new theory suggests that medicine could be bad for your health, which should at least come as good news to people who cannot afford to buy expensive medicine. This new theory argues that healing is at our fingertips: we can be healthy by doing Yoga on a regular basis. Supporters of medical treatment argue that medicine should be trusted since it is effective and scientifically proven. They say that there is no need for spiritual methods such as Yoga. These waste our time, something which is quite precious in our material world. There is medicine that can kill our pain, x-rays that show us our bones or MRI that scans our brain for tumors (肿瘤). We must admit that these methods are very effective in the examples that they provide. However, there are some “everyday complaints” such as back pains, headaches, insomnia, which are treated currently with medicine. When you have a headache, you take an Aspirin; when you cannot sleep, you take Xanax without thinking of the side effects of these. When you use these pills for a long period, you become addicted to them; you cannot sleep without them. We pay huge amounts of money and become addicted instead of getting better. How about a safer and more economical way of healing? When doing Yoga, you do not need anything except your energy so it is very economical. Its popularity has spread particularly throughout America and Western Europe. In quantum (量子) physics, energy is recognized as the fundamental substance (物质) which the universe consists of. Yoga depends on the energy within our bodies. It is a simple and effective way of restoring the energy flow. There are no side effects and it is scientifically explained. Opponents of alternative healing methods also claim that serious illnesses such as HIV/AIDS and cancer cannot be treated without drugs. They think so because these patients spend the rest of their lives in the hospital taking medicine. How can Yoga make these people healthy again? It is very unfortunate that these patients have to live in the hospital losing their hair because of chemotherapy (化疗), losing weight because of the side effects of the medicine they take. Actually, it is common knowledge that except for when the cancer is recognized at an early stage, drugs also cannot treat AIDS or cancer. Most of the medicines these patients use are to ease their pain and their sufferings. Instead of drugs which are expensive and have many side effects, you can use your energy to overcome the hardships of life, find an emotional balance, leave the stress of everyday life and let go of the everyday worries. We should definitely start learning Yoga and avoid illnesses before it is too late. Title: Health and Healing at Your Fingertips (71) ▲ to a new theory A new theory argues that doing Yoga (72) ▲ can keep people healthy while medicine might do (73) ▲ to people’s health. Support of medical treatment ● People should (74) ▲ medicine as it is very useful for killing pain. ● Medicine is effective and scientifically proven while Yuga is a kind of spiritual method and doing Yoga is only a (75) ▲ of time. ● Illnesses (76) ▲ HIV/AIDS and cancer can only be treated with drugs. Support of Yoga ● Doing Yoga is safer and not as (77) ▲ as taking medicine. ● Most of the medicines that patients with some (78) ▲ diseases use are to ease their pain and their sufferings but can not cure them. ● Yoga has no side effects and also there is a (79) ▲ explanation. It can restore the energy flow in people’s bodies, which can (80) ▲ our emotions, control thoughts, overcome the hardships of life, leave the stress of everyday life and let go of the everyday worries. 71. Introduction 72. regularly 73. harm 74. trust / take 75. waste 76. like 77. expensive 78. serious 79. scientific 80. balance (5) Beggars are often seen sitting under blankets with heads sadly bowed as people pass them by in Cambridge’s market center.Some ask people passing by for change and some just sit and wait to be given money.A few use aggressive behavior to earn money. To solve the problem of aggressive begging,an “alternative giving” plan has been suggested.Ten blue money boxes will be placed in busy places such as the market and the railway station.It aims to encourage people not to give money directly to beggars but instead to give generously to local homeless causes. Supporters of this plan think it will be an effective way to solve the beggars’ alcohol and drug problems.But the police oppose the plan arguing that beggars who do not receive cash may turn to criminality( 犯罪) to feed their addictions.The homeless charity “Crisis” said the success of any plan will depend on its style.They think that imaginative and positive plans can help create local understanding and sympathy instead of hardness.Most of the beggars dislike the plan because they think they will not get enough money from the boxes for their showers,food,and clothes. Begging is a big social problem both in developing and developed countries.Governments must play a big role in solving this problem.Training beggars to work and helping them to find appropriate jobs is one option.This is especially true for developing countries where many low-skill jobs exist.The general community should also be educated to see beggars not as dirty and dangerous,but as people who need understanding and help. Begging problem Introduction to the begging problem Some beggars ask 3.________ for money. Some beggars just sit and wait to be given money. An “alternative plan” to the problem In some busy places,such as the market and railway station,ten blue boxes will be placed to 4. people to give money to local homeless causes. Different 1.______towards the suggested plan Supporters of this plan think it very 5.______ to solve the problems related to beggars. The police oppose the plan arguing the beggars may turn to criminality because of 6.______of cash. The homeless charity said that it remains to be seen whether this plan would work 7._______. Most of the beggars dislike the plan because the money that they will get from the box will not be enough to 8.________ their showers, food and clothes. 2. to the problem Governments must be active in 9.______ this problem by training beggars to work and helping them to find proper jobs. The public shouldn't look 10.____ upon beggars but understand and help them. 1. attitudes 2. Solutions 3. passers-by 4. encourage 5. effective 6. lack 7. successfully/well 8. cover 9. solving 10. down (6) Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV. The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolved round criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminal is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks, little effort is spent on searching. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force, they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants, they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways. If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-minded — as he see it — of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detective feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical(愤世嫉俗的). Police in 1.________ world Police on TV Knowledge of 2.___ law He has to know as much as a professional lawyer and applies it to their 3.____ work. There is no 4.________ for them to know about it. Different 5.________ He 6.________ most of his working life to collecting and providing evidence needed Time is spent finding criminals. Once the criminal time spent to prove his case in court. is found, the story 7.______. Different pressures 8.________ and the public put much pressure on detectives and policemen. They got no pressure from the public. Relationship with the society He feels 9.________ from citizens, as they hold different 10.________ toward punishment of the criminals. No contact with the public. 1. real 2. criminal 3. daily 4. need 5. ways 6. devotes 7. ends 8. Law 9. separated 10. attitudes (7) There are a number of languages spoken throughout the world. Every person knows at least one language, which he learns in his childhood and is routinely used for speaking and writing. However, many people are fond of learning two or more languages, so they try to be bilingual, which means that they try to have the knowledge of two or more languages. And being bilingual can bring a person a number of benefits in various aspects. For example: A person can get cognitive(认知的) benefits from it. The bilingual people have two or more words for each idea and object. Therefore, a bilingual person can develop a creative thinking. The bilinguals are aware of which language should be spoken with which person in a particular situation. So they are more sensitive(敏感的) to the needs of the listener than the people who only use one language: Being bilingual also improves and enriches a person's mental development. w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.m Being bilingual has a positive effect on a person's character. The bilinguals are able to switch between different languages and talk to different people in various languages. It increases a sense of self-esteem( 自尊). Being bilingual creates a powerful link in different people from different countries. A bilingual education offers better curriculum results. The bilinguals tend to show a higher performance in examinations and tests. The bilinguals find it quite easy to learn and speak three, four or more languages. Being bilingual offers potential employment benefits. It offers a wider choice of jobs in various fields. The bilinguals can get a great many career opportunities in transport, tourism, public relations, marketing and sales, banking, translation, law, teaching and so on. So it can be concluded from the above that we should try our best to learn and master two or more languages. Title: 1.__________ of being bilingual 2._______ Having the knowledge of two or more languages. Benefits Cognition ● Make a person think 3.__________. ● Make a person more sensitive to the listener's 4.__________. ● Improve and enrich a person's mental development. 5.______ ● Increase a person's sense of 6.________. ●Create a powerful link in different people from different countries. Curriculum ● Enable a person to 7._____ better in examinations and tests. ● Make a person easily learn and speak more languages. 8._______ ● Offer a person more 9.__________ in finding jobs. 10._______ We should try our best to learn and master two or more languages. 1.Advantages/Benefits 2. Meaning/Concept/Definition 3. creatively 4. needs/demands 5. Character 6. self-esteem 7. perform/ do 8. Employment/Career 9.Chances/Opportunities 10. Conclusion (8) A new set of brain images shows why: Reading the Roman alphabets and Chinese characters uses different parts of the brain. The results also suggest that Chinese schoolchildren have reading problems in a different part of the brain used in reading alphabet-based languages. This shows that the learning disorder dyslexia (inability to read properly) is not the same in very culture and does not have a universal biological cause. Scientists described the results as “very important and revolutionary”. While dyslexia has certain common roots, they said, they now have some proof that this kind of functional problem works differently according to the different demands that Western and Eastern languages place on the brain. Dyslexia is a common developmental disorder in which people of normal intelligence have difficulty learning to read, spell and master other language skills. The results suggest that treating dyslexia around the world probably will require different treatments. “Reading is complex,” said Guinevere Eden, Georgetown University professor. “This shows we need to be more open-minded about diverse treatment approaches.” Its origins are complex. There appears to be a genetic aspect to the illness. It also may result from brain injury before birth that changes visual and hearing pathways in the brain. Earlier brain scans show that English-reading dyslexics don’t function properly in a left part of the brain associated with the awareness of 44 sounds from the English alphabet. However, according to the new study, reading Chinese uses some different parts of the brain located in the left-front of the brain. It is associated with symbol interpretation. Unlike alphabet letters, Chinese characters represent entire thoughts and physical objects. Dyslexia Definition a learning(1)______ in which people of average IQ find it (2)_____to learn to read and acquire other language skills Origins Genetic causes or brain (3)______ before birth, which affects (4) and hearing abilities Finding of the earlier study (5)_____reading dyslexics don’t function properly in a left part of the brain Discovery of the new study Reading Chinese uses the(6) _____part of the brain Conclusion Reading Roman alphabets and reading Chinese characters place different(7)____on the brain. Dyslexia is not the same in every(8) _____and does not have the same(9)_____roots. (10)_______ Dyslexia needs to be treated in different ways 1.disorder/problem 2.difficult/hard 3.injury/damage 4.visual 5.English/Alphabet 6.left-front 7.demands/requirements 8.culture9.biological 10.Solution (9) People say teenagers are no good. They make too much noise in shopping malls; they drive reckless高考资源网ly up and down America’s main streets; they carry chips on their shoulders as big as the Sears Tower. And at least some of the time those things are true. But we shouldn’t forget that there are hard moments in the life of a teenager too. I watched such a moment not long ago at a woman’s funeral (葬礼). I didn’t expect the event to affect me. Through much of the ceremony, in fact, I remained unmoved. Then her teenage grandson stepped forward. With his very first deep breath, every heart in that church was achingly reminded of something we had all forgotten. Softly he began: “I want to share a few values that Nana taught me. She never failed to see light in any situation. When our family dog would literally attract her, what would Nana say? ‘Oh, what beautiful markings that dog has.’ That was Nana. “She was a strong woman who often lived in the shadow of my grandpa, who was a successful businessman in this city. But she was the one behind the scenes who provided the strength and support for Grandpa’s career,” he said, with a voice now trembling. “That was Nana’s way.” Through a muffled sob, he continued. “Whenever she did anything worth recognition, you’d have to hear about it from a different source, because she was never one to brag.” Finally, in a voice breaking free of sorrow, he looked up and said, “Nana taught me courage. She put up an incredible fight to the end, when she died peacefully, which is how she lived her life. That was Nana’s way, and I hope I can carry on in the same manner.” w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.m There are no hearts as sensitive as those of teenagers, because everything is happening to them for the first time. The trouble with teenagers is that they haven’t learned to be controlled. When that boy rose to speak about the woman who surely had been his truest ally and dearest friend, his honest voice dragged each of us out into the open where we could no longer hide in the calm ritual. He exposed us to the truth about this very real woman who believed in a boy who probably tried the patience of many adults. He reminded us that his grandmother was more than another dot on the chart of life and death. All over again we felt those powerful losses crisscrossing our own hearts, and we knew that when you say good-bye to a beloved grandparent, you say good-bye to something happy, something young in yourself. And that something never really returns, and the pain never really goes away. Teenagers According to the passage, people don’t think (1) _________ of teenagers. I seldom felt (2) ________at a funeral. But from the boy’s speech, I know his grandmother had great (3) _________ on the boy when she was alive. This time at the funeral, the author felt great differently. She would She was a She had The The author The only always found something (4) _______ even in some unpleasant situation. respectful woman who never (5) ________ off her talent in (6) ________. a strong will and would never (7) ______ her career till she died. author was in deep (8) ______ at the moving situation. has changed his (9) ________ on teenagers through this funeral ceremony. problem with the young is that they can’t 10)________ themselves well. 1. highly 2 moved 3 influence 4 valuable 5 showed 6. business 7 drop 8 sorrow 9 mind 10 control (10) Time talks. It高考资源网 speaks more plainly than words. Time communicates in many ways. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the United States, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But this is perhaps not true in some other countries. There it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.m The meanings of time differ in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life. For example, no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour. It would be too impolite. When equals(同辈) meet, a person who is five minutes late is expected to make a short apology. If he is less than five minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. In the western world, particularly in the United States, people tend to think of time as something fixed in nature, something from which one cannot escape. As a rule, Americans think of time as a road stretching into the future, along which one progresses. The road has many sections which are to be kept separate—“one thing at a time”. People who cannot plan events are not highly regarded. The American idea of the future is limited, however. It is the foreseeable future, not the future of the South Asian, which may involve centuries. Someone has said of the South Asian idea of time. “Time is like a museum with endless halls and rooms. You, the viewer, are walking through the museum in the dark, holding a light to each scene as you pass it. God is in charge of the museum, and only he knows all that is in it. One lifetime represents one room.” Since time has such different meanings in different cultures, communication is often difficult. We will understand each other a little better if we can keep this fact in mind. Time Different places In the USA In other places 1 South Asia Different 2 of time 1. It is impolite that one is 3 of an appointment only three days earlier. 2. Future is 4 and foreseeable. 1. It is considered foolish that you plan an appointment too 5 . 2. Future is far away and may involve a very long period of time. Attitudes toward time 1. Time is like a road stretching into the future. People should do one thing at a time. 2. People are in charge of time by 6 events reasonably. 1. Time is like a museum with endless halls and rooms. One lifetime 7 one room. 2. God takes charge of time. 8 1. It’s impossible to keep a business associate waiting for an hour. 2. A person who is five minutes late will 9 to the other briefly. w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.m Conclusion It’s difficult to communicate 10 understanding the different meanings of time in different cultures. 1. like 2. meanings 3. informed 4. limited 5. early 6. planning 7. represents 8. Examples 9. apologize 10. without查看更多