2018届人教版必修3一轮复习：Unit4Astronomey-thescienceofstars单元学案（41页）

2018届人教版必修3一轮复习：Unit4Astronomey-thescienceofstars单元学案（41页）

Unit4Astronomey-the science of stars单元学案 Section_ⅠWarming__Up_&_Reading_—_Prereading ‎[原文呈现] [读文清障]‎ HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago①. However, according to② a widely accepted③ theory④， the universe began with⑤ a “Big Bang⑥” that threw matter in all directions⑦. After that, atoms⑧ began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.‎ For several billion⑨ years after the “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust⑩. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe⑪. The earth became so violent⑫ that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not⑬. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to⑭ produce carbon dioxide⑮， nitrogen⑯， water vapour⑰ and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere⑱. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down⑲， water began to appear on its surface.‎ ‎①as it happened so long ago是as引导的原因状语从句。‎ ‎②according to“根据”，后跟名词、代词等，不跟me, us, view, opinion等词。‎ ‎③widely accepted广泛接受的 ‎④theory/'θIərI/ n．学说；理论 ‎⑤begin with (＝start with) 从……开始，起源于 ‎⑥Big Bang宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸 ‎⑦in all directions (＝in every direction)朝四面八方 ‎⑧atom/'ætəm/ n．原子 ‎⑨billion/'bIlIən/pron.&n.&adj.〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿 ‎⑩a cloud of dust一团尘埃 a cloud of 一般用来修饰不可数名词。‎ ‎⑪globe/ɡləʊb/ n．球体；地球仪；地球 global/'ɡləʊbl/ adj.全球性的；全世界的 ‎⑫violent/'vaIələnt/ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 ‎⑬it为形式主语，whether从句为真正的主语。‎ ‎⑭in time to do sth./for ‎ sth.及时做某事；来得及做某事 in time及时；终于 ‎⑮carbon dioxide二氧化碳　‎ carbon/'kɑːbən/ n．碳 dioxide/daI'ɒksaId/ n．二氧化物 ‎⑯nitrogen/'naItrədʒən/ n．氮 ‎⑰water vapour 蒸气；水蒸气 vapour/'veIpə/ n．水蒸气；蒸气 ‎⑱atmosphere/'ætməsfIə/ n．大气层；气氛 ‎⑲cool down 凉下来，冷却 地球上生命的起源 ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始的，因为在很久以前它就形成了。然而，根据一种普遍为人们所接受的理论，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。‎ 大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，地球还只是一团尘埃。(随后)它变成什么没人确定，直到45～38亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固态的球体。地球变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火和岩石，最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。更重要的是，随着地球冷却了下来，地球的表面开始出现了水。‎ Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike⑳ the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction， which made it possible for life to develop.‎ Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen， which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians， were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs， developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly ‎⑳unlike/ʌn'laIk/ prep.与……不同；不像 反义词like prep.与……相同 fundamental/ˌfʌndə'mentl/ adj.基本的；基础的 be fundamental to是……的基础 It was not immediately obvious that ..., it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。‎ the continued presence of water 水的长期存在 continued adj.持续不断的 presence/'prezns/ n．出席；到场；存在 dissolve/dI'zɒlv/vt.&vi.溶解；解散 harmful/'hɑːmfl/ adj.有害的 be harmful to对……有害(＝do harm to)‎ acid/'æsId/ n．酸 a chain reaction连锁反应 chain/tʃeIn/n.链子；连锁；锁链 in chains戴着镣铐 reaction/rI'ækʃn/ n．反应；回应 multiply/'mʌltIplaI/vi.&vt.乘；增加 oxygen/'ɒksIdʒən/ n．氧 ‎ disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.‎ encourage vt.鼓励；激励；促进；激发 shellfish/'ʃelfIʃ/n.水生有壳动物 called amphibians“被称为两栖动物”，过去分词短语called ...作后置定语。‎ amphibian/æm'fIbIən/ n．两栖动物 as well as 也；还；与……一样好 reptile/'reptaIl/n.爬行动物；爬虫 lay eggs下蛋；产卵 dinosaur n．恐龙 exist/Ig'zIst/vi.存在；生存 the age of the dinosaurs恐龙时代 why引导的主语从句。‎ the rise of mammals哺乳动物的兴起 mammal/'mæml/ n．哺乳动物 give birth to 产生；分娩 ‎[第3～4段译文]‎ 在其他行星像火星上也出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家相信，地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。‎ 好几百万年以后，水的表面开始出现了第一批极小的植物。它们繁殖起来使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。接着，绿色植物开始在陆地上生长。随后，陆地上出现了动物，其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，它们既能在陆地上生活，也能在水里生活。后来，当这些植物长成森林时，爬行动物第一次出现了。它们一般是通过孵蛋来繁衍后代的。再后来，一些叫恐龙的巨型动物出现了。它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。然而，六千五百万年前，恐龙时代结束了。它们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的兴起成为了可能。这些动物不同于以往所有的生命形态，因为它们从体内生产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。‎ Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn， become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.‎ thus/ðʌs/ adv.因此；于是 in one's turn轮到某人；接着 prevent ...from doing阻止/制止……做 as a result of由于……的结果 too hot to live on太热而不能在上面居住 too ...to ...太……而不能……；‎ live on中的on不能省略，因为the earth是其逻辑上的宾语，而live是不及物动词，后须加介词才能跟宾语。‎ depend on取决于；依靠 ‎[第5段译文]‎ 最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明、长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球的各个地方。于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。然而，他们并没有照顾好地球，他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。因此，许多科学家相信地球可能会变得太热而不适合(生物的)生存。所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。‎ Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．astronomy　　　　　　　　 A．学说；理论 ‎2．system B．猛烈的；激烈的 ‎3．theory C．大气层；气氛 ‎4．violent D．基本的；基础的 ‎5．atmosphere E．乘；增加 ‎6．fundamental F．谜；(使)迷惑 ‎7．harmful G．存在；生存 ‎8．multiply H．有害的 ‎9．exist I．天文学 ‎10．puzzle J．系统；体系；制度 ‎11．unlike K．宗教；宗教信仰 ‎12．religion L．与……不同；不像 ‎1～5________　6～10________　11～12________‎ 答案：1～5　IJABC　6～10　DHEGF　11～12　LK Leadin Look at the pictures below and answer the following questions.‎ ‎1．Are you interested in astronomy？What can you see in the following pictures?‎ 答案：A.The Solar System B．The Milky Way　C．The Black Hole ‎2．Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth. What do you know about the origin of life on earth?‎ 　 　 Whilereading Fastreading ‎1．First look at the title and the pictures of the text, and then skim the first sentence of each paragraph and finish the following question.‎ What's the main idea of the text?‎ The passage mainly tells us the_formation_of_the_earth_and_the_development_of_life_on_it.‎ ‎ 2.Match the main idea with the proper paragraph.‎ ‎(1)Paragraph 1　 A．How humans appeared and what effects they had ‎ ‎ on the earth.‎ ‎(2)Paragraph 2 B．Water is very important to life on the earth.‎ ‎(3)Paragraph 3 C．How the earth formed.‎ ‎(4)Paragraph 4 D．How the plants and animals on the earth ‎ ‎ developed. ‎ ‎(5)Paragraph 5 E．It is widely accepted that the universe began with ‎ ‎ a “Big Bang”．‎ 答案：(1)～(5)　ECBDA Carefulreading Choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．This passage is mainly about ________.‎ A．the earth's atmosphere B．the solar system C．the development of life D．the difference between the earth and other planets ‎2．What happened shortly after the “Big Bang”？‎ A．The earth was just a cloud of energetic dust.‎ B．The earth became a solid ball quickly.‎ C．The earth's atmosphere appeared.‎ D．Water stayed on the moon.‎ ‎3．What makes the earth different from other planets?‎ A．It's quite warm on the earth.‎ B．There is plenty of atmosphere.‎ C．Small plants growing on the surface of the water appeared.‎ D．The first oceans and seas were filled with oxygen.‎ ‎4．When ________， reptiles appeared.‎ A．the first green plants began to appear on land B．land animals appeared C．the plants grew into forests D．early shellfish developed 答案：1～4　CACC Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.‎ ‎1．No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始的，因为在很久以前它就形成了。‎ ‎2．What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　‎ 随后它变成什么没人确定，直到45～38亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固态的球体。‎ ‎3．What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.‎ ‎[句式分析]　这是一个复合句。what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；as在表语从句中引导状语从句。‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　更重要的是，随着地球的不断冷却，地球表面出现了水。‎ ‎4．So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ [尝试翻译]　所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。‎ Section_ⅡWarming_Up_&_Reading_—_Language_Points 一、这样记单词 记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.astronomy n．　　　　　　　天文学 ‎2.system n. 系统；体系；制度 ‎3.theory n. 学说；理论 ‎4.atom n. 原子 ‎5.globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球 ‎6.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛 ‎7.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的 ‎8.multiply vi.&vt. 乘；增加 ‎9.oxygen n. 氧 ‎10.puzzle n. 谜；难题 vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 ‎ Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.unlike prep.与……不同；不像→like vt.喜欢 prep.像；如同→likely adj.可能的 ‎2.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→ violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地 ‎3.harmful adj.有害的→harm n．&v.伤害→ harmless adj.无害的 ‎4.exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存 ‎1.harmful adj.有害的 ‎[记法]　harm(损害) ＋ful(形容词后缀)→harmful(有害的)‎ ‎[联想]　盘点ful后缀形容词 ‎①care→careful小心的　 　　②hope→hopeful有希望的 ‎③help→helpful有帮助的 ④use→useful有用的 ‎2.unlike prep.与……不同；不像 ‎[联想]　un前缀形容词集锦 ‎①usual→unusual不寻常的 ②able→unable 不能够 ‎③fair→unfair不公平的 ④fit→unfit不健康的 ‎ ‎⑤happy→unhappy不高兴的 ‎ ‎3.multiply vi.&vt.乘；增加 ‎[联想]　数学运算小聚 ‎①add v. 加；增加，添加 ‎②subtract v. 减；减去，扣除 ‎③divide v. 除；(使)相除 ‎4.oxygen n．氧 ‎[联想]　常见气体小结 ‎①carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 ‎②nitrogen 氮 ‎③hydrogen 氢 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.solar_system　　　　　　　太阳系 ‎2．in__time 及时；终于 ‎3．cool_down 冷却下来；变凉 ‎4．be_fundamental_to 对……(来说)是基本的 ‎5．lay_eggs 下蛋 ‎6．give_birth_to 产生；分娩 ‎7．in_one's_turn 轮到某人；接着 ‎8．prevent_...from_... ‎ ‎1.according to 　　　　　根据 ‎2．begin with 从……开始；起源于 ‎3．in all directions 朝四面八方 ‎4．a cloud of dust 一团尘埃 ‎5．a chain reaction 连锁反应 ‎6．as well as 也；还；与……一样好 ‎7．as a result of 由于……结果 ‎8．depend on 取决于；依靠 ‎ 阻止；制止 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago ... ‎ 随后它变成什么没人确定，直到45～38亿年前……‎ what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。‎ What_we_can't_get seems better than what we already have. ‎ 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们已经拥有的东西好。‎ ‎2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. ‎ 地球(开始)变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。‎ so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。‎ He worked so_hard_that he made great progress.‎ 他学习如此努力以至于他取得了巨大进步。‎ ‎3.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. ‎ 这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。‎ ‎“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构。‎ George made_it_clear_that he disagreed.‎ 乔治表示得很清楚了，他不同意。‎ ‎4.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. ‎ 所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。‎ 第一个whether引导主语从句。‎ Whether_we_will_hold_a_meeting is not decided.‎ 我们是否要开一个会，还没有决定。‎ ‎1．(教材P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.‎ 地球(开始)变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。‎ violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 ‎(1)a violent attack/storm　　 猛烈的攻击/暴风骤雨 ‎(2)violently adv. 猛烈地；凶猛地 violence n. 暴力；暴行；激情 with violence 猛烈地；强有力地 take ... by violence 强夺……‎ ‎①He was caught in a violent storm yesterday.‎ 他昨天碰上了暴风雨。‎ ‎②The wind blew violently (violent) and the climbers had to give up.‎ 风刮得很猛，登山队员们不得不放弃。‎ ‎③The young man was charged with robbery with violence.‎ 这个年轻人被指控暴力抢劫。‎ ‎[语境串记]　Tom was in violent pain. As a result, he behaved violently and treated everything with violence.‎ 汤姆处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。‎ ‎2．(教材P25～26)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.‎ 它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。‎ in time 及时；终于；迟早 ‎(1)in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。‎ ‎(2)in time作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth.或to do sth.。‎ ‎①You will succeed in time as long as you don't give up.‎ 只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。‎ ‎②The doctor came in time to_save (save) his life.‎ 医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。‎ ‎③Lucky for him, he was just in time for the bus.‎ 幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。‎ ‎[名师点津]　time 相关短语荟萃：‎ ‎①from time to time　　 有时；偶尔 ‎②at a time 每次 ‎③in no time 立刻；马上 ‎④at the same time 同时 ‎⑤at one time 一度；从前 ‎⑥at no time 绝不(置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装语序)‎ ‎3．(教材P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.‎ 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。‎ harmful adj.有害的 ‎(1)be harmful to ...　　　　　　　 对……有害 ‎(2)harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害 do harm to sb.＝ do sb.harm 对某人有害 ‎(3)harmless adj. 无害的 ‎①Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.‎ 你吸烟会危及孩子的健康。‎ ‎②It's harmful (harm) to your eyes to read books in the bus.　‎ 在公共汽车上看书对你的眼睛有害。‎ ‎③The medicine is harmful to children but harmless (harm) to adults.‎ 这种药对儿童有害，却对成年人没有什么害处。‎ ‎[语境串记]　This object gives off harmful gases which may do harm to our health. You must make the object harmless before you use it.‎ 此物会散发出有害气体，这些气体可能会损害我们的健康，你必须在使用它之前使它无害。‎ ‎4．(教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.‎ 它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了1亿4千多万年。‎ exist vi.存在；生存 ‎(1)exist in　　　　　　　 存在于……中 exist on 靠……生活/生存 There exists ... 存在……；有……‎ ‎(2)existence n. 存在；生活 in existence 现存的；现有的 come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在 ‎①Nothing exists on the moon as there is no water and no air.‎ 月球上没有东西生存，因为那里没有水和空气。‎ ‎②He finds it hard to exist on the money he's earning.‎ 他发现靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。‎ ‎③Nobody knows when the earth came into existence.‎ 没人知道地球是何时形成的。‎ ‎[名师点津]　exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也没有进行时。‎ ‎5．(教材P26)Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. ‎ 于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。‎ in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 in turn　　　　　　　　　 依次；轮流；转而；反过来 by turns 轮流；交替 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 ‎①It will be in Tom's turn to be on duty tomorrow.‎ 明天轮到汤姆值日。‎ ‎②They took turns to_look (look) after their parents.‎ 他们轮流照顾他们的父母。‎ ‎③It's my turn to_deliver (deliver) a speech in public.‎ 轮到我在公众面前发表演讲了。‎ ‎[名师点津]　by turns 是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。‎ ‎6．(教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.‎ 他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。‎ prevent ... from 阻止；制止 stop ...from (doing) sth. ...　　　　 制止……‎ keep ...from (doing) sth. ... 阻止……‎ protect ...from/against (doing) sth. ... ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　 保护……免受……伤害 ‎①No one can prevent this plan (from) being carried out.‎ 谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。‎ ‎②They were stopped from entering (enter) the burning building.‎ 他们被拦在了燃烧着的大楼外面。‎ ‎③Soldiers have been sent to protect the crew against/from attack.‎ 已经派出士兵保护船员免遭袭击。‎ ‎[名师点津]　短语prevent/stop/protect ... from ...中的from可以省略，keep ... from ...中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中，from均不可省略。‎ ‎7．(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.‎ 地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大疑惑之一。‎ puzzle n．谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 ‎(1)in a puzzle　　　　　　 感到困惑；不知如何是好 ‎(be) a puzzle to sb. ... ……对某人来说仍是个谜 ‎(2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索 ‎(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的 be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解 ‎①I'm in a puzzle as to how to get along with him.‎ 对于如何和他相处使我感到困惑。‎ ‎②Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.‎ 他们为什么干那件事仍然让我费解。‎ ‎③The student was puzzled about what to do next.‎ 这个学生对下一步做什么伤透了脑筋。‎ ‎[语境串记]　The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.‎ 她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。‎ ‎1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.‎ 这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。‎ 句中made it possible for life to develop属于“v.(动词)＋it＋adj./n.(宾补)＋to do/that从句”结构。该结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句。‎ ‎(1)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。‎ ‎①Praise makes good men better and bad men worse.‎ ‎[谚语]表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。‎ ‎②The police made them stand against the wall.‎ ‎＝ They were made by the police to_stand (stand) against the wall.‎ 警察强迫他们靠墙站着。‎ ‎[名师点津]　当“make＋宾语＋do sth.”变为被动语态时，不定式符号“to”要还原。‎ ‎(2)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置。即：make＋it＋‎ 宾语补足语＋不定式短语或从句(宾语补足语由名词或形容词充当)。常用于此结构中的动词还有：think, believe, find, consider, feel等。‎ ‎③I find it hard to_remember (remember) these words in a short time.‎ 我发现在短时间内记住这些词很难。‎ ‎④I must make it clear that I'll always support you.‎ ‎ 我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。‎ ‎2．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.‎ 地球(开始)变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。‎ ‎(1)句中whether ...or not引导主语从句，it为形式主语。‎ ‎①It matters little whether he likes it or not.‎ 他喜不喜欢并没有什么关系。‎ ‎(2)whether...(or not)引导的从句还可充当宾语、表语、同位语、状语等。‎ ‎②I'll see whether_she's_at_home.‎ 我来看看她在不在家。‎ ‎③A person has the right to vote, whether_he_is_male_or_female.‎ 一个人，无论他是男是女，都拥有选举权。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I should be back in time to watch the football match.‎ ‎2．Smoking too much does harm to your health.‎ ‎3．When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak.‎ ‎4．Their son was prevented from going to college last year because of their low income.‎ ‎5．I was unaware of his existence (exist) until today.‎ ‎6．We can't deal with it with violence (violent)．‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．Where the missing plane has gone still remains_a_puzzle_to_us.‎ 失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。‎ ‎2．I wonder whether_or_not_you_can_come_in_time.‎ 我不知道你能否及时赶过来。‎ ‎3．We have made it_a_habit_to_walk after supper.‎ ‎ 我们每天晚饭后散步已成习惯了。‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．What puzzled (迷惑) me was why they didn't take his advice.‎ ‎2．It is impossible to prove the existence (存在) of God.‎ ‎3．I felt my heart beating violently (猛烈地)．‎ ‎4．As is known, lack of sleep does great harm (伤害) to us students.‎ ‎5．Three multiplied (乘) by six is eighteen.‎ ‎6．He chained (拴) the dog for the night.‎ ‎7．The shortage of water has become a global (全球) problem.‎ ‎8．There're many theories (理论) about the origin of life.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It is uncertain whether he'll succeed in passing the driving test or not.‎ ‎2．His decision made it possible for us to finish the work by four o'clock this afternoon.‎ ‎3．Each of us in turn had to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.‎ ‎4．The situation in that country should be prevented from becoming (become) worse.‎ ‎5．You needn't worry because this snake is harmless (harm)．‎ ‎6．My relationship with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director.‎ ‎7．If you give up this chance, you'll regret it in time.‎ ‎8．Look at the pictures and take turns to_tell (tell) the story.‎ Ⅲ.选词填空 do great harm to， give birth to， in time， puzzle about， protect ...from ...， lay eggs， prevent ...from ...， in one's turn ‎1．As we know, laying_eggs is the ant queen's fulltime job.‎ ‎2．The other day my pet cat gave_birth_to a new little cat. ‎ ‎3．These factories have done_great_harm_to the environment.‎ ‎4．Some measures have been taken in_time to protect the environment.‎ ‎5．The new measures are designed to protect the public from people like these.‎ ‎6．We were prevented_from attending Professor Li's lecture by the heavy rain.‎ ‎7．I have been puzzling__about this question for weeks. ‎ ‎8．All the five daughters, in_their_turn,_took care of the sick father in hospital.‎ Ⅳ.课文语法填空 The earth was just a cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”．The earth 1.exploded (explode) loudly with fire and rock. They were in time 2.to_produce (produce) many things, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. 3.As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful (harm) gases. Then life began to develop.‎ The first small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas 5.with oxygen. This encouraged the 6.development (develop) of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects, reptiles 7.and dinosaurs and so on appeared after green plants appeared. Small clever animals spread all over the earth. They 8.are_putting (put) too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from 9.escaping (escape) from the earth into space. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years 10.to_come (come) will depend on whether this problem can be solved.‎ Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达 这条河流的两岸有(exist)许多工厂，有些已经对环境造成损害(harm)。去年，有家工厂曾经发生剧烈(violently)爆炸。因此，当地人们都陷入到巨大的恐慌中。听到已经及时(in time)采取措施阻止(prevent ...from)污染的进一步恶化，他们都感到非常高兴。‎ There_exist_many_factories_along_the_river,_some_of_which_have_done_great_harm_to_‎ the_environment._Last_year,_one_of_them_exploded_violently;_as_a_result,_the_local_people_got_into_a_great_panic._Hearing_that_some_measures_had_been_taken_in_time_to_prevent_the_pollution_from_getting_bad_to_worse,_they_were_all_more_than_glad._‎ Section_ⅢGrammar— 主语从句 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.‎ ‎②The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.‎ ‎③What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.‎ ‎④It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.‎ ‎⑤What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.‎ ‎⑥So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)以上黑体部分在句中作主语。‎ ‎(2)①句中的what在从句中作表语，但⑤句中的what在从句中作宾语；③句中的what在从句中作主语。‎ ‎(3)②⑥句中的whether意为：是否。‎ ‎(4)④句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。‎ 一、定义 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。‎ What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed aroundtheworld trip.‎ 让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。‎ It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.‎ 儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个女人很担心。‎ 二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能 ‎1．连接词that和whether/if ‎(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。‎ That she survived the accident is a miracle.‎ 她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。‎ ‎(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。‎ Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.‎ ‎＝It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.‎ 这个计划是否会实施还不知道。‎ ‎[名师点津]　whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。‎ ‎[即时演练1]　补全句子 ‎ ‎①That_she_could_come_to_help_us made us very happy.‎ 她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。‎ ‎②Whether_she_is_coming_or_not doesn't matter too much.‎ 她来不来都无关紧要。‎ ‎2．连接代词(who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等)‎ 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。‎ Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. ‎ 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。‎ Who will go to the concert is not known.‎ 不知道谁会去听音乐会。‎ Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.‎ 无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。‎ ‎[名师点津]　who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。‎ ‎3．连接副词(when, where, how, why等)‎ 连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。‎ How this happened is not clear to anyone. ‎ 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。‎ When we will have a meeting is an important question.‎ 我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。‎ Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. ‎ 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。‎ ‎[名师点津]　名词性从句引导词的确定步骤：‎ ‎(1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能；‎ ‎(2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义；‎ ‎(3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义；‎ ‎(4)确定从句的引导词。‎ ‎[即时演练2]　用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空 ‎ ‎①How it was done was a mystery. ‎ ‎②Why John was late for the class has been unexplained.‎ ‎③Which part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.‎ ‎④Where/When the English evening will be held has not yet been decided.‎ ‎⑤What surprises me most is that he is too proud.‎ ‎⑥Whoever is interested in the activity can sign your names. ‎ 三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构 ‎1．It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, strange, etc.)＋主语从句 It is important that he should know about this. ‎ 他应该知道此事是重要的。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。‎ ‎2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a pity, a/no surprise, etc.)＋主语从句 It's a pity that he didn't come. ‎ 很遗憾他没来。‎ ‎3．It ＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, proved, etc.)＋主语从句 It is suggested that the meeting be put off.‎ 有人建议会议延期召开。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。‎ ‎4．It＋不及物动词(happen, seem, appear, remain, etc.)＋主语从句 It seems that it is going to rain.‎ 看起来好像要下雨。‎ ‎5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句 It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly.‎ 让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然都来看他。‎ ‎[即时演练3]　 ‎ ‎(1)补全句子 ‎①It's_a_pity that you can't attend my birthday party.‎ 很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。‎ ‎②It's_suggested that the old man should go to the countryside to have a rest.‎ 建议这位老人到乡村休息一下。‎ ‎③It_seems_to_me that you disagree with the plan.‎ 在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。‎ ‎④It is doubtful whether_she_will_be_able_to_come_to_the_party.‎ 她是否能来参加聚会还很难说。‎ ‎⑤It_happened_that the harvest was bad that year.‎ 碰巧那年收成不好。‎ ‎(2)句型转换(每空一词)‎ ‎①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.‎ ‎→It surprised us that he suddenly fell ill last month.‎ ‎②Whether they will sell the house hasn't been yet decided.‎ ‎→It hasn't been decided yet whether they will sell the house.‎ ‎③That light travels in straight lines is known to us all.‎ ‎→It is known to us all that light travels in straight lines.‎ 四、主语从句中应注意的问题 ‎1．从句要用陈述语序 What we will do next should be decided.‎ 应该决定一下我们下一步该做什么。‎ ‎2．主谓一致 ‎(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。‎ Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.‎ 毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。‎ ‎[名师点津]　what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。‎ What the school needs most are books.‎ 这所学校最需要的是书。‎ ‎(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。‎ When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.‎ 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。‎ When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.‎ 他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。‎ ‎[即时演练4]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①What surprised me most was (be) that the man in rags was a millionaire.‎ ‎②What he needs most is (be) money.‎ ‎③When and where the meeting will be held has_been_decided (decide) already.‎ ‎④That the coal workers are still alive is (be) a wonder.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Who will be in charge of the company is a mystery.‎ ‎2．Whether we will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.‎ ‎3．Where cars will be parked in the future is a question.‎ ‎4．It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.‎ ‎5．It is a pity that you missed the film.‎ ‎6．What made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match.‎ ‎7．Whoever breaks the law should be punished.‎ ‎8．What role he will play in the film hasn't been known.‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．(2016·天津高考书面表达)What_impresses_us_most_are (给我们印象最深的是) your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent. ‎ ‎2．(2014·湖南卷书面表达)What_surprises_us_most_is (让我们最吃惊的是) that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours.‎ ‎3．(2014·浙江卷书面表达)What_we_need_most_are (我们最需要的是) popular science books.‎ ‎4．That_he_will_attend_the_meeting (他将要参加会议) has excited every one of us.‎ ‎5．(广东高考作文)It_is_reported_that (据报道) about 30 volunteers who are at least 18 years old will be chosen from all over the world to go to the Mars by the year of 2015.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(用适当的连接词完成下面短文)‎ Everyone knew 1.that Wendy was a famous writer, but no one knew 2.where she came from and 3.whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. 4.What they did know was 5.that she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6.whoever was in need of money. Wendy was generous and helpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame. Wendy said she didn't understand 7.why they were so narrowminded, but it didn't matter 8.what others thought of her. She just wanted to do 9.what(ever) she thought was right. I think that is 10.where the meaning of ‎ life lies.‎ Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language ‎[原文呈现] [读文清障]‎ A VISIT TO① THE MOON Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to② make a trip③ into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship④！‎ Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me⑤ that the force of gravity⑥ would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off⑦. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into⑧ our seats because we were trying to escape the pull⑨ of the earth's gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other⑩. Gradually⑪ the weight lessened⑫ and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to⑬ the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked.“We are too far from⑭ the earth now to feel its pull，” he explained, “so we feel as if there is ‎①名词visit后接to，意为“到……的旅行”，to为介词。‎ ‎②have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事 ‎③make a trip(＝take a trip＝go on a trip)去旅行 ‎④in our spaceship乘宇宙飞船，相当于by spaceship。‎ spaceship/'speIsʃIp/n.宇宙飞船 ‎⑤explain sth. to sb.“向某人解释某事”。本句中explain的宾语是两个that从句，因太长而后移了。‎ explain后不能直接跟sb.，须先接介词to。类似的词还有say, announce等。‎ ‎⑥the force of gravity地心引力 ‎⑦be off离开，起飞。在本句中相当于take off。‎ ‎⑧push ...back into ...把……推回到……‎ ‎⑨pull/pʊl/n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 pull down拆毁 pull on/off匆忙穿上/匆忙脱掉 ‎ no gravity at all. When we get closer to⑮ the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling⑯ us, but it will not be as strong a pull as⑰ the earth's.” I cheered up⑱ immediately and floated⑲ weightlessly⑳ around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.‎ ‎⑩so ...that ...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。‎ ‎⑪gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地，渐渐地 ‎⑫lessen/'lesn/vi.&vt.减少；减轻 ‎⑬fall back to 落回到 ‎⑭be far from离……很远 ‎⑮get close to接近，靠近 ‎⑯feel sb./sth.doing sth.感到某人/某物在做某事 ‎⑰as strong a pull as为“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as”结构。‎ ‎⑱cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎⑲float/fləʊt/ vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物 ‎⑳weightlessly/'weItlIslI/adv.失重地 cabin /'kæbIn/n.小屋；船舱 现在分词短语watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger作伴随状语。watch sb./sth. do sth.观察某人/某物做某事。‎ 月球之旅 ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 我的朋友李彦平是一位天文学家，上个月我非常有幸有机会同他一起去太空旅行。我们乘宇宙飞船游览了月球！‎ 在起程以前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的旅行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。随后我们就起航了。随着火箭升入太空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。这种引力太强了，以至于我们彼此间都不能说话了。渐渐地，这个力量慢慢减小，我才能够同他讲话。我问道：“为什么宇宙飞船不会落回到地球呢？在地球上的时候，如果我从树上掉下来，总会朝地上落下去的。”李彦平解释说：“现在我们离地球太远了，感觉不到地球的拉力，所以我们感觉好像完全没有地球引力了。当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。”我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。‎ When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on，” I said. “If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less！” I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward， I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.‎ Leaving the moon's gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth's. But returning to the earth was very frightening.We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too，” I said. “Now I know much come on快点儿。常用于祈使句中以鼓励某人，意为“动手吧；快点儿；加油”。‎ step forward朝前走；迈步向前 twice as far as“……的两倍远”。倍数表示法：倍数(twice, three times ...)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as。‎ fall over跌倒；摔倒 动名词walking在此处作主语。does为助动词，加强语气，意为“确实”，其后跟动词原形。‎ now that既然(引导原因状语从句)‎ get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解 enjoy oneself尽情地玩；玩得高兴 break out 突发：爆发 exhaust/Iɡ'zɔːst/vt ‎ more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time？”“Of course，” he smiled, “which star would you like to go to？”‎ ‎.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽 exhausting adj.令人精疲力尽的 exhausted adj.感到精疲力尽的 exhaustion n．精疲力尽；用光，耗尽 know在此处相当于understand，意为“理解，明白”。　‎ ‎[第3～4段译文]‎ 我们到达月球时，我就想立即进行探测。“来吧，”我说，“要是你讲得对，我的重量就会比在地球上小，因为月球更小，而我就能更自由地活动了。如果我在月球上待的时间足够长的话，我甚至可能长得更高，我的体重肯定也会变得更轻！”我笑着从宇宙飞船的梯级上爬下来。但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个步幅相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路的确需要练一练了。”过了一会儿，我才掌握了走路的诀窍，我们这才开始感到自如了。‎ 摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样痛苦。但是返回到地球的经历却是非常吓人的。我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。当我们回到地面时，我们又(感到)被重重地推回在座位上。我说道：“真是精疲力尽了，但也很激动人心。关于引力，我现在就懂得更多了！你认为下次我们可以去别的星球上游览吗？”“当然可以，”他笑着说，“你想到哪颗星球上去呢？”‎ Step 1　True (T) or False (F)．‎ ‎1．The spaceship can't fall back to the earth because it is too far away from the earth.(　　)‎ ‎2．When I was on the moon I felt I was heavier than I am on the earth.(　　)‎ ‎3．At the very beginning，the author felt strongest of the gravity of the earth.(　　)‎ 答案：1.T　2.F　3.T Step 2　Read the text and choose the best answers.‎ ‎1．The passage mainly talks about________.‎ A．what the moon is B．my visit to the moon C．the differences between the earth and the moon D．Li Yanping, my friend, who is an astronaut ‎2．When we were going up, we felt________.‎ A．we were pressed against our seats B．we were lighter than we were on the earth C．as if we were flying D．the rocket was shaking strongly ‎3．Why can't the spaceship fall back to the earth?‎ A．Because the moon's gravity pulls it up.‎ B．Because it is too far away from the earth.‎ C．Because the earth has no gravity.‎ D．Because the spaceship is not very heavy.‎ ‎4．When I was on the moon I felt I was________than on the earth.‎ A．slower　　　　　　 B．heavier C．cleverer D．lighter 答案：1～4　BABD 一、这样记单词 记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.climate n．　　　　　　　气候 ‎ ‎2.pull n．&vt. 拉(力)，拖，牵引力 ‎3.float vi.&vt. (使)浮动，(使)漂浮 ‎ n. 漂浮物 ‎4.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落 ‎ ‎5.satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星 ‎6.gravity n. 万有引力；重力 ‎7.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船 ‎ Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.gentle adj.温和的；文雅的→gently adv.温和地 ‎2.physicist n．物理学家→physics n．物理学→physical adj.物理的；物理学的；体力的 ‎1.spaceship n．宇宙飞船 ‎ ‎[记法]　名词＋名词→名词 space(太空)＋ship (船)→spaceship (宇宙飞船 )‎ ‎[联想]　由spaceship想到的 ‎①web＋site→website(网址)‎ ‎②home＋work→homework(家庭作业)‎ ‎③air＋line→airline(航班)‎ ‎④basket＋ball→basketball(篮球)‎ ‎2.physicist n．物理学家 ‎[联想]　后缀ist名词荟萃 ‎①biologist 　　　　　　　生物学家 ‎②chemist 化学家 ‎③politician 政治家 ‎④geologist 地质学家 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.as_a_result　　　　　　结果 ‎1.make a trip　　　　　　　去旅行 ‎ ‎2．block_out 挡住(光线)‎ ‎3．cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎4．now_that 既然 ‎5．get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解 ‎6．break_out (战争、火灾、疾病等的)突发；爆发 ‎7．watch_out_for 密切注视；当心；提防 ‎2．in our spaceship 乘宇宙飞船 ‎3．the force of gravity 地心引力 ‎ ‎4．fall back to 落回到 ‎ ‎5．get close to 接近，靠近 ‎ ‎6．step forward 朝前走，迈步向前 ‎ ‎7．fall over 跌倒，摔倒 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's. ‎ 当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。 ‎ 原级比较的特殊句型：“as ＋adj. ＋a/an ＋n.＋ as”。‎ I hope you can give them encouragement to live as_rich_and_full_a_life_as you do. ‎ 我希望你能给予他们鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。‎ ‎2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.‎ 但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个步幅相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。‎ 倍数表达法之一：“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...”。‎ As we all know, cats sleep twice_as_much_as people. ‎ 众所周知，猫睡觉的时间比人长一倍。‎ ‎3.We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the 形容词作伴随状语，补充说明主语所处的状态。‎ After the long journey, the three of us went back home, ‎ ‎ spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.‎ 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。‎ hungry_and_tired. ‎ 长途旅行之后，我们三人回到了家，又饿又累。‎ ‎1．(教材P29)Other scientists believe that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance.‎ 其他科学家认为很久以前一颗彗星与地球相撞导致了(恐龙)灭绝。‎ crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落n.(汽车的)撞车事故；(飞机的)失事；撞击声 ‎ crash into/onto ...　　　　　 撞到……上/里 with a crash 轰隆一声 ‎①A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash.‎ 许多旅客在火车车祸中丧生了。‎ ‎②The car crashed into a big stone and burst into flames.‎ 汽车突然撞在一块大石头上并燃烧起来。‎ ‎③The tree fell with a great crash all of a sudden.‎ 突然，那棵树哗啦一声倒了下来。‎ ‎[语境串记]　He witnessed a serious train crash today. Two trains crashed into each other and let out a loud crash.‎ 今天他目睹了一起火车相撞事故。两列火车彼此撞在了一起，发出了很大的爆裂声。‎ ‎2．(教材P30)As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity.‎ 随着火箭升入太空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。‎ pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 ‎ pull off　　　　 脱(衣、帽等)‎ pull through 康复；完成；使渡过难关 pull in (火车)进站；(船)靠岸；驶向路边停靠 pull up 停车；停住 pull down 拆毁 ‎①Pull the chestnut out of fire.‎ ‎[谚语]火中取栗。‎ ‎②I didn't notice the train had already pulled in.‎ 我没有注意到火车已经进站了。‎ ‎③The driver pulled up at the gate of our school.‎ 司机把车停在我们校门口了。‎ ‎3．(教材P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.‎ 我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。‎ cheer (sb.) up 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎(1)cheer sb. on　　(赛跑比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油 ‎(2)cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的 cheering n. 欢呼，喝彩 adj. 令人振奋的，令人高兴的 cheers int. (用于祝酒)干杯；再见；谢谢 形象记忆 ‎①I tried to cheer her up by telling her the good news.‎ 我把这个好消息告诉了她，想使她高兴起来。‎ ‎②Friends will cheer you on when you are in trouble.‎ 朋友会在你有困难的时候鼓励你。‎ ‎③She is so cheerful (cheer) that everyone likes her.‎ 她是一个快乐的女孩，每个人都喜欢她。‎ ‎[语境串记]　The cheering news made the boy cheerful，which made his parents cheer up too.‎ 这个令人振奋的消息使得这个小男孩高兴起来，他的父母亲也感到高兴。‎ ‎4．(教材P31)“Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”‎ ‎“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路的确需要练一练了。”‎ now that 既然 ‎(1)now that在意思和用法上同since，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略。‎ ‎①Now that everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.‎ 既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。‎ ‎②Now_(that)/Since you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.‎ 既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：since, because, as, considering(that), in that等。‎ ‎(2)引导原因状语的短语：due to, thanks to, because of, as a result of, owing to, on account ‎ of等。‎ ‎③I've been lucky in_that I have never had to worry about money.‎ 我很幸运，从来不必为钱发愁。‎ ‎5．(教材P31)We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.‎ 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。‎ break out 突发；爆发 break away from　 脱离/挣脱……‎ break down 出故障；坏掉；失败；(健康等)垮掉 break in 插话；破门而入 break into 破门而入 break up 打碎；结束 ‎①After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was destroyed.‎ 实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁。‎ ‎②He broke into the Palace Museum and stole many famous paintings.‎ 他闯进故宫博物院偷走了许多著名的绘画作品。‎ ‎③Our plans have broken down,_so we have to start from the very beginning.‎ 我们的计划失败了，我们不得不从头再来。‎ ‎6．watch out (for)密切注视；当心；提防 watch over　　　　　　　 照看；看守 keep a watch (for ...) 守望(……)；注视(……)‎ ‎①Watch out for the haze; it may do great harm to us.‎ 当心这种雾霾天气，它可能对我们造成很大损害。‎ ‎②The police are_keeping_a_watch on his movement.‎ 警方正密切注视着他的动向。‎ ‎③She is watching over her sick child.‎ 她在照料自己生病的孩子。‎ ‎1．When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's.‎ 当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。‎ ‎(1)句中as strong a pull as the earth's属于“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”结构，意为“像……一样的……”，其中的名词必须是可数名词的单数形式，此结构用于否定句中可用“not so/as ...as ...”结构。‎ ‎①She is as good a teacher as her mother. ‎ 她和她妈妈一样是位好老师。‎ ‎(2)how, so, too也和as 一样用于上述的结构。即how/so/too＋adj.＋a/an ＋可数名词单数 ‎②You don't know how_difficult_a_problem this is.‎ 你不知道这是一道多么难的题。‎ ‎(2)as ...as结构的其他几种形式：‎ ‎•as＋ adj./adv.＋as ‎•as much＋ 不可数名词＋as ‎•as many＋可数名词复数＋as ‎③We've got food for as_many_people_as want it. ‎ 我们的食物，无论多少人吃都够了。‎ ‎2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.‎ 但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个步幅相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。‎ ‎(1)twice as far as ...属于“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...”结构，是一种倍数的表示方法。‎ ‎①This tree is three times as tall as that one.‎ 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。‎ ‎(2)倍数表达法的常见结构：‎ ‎ ... times ‎②This book is three_times_as_long_as/twice_longer_than/three_times_the_length_of_that_one.‎ 这本书是那本书篇幅的三倍。‎ ‎③The production of this year is twice that of last year.‎ 今年的产量是去年的两倍。‎ ‎④The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.‎ 现在的产量是十年前的三倍。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)两倍用twice或double，三倍及三倍以上用 ...times表达。‎ ‎(2)前面的倍数还可以是分数、百分数、小数等。‎ ‎(3)that/those of ...多用于产量、生产等方面的比较，that/those指代前面的同名异物名词。‎ Section_ⅤWriting—__解决问题型说明文_‎ 解决问题型说明文，就是针对某一问题提出具体的解决方法并进行适当论述，给读者提供知识，使之掌握解决问题的方法。‎ 一、基本结构 此类作文的篇章结构如下：‎ 第一部分：提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性；‎ 第二部分：列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；‎ 第三部分：针对提出的解决方法进行简要评价，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。‎ 二、增分佳句 A．问题：‎ ‎1．One of the biggest problems facing the world today is global warming.‎ 世界所面临的最大问题之一是全球变暖。‎ ‎2．As we all know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.‎ 众所周知，主要由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。‎ ‎3．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming.‎ 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。‎ ‎4．In order to avoid traffic jams, I strongly suggest some effective measures be taken.‎ 为避免交通拥堵，我强烈建议采取一些有效的措施。‎ B．解决方法：‎ ‎1．In the first place，I would also recommend a balanced diet.　‎ 首先，我也会推荐均衡饮食。‎ ‎2．We should work together to fight against pollution and make our environment safer and more comfortable to live in.‎ 我们应该一起努力同污染作斗争使我们的环境更安全更适宜居住。‎ ‎3．There is no denying the fact that it is a serious problem; the government should take strong measures to deal with it.‎ 无可否认，这是一个严重的问题，政府应该采取有力措施来解决它。‎ ‎4．The most important thing is that people should be made aware of the importance of environmental protection.‎ 最重要的是应让人们意识到保护环境的重要性。‎ C．结论：‎ ‎1．If we are more environmentally friendly, the earth's temperature may not rise too much.‎ 如果我们多善待环境，地球温度就可能不会上升那么快了。‎ ‎2．As far as I'm concerned, it's everyone's duty to protect the environment.‎ 依我看来，保护环境是我们每个人的责任。‎ ‎3．It's high time that we did something about it.‎ 是我们该做些事情的时候了。‎ ‎[题目要求]‎ 随着科学技术的发展，人类太空旅游将不再是遥远的梦想。假设你是李华，对太空探索极感兴趣，现在请写一篇英语短文，设想在今年暑假去太空旅游，如何克服失重条件下的吃饭和喝水的问题。‎ 第一步：审题构思很关键 一、审题 ‎ ‎1．确定体裁：本文为说明文；‎ ‎2．确定人称：本文的主要人称为第一人称；‎ ‎3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。‎ 二、构思 ‎1．开篇：提出失重条件下吃饭和喝水的问题。‎ ‎2．主体：分析和解决失重条件下吃饭和喝水的问题。‎ ‎3．总结：简要评论。 ‎ 第二步：核心词汇想周全 ‎1．gravity　　　　　　　重力 ‎2．float 飘浮 ‎3．prevent_...from_... 阻止……做……‎ ‎4．solve 解决 ‎5．try/have_a_try 尝试 ‎6．in_time 迟早；终于 第三步：由词扩句雏形现 ‎1．如果我去太空旅游，会有一个问题。‎ If I went to travel in space, there_would_be_a_problem. ‎ ‎2．我可能要面对一个问题。‎ I might be_faced_with a problem.‎ ‎3．在外太空，重力很弱。‎ In outer space, the_gravity_is_weak.‎ ‎4．食物会到处飘浮。‎ The food will_float_around/about.‎ ‎5．用这种方式，这个问题可以被解决。‎ The problem would be solved in_this_way.‎ 第四步：句式升级造亮点 ‎1．用定语从句连接句1和句2‎ If_I_went_to_travel_in_space,_there_would_be_a_problem_I_might_be_faced_with.‎ ‎2．用so ...that ...连接句3和句4‎ In_outer_space,__the_gravity_is_so_weak_that_the_food_will_float_around/about.‎ ‎3．用only倒装句改写句5 ‎ Only_in_this_way_would_the_problem_be_solved.‎ 第五步：过渡衔接联成篇 If I went to travel in space, there would be problem I might be faced with: how to eat and drink in outer space.‎ I would have to take all my foods with me if I went to space travel, but in outer space, the gravity is so weak that the food will float around if it is solid. I must make sure that it is specially made as liquid space food. It could be put in a tube and then I would be able to suck it more easily. Perhaps I would use a straw to eat it. It can prevent the food from floating away.Only in this way would the problem be solved.I might have a happy visit to space in that way. I will have a try in time.‎ Our geography teacher says the earth is only one of the planets of the giant solar system.Unlike other planets, life exists on the earth, but life's origin is still a puzzle.Different religions and cultures have separate ideas.The teacher says it may be divided into four stages.‎ The first stage is about how the universe began.A widely accepted theory can explain it.After the “Big Bang” broke out, atom began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.The second stage is how the earth formed.Between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago, clouds of dust floating in space settled into a solid globe.The earth became violent and it often exploded.The atmosphere and water appeared.Water is a fundamental matter for life to exist on the earth.It also dissolves harmful gases and acids.The third stage is about plants' and animals' appearance.At first, plants in the water appeared and multiplied.They produced oxygen, which encouraged animals in the water to exist.Later, green plants on the land caused animals on the land to appear.They first laid eggs and became babies.Later, mammals gave birth to babies directly.The last stage is that humans became the most important animals on the earth.We put too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to cause global warming.We must watch out how things will go and make laws to prevent the earth from becoming too hot.Now that we have taken measures, we will succeed in time.So let's cheer up and work together.‎ 我们的地理老师说地球只是广阔的太阳系中的一颗行星而已。不像其他的行星，地球上有生命存在，但生命的起源依旧是一个谜。不同的宗教和文化有各自的看法。老师说它可以被分为四个阶段。‎ 第一个阶段是关于宇宙是怎样诞生的。一个被普遍接受的理论可以解释它。“大爆炸”发生后，原子 开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。第二个阶段是地球是怎样形成的。大约在38～45亿年前，漂浮在太空中的尘埃形成一个固体的球状物。地球活动剧烈，而且经常爆炸。大气层和水出现了。在地球上水是生命存在的最基本的物质。它同时也溶解有害气体和酸。第三个阶段是关于植物和动物的出现。首先，水生植物出现并繁殖。他们产生氧气，这使水生动物存在。后来，陆生植物使陆生动物出现。它们首先产卵，然后成为幼仔。后来，哺乳动物直接生幼仔。最后一个阶段是人类成为地球上最重要的动物。我们把大量的二氧化碳释放到大气层里，导致了全球变暖。我们必须密切注意事情的进展，制定法律阻止地球变得太热。既然我们已采取措施，我们最终会成功的。因此让我们振作起来一起努力吧。‎ 加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练 Ⅰ.完形填空 I entered my office on the afternoon of December 20th and began to work.As the volunteer coordinator (协调人), I was __1__ for filling 2,500 volunteer positions in the month of December alone.‎ ‎__2__ the phone rang.The voice on the other end __3__ herself as Kimberly.She said she was __4__ to see if there were still any positions for her son Jake, who was expecting a(n) __5__ of coming to help.She explained what a __6__ it would be for Jake to have something to __7__ since he'd been diagnosed (诊断) with cancer.However, I __8__ having to tell him I could offer him very little __9__because there were no more positions.‎ After the phone call, I was deep in thought.Then, Mark, in charge of the pony (矮种马) rides, came in.In a(n) __10__ voice, he said, “__11__ I have to lift one more kid on one more horse, I may die.Jessica, I __12__ need another one with a strong back, even if it's just for a couple of hours.”‎ A smile lit up my face, and I said, “I think I __13__ a guy.”And a phone call later, Jake was scheduled to __14__Mark each night through the end of the event.‎ The next day, I made my way toward the pony rides.Jake __15__ with his back to me on the platform.Another volunteer waved at we, and Jake __16__. A moment later he __17__ me and smiled.‎ ‎“Jessica！” he said __18__. “Thank you for getting me this __19__.Mark says I'm doing a good job, and also my mom is __20__ of me！”Then Jake hugged me.I felt very happy!‎ 语篇解读：本文为记叙文。圣诞节前夕，作者为一个癌症患者安排了一次做志愿活动的机会，为此非常高兴。‎ ‎1．A.anxious　　　　　　 B．famous C．responsible D．suitable 解析：选C　根据“As the volunteer coordinator”可知，作者负责协调工作。‎ ‎2．A.Suddenly B．Fortunately C．Finally D．Slowly 解析：选A　作者在工作的时候，突然电话铃响了。‎ ‎3．A.considered B．viewed C．made D．introduced 解析：选D　根据生活常识可知，首次给不认识的人打电话当然需要先做自我介绍。‎ ‎4．A.coming B．calling C．running D．leaving 解析：选B　根据“the phone rang”可知，Kimberly是在打电话。‎ ‎5．A.ability B．opinion C．chance D．problem 解析：选C　根据最后一段可知，Kimberly的儿子Jake渴望得到参加志愿活动的机会。‎ ‎6．A.relief B．surprise C．failure D．question 解析：选A　Jake得了癌症，在家无事可做，如果他能获得一次参加志愿活动的机会，这将是一件令人欣慰的事。‎ ‎7．A.say B．donate C．need D．do 解析：选D　Jake得了癌症，在家无事可做，他很想找件事做。‎ ‎8．A.risked B．regretted C．forgot D．stopped 解析：选B　根据“because there were no more positions”可知，作者不得不遗憾地说他为Jake找不到任何事做。‎ ‎9．A.approval B．money C．work D．doubt 解析：选C　参见上题。‎ ‎10．A.tired B．happy C．calm D．sweet 解析：选A　根据“__11__ I have to lift one more kid on one more horse, I may die”可知，Mark很疲倦。‎ ‎11．A.Because B．As C．Though D．If 解析：选D　根据语境可知，该句意为：如果我再将一个小孩扶上马的话，我或许会累死。‎ ‎12．A.never B．really C．almost D．seldom 解析：选B　Mark的工作太累人，他确实还需要一名志愿者帮忙。‎ ‎13．A.require B．arrange C．know D．order 解析：选C　得知Mark需要志愿者，作者想到了Jake，所以他说：“我想我知道一个人可以帮忙。”‎ ‎14．A.help B．praise C．call D．instruct 解析：选A　根据下文语境“Jake __15__ with his back to me on the platform”可知，Jake是帮Mark做事。‎ ‎15．A.jumped B．lied C．slept D．sat 解析：选D　Jake背对着作者坐在平台上。‎ ‎16．A.turned up B．turned around C．turned off D．turned out 解析：选B　另一个志愿者向作者挥手时，Jake转过身来。‎ ‎17．A.recognized B．admired C．met D．accepted 解析：选A　过了一会儿，Jake认出了作者。‎ ‎18．A.patiently B．quietly C．excitedly D．coldly 解析：选C　根据Jake说话的内容可判断他非常激动。‎ ‎19．A.gift B．lesson C．friend D．job 解析：选D　Jake感谢作者给了他这次工作的机会。‎ ‎20．A.ashamed B．proud C．aware D．fond 解析：选B　根据“Mark says I'm doing a good job”及“and also”可推断出Jake的妈妈为他感到骄傲。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 Raising children has traditionally been a mother's role.People think that kids have to be with mothers mostly, but the modern sociology says when a father is not involved in life, it leads to problems. Children abandoned or ignored by their fathers do not succeed as well as children in ‎ families where both parents are involved.‎ At the River House in Maryland, a church community is running a program called the Men's Retreat with the purpose of helping men become better fathers.Here fathers can get parental advice.The program is also open to children who don't have fathers in their lives.For them, the program is an opportunity to interact (互动) with male role models.‎ Businessman Pavel says though the Men's Retreat may take up some of his time to earn money, it has been a good opportunity to spend quality time with his son.He has realized that for boys, Father is the first teacher.And the gathering is also a great chance to think about how to improve the relationship with his wife.‎ Program organizer Victor Visotski notes that the son is going along his father's path and learns from him.The father's role in a daughter's life is as important as that in his son's life.A father for a daughter is a hero and he is the first man she admires.It is important that the father creates a family atmosphere filled with love, because the daughter ‎ observes the behavior of her father closely.Mr.Visotski says a father must take his duties as a parent as seriously as his career.Setting aside quality time to spend with his child is a good start.‎ 语篇解读：本文为说明文。抚养孩子历来被认为是母亲的角色。但在生活中，父亲对孩子的影响也是非常重要的。马里兰州举行的“男人的静修”活动可以帮助男人更好地扮演父亲的角色。‎ ‎1．We can learn from the modern sociology that ________.‎ A．a father's role in children's life is important B．a father can teach children more than a mother C．raising children should be a father's responsibility D．children having no fathers are less likely to succeed 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第一段“...when a father is not involved in life, it leads to problems”可知，现代社会学指出，生活中缺少父亲这个角色会导致许多问题。由此可知，父亲在孩子成长过程中起着重要作用。‎ ‎2．Which of the following is TRUE about the Men's Retreat?‎ A．It is for kids who are abandoned.‎ B．It aims to help men relax after work.‎ C．Children are not allowed to attend it.‎ D．It shows men how to act as fathers well.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段“...with the purpose of helping men become better fathers”可知，“男人的静修”活动目的是帮助男人成为更好的父亲。‎ ‎3．What does Pavel think of the Men's Retreat?‎ A．It is a waste of time and money.‎ B．It can help him find a new job at school.‎ C．It is a good chance for family gathering.‎ D．It helps him become a good father and husband.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第三段可知，Pavel说尽管参加这个活动会占用一些赚钱的时间，但这是一个和儿子共度美好时光、思考如何改善夫妻关系的好机会。由此可知，他认为这个活动不但会使他成为一个好父亲，还会成为一个好丈夫。‎ ‎4．According to Victor Visotski, ________.‎ A．a father has little influence on his daughter B．a daughter usually looks down upon her father C．fathers must learn to balance parenting and work D．fathers should play the main role in raising children 解析：选C　细节理解题。由最后一段可知，Victor Visotski指出男人要像认真工作一样认真承担起做父亲的责任。‎ 加餐练(二)　第Ⅱ卷规范增分练 Ⅰ.语法填空 In 1982, July 1st was officially established as Canada Day. __1__ (variety) events are organized on this day, including parades, concerts, festivals and firework displays, __2__ attract Canadians of all ages across the country.‎ Canada Day is the year's biggest national party. Canada's national flag can be seen everywhere and many people have their faces __3__ (paint) red and white, which are Canada's ‎ national colors. The __4__ (celebrate) in Ottawa, Canada's capital city, are especially grand and exciting.‎ In Quebec, many people spend Canada Day __5__ (move) from one house to another. So in Quebec, Canada Day is also known __6__ Moving Day.‎ Many organizations, businesses and stores are closed on this day. Only some bookstores, hospitals and gas stations may be open. Post offices are closed, too. As Canada Day __7__ (fall) during the Canadian summer holidays, all schools are closed as well. In some areas, special services __8__ (provide) for large events.‎ The Canadians enjoy __9__ (they) to the full on this day. The only problem is __10__ the concerts, parades and festivals may cause traffic jams in some major cities.‎ 语篇解读：本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大国庆节。　‎ ‎1．Various　空格中所填单词在句中修饰名词events，需用variety的形容词形式。‎ ‎2．which　关系代词which指代先行词events，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。‎ ‎3．painted　“have their faces painted red and white”是have sth. done结构，其中“painted red and white”是过去分词短语作宾语补足语。‎ ‎4．celebrations　空格中所填单词在句中作主语，需用celebrate的名词形式；由于谓语动词是are，故用celebration的复数形式。‎ ‎5．moving　sb. spend time doing sth.表示“某人花时间做某事”。‎ ‎6．as　be known as ...是固定短语，意思是“被称为……”。‎ ‎7．falls　这里说的是一般性情况，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎8．are provided　主语services是谓语动词动作的承受者，谓语动词用被动语态；这里说的是经常性情况，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎9．themselves　enjoy oneself表示“玩得愉快”。‎ ‎10．that　that引导表语从句，that在句中起连接作用。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 Charles is my more unforgettable teacher. I am an average student in high school and wasn't ‎ interesting in studying. However, I was quite enthusiastic about performing plays. After Charles knew my interest, he encouraged us. He said that I had a gift for perform and suggested that I made good use of my talent. People usual do well in the things they like, and it is really true. Now I'm a professional actor. I succeeded because of Charles encouraged me a lot. I kept touch with him through letters and phone call until he died in 2003.‎ 答案：第一句：more→most 第二句：am→was; interesting→interested 第四句：us→me 第五句：perform→performing; made→make 第六句：usual→usually 第八句：去掉of 第九句：touch前加in; call→calls Ⅲ.书面表达 最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇100词左右的短文介绍讨论的情况。‎ ‎30%的同学认为 不值得探索 离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远 浪费金钱，这些金钱本可用来解决地球上的饥饿、污染等问题 ‎70%的同学认为 值得探索 卫星已用来进行通讯传播、天气预报，使我们的生活更方便了 有望解决地球能源短缺等问题 参考范文：‎ Recently, students in our class have had a discussion on whether space is worth exploring.‎ On the one hand, 30% of us think that space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life. And space exploration will waste a lot of money, which can be used to solve the problems such as starvation and pollution.‎ On the other hand, 70% think space is worthy to be explored. As we all know, satellites have been used for communication as well as weather forecast, which makes our life more convenient. Besides, if resources are found on other planets, the problem of energy shortages on our earth can be solved.‎