上海市普陀区2021届高三一模英语试题（含听力） Word版含解析

上海市普陀区2021届高三一模英语试题（含听力） Word版含解析

普陀区 2020 学年第一学期高三英语质量调研 英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What’s the woman’s attitude towards a second-hand computer? A. She dislikes it. B. She likes to share it with others. C. She doesn’t mind using it. D. She works on it every day. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】1. M: Tina, would you like to buy a second-hand computer? W: Yes, I would. Definitely, I don’t mind whether it’s new or old, as long as it works. Q: What’s the woman’s attitude towards a second-hand computer? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What can be learned about the man’s mother? A. She likes reading food labels. B. She likes waiting for her son for hours. C. She has no interest in shopping. D. She knows how to make food labels. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Do you often read food labels when shopping? M: I don’t really, but my mother does, and I used to hate going shopping with her because I had to wait for hours until she finished reading the labels. Q: What can be learned about the man’s mother? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman imply? A. She can’t finish her work in the evening. B. She has nothing special to do in the evening. C. She goes to the movies in the evening. D. She watches TV while eating dinner. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Susan, what is a typical evening for you? W: A typical evening for me is getting home from work and making dinner and watching TV. Q: What does the woman imply? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What can we learn about Mike? A. He stopped a policeman from speeding. B. He was once punished for speeding. C. He once saw a police officer speeding. D. He used to work as a policeman. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Mike, have you ever been stopped by the police before? M: Ah, yeah, actually I have once. I got a speeding ticket one time. Q: What can we learn about Mike? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman mean? A. He can go to buy some socks. B. He likes playing football. C. He doesn’t like to watch a football game. D. His socks are as good as new. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: Anna, winter is coming. I’m going to use them again. W: Socks wear out pretty easily. You’ve really kept them in good condition. Q: What does the woman mean? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man advise the woman to do? A. To work with students. B. To borrow a phone from students. C. To use his cell phone more. D. To give up computers. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: I know. Actually it’s amazing. How fast my students can use their cell phones, but I’m just the opposite. M: I think if you start using your phone more and not your PC, then you would be fast at it, too. Q: What does the man advise the woman to do? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What can we learn from the conversation? A. They are both crazy about space. B. The man likes space more than the woman. C. They seldom watch movies about space. D. They hope to go to space together. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Since my childhood I’ve been very interested in stars, moon, and things about space, so I wish I could travel to space one day. How about you? W: Yes, the same. I’m interested in stories and movies about space, for example, you know Interstellar... something like that... Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What can we learn about the woman? A. She was attacked by a small lion. B. She dislikes little lions. C. She has adopted many lions. D. She is braver than others. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: I had a very special experience. I was in a zoo and I got a chance to hold a baby lion only one month old and I took a picture with him. M: Very few ladies have that kind of nerve, I think. Q: What can we learn about the woman? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What can we learn from the conversation? A. The man likes the woman’s new job. B. The man hopes to be a math teacher. C. The woman likes math and science. D. The woman is the man’s teacher. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Well actually, I’ve been thinking about changing my job. I hope some day I can be a math teacher. W: Oh, that sounds interesting. You have been studying math and science, I know. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man imply? A. The city is so quiet in summer. B. People come here for summer holidays. C. It’s too hot to live here in summer. D. The city’s traffic is terrible in summer. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Wow! Why is it so crowded? M: It’s probably just people trying to get an early start out of the city for the weekend. Nobody sticks around here in the summer. Q: What does the man imply? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. Which is considered as a better way to lose weight according to the passage? A. Less breakfast and more dinner. B. Big breakfast and small dinner. C. Keeping blood sugar levels steady. D. Saving calories for dinner. 12. How many adults were involved in the study in 2017? A. 16. B. 60. C. 16,000. D. 60,000. 13. What if a person always likes to eat a low-calorie breakfast? A. He wants to eat something sweet. B. He wants to eat more at lunch. C. He will soon lose weight. D. He will lose a lot of energy. 【答案】11. B 12. D 13. A 【解析】 【原文】Now here is the report from the researchers at a university in Germany. They said eating a big breakfast could help you burn much more calories than if you eat a larger meal at dinner. It could be the key to losing weight while also keeping blood sugar levels steady, the researchers said. It was shown to be twice as high for those who ate more at breakfast than at dinner. On the other hand, a low-calorie breakfast increases appetite, especially for sweets, they admitted. The following words are from the interview with Dr. Richter, an expert at the university. He said the findings published in a journal were based on a laboratory experiment of 16 men. They consumed a low and high calorie breakfast and dinner one day—and then vice versa on another. The results also showed eating a low-calorie breakfast caused sweet desires with a higher appetite. This suggests those saving all their calories for the end of the day may face consequences because they snack more. This finding is significant for all the people as it underlines the value of eating enough at breakfast. The study adds to increasing evidence that the best way of losing weight is to eat your largest meal in the morning—and your smallest in the evening. As Dr Richter indicates, “Eating more at breakfast instead of dinner could prevent being fat and high blood sugar.” He also recommended that fat patients as well as healthy people should eat a large breakfast rather than a large dinner to reduce body weight. A 2017 study of 60,000 adults found that eating a big breakfast, medium lunch and small dinner led to lower body mass indexes. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What can we learn from the passage? A. Wales plans to hold a big party in Germany in 2022. B. Middle school students in Wales are starting to learn Chinese. C. Morgan wanted to sell Wales to Germany. D. The Welsh government turned Wales into a destination for tourists. 15. Which area is not listed in the Welsh Government’s new international strategy? A. Cyber-safety. B. Semi-conductors. C. Creative industries. D. Global education. 16. What is the passage mainly about? A. Specific measures to perfect Wales’s international image. B. Wales’ policies on economics and education. C. Advice on minority language development. D. The Welsh government’s relation with EU. 【答案】14. B 15. D 16. A 【解析】 【原文】Mandarin, the official language for China, could be taught in Welsh secondary schools in order to raise Wales’ international image. The Welsh Government wants to establish the country as a visitor destination for Chinese people as part of its new strategy to improve trade. It is also looking to have a “Wales in Germany” themed year in 2021, and have an increased presence in EU countries. International relations minister Morgan said she wanted to sell Wales to the world. Welsh businesses sold more than 17 billion pounds of goods abroad in 2018 and at present 60% of those exports go to the EU, with Germany as the top destination. But after Britain left the European Union, ministers want “to ensure that the European Union remains our strongest partner” as well as developing markets elsewhere. Its goal is a 5% increase in exports. To make that happen, the Welsh Government has launched a new international strategy to focus on three areas—cyber-security, semi-conductors, and creative industries, because of their global recognition as areas of excellence. In its report, it also listed a number of ideas, including: raising Wales’ image by exploring the feasibility of teaching Mandarin in secondary schools; working with education institutions to increase the number of international students studying in Wales; holding a “Wales in Germany” themed year in 2021; working with existing networks to build a global social network of 500,000 people. Ms Morgan said she was anxious to change the Welsh Government’s relationship with the UK government to help sell Wales abroad. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. Where was John on vacation recently? A. In Burma. B. In Thailand. C. In Vietnam. D. In Cambodia. 18. What did John and his kid do in Chiang Mai? A. They swam to the South Beach. B. They played in an amusement park. C. They went to dance in a night club. D. They rode around on elephants. 19. Why did John say traveling with kids was never a waste of time? A. Because his kids are naughty. B. Because he had a lot of travel experience. C. Because he had to get up early. D. Because he could use electronic devices. 20. What’s the possible relationship between John and the woman? A. Husband and wife. B. Teacher and student. C. Travel agent and customer. D. Close colleagues. 【答案】17. B 18. D 19. C 20. D 【解析】 【原文】A: Hi, John, back to work? I was curious about the trip you’ve taken. Have you ever taken a really, really wonderful trip? B: Yeah. I’ve been on a lot of great trips, but I didn’t know that trips could be so great until I went with my kids. A: Really? It went well? B: Oh yeah. It went very well. It’s more fun, I think, to take a trip with kids. A: Wow. Sounds great! Where did you go? B: Thailand. My first trip with a kid was with my daughter to Thailand. We went to ride elephants going here and there in Chiang Mai. A: But the last time my husband and I took the kids to Thailand, we had a lot of trouble. Did you worry about anything? B: No, because of having kids with us. And I wonder what would have been different if I didn’t have kids. A: What makes you think that? B: You know you can use your time better because kids are definitely going to wake up early. So you can’t waste the morning. A: You said you went to ride elephants. With your daughter? B: Yes, I was nervous about it at first. I thought, maybe it would be too dangerous, but we had very good guides to help us. And the trainers were right there with us together, from the start to the end. So there was never any risk. A: But, a lot of people are against riding elephants, do you know? B: Yes, so we’ve decided it will never happen again. A: Was there anywhere that you wanted to go but you decided not? B: Maybe an amusement park, but when the kids are older, you can. And also, going out to a dance club late at night. A: So do you have more kids now? B: Yes. Now, I have a daughter and a son. A: Is it hard to travel with two kids? B: Oh, it’s a little harder than traveling with one kid but it’s not twice as hard. A: Why? B: You find that lots of people want to help you. So if you have too many bags, for example, someone will help you carry your bags. A: Well, it seems that you had a great time traveling with your kids. B: Oh yeah. I want to go on more trips with my kids, like Burma, Vietnam and Cambodia. I can’t wait for our next vacation. By the way, when traveling, electronics are a must. A: Thank you. Nice talking with you. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Popular Mobile Library Around the world, the mobile library projects are bringing books and even advice to communities with serious and urgent needs. Every week, two modified blue buses ___21___ (stock) with children’s books carefully run down the streets of Kabul. These travelling libraries stop off at schools in different parts of the city, ___22___ (deliver) a wealth of reading materials directly to the youngsters who have limited access to books. “A lot of schools in our city don’t have access to something as basic as a library,” says Rim, a 27-year-old Oxford University graduate who ___23___ (inspire) to start Charm, a non-profit organization, in her home city having grown up without many books herself. “We were trying to understand ___24___ we could do to promote critical thinking in our country.” For many people a bus or train journey presents a rare opportunity to get stuck into a book, and in some cities public transport is being regarded as means of getting books to communities that need ___25___ most. The vehicle was rebuilt not only to spread the joy of reading, but also to improve people’s life. Comic books were left on trains, buses and underground systems in the cities around the UK ___26___ (early) this month to mark 80 years of Marvel Comics. Carriages on the two subway trains in Beijing were turned into audio book libraries, where passengers were able to download books. To give the train a library feel, the walls are decorated with books, ___27___ covers look like bookshelves. People in the Netherlands get to travel on trains for free during the country’s annual book week celebrations. Passengers can present a novel ___28___ a rail ticket. In the Greek city of Thessaloniki, the transport ministry installed mini libraries at bus stops ___29___ (allow) passengers to read as they wait for the bus, or borrow and read on their journey to be returned at a later date. Passengers on New York’s subway _____30_____ download free short stories, poems, essays and so on to their devices. 【答案】21. stocked 22. delivering 23. was inspired 24. what 25. them 26. earlier 27. whose 28. instead of / rather than 29. to allow 30. can 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了移动图书馆项目正在为有严重和迫切需求的社区带来书籍甚至 建议。 【21 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：每周，两辆装满儿童书籍的改装蓝色巴士小心翼翼地行驶在喀布尔 的街道上。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词，且与主语“buses”是动宾关系，应用过去 分词作定语修饰主语。故填 stocked。 【22 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些流动图书馆会在城市不同地区的学校停留，直接为那些没有多 少书的青少年提供丰富的阅读材料。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词，且与主语“These travelling libraries”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填 delivering。 【23 题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：27 岁的牛津大学毕业生 Rim 说，她受到启发，在家乡创办了一个 非盈利组织 Charm，她自己也没有很多书。分析句子可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，应用 一般过去时，且与主语“Rim”之间是被动关系，表示“Rim 受到启发”，应用被动语态。 故填 was inspired。 【24 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我们试图了解我们可以做些什么来促进我们国家的批判性思维。分析 句子可知，此句为宾语从句，关系词在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示“我们可以做的事”，应 用“what”。故填 what。 【25 题详解】 考查代词。句意：在一些城市，公共交通被视为把书送到最需要书的社区的一种方式。分析 句子可知，此处表示“最需要书籍的社区”，指代前文“books”，应用代词“them”作宾 语。故填 them。 【26 题详解】 考查比较级。句意：本月早些时候，英国各地城市的火车、公共汽车和地铁上都留下了漫画 书，以纪念惊奇漫画诞生 80 周年。分析句子可知，此处表示“本月早些时候”，应用“early” 的比较级形式。故填 earlier。 【27 题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句关系词。句意：为了给火车一种图书馆的感觉，墙上装饰着书，书的 封面看起来像书架。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，表示 “书的封面看起来像书架”先行词 books 作 covers 的定语，所以关系词为 whose。故填 whose。 【28 题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：乘客可以出示一本小说而不是火车票。分析句子可知，此处连接两个 并列的名词，表示“代替，而不是”，应用介词短语“instead of”或者“rather than”。故 填 instead of /rather than。 【29 题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：在希腊城市塞萨洛尼基，交通部在公交车站安装了迷你图书馆，让 乘客在候车时阅读，或在旅途中借阅，以便日后返回。分析句子可知，此处表示在公交车站 安装了迷你图书馆的目的，应用动词不定式表目的。故填 to allow。 【30 题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：乘坐纽约地铁的乘客可以在他们的设备上免费下载短篇小说、诗歌、 散文等。分析句子可知，此处表示“能够，可以”，应用情态动词 can。故填 can。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. household B. compared C. purchases D. obviously E. display F. refrigerate G. terrible H. involved I. transport J. solution K. accurately Food Waste in the Netherlands Uneaten bread, yellowed vegetables, overcooked rice or noodles are all thrown away by the Dutch, which is a problem in the Netherlands. In 2010, each person there threw away about 48 kilograms of food per year, ___31___ with 41 kilograms in 2016, a slight improvement. A food industry expert says the problem in the Netherlands is that everyday food is so cheap that people ___32___ have no idea. But don’t forget that a family throws away 50 Euros worth of food every month, that is, 600 Euros a year, and that adds up to a lot of money, doesn’t it? He offers a number of tips on how to deal with ___33___ food waste. For example, take your shopping list to the supermarket so you can cut down unnecessary food ____34____. As far as cooking is concerned, do as much as you can eat. “So if you’re measuring for four people, don’t take it for granted, but use a measuring cup to measure it ___35___,” he said. “We waste a lot of rice and cooked pasta. Turn the refrigerator to 4 degrees instead of 6 or 7 degrees. So you can keep the food longer. If you have a lot left-over after dinner, you can ___36___ it and just put it in the microwave one day a week. It’s easy and it saves money.” In recent years, the Netherlands has taken many measures to deal with food waste. For example, since its launch in January 2018, it has used an APP called Too Good to Go, which allows hotels, supermarkets and bakeries to ___37___ how much food they have left each day, and nearby consumers can use the APP to find out where they can pay a small amount of money for the leftover food. The Grand, a five-star hotel in Amsterdam, is also ___38___. “In the past, we threw out all the cheese, sandwiches, meat and other products from the breakfast buffet (自助餐), and it was a ___39___ waste,” said a staff member, “Now we don’t waste so much, so this application is really a good ____40____.” The idea for the APP came from Denmark, and the application is now up and running in nine countries. 【答案】31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. K 36. F 37. E 38. H 39. G 40. J 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了荷兰的食物浪费问题以及荷兰应对此问题而采取的措施。 在荷兰，由于食物较为便宜以致于人们对食物浪费问题意识浅薄，但却是一个很严重问题。 一位饮食行业的专家提出了一些建议，比如购物时带着购物清单，做饭时进行精准测量，调 低冰箱冷藏温度，及时将剩余食物冷藏等；同时荷兰推行了一款名为“Too Good to Go”的 应用程序可以让酒店、超市和面包店显示他们每天还剩多少食物，附近的消费者可以使用该 应用程序找到他们可以在哪里支付较少的钱购买剩余食物。这些都可以帮助解决食物浪费问 题。 【31 题详解】 考查动词和非谓语。句意：2010 年，那里的每个人每年扔掉大约 48 公斤食物，而 2016 年 是 41 公斤，这是一个轻微的改善。结合句意可知，应是将 2010 年的情况与 2016 年的情况 进行了对比，从而得出结论：很小的进步。选项 B“compared”动词，意为“比较”，可构 成固定短语“compare with”，意为“与……相比较”，符合句意；分析句子可知，此处应 用非谓语动词，逻辑主语 48 kilograms of food per year 和 compare 之间是被动关系，应用过 去分词。故选 B 项。 【32 题详解】 考查副词。句意：一位食品行业专家说，荷兰的问题是日常食品太便宜了，人们显然对此一 无所知。分析可知，所填空应是副词作状语。结合前文“everyday food is so cheap”可知， 日常食物都很便宜以致于人们很容易造成“食物浪费”这一问题，而对此，人们显然没有意 识到。选项 D“obviously”，副词，意为“显然；明显地”，符合语境表达。故选 D 项。 【33 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他就如何处理家庭食物浪费提出了一些建议。分析可知，所填空应是形 容词作定语，修饰空后名词“food waste”，结合前文“Uneaten bread, yellowed vegetables, overcooked rice or noodles are all thrown away by the Dutch, which is a problem in the Netherlands.(没吃的面包、发黄的蔬菜、煮过的米饭或面条都被荷兰人扔掉，这在荷兰是一 个问题。)”可知，本句所指的食物浪费应是来自于日常家庭生活。选项 A“household”， 形容词，意为“家庭的；日常的”，符合语境。故选 A 项。 【34 题详解】 考查名词。句意：例如，带着你的购物清单去超市，这样你就可以减少不必要的食品购买。 分析可知，所填空应是名词。结合前文“take your shopping list to the supermarket”可知，带 着购物清单去超市购买食物应是可以避免购买不需要的食物。选项 C“purchases”，名词， 意为“购买”，符合语境和句意搭配。故选 C 项。 【35 题详解】 考查副词。句意：她说：“所以，如果你要做四个人的量，不要想当然，要用量杯精确测量。” 分析可知，所填空应是副词，修饰动词 measure。结合前文“use a measuring cup”可知，要 使用量杯是为了确保“准确性”，以避免烹饪过程中食物的浪费。选项 K“accurately”， 副词，意为“精确地；准确地”，符合语境和句意搭配。故选 K 项。 【36 题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你晚饭后还有很多剩菜，你可以把它冷藏起来，然后这一周的某一天 放进微波炉加热。分析可知，空前有情态动词“can”，所填空应是动词原形。结合前文条 件状语从句“If you have a lot left over after dinner”可知，如果晚饭后有很多剩余，为避免食 物浪费，应是将其冷藏。选项 F“refrigerate”，动词，意为“冷藏；冷冻”，符合语境和句 意要求。故选 F 项。 【37 题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，自 2018 年 1 月推出以来，荷兰已经使用一个应用程序称为“Too Good to Go”，它允许酒店、超市和面包店来显示他们每一天剩多少食物，附近的消费者可以使 用应用程序来找出他们在哪儿可以支付少量的钱买剩下的食物。空前“to”为不定式符号可 知，所填空应是动词原形。结合后文“nearby consumers can use the APP to find out where they can pay a small amount of money for the leftover food(附近的消费者可以使用该应用程序来查 找他们可以在哪里支付少量的钱来购买剩余食物)”可知，旅馆，超市以及烘焙店需要先将 剩余食物在 APP 软件上展示出来才能供顾客进行查看。选项 E“display”，动词，意为“展 览；展示”，符合语境和句意要求。故选 E 项。 【38 题详解】 考查动词。句意：阿姆斯特丹的一家五星级酒店 Grand 也参与其中。结合句意可知，该饭店 也在 APP 上进行剩余食物展示以便消费者选择，即参与其中，选项 H“involved”，为动词 “involve”的过去分词形式，意为“包含”，be involved“参与”，符合语境和句意要求。 故选 H 项。 【39 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一名工作人员表示：“过去，我们扔掉了自助早餐中所有的奶酪、三明 治、肉类和其他产品，这是一种可怕的浪费。”分析可知，所填空应是形容词作定语修饰空 后名词“waste”，结合前文“In the past, we threw out all the cheese, sandwiches, meat and other products from the breakfast buffet(在过去，我们会扔掉所有的奶酪、三明治、肉类和其 他自助早餐产品)”可知，在过去的食物浪费是很严重的。选项 G“terrible”，形容词，意 为“严重的；糟糕的”，符合语境和句意要求。故选 G 项。 【40 题详解】 考查名词。句意：现在我们不会浪费太多，所以这个应用程序是一个很好的解决方案。分析 可知，“a good ___10__”结构应是“不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数”结构，因此所填空 应是名词。结合主语“this application”可知，这个 APP 应是前文提及的 Too Good to Go， 这位职员认为这款 APP 是可以解决食物浪费问题的一种措施。选项 J“solution”，可数名 词单数，意为“措施”，符合语境和句意要求。故选 J 项。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A Female Construction Team Won the 2020 Pritzker Architecture Prize A famous international club consists of only three members. That’s the number of women architects who have won the Pritzker Architecture Prize since its birth in 1979. Today, that club will ___41___ two more: Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara, founders of the Irish studio Grafton Architects. They are known for producing excellent buildings of brick and concrete that ___42___ surprising light and air within. “Without grand ___43___, they have managed to create monumental buildings,” reads the statement issued by the Pritzker jury, “but even so they are zoned and ___44___ in such a way as to produce more spaces that create community within.” “To be an architect is an enormous honor,” said Farrell in a statement. “To win this prize is a great ___45___ of our belief in architecture.” With their victory, they joined the Design Elite as the 47th and 48th Pritzker Architecture Prize. They have also joined the ___46___ of the more elegant women who have won the Pritzker Architecture Prize, including the late Iraqi British architect Zaha Hadid ___47___ Kazuyo Sejima of the Japanese firm SANAA and Carme Pigem of RCR Arquitectes, a studio from Spain. Farrell and McNamara are, as the judges point out, pioneers in a field that has ___48___ been and still is a male-dominated profession. For the architects, the Pritzker marks a historic, trans-Atlantic ___49___. Last month they were awarded the Royal Gold Medal in architecture by the Royal Institute of British Architects. In the history of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, they are the fourth and fifth female architects to receive the respected ___50___ and the first all female team to do so. Both awards ___51___ an important moment for women in architecture, but they are also at the top of their profession for architects. In a field known for its well-known men, they are a ___52___ low-key combination. Though large ___53___, the building they designed offers small corners and courtyards for gardens, and sheltered places to be alone, enjoying the cityscape. Move in close, and you’ll get an exciting sight of flying passageways and leaping staircases. The architects’ ability to ___54___ quality with more human spaces, as well as their attention to context, was noted by the Pritzker judges in their statement. The dialogues they create between buildings and surroundings ___55___ a new appreciation of both their works and place. 41. A. conduct B. admit C. permit D. attract 42. A. harbor B. absorb C. introduce D. engage 43. A. materials B. gestures C. conditions D. events 44. A. detailed B. interested C. motivated D. involved 45. A. satisfaction B. comfort C. support D. challenge 46. A. levels B. posts C. positions D. ranks 47. A. except for B. as well as C. due to D. other than 48. A. extensively B. socially C. traditionally D. individually 49. A. sweep B. jump C. flight D. improvement 50. A. praise B. compliment C. regard D. award 51. A. mark B. refer C. suppose D. show 52. A. decidedly B. terribly C. gradually D. legally 53. A. in nature B. in shape C. in scale D. in force 54. A. exchange B. compare C. equip D. combine 55. A. explore B. demonstrate C. evaluate D. cultivate 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. D 51. A 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了一个女性施工队赢得了 2020 年普利兹克建筑奖，文章 介绍了普利兹克评委会对她们的评价以及普利兹克建筑奖的一些背景知识。 【41 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，该俱乐部将接纳另外两名成员：Yvonne Farrell 和 Shelley McNamara，他们是爱尔兰格拉夫顿建筑事务所的创始人。A. conduct 实施；B. admit 接纳， 承认；C. permit 允许；D. attract 吸引。根据后文“two more: Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara”可知指接纳另外两名成员，应用动词 admit。故选 B。 【42 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们以建造出色的砖和混凝土建筑而闻名，这些建筑内蕴藏着令 人惊异的光线和氛围。A. harbor 庇护，蕴含；B. absorb 吸收；C. introduce 介绍；D. engage 从事。结合后文“surprising light and air within”可知指“建筑内蕴含”应用动词 harbor。故 选 A。 【43 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：普利兹克奖评审团发表的声明中写道:“虽然没有宏伟的姿态， 但他们成功地创造了具有纪念意义的建筑，但即便如此，他们还是被划分和细化，以产生更 多的空间，创造内部的社区。”A. materials 材料；B. gestures 姿态；C. conditions 条件；D. events 事件。根据后文“they have managed to create monumental buildings”可推知指虽然没有宏伟 的姿态，但他们成功地创造了具有纪念意义的建筑。故选 B。 【44 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：普利兹克奖评审团发表的声明中写道:“虽然没有华丽的姿态， 但他们成功地创造了具有纪念意义的建筑，但即便如此，他们还是被划分和细化，以产生更 多的空间，创造内部的社区。”A. detailed 详细；B. interested 感有趣；C. motivated 激发； D. involved 涉及。根据上文“they are zoned and”可知这些建议被划分和细化了。故选 A。 【45 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“赢得这个奖项是对我们建筑信念的极大支持。”A. satisfaction 满意；B. comfort 安慰；C. support 支持；D. challenge 挑战。根据前后文语境“To win this prize is a great … of our belief in architecture.”可知此处指赢得这个奖项是对我们建筑信念的极大 支持，应用 support。故选 C。 【46 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们也加入了获得普利兹克建筑奖的优雅女性的行列，包括已故 的伊拉克英国建筑师 Zaha Hadid、日本公司 SANAA 的 Kazuyo Sejima，以及西班牙工作室 RCR Arquitectes 的 Carme Pigem。A. levels 水平；B. posts 帖子；C. positions 位置；D. ranks 行列，级别。结合后文“of the more elegant women who have won the Pritzker Architecture Prize”可知此处指加入获得普利兹克建筑奖的优雅女性的行列。故选 D。 【47 题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：她们也加入了获得普利兹克建筑奖的优雅女性的行列，包括已故 的伊拉克英国建筑师 Zaha Hadid、日本公司 SANAA 的 Kazuyo Sejima，以及西班牙工作室 RCR Arquitectes 的 Carme Pigem。A. except for 除了；B. as well as 也；C. due to 因为；D. other than 除了。根据前后文“including the late Iraqi British architect Zaha Hadid …Kazuyo Sejima of the Japanese firm SANAA and Carme Pigem of RCR Arquitectes, a studio from Spain.”可知表 示“行列包括已故的伊拉克英国建筑师 Zaha Hadid、日本公司 SANAA 的 Kazuyo Sejima， 以及西班牙工作室 RCR Arquitectes 的 Carme Pigem。”应用 as well as。故选 B。 【48 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：正如评委们所指出的那样，Farrell 和 McNamara 是这个传统上 一直是男性主导的行业的先驱。A. extensively 广泛地；B. socially 在社会上；C. traditionally 传统上；D. individually 个别地。根据后文“been and still is a male-dominated profession”可 知指 Farrell 和 McNamara 是这个传统上一直是男性主导的行业的先驱。故选 C。 【49 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于建筑师们来说，普利兹克奖标志着一场历史性的跨大西洋之 旅。A. sweep 打扫；B. jump 跳跃；C. flight 航班；D. improvement 改进。结合上文“the Pritzker marks a historic, trans-Atlantic”可知此处指普利兹克奖标志着一场历史性的跨大西洋之旅， 应用 sweep，此处理解为“横跨，横扫”，故选 A。 【50 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在普利兹克建筑奖的历史上，她们是第四和第五名获得该奖项的 女性建筑师，也是第一个获得该奖项的全女性团队。A. praise 赞美；B. compliment 恭维；C. regard 注意；D. award 奖励。此处获得普利兹克建筑奖这个奖项应用 award。后文“Both awards”也有提示。故选 D。 【51 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两个奖项对建筑行业的女性来说都标志着一个重要时刻，但同 时也是建筑师行业的巅峰。A. mark 标志，做记号；B. refer 涉及；C. suppose 假设；D. show 展示。结合后文“an important moment for women in architecture, but they are also at the top of their profession for architects”可知此处指标志着重要时刻，应用 mark。故选 A。 【52 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一个以名人闻名的领域，他们无疑是一个低调的组合。A. decidedly 无疑地；B. terribly 糟糕地；C. gradually 逐渐地；D. legally 合法地。结合前后文语 境“In a field known for its well-known men, they are a … low-key combination.”可知指，在一 个以名人闻名的领域，他们无疑是一个低调的组合，应用 decidedly。故选 A。 【53 题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：虽然规模很大，但他们设计的建筑为花园提供了小角落和庭院， 并为人们提供了独处、欣赏城市风景的庇护场所。A. in nature 本质上；B. in shape 处于良好 状态；C. in scale 规模，依比例；D. in force 有效的。结合后文的描述“the building they designed offers small corners and courtyards for gardens, and sheltered places to be alone, enjoying the cityscape”提到了建筑有花园可推断建筑规模很大。故选 C。 【54 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：普利兹克奖的评委们在他们的声明中指出，这些建筑师具备将质 量与更人性化的空间结合起来的能力，以及他们对环境的关注。A. exchange 交换；B. compare 比较；C. equip 装备；D. combine 结合。结合后文“quality with more human spaces, as well as their attention to context, was noted by the Pritzker judges in their statement”可知此处指，这些 建筑师具备将质量与更人性化的空间结合起来的能力，combine sth. with…“把……结合”。 故选 D。 【55 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在建筑和环境之间创造的对话表明了对他们的作品和场所的 一种新的欣赏。A. explore 探索；B. demonstrate 表明；C. evaluate 评价；D. cultivate 培养。 根 据 前 后 文 语 境 “The dialogues they create between buildings and surroundings … a new appreciation of both their works and place.”可知指对话表明了对他们的作品和场所的一种新 的欣赏，应用 demonstrate。故选 B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) “The main surprise is how widespread the effects were,” says senior author Martin Genner, an evolutionary ecologist at the University of Bristol. “We found the same trend across all groups of marine life we looked at, from small forms of plants and animals to marine invertebrates (无脊 椎动物), and from fish to seabirds.” The new study builds on early evidence of the impact of climate changes on the distribution, diversity and seasonality of marine species. Based on those findings, Genner’s team reasoned that marine species should be doing well at the leading (pole-ward) edge of their ranges but poorly at their trailing (equator-ward) side. They also realized that existing global species distribution databases could be used to test this idea. Based on a thorough search of available data in the literature, the researchers now report on a global analysis of diversity trends for 304 widely distributed marine species over the last century. The results show that — just as predicted — diversity increases have been most obvious where sampling has taken place at the pole-ward side of species ranges, while diversity declines have been greatest where sampling has taken place at the equator-ward side of species ranges. The findings show that large-scale changes in the diversity of species are well underway. They also suggest that marine species haven’t managed to adapt to warmer conditions. The researchers therefore suggest that projected sea temperature increases of up to 1.5°C over pre-industrial levels by 2050 will continue to lead to shifts in the diversity of marine species, including those of importance for coastal livelihoods. “This matters because it means that climate changes are not only leading to diversity changes, but naturally affecting the performance of species locally,” Genner says. “We’re seeing fewer and fewer species like emperor penguins as water becomes too warm at their equator-ward edge, and we see some fish such as European seabass growing well at their pole-ward edge where historically they were uncommon.” The results show that the effects of climate changes on marine species are highly uniform and not a little. “While some marine life may benefit as the ocean warms, the findings point toward a future in which we will also see continued loss of marine life,” Genner says. 56. According to the passage, what did Genner’s team conclude? A. Climate changes have a great effect on the growth of fish. B. Species data can be used to test the study. C. Arctic marine species grow better than those at the equator. D. Marine species can adapt to the warm environment. 57. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Some sea creatures may benefit from warming oceans. B. Climate Changes have little to do with the richness of species. C. The effect of climate changes on marine life has improved. D. Marine life will benefit from ocean warming in the future. 58. What does the underlined part of the last paragraph mean? A. similar and slight B. nowhere and a little bit C. everywhere and enormous D. nothing and uneventful 59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Study of the Disappearance of Marine life. B. Impact of Climate Changes on Marine Species. C. Analysis of Species Distribution Database. D. Comparative Analysis of Ocean Temperatures. 【答案】56. C 57. A 58. C 59. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了气候变化对海洋物种的影响是巨大的。虽然一些海洋生物 可能会因气候变暖而受益，但在气候变化的影响下海洋生物在未来还是会继续消失。 【56 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Based on those findings, Genner’s team reasoned that marine species should be doing well at the leading (pole-ward) edge of their ranges but poorly at their trailing (equator-ward) side.(基于这些发现，Genner 的研究小组推断，海洋物种应该在它 们活动范围的最前端——向极地方向生长得很好，但在它们活动范围的末尾——向赤道方向 生长得很差。)”可知，在极地的海洋生物应是比在赤道生活的海洋生物生长的好，由此可 知，选项 C“Arctic marine species grow better than those at the equator.(北极的海洋物种比赤道 的物种生长得更好。)”是基于原文的合理推断。故选 C 项。 【57 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“…we see some fish such as European seabass growing well at their pole-ward edge where historically they were uncommon.(我们看到一些鱼类，如欧洲鲈 鱼，在它们的极地生长得很好，在历史上，它们并不常见。)”可知，在气候变暖的情况下， 一些历史上并不常见的海洋鱼类，比如欧洲鲈鱼反而生长得很好。根据最后一段“While some marine life may benefit as the ocean warms,”虽然随着海洋变暖，一些海洋生物 可能会受益由此可知，选项 A“Some sea creatures may benefit from warming oceans.(一些海 洋生物可能受益于海洋变暖。)”为基于原文信息的合理论述。故选 A 项。 【58 题详解】 词义猜测题。分析可知，文章结构为总分总结构，末尾段内容与首段内容相呼应，划线短语 所 在 句 “The results show that the effects of climate changes on marine species are highly uniform and not a little.”再次点明文章的主旨要义，即首段提到的“The main surprise is how widespread the effects were(最令人惊讶的是这种影响有多广泛)”，由此可推知，划线短语 “highly uniform and not a little”应是与“widespread”相呼应，即强调气候变暖影响的“广 泛且影响力巨大”，与选项 C“everywhere and enormous”表达含义一致。故选 C 项。 【59 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The main surprise is how widespread the effects were,” says senior author Martin Genner, an evolutionary ecologist at the University of Bristol. “We found the same trend across all groups of marine life we looked at, from small forms of plants and animals to marine invertebrates, and from fish to seabirds.(布里斯托尔大学进化生态学家、资深作者 Martin Genner 说：“最令人惊讶的是，这种影响的范围之广。”“我们发现，从小型植物 和动物到海洋无脊椎动物，从鱼类到海鸟，所有海洋生物群体都存在同样的趋势。)”再根 据第二段“The new study builds on early evidence of the impact of climate changes on the distribution, diversity and seasonality of marine species.”这项新的研究 建立在气候变化对海洋物种分布、多样性和季节性影响的早期证据之上，由此可知，文章主 语围绕气候变暖对海洋生物的影响而进行阐述说明的。选项 B“Impact of Climate Changes on Marine Species.(气候变化对海洋物种的影响。)”合理概括了文章主题，可作最佳标题。故 选 B 项。 (B) Travel with Your Pet to Whistler , Canada ! Pet Friendly Whistler ! We want to help you bring your cat or dog on vacation to Whistler! Check out our Store! These are innovative, healthy ideas for your pet! There are so many beautiful parks in Whistler to go hiking in with your dog! What a destination! Check the fun page! How about a beauty treatment? But first you need a place to stay! This area is a wonderland of fun. Now bringing your dog up requires some thought and planning. Please check out the hotels page for pet friendly hotels! Want to search for yourself? Try HomeAway—just select your dates and how many people need to sleep! And, if you would like to do something that would be better done without your pet, check out our pet day care page. I worked really hard on the fun for your page, so be sure to look at some of the natural wonders to enjoy. Here are some special places you need to know ! Coast Blackcomb Suites Hotel — BOOK IT! Mid-range, non-smoking, full-suite hotel near the base of Blackcomb Mountain, heated outdoor pool open all year, fitness center, kitchen in every suite, free continental breakfast, free internet; parking is $20/night. Pet fee of $25/night for 1st pet, $10/night for each additional pet, up to $75 max stay fee 4899 Painted Cliff Rd, Whistler, BC V0N 1B4, Canada (604) 905-3400 Enchanting Mountainside Ski In/Out French Lodge Style Home Hot Tub + Firewood - Studio, sleeps 5; Ave. Nightly $182; min stay 2-7 nts. Book It—Instantly! This comfortable apartment in Whistler, BC is the perfect place to stay with your family or friends! It can accommodate up to six guests comfortably and no one will need to stay home on this trip, as this home is dog-friendly! Boasting a full kitchen and a wood-burning fireplace, each guest will feel right at home while sitting comfortably by the fire with a hot tea each evening. Dog Parks in Whistler Located at the southern end of the valley in the Creekside neighborhood, with a sandy beach, kids’ playground, volleyball and tennis courts, and BBQs, the area is called Arfa Park, free for dogs to play at all times, and dogs are allowed free in the main park before 10am and after 8pm. 60. Who might be interested in this webpage? A. People who adopt animals as pets. B. People who would like to travel with pets. C. People who train pets to do some work. D. People who are animal lovers. 61. If you are going to do something without pets, what will you do? A. Go to the fitness center. B. Visit dog parks alone. C. Look for a right hotel. D. Turn to the pet day care. 62. How much do you have to pay at least for your pets’ stay in Coast Blackcomb Suites Hotel for two nights? A. $70. B. $110. C. $130. D. $150. 【答案】60. B 61. D 62. A 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加拿大 Whistler 一些可以带宠物去的酒店和公园的情况， 介绍了其提供服务，价格和联系方式等信息。 【60 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章标题“Travel with Your Pet to Whistler , Canada !(带着你的宠物去加拿 大的 Whistler 旅行吧！)”结合文章主要介绍了加拿大 Whistler 一些可以带宠物去的酒店和 公园的情况，介绍了其提供服务，价格和联系方式等信息。可推知，喜欢带宠物旅行的人会 对这个网页感兴趣。故选 B。 【61 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“And, if you would like to do something that would be better done without your pet, check out our pet day care page.(而且，如果你想去做一些不能带宠物去做的 事情，请查看我们的宠物日托页面)”可知，如果你打算不带宠物做一些的事情，你可以求 助于宠物日托。故选 D。 【62 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Pet fee of $25/night for 1st pet, $10/night for each additional pet, up to $75 max stay fee(第一只宠物收费 25 美元一晚，每增加一只宠物一晚多收费 10 美元，最 高住宿费用 75 美元)”可知，你的宠物们在 Coast Blackcomb Suites Hotel 住两晚至少要付 25+10+25+10=70 美元。故选 A。 (C) The Victorians’ Way of Having Fun Whether it was visiting a human zoo, taking a bull on a hot-air balloon ride, or singing beautiful songs, Victorian Londoners loved to have fun. As performance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways to make money from the capital’s huge potential audience, Victorians effectively invented the modern leisure industry – including theme parks, pubs and professional football. As a new book by historian Lee Jackson explains, the hunt for profit involves surrounding morality, class and empire. So where did Victorians go for fun? And what still exists today? Dancing Rooms: Argyll Rooms, Piccadilly It’s now a building site near Leicester Square, but when the Argyll Rooms lost its licence in 1878, there was a riot (暴乱). Drunken students were so angry at the closure of their favourite place that they took to the streets. The Argyll closed as the dance craze came to an end, and Bignell turned the space into the Trocadero music hall. It kept that name through the 20th century when it was transformed into one of London’s most tasteless tourist attractions. The site currently awaits development into a hotel. Pleasure gardens: Gremorne Gardens, Chelsea Gremorne was run by three West End pub owners, popular among the young people then. It closed in 1877 after losing its licence. Pleasure gardens more generally lost their meaning of existence with the establishment of public parks. London’s rapid growth meant the valuable land was usually sold to big companies for other purposes, which is why so little of London’s great pleasure gardens remain. Pleasure gardens were also overshadowed by larger exhibition grounds such as the Crystal Palace, which tried to find a way of balancing entertainment with cultural education. Little physically remains of the Crystal Palace itself, which moved to Sydenham from Hyde Park in 1854, but the grand 200-acre grounds still exist as a public park. On the site of the Methodist Central Hall was a short-lived attraction that attempted to transport the seaside to central London. It was railways that made Margate and Southend accessible to Londoners, and some of the leisure activities peculiar to the seaside soon made it back to the capital. Football grounds: Craven Cottage, Stevenage Road, Fulham Fulham FC, London’s oldest professional football club, still works at their first ground, built by the Victorians in 1896. Versions of the sport had been around for centuries, but it was the Victorians who created the game and then professionalized it. This led to enclosed grounds where spectators paid for admittance, with the income spent on acquiring new players. The modern game was born. 63. Which of the following is not similar in meaning to “took to the streets” in Para. 2? A. gathered together in the streets B. enjoyed window shopping C. went outside on the streets D. protested on the streets 64. The reason why fewer great pleasure gardens are left in London is that . A. people built more factories B. they were turned into farming land C. the land was sold to developers D. they became university campuses 65. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The money from football is used to buy new players. B. London has much on its football history. C. Fulham F.C. is more than 200 years old. D. The Victorians have cultivated many footballers. 66. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage? A. The building of railways led to the theme parks. B. The West End’s gardens became big hotels. C. The Victorians largely invented modern leisure industries. D. The income from modern football supports new players. 【答案】63. B 64. C 65. B 66. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些休闲产 业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。 【63 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句的前文背景介绍“…when the Argyll Rooms lost its licence in 1878, there was a riot”可知，（1878 年，Argyll Rooms 失去了营业执照，引发了一场骚乱，） 这次骚乱应是知划线短语所在句内容“Drunken students were so angry at the closure of their favourite place that they took to the streets.”，由此可推知，“they took to the streets”应是与 “骚乱”表达含义一致，骚乱一般是指“聚集游行示威”类活动，即选项 A“gathered together in the streets(聚集在街上)”，选项 C“went outside on the streets(走到外面的街道 上)”和选项 D“protested on the streets(上街抗议)”符合分析，可作划线短语的同义表达。 选项 B“enjoyed window shopping”意为“喜欢逛街”，不能视作为“骚乱”。故选 B 项。 【64 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 Pleasure gardens: Gremorne Gardens, Chelsea 部 分 第 1 段 内 容 “London’s rapid growth meant the valuable land was usually sold to big companies for other purposes, which is why so little of London’s great pleasure gardens remain.”(伦敦的快速发展 意味着宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做其他用途，这就是为什么伦敦的大花园很少被保留下 来的原因。)可知，伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因是宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做 其他用途。故选 C 项。 【65 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“Fulham FC, London’s oldest professional football club, still works at their first ground, built by the Victorians in 1896. Versions of the sport had been around for centuries, but it was the Victorians who created the game and then professionalized it. This led to enclosed grounds where spectators paid for admittance, with the income spent on acquiring new players. The modern game was born.(富勒姆足球俱乐部，伦敦最古老的职业足 球俱乐部，仍然在他们的第一个场地工作，这是维多利亚时代的人在 1896 年建造的。这项 运动的版本已经存在了几个世纪，但是是维多利亚时代的人创造了这项运动，然后将其职业 化。这导致了封闭的场地，观众支付入场费，收入用于购买新球员。现代游戏诞生了。)” 可知，富勒姆足球俱乐部存在已久，这个俱乐部见证了伦敦的足球运动始于维多利亚时代， 并一直发展成为现代足球。由此可推知，伦敦的足球历史很悠久。故选 B 项。 【66 题详解】 主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章结构为总分结构，文章第一段内容“As performance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways to make money from the capital’s huge potential audience, Victorians effectively invented the modern leisure industry – including theme parks, pubs and professional football.(随着绩效管理人员想出越来越精心设计的方法，从首都 巨大的潜在观众身上赚钱，维多利亚时代的人实际上发明了现代休闲产业——包括主题公 园、酒吧和职业足球。)”应是本文的主题句，即，文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题 公园、酒吧和职业足球一些现代休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休 闲产业的深远影响。选项 C “The Victorians largely invented modern leisure industries.(维多利 亚时代在很大程度上发明了现代休闲产业。)”合理概括了文章的主旨要义。故选 C 项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Art of Man-on-the-Street Interviews Have you ever observed the busy people of the street? Do they arouse your infinite thinking? The man-on-the-street interview may become a popular word because it is new. The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. ___67___ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy. When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” ____68____ Hit the streets with confidence. As you approach people, be polite. Say, “Excuse me, I work for a certain well-known TV or radio station, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you. ____69____ If someone tells you she is not interested, move on to the next person. Keep in mind that not everyone wants to be interviewed, so don’t get hung up on it. Limit your time. Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. ____70____ For the media, the ability to increase ratings and influence may be the only meaning they want. In fact, different people have different views towards the interview. Someone says this should be the product of the fast-food information age. A. Don’t get discouraged. B. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question again and again. C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one or borrow one from others. D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task. E. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply. F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. 【答案】67. D 68. E 69. A 70. F 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了街头采访是一种新兴的采访方式，记者带着摄像师走上街 头，对现场采访的一种采访方式。文章针对这一采访形式提出了一些建议，期望能够给第一 次街头采访的记者带来帮助，使得这种采访变得很容易。 【67 题详解】 根据前文“The man-on-the-street interview may become a popular word because it is new. The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.(街头采访可能会成为一个流行词，因为它是新的。街头采访是 记者带着摄像师走上街头，对现场采访的一种采访方式。)”可知，街头采访时新形式，应 是“存在困难的”，且与后文“But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.(但是有了这些建议，你的第一次街头采访会变得很容易。)”语境 “your first man-on-the-street”相呼应，设空句应涉及“新人”。选项 D“For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.(对于新记者来说，这似乎是一项具有挑战性的任务。)” 包含“new reporters”“challenging”词汇，前后衔接紧密，符合语境分析。故选 D 项。 【68 题详解】 根据前文“For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, ‘Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?’ (例如，如果你的话题 是关于美国的环境问题，你可能会问：“为什么你认为环境保护在美国很重要?”) ”可知， 前文举例了在街头采访时有可能准备的问题，因此设空句应针对此问题进行解释，为什么这 样提问。选项 E“With a question like this, you will get more than a ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ reply.(对于这 样的问题，你得到的回答不仅仅是“是”或“不是”。) ”解释了这样提问能够得到的回答 不再仅仅是“是或不是”，从而使得采访更加容易，且句中“this”应是指代前文的问题， 前后衔接紧密。故选 E 项。 【69 题详解】 设空句为本段主旨句。根据后文“If someone tells you she is not interested, move on to the next person. Keep in mind that not everyone wants to be interviewed, so don’t get hung up on it.(如果 有人告诉你她不感兴趣，就去找下一个人。记住，并不是每个人都想接受采访，所以不要为 此耽搁了。)”可知，本段主要讲述了不要因为一个人不感兴趣而感到受挫，继续寻找才能 使得采访更加顺利。选项 A“Don’t get discouraged.(不要气馁。)”贴合本段主旨要义。故选 A 项。 【70 题详解】 设空句在段末，应是对前文的总结或进一步解释。根据前文“Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.(确保在你一次又一次的采访中，你会得到各种各样的答案。安全的 采访次数大约是六到十次。)”可知，前文在讲述采访次数的重要性，因此设空句应是进一 步解释为什么“六次到十次”就可以。选项 F“That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.(这个数量的采访应该会给你所有你想要的答案。)”解释了为什么“六 到十次”就可以的原因：这样的次数已经可以得到想要的答案，与前文衔接紧密。故选 F 项。 IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Protect Your Personal Privacy Online? Cyber crimes are now part of today’s digital era, affecting people’s lives professionally as well as personally. It is annoying but true that you do not actually have absolute control over who might be watching you online. More than ever, government agencies have focused on fighting against illegal surveillance (监控) programs, raising concerns about protecting online privacy. Here are some suggestions for you to follow. Evaluating your online activities is the most crucial task towards protecting your online privacy. You need to assess what personal or private data you are storing or sharing on your computer/mobile devices or online platforms. It is important to identify the value of your information and analyze the risks such as: how safe is your data offline or online? What happens if your personal data gets leaked? These are some basic questions so that you can take necessary steps to solve your online privacy issues. Everything you do comes out once you go online. Your data is being misused by some advertisers and online marketers. Some illegal programs make your system threatened, invade your privacy and steal your confidential information. So, installing genuine and latest anti-virus software is critically important to protect your devices from such threats. That is to use original or latest anti-virus software, browsers, etc. Also, stay up-to-date with the current tools, methods and technology. You can reduce the risks by becoming more educated on the leading tools, and methods available in the digital world. You should learn and follow the security rules and pay attention to the information you share on social networking sites. To prevent unauthorized access to your system, you should choose a strong password string that will never be easy for hackers to get. That is to enforce a strong password. And do not use one common password for multiple services because if one service is broken, you’ll lose control of the others. Tony, a security software maker, suggests that consumers should use different email addresses for different purposes so that hackers cannot match an email stolen from a website to one from a bank. 【 答 案 】 There are several ways for people to protect online privacy. First, evaluate online activities to make sure the online information is secure. Second, it’s better to use original antivirus software and browsers and keep up with the latest technology. Third, use a sufficiently secure password, and use different passwords and different email addresses for different purposes. (56 words) 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，有几种方法可以保护人们的网络隐私。首先，评估网上活 动，确保网上信息的安全。其次，最好使用原装杀毒软件和浏览器，并跟上最新的技术。第 三，使用足够安全的密码，并为不同的目的使用不同的密码和不同的电子邮件地址。 【详解】要点摘录 ①More than ever, government agencies have focused on fighting against illegal surveillance (监 控) programs, raising concerns about protecting online privacy. Here are some suggestions for you to follow. ②Evaluating your online activities is the most crucial task towards protecting your online privacy. ③So, installing genuine and latest anti-virus software is critically important to protect your devices from such threats. That is to use original or latest anti-virus software, browsers, etc. Also, stay up-to-date with the current tools, methods and technology. ④To prevent unauthorized access to your system, you should choose a strong password string that will never be easy for hackers to get. Tony, a security software maker, suggests that consumers should use different email addresses for different purposes so that hackers cannot match an email stolen from a website to one from a bank. 2.缜密构思 将第 1 个要点进行总说，将第 2、3、4 三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 There are several ways for people to protect online privacy. First, evaluate online activities to make sure the online information is secure. Second, it’s better to use original antivirus software and browsers and keep up with the latest technology. Third, use a sufficiently secure password, and use different passwords and different email addresses for different purposes. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] There are several ways for people to protect online privacy.(运用 there be 句型对原文第一段进行了概括) [高分句型 2] Second, it’s better to use original antivirus software and browsers and keep up with the latest technology.(运用“it’s better to do sth.”句型对第三段进行了概括) V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 随着天气变冷，当心别感冒了。(as)（汉译英） 【答案】Be careful not to catch a cold as it’s getting cold. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和祈使句。结合句意表示“当心不要做某事”可知短语为 be careful not to do sth.；表示“感冒”短语为 catch a cold，此处为肯定祈使句，句首动词用 原形；后跟 as 引导的时间状语从句，从句中用现在进行时，表示“变冷”应用 get cold。故 翻译为 Be careful not to catch a cold as it’s getting cold. 73. 焦虑的人总是会担心很多事情，无法睡个好觉。(too…to) （汉译英） 【答案】Anxious people worry too much to get a good night’s sleep. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。结合句意表示“焦虑的人”可翻译为 anxious people；表示 “太……以至于不能……”可知短语为 too…to…；表示“担心”应用动词 worry，作谓语， 此处应用一般现在时，主语为 people，谓语动词用原形；表示“睡个好觉”短语为 get a good night’s sleep。故翻译为 Anxious people worry too much to get a good night’s sleep. 74. 汽车很快就可以通过 5G 网络互相对话，让司机意识到前方的危险。(which) （汉译英） 【答案】Cars could soon be communicating with each other over a 5G network, which makes drivers aware of upcoming dangers. 【解析】 【分析】 本题考查汉译英翻译能力。 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和固定短语。分析所给汉语句子可知，“汽车很快就可以通 过 5G 网络互相对话”应是主句，“让司机意识到前方的危险”可用非限制性定语从句表 达。主句中主语“汽车”用“car”表示，结合语境应是复数形式，即 “cars”；“很快” 用“soon”表示；“就可以对话”应是对于将来状态的一种推测，可用“could be doing”结 构表达，其中“对话”用固定短语“communicate with”表示，即“could be communicating with”；“互相”用“each other”表达；方式状语“通过 5G 网络”用“over a 5G network” 表达。从句“（这）让司机意识到前方的危险”先行词为主句内容，且在从句中作主语，应 用关系代词 which 引导从句；“让某人……”应用“make”表示，从句中作谓语，结合语 境应是第三人称单数形式“makes”；“司机”应是名词“driver”，结合语境应是复数形式， 即“drivers”；“意识到……”可用固定短语“aware of doing”表示；“前方的危险”用短 语“upcoming dangers”表示。故翻译为 Cars could soon be communicating with each other over a 5G network, which makes drivers aware of upcoming dangers. 75. 据报道，我国在全国范围内开展在线学习活动，已有一千多万师生在网上学习平台注册。 (launch) （汉译英） 【答案】It is reported that China has launched online learning activities nationwide, with more than ten million teachers and students signing up for online learning platforms. 【解析】 【分析】 本题考查汉译英翻译能力。 【详解】考查固定句式、动词、with 复合结构和固定短语。分析汉语句子可知，“据报道， 我国在全国范围内开展在线学习活动”为主句，“已有一千多万师生在网上学习平台注册” 可用 with 复合结构表示，作结果状语。主句“据报道，我国在全国范围内开展在线学习活 动”可用固定句式“It is reported that+从句”；表示主语“我国”用“China”；表示谓语 “开展”用动词“launch”，结合语境应是现在完成时，主语 China 为第三人称单数，应是 “has launched”；表示宾语“在线学习活动”用短语“online learning activities”；表示地 点状语“全国范围内”用副词“nationwide”。“已有一千多万师生在网上学习平台注册” 可用“with sb.+v-ing/done…”表示，其中“一千多万师生”为短语“more than ten million teachers and students”；表示动词“注册……”用固定短语“sign up for”，且与其逻辑主语 之间为主动关系，应是现在分词形式，即，“signing up for”；表示“网上学习平台”用名 词短语“online learning platforms”。故翻译为 It is reported that China has launched online learning activities nationwide, with more than ten million teachers and students signing up for online learning platforms. VI. Guided Writing 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李华，你所在的学校将举行英语演讲比赛，学生会面向全体同学 招募主持人。你的同班同学王海具有主持人的天赋，他想竞聘但又很犹豫。请你写一份邮件 给王海，鼓励他努力获得该机会。内容需包括： 1. 王海的困惑和你的看法； 2. 王海胜任的理由； 3. 王海参加此活动的意义。 【答案】Dear Wanghai， I’v heard that you are hesitate to compete the host for an English speech contest which is going to be held at our school. I think you should muster up your courage to take a chance. The most important reason is that you have the talent of host. You are full of enthusiasm, and I believe it is essential for this competition. At the same time, you have good lungs and always speak in clarity and fluency. What’s more, doing well in oral English also makes you more suitable for it. Last but not least, you are well experienced in hosting which is a solid background for this competition. So just have a try. It can not only give you an opportunity to show yourself but also your thoughts about your school. I'll be there for you if you have any questions Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生请写一份邮件给同班同学王海，鼓励他竞聘学校举行的 英语演讲比赛主持人。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 王海的困惑和你的看法； 2. 王海胜任的理由; 3. 王海参加此活动的意义。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） be hesitate to do; an English speech contest; muster up one’s courage to do sth.; take a chance; have the talent of; be full of; it is essential for; do well in; well experienced in; give sb an opportunity to do sth 第三步：连词成句 1. I’v heard that you are hesitate to compete the host for an English speech contest which is going to be held at our school. 2. I think you should muster up your courage to take a chance. 3. The most important reason is that you have the talent of host. 4. You are full of enthusiasm, and I believe it is essential for this competition. 5. Doing well in oral English also makes you more suitable for it. 6. You are well experienced in hosting which is a solid background for this competition. 7. It can not only give you an opportunity to show yourself but also your thoughts about your school. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：Last but not least 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, not only…but (also), at the same time 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 【点睛】[高分句型 1] I’v heard that you are hesitate to compete the host for an English speech contest which is going to be held at our school.（由 which 引导的定语从句） [高分句型 2] What’s more, doing well in oral English also makes you more suitable for it.（非谓 语动词，动名词作主语）