2020届一轮复习人教版必修七Unit3Underthesea单元学案（42页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修七Unit3Underthesea单元学案（42页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修七Unit3Under the sea单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．anecdote n．　　　　　　　 　 轶事；奇闻 ‎2．shore n. 岸；海滨 ‎3．dimension n. 维(数)；方面；侧面 ‎4．telescope n. 望远镜 ‎5．tide n. 潮(汐)；潮水；潮流 ‎6．flashlight n. 闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯 ‎7．grey adj.&n. 灰色(的)‎ ‎8．steep adj. 陡峭的 ‎9．Antarctic adj. 南极的 ‎10．suck vt.& vi. 吮吸 ‎11．seal n. 海豹；封条；印章 ‎12．boundary n. 界限；分界线 ‎13．awesome adj. 使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的 ‎14．pension n. 养老金；退休金 ‎15．meantime adv. 其间；同时 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．seaside n．&adj. 海边(的)；海滨(的)‎ ‎2．yell vi. 大叫；呼喊 n. 叫声；喊声 ‎3．flee vi. 逃避；逃跑 vt. 逃离 ‎4．jog vi. 慢跑 vt. 轻推；轻撞 ‎5．pause vi.&n. 暂停；中止 ‎6．drag vt. 拖；拉；扯 ‎7．target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象 ‎8．opposite prep. 在……对面 adj. 相对的；相反的 ‎9．annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的 n. 年刊；年鉴 ‎10．witness vt. 当 场见到；目击；见证 n. 目 击者；证人；证据 ‎11.vivid adj.[纵联1] 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的 ‎12．dive vi.&n. 跳水(的动作)；‎ ‎ 潜水(的动作)；俯冲 ‎13．teamwork n. 协作；配合；合作 ‎14．pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的 ‎15.narrow adj.[纵联2] 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的 ‎16．shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的 ‎17．neat adj. 好的；整齐的；匀称的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．accommodation n．住所；住宿→accommodate vt.提供住宿 ‎2．depth n．深(度)；深处→deep adj.&adv.深的(地)→deeply adv.深深地→deepen v．使加深；使强烈；变深[纵联3]‎ ‎3．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；迫切的 ‎4．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的 ‎5．relationship n．关系；血缘关系；交往→relate v．使有联系；叙述；涉及→related adj.有关系的；有关联的→relation n．关系；叙述 ‎6．conservation n．保存；保护→conserve v．保存[纵联4]‎ ‎7．reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考→reflection n．反射；反映；映像 ‎8．aware adj.意识到的；知道的→awareness n．意识；觉悟；认识 ‎9．sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharpen v．削尖；磨快；尖锐；变锋利→sharpener n．磨削的工具→sharply adv.急剧地；鲜明地；严厉地 ‎10．tasty adj.好吃的；可口的→taste n．味道 v．品尝→tasteless adj.无味的 ‎11．scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的；可怕的 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.“viv/vit(生命)”育生机 ‎①vivid adj.生动的　　　　　 ②revive vt.复活 ‎③revival n．复活 ④survive v．存活；幸存 ‎⑤survival n．存活；幸存 ⑥vital adj.充满生机的 纵联2.你不可不知道的“rrow”‎ ‎①narrow adj.狭窄的 ②arrow n．箭头 ‎③borrow v．借 ④sorrow n．悲伤 ‎⑤sparrow n．麻雀 ⑥tomorrow n．明天 纵联3.“形容词和副词”同形的词 ‎①deep adj.深的 adv.在深处 ‎ ‎②close adj.亲密的 adv.紧密地 ‎③fast adj.快的 adv.迅速地 ‎ ‎④direct adj. 直接的 adv.直接地 ‎⑤easy adj.容易的 adv.从容地 纵联4.好好“保护”‎ ‎①conserve v．保存 ②conservation n．保护；保存 ‎③protect v．保护 ④protection n．保护 ‎⑤preserve v．保护；保存 ⑥reserve n．保护区 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——海底世界 子话题1　海洋世界 ‎①ocean/sea n．海洋 ②beach n．海滩 ‎③wave n．海浪 ④bay n．海湾 ‎⑤channel n．海峡 ⑥sand n．沙滩 ‎⑦island n．岛 ⑧harbour n．港湾 ‎⑨seashore n．海岸 ⑩coast n．海滨 子话题2　海洋生物 ‎①seaweed n．海草 ②dolphin n．海豚 ‎③starfish n．海星 ④coral n．珊瑚 ‎⑤whale n．鲸鱼 ⑥shark n．鲨鱼 ‎⑦seashell n．海贝 ⑧sea horse海马 ‎⑨turtle n．海龟 ⑩gull n．海鸥 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018•天津高考阅读D)Give yourself a test.Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as 　❶　 as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.‎ Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.Curiosity gave us all a natural 　❷　 (aware)．‎ ‎①选词填空：__B__‎ A．shape　　　B．sharp　　　C．shallow sharp是一个多义词，在此处意为灵敏的。它还可意为“锋利的；急转的；骤然的”‎ ‎②用aware的适当形式填空：awareness ‎2．(2016•全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops❶， what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection❷.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in 　❸　 (relation) of people with different amounts of power.‎ ‎①写出加彩单词在本单元的近义词：pause ‎②写出reflection在句中的含义：思考，在本单元的同根动词为：reflect ‎③用relation的适当形式填空：relationships 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部由我们的老师和我们高中学生制作的电影很生动，也见证了我们学校的辉煌。(vivid, witness)‎ Produced_by_our_teachers_and_us_senior_students,_the_movie_is_vivid_and_witnesses_the_glory_of_our_school_as_well.‎ ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)值得一提的是，我们的排球队在全国中学排球比赛中两次获得年度冠军，这是我们强大的团队合作的结果。(annual, teamwork)‎ ‎_It_is_worth_mentioning_that_our_volleyball_team_won_the_annual_championship_twice_in_national_middle_school_volleyball_matches,_which_results_from_our_powerful_teamwork.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．witness vt.当场见到；目击；见证vi.为……作证(to) n．目击者；证人；证据 ‎[辨清]　写出witness在句中的词性和含义 ‎①Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. vt.目击 ‎②(2017•江苏高考)As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its workingage population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term. vt.见证 ‎③The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. n．目击者；证人 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)witness sth./that ...　　　 目击……‎ witness to (doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事 ‎(2)a witness of/to sth.…… 的目击者/见证人/证明/证据 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎④History has_witnessed (witness) the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world in the past few centuries.‎ ‎⑤What the police did first was to question all the witnesses (witness) involved in the accident last week.‎ 单句改错 ‎⑥As one of the most popular teachers in our school life, you are more than welcome to witness to the wonderful occasion.去掉witness后的to ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎⑦(2018•北京高考书面表达)We all had a really enjoyable time in the tea house.(witness v．)‎ ‎→The tea house witnessed_a_really_enjoyable_time for all of us.‎ ‎2．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策n.强烈的欲望；冲动 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)urge sb.to do sth.　　　　 催促某人做某事 urge/it is urged that ...(should) do sth. 极力主张……‎ ‎(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事 ‎(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的；急迫的 urgently adv. 紧急地 urgency n. 紧急；催促 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2016•江苏高考)Parents should actively urge their children to_take (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.‎ ‎②(2017•全国卷Ⅰ)I never felt_an_urge to learn any sign language before.‎ ‎③I make an urgent (urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.‎ 单句改错 ‎④It is strongly urged by students that the library is kept open during the weekend.第二个is→be ‎[写美]　 补全句子 ‎⑤(2016•江苏高考书面表达)人们不仅在网上给自己投票，而且也催促别人给像“最美教师”和“最可爱的宝宝”这样的比赛投票。‎ People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge_others_to_vote_for_competitions like the“Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”．‎ ‎3．abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃；中止；使放纵n.放任；放纵 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)abandon oneself to ...　　 沉湎于……；纵情于……‎ abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 ‎(2)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to 沉湎于……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money.‎ ‎②Soon they reached an abandoned (abandon) temple, where there once lived an old monk.‎ 句型转换 ‎③Without worrying about anything, she abandoned herself to a life of pleasure.‎ ‎→Without worrying about anything, she was_abandoned_to a life of pleasure.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④我正要放弃希望，就在这时，我的爸爸过来鼓励我要继续下去。‎ I was about to abandon hope when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.‎ ‎4．reflect vt.映射；反射；反映；思考vi.思考 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)reflect ...in ...　　　 在……中映出……的影像 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 reflect on/upon sth. 反省/认真思考某事 ‎(2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思 on reflection 再三考虑 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①It seems beautiful that the tall buildings are_reflected (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees.‎ ‎②Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection (reflect) of his family relationship and growth environment.‎ 句型转换 ‎③There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon which is reflected in the picture.‎ ‎→There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon reflected_in_the_picture.(分词作定语)‎ ‎④When she reflected on her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.‎ ‎→Reflecting_on_her_volunteer_experience,_Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.(分词作状语)‎ ‎[写美]　 补全句子 ‎⑤(2015•福建高考书面表达)‎ 重要的不是故事本身，而是故事中反应的道理。‎ It is not the story itself but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_that_counts.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．It is the custom of this academy to make an annual (每年的) award for outstanding researchers in chemistry.‎ ‎2．His good health is a witness (证据) to the success of the treatment.‎ ‎3．Scientific studies have shown that making a habit of pausing (暂停) before you do something can actually have a big impact on how your life turns out.‎ ‎4．In that country, people who talk too loudly on their mobile phones or eat smelly foods will face being dragged (拖；拉) off the underground train and handed D|S650 fines.‎ ‎5．I would like to set a new target (目标) for my studies after I enter my ideal college.‎ ‎6．Day in and day out, Rose, a_neat (整洁的), welldressed, darkhaired young woman carries out her work at an office in a business park near Cambridge.‎ ‎7．Opposite (对面的) to the lecture hall is the art center, where there are many Chinese and foreign famous paintings.‎ ‎8．The picture vividly (生动地) describes a very common phenomenon in our society.‎ ‎9．The weather was too hot, so I ran towards the seaside and dived (潜水) into the cool water.‎ ‎10．Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork (协作) is the most important for me.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He described what he_had_witnessed (witness) in China，which aroused much interest among his countrymen.‎ ‎2．When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that reflected (reflect) my interest.‎ ‎3．This morning I received a telephone call from my dentist, urging me to_come (come) to his practice for immediate treatment of my teeth.‎ ‎4．I wish that sports day could be_abandoned (abandon) and replaced with some other less competitive events.‎ ‎5．Only when everyone has the environmental awareness (aware) can we have cleaner air.‎ ‎6．The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with a few short pauses (pause) in between.‎ ‎7．To everyone's surprise, the CEO fled (flee) to the US, leaving his company in a mess.‎ ‎8．I was too scared (scare) to go into the water even though they tried to persuade me several times.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．While she was in Paris, she developed a tasty for fine art.tasty→taste ‎2．When the sun's rays hit the earth, heat is reflecting back into space.reflecting→reflected ‎3．In most cases, try to narrowing your focus rather than cast a broad net.narrowing→narrow ‎4．A truck came in an opposite direction of the car, so the car driver made a sharply turn.sharply→sharp ‎5．If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing deep and variety.deep→depth_‎ Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败。(reflect)‎ You should set aside some time to_reflect_on/upon_your_successes_and_failures.‎ ‎2．没意识到保护环境的重要性是造成他们污染这条河流的原因。(aware)‎ Not_being_aware_of_the_importance_of_protecting_the_environment accounts for their polluting the river.‎ ‎3．感到无比沮丧，他让自己沉浸在伤感的音乐中。(abandon)‎ Feeling frustrated, he abandoned_himself_to_sad_music.‎ ‎4．为了规范圈养动物的放生，政府制定了野生动物保护法。(conservation)‎ In order to regulate the release of captive animals, the government made ‎ the law on wildlife conservation.‎ ‎5．我极力主张他们制定一个规则，希望他们通过相互帮助广交朋友、学习更多知识。(urge)‎ I urge_them_to_make_a_rule,_hoping that they will make more friends and learn more knowledge by helping each other.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1.aim at[串记1]　　 瞄准；力求达到 ‎2．Ahead of 优于；在……前面 ‎3．get_close_to 靠近；接近 ‎4．hear_of 听说 ‎5．(be)_scared_to_death 吓死了 ‎6．upside_down 上下翻转 ‎7．in_the_meantime 在此期间；与此同时 ‎8.help (...) out[串记2] 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难 ‎9．hold_up 举起；阻挡；使延误 ‎10．be/become_aware_of 对……知道、明白；意识到……‎ ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“v.＋at”短语荟萃 ‎①aim at瞄准　　　　　　　 ②point at指向 ‎③arrive at到达 ④laugh at嘲笑 ‎⑤knock at敲(门、窗等) ⑥call at 拜访某地 ‎⑦stare at 凝视 ⑧glare at怒目而视 串记2.“动词＋out”短语专辑 ‎①help (...) out　　　　　　 帮助(某人)摆脱困境 ‎②work out 解决；算出；锻炼 ‎③figure out 解决；算出 ‎④find out 查明；弄清楚 ‎⑤try out 试用；试验 ‎⑥pick out 挑出；辨别出 ‎⑦give out 分发；耗尽；用光 ‎⑧run out 用光；耗尽 ‎⑨carry out 实行；实施 ‎⑩turn out 结果是；生产 ‎ ‎ ‎1．at the_beginning of the 20th century 　 在20世纪初期 ‎2．witness it with one's own eyes 亲眼目睹 ‎3．sort out one's accommodation 整理某人的住宿 ‎4．run down to the shore 跑到海边 ‎5．crash down 坠落 ‎6．the vivid colours 鲜艳的色彩 ‎7．in the warm night air 在温暖的夜空下 ‎8．beat widely 急剧地跳动着 ‎ ‎ ‎1．It was　a　time　when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.‎ 那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。‎ ‎2．This was the call that announced there was_about_to_be a whale hunt.‎ 这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。‎ ‎3．As we drew closer, I could_see_a_whale_being_attacked_by a pack of about six other killers.‎ 随着我们的逼近，我能看见一条鲸鱼正在被其他六条虎鲸袭击。‎ ‎4．I'm sitting in the warm night air with_a_cold_drink_in_my_hand and reflecting on the day — a day of pure magic!‎ 我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！‎ ‎5．The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.‎ 水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子/词汇升级)‎ ‎1．(2016•全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard_of (听说) Rachel Carson.‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.(用本单元的短语替换加彩词)became_aware_of 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你最好练习用筷子，或者让他们提前知道你需要叉子或勺子。‎ And you'd better practice using chopsticks or let them know ahead_of_time_that you need a fork or spoon.‎ ‎2．(2015•四川高考书面表达)我从你的帖子中了解到，你在提高普通话方面有困难。我愿意帮助你。‎ I learned from your post that you have trouble improving your Mandarin.I am willing to_help_you_out.‎ ‎3．(2014•山东高考写作)正如一句谚语所说，有志者，事竟成。我们的心中有了强烈的信念，我们就一定会为此而奋斗，然后终有一天，我们的努力会有回报。(where引导地点状语从句，with复合结构)‎ As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way.With a strong will in our　heart,　we are bound to struggle for it and our efforts will pay off one day.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．help (...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)help sb.with/(to) do sth. 帮助某人某事/做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 can't help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事 help yourself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(吃/用……)‎ ‎(2)with the help of sb.＝with one's help 在某人的帮助下 be of help to＝be helpful to/for　 对……有帮助 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I have been busy with my study and seldom help my parents with the housework.‎ ‎②We think this is the opportunity for us youth to contribute to helping the victims out.‎ ‎③(2017•全国卷Ⅱ)I told the story to the class.As sad as it was, I couldn't help smiling (smile)．‎ 单句改错 ‎④With help of the teacher, he has made great progress in his English.With后加the ‎[写美]　一句多译 ‎(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)希望这些建议对你有所帮助。‎ ‎⑤Hopefully,_these_suggestions_would_be_helpful_to/for_you.‎ ‎⑥Hopefully,_these_suggestions_would_be_of_help_to_you.‎ ‎2．be/become aware of 对……知道、明白；意识到……‎ ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be aware that ...　　　 意识到/体会到……‎ ‎(2)awareness n. 意识；认识；觉悟 develop an awareness of 逐渐懂得；培养……的意识 raise an awareness of 提高……意识 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Learning English not only increases my awareness (aware) of foreign cultures but also helps me to communicate with Englishspeaking people and to make more new friends.‎ ‎②In my opinion, it's very important to develop an awareness of health now.‎ ‎③I would like to speak for pandas so that I can learn more about how to protect them and raise people's awareness of animal protection.‎ 单句改错 ‎④Some activities should be carried out to make people aware the importance of donating blood.aware后加of ‎[写美]　 补全句子 ‎⑤作为社会的一员，我意识到有责任感是建设一个更好的社会所需要的。‎ As a member of society, I am_aware_that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．分词作宾语补足语 ‎[教材原句]　As we drew closer, I could_see_a whale_being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2015•浙江高考)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being_performed (perform) live is quite another.‎ ‎(2)Listen! Do you hear someone calling (call) for help?‎ ‎(3)I was sleeping when I heard my name_shouted (shout)．‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)being done表示“正在被……”，它可以作宾语补足语，表示被动和进行。‎ ‎(2)除了being done可以作宾补之外，doing(现在分词)和done(过去分词)也可以作宾补。doing作宾补，表示动作为主动进行；done作宾补表示被动完成。‎ 注意事项 being done除了作宾语补足语表示被动和正在进行外，还有以下句法功能：(1)作后置定语，表示被动和正在进行；(2)作宾语，表示被动；(3)作主语，表示被动。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)They went off together and left me sitting there.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2017•北京高考书面表达)Several days later, when we had the video being played on the graduation ceremony, the audience burst into applause, which surely gave us a great sense of achievement.(要点句)‎ ‎2．where ..., there be ... “在……的地方，有……”‎ ‎[教材原句]　The water was quite shallow but_where the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)We live where the road crosses the river.‎ 我们住在河流与街道交叉的地方。‎ ‎(2)As far as I'm concerned, you are free to go wherever you like.就我个人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 where ..., there be ...，意为“在……的地方，有……”， where引导地点状语从句。另外 wherever“无论什么地方，无论在何处”也可引导地点状语从句。‎ 注意事项 where在句中引导地点状语从句时，很容易和引导定语从句相混淆，区别的关键在于where前面是否有需要修饰的先行词。High buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago.(状语从句) High buildings have arisen in the place where there was nothing a year ago.(定语从句，先行词为the place)‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2016•江苏高考书面表达) Where we see competitions, there are ‎ online votes.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2017•6月浙江高考写作)We are going to meet at the school gate at 7 a．m.and cycle to the nearby mountain, where we can go hiking and enjoy a picnic.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 become aware of， in the meantime， help out， upside down， ahead of， hold up， be scared to death， get close to ‎ ‎1．The reason is that more and more people are eager to get_close_to nature.‎ ‎2．I know he is a little selfish; in_the_meantime,_I must admit he is a good worker.‎ ‎3．From now on, don't take me to watch horrible movies.I was_scared_to_death last night.‎ ‎4．The building work has been held_up by the bad weather.‎ ‎5．To look for his lost magazine, the man turned the whole room upside_down.‎ ‎6．There were still four people ahead_of me in the long queue.‎ ‎7．In my opinion, we should make everyone become_aware_of the importance and urgency of protecting the environment.‎ ‎8．A good dictionary will help_out in one's reading.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．我们正在接近一个时代，那时机器很可能在很多领域要比人聪明。(a time when)‎ We are approaching a　time　when　machines　will　be　probably　clever than humans in many fields.‎ ‎2．请记住：哪里有问题，哪里就有解决办法。(where ..., there be ...)‎ Remember that where_there_is_a_problem,_there_is_always_a_solution.‎ ‎3．随着圣诞节的来临，我们发现很多人都在忙着购物。(with复合结构)‎ With_Christmas_drawing_closer,_we found many people busy in shopping.‎ ‎4．当我打开门时，我发现我们的数学老师正被一群好奇的孩子们围着。(分词作宾语补足语)‎ When I opened the door，I found our maths teacher being surrounded by a group of　curious kids.‎ ‎5．然而，当音乐会即将开始时，一件意想不到的事情发生了。(be about to)‎ However, an unexpected thing happened when the_concert_was_about_to_start.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，请你根据以下提示向国际野生动物组织写一封投诉信，反映非法捕猎海洋生物的现象。‎ ‎1．非法捕猎海洋生物越来越严重；‎ ‎2．五年来非法捕猎鲸鱼导致它的数量急剧减少；‎ ‎3．如果非法捕猎海洋生物得不到阻止，海洋生物的生态平衡将遭到灾难性的破坏。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 ‎1．审题：①文体：投诉信　②人称：主要是第三人称 ‎③时态：现在完成时和一般将来时 ‎2．本文可从以下三个要点入手进行写作：‎ 要点1：点明投诉原因和写信目的——非法捕猎海洋生物越来越严重并说明造成的后果，写信是为了反映这一情况。‎ 要点2：指出出现这一现象的原因主要是人们忽视了保护海洋动物和海洋的重要性。‎ 要点3：最后提出希望，希望对方能认真考虑这件事。‎ 要点1－①：我写信投诉非法捕猎海洋生物越来越严重。‎ I_am_writing_to_complain_that_the_illegal_hunt_for_ocean_creatures_is_becoming_worse_and_worse.‎ 要点1－②：在过去的五年中鲸鱼的数目急剧减少。‎ The_number_of_the_whale_has_sharply_decreased_in_the_past_five_years.‎ 要点1－③：在全世界范围内鲸鱼成为非法捕猎的主要目标。‎ The_whale_has_been_the_main_target_of_the_illegal_hunt_in_the_whole_world.‎ 要点2－①：曾经我们没有意识到保护海洋生物的重要性。‎ Once_we_were_not_aware_of_the_importance_of_protecting_ocean_creatures.‎ 要点2－②：如果我们不停止在海洋中非法捕猎，海洋生物的生态平衡将遭到灾难性的破坏。‎ If_we_did_not_stop_the_illegal_hunt_in_the_ocean,_the_ecological_balance_of_ocean_creatures_would_be_disatrously_destroyed.‎ 要点3：我希望现在你们能认真考虑这件事。‎ I_hope_that_you_will_now_reflect_on_this_matter_seriously.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展和升级。‎ ‎1．要点1－②中用witness的拟人修辞手法改写升级句子，使表达更形象，并用because将要点1－②和1－③合并。‎ ‎2．要点2－①用when引导的定语从句升级句子并增加导致的结果。(污染和生物多样性减少)‎ ‎3．要点3用do强调谓语动词改写句子并增加“努力阻止此类事情再次发生”。‎ 合并升级要点1－②和1－③：过去的五年见证了鲸鱼数量的急剧减少，因为它已经成为全世界非法捕猎的主要目标。(witness，because引导的原因状语从句)‎ The_past_five_years_have_witnessed_the_sharp_decrease_of_the_whale_because_it_has_been_the_main_target_of_the_illegal_hunt_in_the_whole_world.‎ 拓展要点2－①：曾经有一段时间我们没有意识到保护海洋生物的重要性，造成了严重的海洋污染和生物多样性的减少。(there was a time when ...，现在分词作状语)‎ There_was_a_time_when_we_were_not_aware_of_the_importance_of_protecting_ocean_creatures,_causing_the_seriously_ocean_pollution_and_the_decrease_of_biological_diversity.‎ 拓展要点3：我的确希望现在你们能认真考虑这件事并努力阻止此类事情再次发生。(do 强调谓语动词)‎ I_do_hope_that_you_will_now_reflect_on_this_matter_seriously_and_make_an_effort_to_prevent_this_from_happening_again.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本写作可采用“三段式”结构组织全文。首段开门见山指出目前非法捕猎严重带来的严重后果；中间段分析原因，并提出海洋保护的重要性；最后一段表达自己的期望。写作时要注意分清层次和段落，切忌平铺直叙。‎ Dear_Sir_or_Madam，‎ I_am_writing_to_complain_that_the_illegal_hunt_for_ocean_creatures_is_becoming_worse_and_worse.The_past_five_years_have_witnessed_the_sharp_decrease_of_the_whale_because_it_has_been_the_main_target_of_the_illegal_hunt_in_the_whole_world.‎ There_was_a_time_when_we_were_not_aware_of_the_importance_of_protecting_ocean_creatures,_causing_the_seriously_ocean_pollution_and_the_decrease_of_biological_diversity.If_we_did_not_stop_the_illegal_hunt_in_the_ocean，the_ecological_balance_of_ocean_creatures_would_be_disatrously_destroyed.‎ I_do_hope_that_you_will_now_reflect_on_this_matter_seriously_and_make_an_effort_to_prevent_this_from_happening_again.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua ‎ ‎ 理清句间结构之(十)　指代 为了简洁明了地表达事物及其逻辑关系，作者常会利用各种代词、名词来代替前面提到过的人、物或事。当指代词前后的句子结构比较复杂、指代词与其代替的人、物或事相隔较远或指代词周围出现多个事物时，这种指代关系往往不容易一下区分清楚，因而常常受到命题人的青睐。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018•全国卷Ⅰ•阅读七选五 Color is fundamental in home design — something you'll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to ‎ relax after a long day? 36_B(Whatever_you're_looking_for),_color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.‎ Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. __37__， they can get a little complex. But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.‎ A．While all of them are useful B．Whatever you're looking for C．If you're experimenting with a color D．Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with E．It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways ‎[分析]　空格后的“they”指代上文中的“a number of different techniques”，且与A项中的“all of them”相呼应，故A项符合语境。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2017•全国卷Ⅰ•C篇 ‎[2]Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ ‎[3]It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center's ‎ artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.‎ Q: What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Jazz becoming more accessible.‎ B．The production of jazz growing faster.‎ C．Jazz being less popular with the young.‎ D．The jazz audience becoming larger.‎ ‎[分析]　第二段介绍了爵士乐不受年轻人喜欢。第三段首句承接上文，介绍了Jason Moran帮助改变这个状况，故画线词that指代上段的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量不断减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2017•全国卷Ⅰ•D篇 ‎[2]To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the_water_catcher's productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.‎ Q: What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．The tube.　　　　　　　　 B．The still.‎ C．The hole. D．The cup.‎ ‎[分析]　根据选段第一句“To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.”可知，画线部分the water catcher指代前句中的a working still，即自制的太阳能蒸馏器。故选B。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 30分钟 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Accommodation at University College Cork, Ireland Oncampus Accommodation UCC Campus accommodation is more than just a place to eat and sleep — it provides social, cultural and sporting shops and the chance to develop friendships that will last a lifetime.Our accommodation services are divided into our two areas of operation, one being the safe, modern accommodation for those studying during the academic year.The other one is the excellent summer accommodation for holiday or summer course visitors who are seeking what is a very special environment to stay in with every modern convenience but dipped in history and the atmosphere of one of Europe's oldest and most highly regarded universities.‎ Rental Housing This is where the student lives with a family and 1～5 other students and ‎ you get your breakfast, evening meal and light supper.Rates are available for both single and shared rooms, five days or sevenday board.Prices are set and no landlady can charge over this agreed rate.This is a very economical and safe accommodation option and particularly well suited to freshmen.Lists of landladies are available free from the Accommodation Office by post, fax and email.‎ Shared Student Housing Available rooms are advertised in the Accommodation Office throughout the year.Updated lists of them are provided daily.Lifetime friendship is easily developed here.‎ Living with a Landlord Usually this provides more mature students with a high standard of accommodation at reasonable rents, usually a little below the market price.Vacancies are advertised in the Accommodation Office throughout the year.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了供大学生选择的一些住宿信息。‎ ‎1．What is special about the environment of oncampus accommodation?‎ A．It benefits freshmen a lot during holidays.‎ B．It is the most highly regarded accommodation in Europe.‎ C．It helps develop a lifelong friendship between roommates.‎ D．It is a perfect mix of modern equipment and historical surroundings.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Oncampus Accommodation部分中 ‎“modern accommodation for those studying during the academic year”以及“with every modern convenience but dipped in history and the atmosphere of one of Europe's oldest and most highly regarded universities”可知校内住宿的环境的特殊之处在于它是现代化设备和历史环境的完美混合，故选D。‎ ‎2．Which is recommended to firstyear students at their university?‎ A．Oncampus Accommodation.‎ B．Living with a Landlord.‎ C．Shared Student Housing.‎ D．Rental Housing.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Rental Housing部分中“This is a very economical and safe accommodation option and particularly well suited to freshmen.”可知，对于大一新生来说，特别推荐Rental Housing，故选D。‎ ‎3．What do we know about the Accommodation Office?‎ A．It doesn't deal with rents for students.‎ B．It serves students and gets paid for what it does.‎ C．It provides information on the accommodation choices.‎ D．It is seen as a bridge between the university and students.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Available rooms are advertised in the Accommodation Office throughout the year.”可推断出Accommodation Office提供住宿选择的信息，故选C。‎ B In the Arctic Ocean waters live the social animals — belugas, which are also known as white whales.Highly intelligent, these whales use different sounds to communicate and find their way.Belugas are also among the smallest kinds of whales.‎ More than 210 belugas, including 31 in the United States, live in aquariums (水族馆) around the world.The Georgia Aquarium has asked for permission to bring 18 more belugas into the US.The whales were caught off the coast of Russia.The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is considering the aquarium's request thoroughly.A law called the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) says the animals can only be brought into the country and put on display if they are caught without being hurt and there is an educational reason for doing so.‎ Georgia Aquarium officials say the 18 belugas will help people learn more about the species and allow scientists to better understand how to protect it.The aquarium would also breed the whales so the US aquariums can continue to display them.“When we can study and observe，we gain a better understanding of their biology and diseases that affect them，and learn how to aid populations in their natural habitats，” says William Hurley, Georgia Aquarium's chief officer.“Much of this research would be impossible in the remote locations and extreme climates where the ‎ animals live.” The Georgia Aquarium would own the 18 belugas and would rent some to aquariums across the country.‎ Meanwhile，many scientists，including Lori Marino，a whale expert, feel strongly that the whales belong in the ocean, not in tanks.These scientists say the whales are being used for entertainment and not for education, and having them in aquariums is not necessary for the species to survive.Marino said，“Not only is it unfair to the belugas but there is no educational value in putting these whales on display.” ‎ 语篇解读：白鲸是一种生活在北极的聪明的动物，现在有210多头生活在人类世界的水族馆里，美国的一家水族馆请求再引进18头，引起了专家们的争论。‎ ‎4．What can we learn about belugas?‎ A．They live in the Atlantic Ocean.‎ B．They are highly thought of.‎ C．They are very smart whales.‎ D．They are the smallest in number.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Highly intelligent, these whales ... their way.”可得出答案。‎ ‎5．If the Georgia Aquarium's request is allowed, __________ .‎ A．there'll be 210 belugas in the world B．259 belugas in all will be kept in aquariums C．there will be 49 belugas kept in aquariums in the US D．18 belugas will be caught by Russians ‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“including 31 in the United States, live in aquariums (水族馆)”以及“to bring 18 more belugas into the US”可得出答案。‎ ‎6．According to Marine Mammal Protection Act, ________.‎ A．the request should be refused without consideration B．animals cannot be brought into the US and put on display C．animals can only be caught if they were hurt D．animals cannot be caught for commercial purposes 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中“is considering the aquarium's request thoroughly”可知A项错误；根据第二段最后一句中“says the animals ... for doing so”可知B、C两项错误。故选D。‎ ‎7．What does the third paragraph intend to tell us?‎ A．The reasons why Georgia Aquarium requests for the 18 belugas.‎ B．How the 18 belugas will be dealt with in Georgia Aquarium.‎ C．Belugas can live better in human care in Georgia Aquarium.‎ D．Scientific research about the belugas can be done better in the wild.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。本段主要介绍了乔治亚水族馆的主管说明申请引进18头白鲸的理由。故选A项。‎ C ‎(2019•郑州第三次质量预测)Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly ‎ improved their knowledge of natural history.However, a lot of information is still the subject of speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.‎ One subject that they guess at is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs that allowed them to move onto and live on land.‎ Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.‎ Romer thought that tide pools might have led to fish gaining limbs.Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides.Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die.The fittest among them grew to accomplish the transition from sea to land.‎ Romer called these earliest fourfooted animals “tetrapods”．Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.‎ Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden.She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using computer software, her team had managed to link Romer's theory to places where fossil deposits of the earliest tetrapods were found.‎ According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at ‎ the University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today.This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.‎ The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”， explained Mattias Green, an ocean scientist at the UK's Bangor University.As he told Science, “After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food ...The fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip (快速翻转) themselves back in the water.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就“大约4亿年前，为什么海里的动物长出了可以使它们迁移到并生活在陆地上的四肢？”这一问题列出了不同的科学家提供的不同证据。‎ ‎8．Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools?‎ A．Alfred Romer.　　　　　　 B．Charles Darwin.‎ C．Hannah Byrne. D．Steven Balbus.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段及第四段第一句可知，最先提出潮水潭导致鱼类长出四肢这一观点的是美国的古生物学家Alfred Romer，故本题选A。‎ ‎9．Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they are today according to Steven Balbus?‎ A．There were larger oceans.‎ B．Earth was closer to the moon.‎ C．The moon gave off more energy.‎ D．Earth was under greater pressure.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第七段最后一句“This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.”可知，4亿年前，潮汐比现在更强劲，这是因为地球离月球比现在近了10%。本题答案为B。‎ ‎10．The underlined word “stranded” in the last paragraph probably means “________”．‎ A．found B．settled C．abandoned D．trapped 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food”可知，“The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of ‘survival of the fittest’”表示被困在潮水潭的生物将会受到“适者生存”的压力。第四段第三句也是信息提示。故本题答案为D。trap“使落入险境，使陷入困境”。‎ ‎11．What is the focus of the article?‎ A．The arguments over a scientific theory.‎ B．The proposal of a new scientific theory.‎ C．Some new evidence to support a previous theory.‎ D．A new discovery that questions a previous theory.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。根据第三段可知，最近美国古生物学家Alfred Romer一个世纪前的想法再次成为一个热门话题。根据第二段可知，这个想法正是对“大约4亿年前，为什么海里的动物长出了可以使它们迁移到并生活在陆地上的四肢？”这一问题的思考，故这个问题是以前的问题，且文章给出了不同的科学家最近提供的不同证据。故选C。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2019•四川省绵阳市诊断性考试)Stress is so common that many people choose to ignore it.But without right management, stress can be something much more serious.__1___ They allow you to continue living your life in a healthy, happy manner.‎ Breathe The stressrelief technique that pretty much everyone's heard of, the act of breathing nonetheless remains an important point as any when it comes to cooling down the angry blood that's raging (发怒) around your body.___2___‎ Write ‎__3___Scribble (涂写) your feelings onto a piece of paper.They don't even have to make sense.Just punch (按键) away at your computer on a daytoday basis for five or ten minutes, and you might be surprised at how light, and carefree you feel afterwards.‎ ‎__4___‎ Laughing allows us to take in a momentous supply of fresh oxygen from the air, stimulating (刺激) the muscles and providing our system with some healthy shock treatment that eases tension brought on by stress.Laughing is something we need to do everyday to stay healthy, and is a great way to keep the bad effects of stress at bay.‎ Sleep Sleep is absolutely essential for avoiding high stress levels.Everyone needs good amounts of rest, and by remaining glued (寸步不离) to a computer screen for the entire day without taking a break, your body will suffer the consequences, and stress will rise as a result.__5___‎ A．Cry B．Laugh C．Stress can build up in anyone.‎ D．Listed here are 4 ways to cope with stress.‎ E．Type away at your desk and channel your emotions into your harddrive.‎ F．Taking along, deep breath to calm yourself is medically proven to be beneficial.‎ G．Take frequent breaks away from the screen, get some sleep, and see your stress ease up.‎ 语篇解读：本文作者针对如何减压这一问题给出了自己的一些建议。‎ ‎1．选D　下文提到他们会让你继续以一种健康、快乐的方式生活，再结合下面几段列举的四种应对压力的方法可知，应选D。‎ ‎2．选F　根据小标题可知，本段主要介绍了呼吸减压法，F项中提到了深呼吸减压法，符合题意。‎ ‎3．选E　下文提到把自己的压力写在一张纸上，E项谈到在桌边把你的情绪打出来，符合题意。‎ ‎4．选B　根据下文可知，本段主要讲述的是大笑减压法，故选B项。‎ ‎5．选G　此段讲述的是睡眠减压法，同时还提到了坐在电脑前寸步不离会伤害身体，G项谈到远离电脑屏幕，好好睡觉让压力得以缓解，符合题意。‎