2019届一轮复习译林版选修八Unit2Theuniversallanguage单元学案设计（32页）

2019届一轮复习译林版选修八Unit2Theuniversallanguage单元学案设计（32页）

‎2019届一轮复习译林版选修八Unit2 The universal language单元学案设计 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．jazz n．　　　　　　 爵士乐 ‎2．string n. 弦；线，细绳；一串，一系列 ‎3．butterfly n. 蝴蝶 ‎4．awesome adj. 极好的；令人惊叹的，令人敬畏的 ‎5．stubborn adj. 固执的，顽固的 ‎6．*princess n. 公主 ‎7．*prince n. 王子 ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎8．*grab vt.　　　　　 (突然或用力)抓住，夺取，攫取 ‎9．dawn n. 黎明，拂晓；开端，萌芽 ‎10．grand adj. 宏大的，壮丽的，堂皇的，隆重的 ‎11．broken heart n. 破碎的心，哀恸 ‎12．*opportunity n. 机遇，时机 ‎13．personnel n. 人事部门；职员，全体人员 ‎14．department n. 部，司，局，处，系　　‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎15．personnel department n．　 人事部门 ‎16．chorus n. 合唱曲；合唱团 vt. 合唱；齐声说 ‎17．*sore adj. 疼痛的，酸痛的 ‎18．throat n. 咽喉，喉咙 ‎19．*composer n. 作曲者，作曲家 ‎20．motherland n. 祖国 ‎21．Austria n. 奥地利　‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎22．tutor n．　　 　　　　　 指导教师；家庭教师 ‎23．symphony n. 交响乐，交响曲 ‎24．bachelor n. 单身汉，未婚男子；学士 ‎25．*flute n. 长笛 ‎26．kindergarten n. 幼儿园 ‎27．folk adj. 民间的，民俗的 n. 人们；亲属(尤指父母)‎ ‎28．folk song n. 民歌，民谣　‎ ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎29．ballet n．　　　　　　　 芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞；芭蕾舞团 ‎30．*swan n. 天鹅 ‎31．album n. 音乐专辑；相册，影集 ‎32．the charts n. 每周流行唱片排行榜 ‎33．*blues n. 布鲁斯音乐，蓝调 ‎34．slavery n. 奴隶身份；奴隶制 ‎35．*trumpet n. 小号；喇叭　‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎36．liberty n．　　　　　 自由 ‎37．*rhythm n. 节奏，韵律；节律，有规则的变化 ‎38．*rhythm and blues n．(abbr. R&B)‎ ‎ 节奏布鲁斯，节奏蓝调 ‎39．*rattle vi.&vt. (使)发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音；使紧张或恐惧 ‎40．*comet n．　　　　　 彗星 ‎41．prejudice n. 偏见，成见 vt. 使怀有(或形成)偏见 ‎42．discrimination n. 歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第七屏听写]‎ ‎1．universal adj.　　 共同的，普遍的，全体的，全世界的 ‎2．cast vt.&vi.　 选派角色；投射(光、影)；向……投以(视线、笑容)‎ ‎3．condemn vt. 判刑，宣判；指责，谴责 ‎4．dare vt.&vi.&aux.　 敢于，胆敢 ‎5．disturbing adj. 令人不安的；引起恐慌的 ‎6．unwilling adj. 不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的 ‎7．seize vt. 逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占 ‎8．demand vt. 强烈要求；需要 n. 要求；需求 ‎[第八屏听写]‎ ‎9．evident adj.　　　 清楚的，显然的 ‎10．scold vt. 训斥，责骂 ‎11．merciful adj. 仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的 ‎12．deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期 ‎13．unite vi.&vt. 联合，团结；统一 ‎14．broken adj. 破损的，受伤的；中止了的；不连续的 ‎15．unemployment n. 失业 ‎16．collection n．　 作品集；收藏品；一批(人或物品)；取走 ‎[第九屏听写]‎ ‎17．chart n．　　　　　 图表；海图 vt. 记录；制订；绘制(地图)‎ ‎18．root n. 起源，起因；根，根茎 ‎19．tendency n. 倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向 ‎20．format n. 形式；格式；版式 ‎21．gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的 ‎22．decline n. 衰落，衰败；减少；下降 vi.&vt. 衰落；下降；婉言谢绝 ‎23．trend n. 趋势，动向 ‎24．band n. 乐队；一伙人；带子；条纹 ‎[第十屏听写]‎ ‎25．seek vt.&vi.　　 试图，设法；寻找，寻求 ‎26．scream vi. 尖叫，高声喊；呼啸 n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音 ‎27．be_condemned_to_something　 被处以某种刑罚 ‎28．ask_for_somebody's_hand_in_marriage　(向女方)求婚 ‎29．fall_in_love 相爱，坠入爱河 ‎30．at_first_sight 初次见面；乍一看 ‎31．spring_up 突然兴起，迅速出现 ‎32．break_up 破裂，解散；破碎 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 ‎ (一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识记单词写对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)‎ ‎1.stubborn adj.　固执的，顽固的 ‎2.dawn n. 黎明，拂晓；开端，萌芽 ‎3.opportunity n. 机遇，时机 ‎4.prejudice n. 偏见，成见 vt. 使怀有偏见 ‎5.discrimination n. 歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力 ‎6.liberty n．　　　自由 ‎7.awesome adj. 极好的；令人惊叹的，令人敬畏的 ‎8.personnel n．人事部门；职员，全体人员 ‎9.department n. 部，司，局，处，系 ‎10.composer n. 作曲者，作曲家 Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)‎ ‎1.scold vt.　　训斥，责骂 ‎2.deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期 ‎3.broken adj. 破损的；中止的；‎ 不连续的 ‎4.trend n. 趋势，动向 ‎5.scream vi. 尖叫，高声喊；呼啸 n.尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音 核心单词练通 ‎1.She demanded (要求) to know why she had not been told from the start.‎ ‎2.The article condemned (谴责) those officials who did one thing and said another.‎ ‎3.They are still seeking (试图) to find a peaceful solution to the conflict.‎ ‎4.Since he was stuck in a lift a year ago he hasn't dared(敢) to get back into one. ‎ ‎5.If children were made to feel inferior to other children, their confidence would decline (减弱). ‎ ‎6.Recent research has cast (投射) new light on the causes of the disease.‎ ‎7.Tyrion seized (抓住) her by the wrist and pulled her out of the pit.‎ ‎8.Money is thought to be the root (根) cause of all evils.‎ 拓展单词用活 ‎[记全记牢]‎ ‎1.universal adj.共同的，普遍的，全体的，全世界的→universe n．宇宙 ‎2.disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的→disturbed adj.心理不正常的；精神失常的→disturb vt.打扰；使中断；使焦虑 ‎3.unwilling adj.不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的→willing adj.自愿的→willingness ‎ ‎[用准用活]‎ ‎1.Thanks to the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually recovering from his lung operation.(gradual) ‎ ‎2.They were searching for evidence of his crime, and found it was evident that he had murdered the president.(evident)‎ ‎3.The disturbing news made people present at the meeting ‎ n．乐意 ‎4.evident adj.清楚的，显然的→evidence n．证据；证词 ‎5.merciful adj.仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的→mercy n．宽容，仁慈，怜悯 ‎6.unemployment n．失业→unemployed adj.失业的→employment n．雇佣，工作，职业→employ v．雇佣→employer n．雇主→employee n．雇员 ‎7.collection n．作品集；收藏品；一批(人或物品)；取走→collect vt.收集→collector n．收集者；收藏家 ‎8.tendency n．倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向→tend v．倾向；趋向 ‎9.gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 disturbed.(disturb)‎ ‎4.An increase in crime is one of the results of unemployment,_so the government and the employers should pay more attention to the employment.(employ)‎ ‎5.The old collector likes to collect some old paintings and his house is said to build up a fine art collection.(collect)‎ ‎6.Though he was willing to face the fact that he had failed the exam, he was unwilling to learn from others.(will)‎ ‎7.There is a growing tendency for people to return to the hometown to start their business. The middleaged tend to do that.(tend) ‎ ‎8.There are a huge number of unknown planets in the universe,_so these puzzles are very universal. But we believe we can make them clear one day.(universe)‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“指责，谴责”家族 ‎①scold　　　责骂，斥责 ‎②criticize 批评，指责 ‎③blame 指责，责备 ‎④accuse 谴责，指控 ‎⑤condemn 谴责，判刑 ‎2．“增加”“减少”对对碰 ‎①增加：rise, increase, accumulate, go up ‎②减少：fall, decrease, decline, go down ‎3.多途径“搜寻”‎ ‎①seek　　寻找，探寻 ‎②explore 探索，探究 ‎③track 跟踪；追踪 ‎④hunt 寻找；猎取 ‎4．“清楚，明显”一扫光 ‎①evident 显然的 ‎②obvious 极为明显的 ‎③apparent 显而易见的 ‎④clear 清楚明白的 ‎5.为何“大喊大叫”？‎ ‎①scream　　因恐惧、快乐等尖叫 ‎②cry 因恐惧、痛苦等喊叫 ‎③shout 高声喊叫 ‎④yell 因外界刺激尖叫 ‎⑤call 大声说话或喊叫 ‎(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 第一组 ‎1.be_condemned_to_sth.　　被处以某种刑罚 ‎2.find_out 发现，查明，弄清 ‎3.fall_in_love 相爱，坠入爱河 ‎4.at_first_sight 初次见面；乍一看 ‎5.break_up 破裂，解散；破碎 ‎6.come_close_to 接近，靠近 ‎　　Tom and Mary ①fell_in_love_with each other ②at_first_sight and in a short time they got married.But after they married, they found they differed entirely in character and quarrelled a lot. Eventually, they ③broke_up with each other.‎ 第二组 ‎1.spring_up　　突然兴起，迅速出现 ‎2.depend_on 依赖，依靠 ‎3.put_up 举起；张贴；提供食宿 ‎4.apply_for 申请 ‎5.split_up 分裂，分解 ‎6.try_out 实验；试用 ‎　　I ①applied_for the post in the advertisement ②put_up in the newspaper yesterday. Whether I can be admitted ③depends_on the interview to be held next Friday.So before that, I must get well prepared.‎ 第三组 ‎1.participate_in　　　　参加；参与 ‎2.have_a_tendency_for_... 有一种……倾向 ‎3.take_on 呈现；雇用；承担 ‎4.break_one's_promise 违背诺言 ‎5.serve_as 起……作用；用作……‎ ‎6.go_crazy 变得疯狂，发疯 ‎　　Tom said that he would ①participate_in the football match. But he ②broke_his_promise and didn't appear at all on that day.The result was that we suffered a disastrous defeat, which made us ③go_crazy. However, later we knew that he had had an accident. We were sorry that we misunderstood him.‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.sight短语集锦 ‎①at first sight　　初次见面；乍一看 ‎②at the sight of 看到 ‎③out of sight 看不到 ‎④in/within sight 在视野内 ‎⑤come into sight 出现 ‎⑥on sight 一看到，一看见 ‎2.“v.＋for”短语集合 ‎①apply for　　　　申请 ‎②long for 渴望 ‎③hope for 希望得到 ‎④wish for 希望得到 ‎⑤prepare for 为……作准备 ‎3.“go＋adj.”短语小结 ‎①go mad　　　发疯 ‎②go hungry 挨饿 ‎③go bad 变质 ‎④go wrong (机器等)发生故障 ‎⑤go crazy 变得疯狂，发疯 ‎⑥go deaf 变聋 ‎(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City — there could not be a more awesome setting！‎ 想象一下在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧——不可能有比这更棒的场景了！ ‎ ‎“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义。‎ 周围的稻田像一片金色的海洋，我从来没看见过比这更漂亮的景象！‎ The rice fields around me looked like a golden sea.I have_never_seen_more_beautiful_scenery_than_it!‎ ‎2.Unfortunately, Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene, and it had to be completed by one of his former students, Franco Alfano.‎ 不幸的是，普契尼还没写完最后一幕就因心脏病去世了，这一幕不得不由他以前的一名学生法兰高·阿法奴完成。‎ before引导时间状语从句，意为“还没来得及……就……；趁……；之后才……”等。‎ 要过一个小时左右我们才能到达山顶。(2017·6月浙江高考写作佳句) ‎ It will be an hour or so before_we_get_to the top of the mountain.‎ ‎3.Wherever the Beatles went, there was a phenomenon called ‘Beatlemania’ — thousands of fans would surround them, screaming and going crazy trying to see them.‎ wherever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论去(在)哪里”。此时，相当于no matter where。‎ 无论你选择去哪里旅行，你一定会体验到中国的传统文化。(2017·北京高考满分作文)‎ Wherever_you_choose_to_travel,_you are bound to experience the traditional Chinese culture.‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　Milu deer used to be common in China long ago. However, ‎ ‎1.①处用所给词的适当形式 the number of them ❶________ (be) on the decline and they disappeared in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.❷ ________ (lucky) , some were taken to Britain then. In 1985 China sought chances ❸________(bring) back the Milu deer. Their number has grown quickly.It is demanded that one day there should be enough animals to be left in the wild again.‎ 填空was。‎ ‎2.②处用所给词的适当形式填空Luckily。‎ ‎3.③处用所给词的适当形式填空to_bring。‎ ‎1．decline n．衰落，衰败；减少；下降vi. & vt.衰落；下降；婉言谢绝 ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中decline的词性和含义 ‎①We asked her to come to our party, but she declined. v．谢绝 ‎②There has been a sharp decline in profits this year.n.下降 ‎③His health has begun to decline because he is old.v.衰退 ‎④The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.v.下降 ‎[系统考点]‎ ‎(1)fall/go into (a) decline　　　　　 陷入衰退 in decline/on the decline 在衰退中，走下坡路 ‎(2)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事 ‎[练通重点]　‎ 单项填空 ‎⑤—Several hotels in this area are closing down.‎ ‎—That's because tourism itself ________ since last year.‎ A．is declining　　　　　　 B．declined C．had declined D．has been declining 解析：选D　根据“since last year“的提示可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，再结合四个选项可知应选D。‎ 完成句子 ‎⑥I didn't know why the boy declined_to_answer a question. ‎ 我不知道那个男孩为什么拒绝回答问题。‎ ‎⑦He is still one of the world's most popular golfers, but his skill is in_decline/on_the_decline.‎ 他仍是世界上最受欢迎的高尔夫球选手之一，但他的球技大不如前。‎ ‎⑧The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry fall/go_into_(a)_decline.‎ 来自海外的激烈竞争导致了国内棉花产业的衰退。‎ ‎2．seek (sought, sought) vt. & vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求 seek (for) sth./sb. from ...　　 从……寻找某物/某人 seek after 追求；追寻 seek to do sth. 试图做某事 seek one's fortune 找出路；碰运气 seek out 搜寻出；找出 ‎[题点全练]　介、副词填空/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①If you have any questions, you can seek help from your teammates.‎ ‎②Fortunately, the tourists sought out a shelter to escape from the unexpected shower.‎ ‎③The fact is that nowadays many young people are seeking their (they) fortune in big cities.‎ ‎④We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“寻找”的短语还有：look for, search for, hunt for等。‎ ‎3．demand vt.强烈要求；需要n.要求；需求 ‎(1)demand to do sth.　　　 要求做某事 ‎(sb.) demand that sb. (should) do sth.‎ ‎ (某人)要求某人做某事(that从句使用虚拟语气)‎ ‎(2)demand doing/to be done 需要被做 ‎(3)in demand 需求大；受欢迎的 on demand 一经要求 satisfy/meet the/one's demands　 满足(某人的)要求 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单项填空 ‎①The boss demanded that every one ________ the meeting ________ tomorrow.‎ A．to attend; to hold B．should attend; to hold C．attend; to be held D．attend; holding 解析：选C　第一个空考查虚拟语气，demand that从句中谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”形式；第二个空考查动词不定式作后置定语，to be held“即将被举行”，与tomorrow吻合。故答案选C。‎ 完成句子 ‎②First, science graduates are in_greater_demand than arts ones in China.‎ 首先，在中国，对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。‎ ‎③The manager promised that they would try to meet_their_customers'_demands.‎ 经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。‎ ‎[名师指津]　demand不能用于demand sb. to do sth.结构；“向某人要某物”不能用demand sb. sth.，要用demand sth. of/from sb.。‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　Last night I went to see Shaoxing opera. We would have had a good time ❶if_there_hadn't_been_an_unexpected_incident. On my way to the opera house, a thief broke up the glass of a car, ❷________(try) to steal money. He was seized by the owner before he succeeded. We were held up with many people around there.The thief begged the owner to forgive him but was refused. Soon the police came and took away the thief. ❸________ We missed a half of it. It could not be a more disturbing night.‎ ‎1.①处画线部分还可表达为but_for_an_unexpected_incident。‎ ‎2.②处用所给词的适当形式填空 trying。‎ ‎3.③处应填的句子为__C__。‎ A.When we arrived, the opera had been over.‎ B.We were very angry and went home without going to see the opera.‎ C.When we arrived, the opera had been on for half an hour.‎ ‎4．seize vt.逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占 seize sth. from ...　　　　　　 从……抓取/夺取某物 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会/机遇 seize sb. by the＋部位 抓住某人某物 ‎[题点全练]　完成句子 ‎①We must strive to seize_and_make_full_use_of_every_opportunity to improve ourselves. ‎ 我们必须努力抓住和充分利用生活中的每一个机会来提高自己。 ‎ ‎②Before the thief could run away, the brave girl seized_him_by_the_collar.‎ 在小偷逃跑之前，这个勇敢的女孩抓住了他的衣领。‎ ‎③He seized_the_letter_from my hand and began to read out loud.‎ 他从我手里夺过信开始大声读起来。‎ ‎[名师指津]　seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物时，可直接用被抓的部位作宾语，也可用“seize＋sb.＋by＋the＋部位”结构，但表示部位的名词前不可用物主代词。‎ ‎5．break up破裂；破碎，打碎；解散，驱散；拆开，分开；分手；结束；放假 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中break up的含义 ‎①The meeting didn't break up until deep at night.结束 ‎②Did you know that Kate broke up with her boyfriend？分手 ‎③The police came running and broke up the crowd.驱散 ‎④When does the school break up for the summer holidays？放假 ‎⑤When does the ice break up on the river？破裂 ‎⑥You can break up that old machine and sell some parts.拆开，分开 ‎6．before引导时间状语从句 ‎[教材原句]　Unfortunately, Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene, and it had to be completed by one of his former students, Franco Alfano.‎ 不幸的是，普契尼还没写完最后一幕就因心脏病去世了，这一幕不得不由他以前的一名学生法兰高·阿法奴完成。‎ before引导时间状语从句时的含义不同：‎ ‎(1)一般情况下before表示“在……之前”，但在翻译时，可灵活掌握，可译为“还未……就……”“不到……就……”“……才……”“趁……”等 (2)It will be ＋一段时间＋before ...“多久之后才……”‎ (3)It was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了多久才……”‎ ‎①—Why didn't you tell him the news?‎ ‎—He rushed out of the room before_I_could_say_a_word.‎ ‎——你为什么不把消息告诉他？‎ ‎——我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出了房间。‎ ‎②I must write it down before_I_forget_it.‎ 趁着我还没忘，我得把它记下来。‎ ‎③I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll_still_be_some_time_before Brian gets back.‎ 对不起，让你等了这么长时间，但是，布莱恩还要过一段时间才能回来。‎ ‎④It_was_three_days_before he made the decision to accept our suggestion.‎ 三天后他才作出决定接受我们的提议。‎ ‎7．“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级意义 ‎[教材原句]　Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City — there could_not_be_a_more awesome setting!‎ 想象一下在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧——不可能有比这更棒的场景了！‎ ‎(1)“否定词＋比较级”结构表示最高级意义，通常译为“没有比……更……的，没有像……一样……的”。常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。‎ ‎(2)表示最高级意义的常用比较级结构还有：‎ 比较级＋than＋ ‎①I_couldn't_have_enjoyed_myself_more — it was a perfect day.‎ 我玩得再开心不过了——这是完美的一天。‎ ‎②The book has a greater effect on me than any_other_book.‎ ‎③The book has a greater effect on me than all_the_other_books.‎ ‎④The book has a greater effect on me than any_of_the_other_books.‎ ‎⑤The book has a greater effect on me than the_rest_of_books.‎ 这本书对我影响最大。‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　Turandot is the story of a Chinese princess named Turandot ❶________ says whoever wants to marry her must solve three riddles. Those ❷________ can't answer three riddles will be condemned to death. Few men dare to try. Shortly afterwards, a prince, Calaf，❸________ falls in love with Turandot, answers the three questions and marries her. Many greatest opera singers have ever been cast in this opera.‎ ‎①②③处应填的关系词分别是who，who，who。‎ ‎8．condemn vt.判刑，宣判；指责，谴责 be condemned to sth.　　　　 被处以某种刑罚；使某人被迫接受困境 condemn sb. to death 判处某人死刑 condemn sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而谴责某人 condemn ... as ... 指责……为……‎ be condemned to do sth. 注定做某事 ‎[多角练透]‎ 介词填空 ‎①Phelps, the American swimmer was condemned to a six month suspension from swimming as a result of his DUI.‎ ‎②Most of people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil. ‎ 完成句子 ‎③He was_widely_condemned_for his cruel action towards elderly parents.‎ 他因对年迈父母的冷酷行为而受到普遍的谴责。‎ ‎④They condemned_him_to_death for killing his own wife. ‎ 他们因他杀害自己的妻子判处他死刑。‎ ‎9．dare vt. & vi. & aux.敢于，胆敢 ‎(1)dare用作实义动词时，有人称、数和时态的变化。‎ 常见搭配：dare to do sth.“敢于做某事”。 在否定句和疑问句中to可以省略。‎ ‎(2)dare用作情态动词时，通常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，没有人称和数的变化，后面跟动词原形，其否定式为dare not。‎ ‎(3)I dare say为习惯说法，意为“我想，很可能，大概”。‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①They dare not play (play) a joke on him in case he becomes angry. ‎ ‎②You're the only one who dares to_admit (admit) mistakes.‎ 完成句子 ‎③He daren't/doesn't_dare_(to) speak English before such a crowd.‎ 在这么多人面前他不敢说英语。‎ ‎④I_dare_say you're feeling tired after your journey. ‎ 我相信你旅行后一定感到累了。 ‎ ‎⑤—Dare he ask his boss for promotion?‎ ‎—Yes, he_dare./No, he_daren't.‎ ‎——他敢向他的老板请求升职吗？‎ ‎——是的，他敢。/不，他不敢。‎ ‎10．cast (cast, cast) vt. & vi.选派角色；投射(光、影)；向……投以(视线、笑容) n．全体演员 cast down　　　　　　　　　　　 使沮丧/失望 cast light on/upon 弄清楚，使人明白 cast a glance/look at/toward ... 朝……瞧了瞧 cast sb. as ... 选派某人演……角色 ‎[多角练透]‎ 介、副词填空 ‎①The circumstances were all against Joe, but he was not cast down. ‎ ‎②The director cast a wellknown actress as Marie Curie in the movie.‎ 完成句子 ‎③The information offered by the old man may help cast_light_on/upon the mystery.‎ 这位老人提供的信息可能有助于弄清这件神秘的事情。‎ ‎④She cast_a_quick_glance_at the notepad to see if there were any messages for her. ‎ 她很快的瞄了一下记事簿，看是否有留给她的口信。 ‎ ‎11．fall in love (with sb.)爱上(某人)，相爱，坠入爱河 fall in love with　“突然爱上”，表示动作，是短暂性动词短语，不与表示一段时间的状语连用；‎ be in love with　“爱/喜欢”，表示状态，是延续性动词短语，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。‎ ‎[题点全练]　完成句子 ‎①An unexpected discovery makes me deeply fall_in_love_with this place. ‎ 一次意外的发现，让我深深地爱上了这个地方。‎ ‎②I choose to live in the city because I have deep feelings for it and I am_in_love_with it. ‎ 我选择住在这座城市是因为我已深深地爱上它。 ‎ ‎③Annie was so attractive that Jimmy fell_in_love_with her the first time he saw her. Now they have_been_in_love_with each other for three years.‎ 安妮如此迷人以至于吉米第一次见她就爱上了她。现在他们已经相爱三年了。‎ ‎[单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The past 20 years has witnessed (见证) great changes in Tibet.‎ ‎2．The little girl dared (胆敢) not breathe a word of it to anybody.‎ ‎3．This piece of string (线；细绳) is too short to pack up the luggage, and let me join another piece on to it.‎ ‎4．They sought (寻找) out a shady spot where they might sit down and rest. ‎ ‎5．It is reported that the trend (趋势) of the housing price is still upwards.‎ ‎6．If children were made to feel inferior to other children, their confidence would decline (减弱)．‎ ‎7．The opportunities (机会) available will depend on your previous work experience and qualifications.‎ ‎8．I hope you can submit your term papers before the deadline (最后期限)．‎ ‎9．When scolded (责备) by his father, the boy always keeps silent.‎ ‎10．The economy is in the upswing, which makes hightech services in more demand (需求) too.‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎1．According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to ________ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.‎ A．differ　　　　　　　　 B．shrink C．fail D．decline 解析：选D　句意：据科学家说，我们的思维能力在22岁达到顶峰后，从27岁开始下降。‎ decline“下降”，符合句意。differ“与……不同”； shrink“收缩”； fail“失败”。‎ ‎2．(2018·徐州模拟)At the conference, the chairman demanded that people present ________ every effort to protect the polar bear against dying out.‎ A．made B．would make C．to make D．make 解析：选D　句意：会上主席要求参加会议的人都要努力保护北极熊，以免其灭绝。demand“要求”，后接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ ‎3．It was several minutes ________ we realized what was happening — our dog was trapped in a newlydug tunnel.‎ A．since B．before C．until D．while 解析：选B　句意：过了好几分钟我们才意识到发生了什么事——我们的狗被困在一个新挖的隧道内了。“It was＋时间段＋before＋从句”是固定句型，意为“过了多长时间才……”，从句用一般过去时。‎ ‎4．The shy girl ________ dance before so many strangers, ________ she?‎ A．daren't; does B．daren't; dare C．doesn't dare; dare D．dare not; dares 解析：选B　句意：这个害羞的女孩不敢在这么多陌生人面前跳舞，是吗？dance为动词原形，可考虑dare为情态动词或在doesn't dare to do中省略to。若为后者，第二个空白处应为助动词does，因此排除C项，故选B项。‎ ‎5．Mike ________ with Tanet for over one year before they got married.‎ A．had fallen in love B．had been in love C．has fallen in love D．has been in love 解析：选B　句意：迈克和珍妮特在结婚前已相爱一年多了。由从句中的got可知主句时态应用过去完成时。fall in love表示瞬间动作，不与表示时间段的时间状语连用； be in love表示状态，可与表示时间段的时间状语连用。故选B项。‎ ‎6．It is not until we have developed the better qualities in ourselves ________ we can expect to find them in others.‎ A．when B．where C．that D．whether 解析：选C　句意：直到我们自己培养了良好的素质，我们才可以期望在别人身上找到它们(良好的素质)。强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。当去掉it is/was和that/who时，句子成分齐全。分析句意及句子结构可知，此处为强调句型。故选C。‎ ‎7．(2018·连云港质检)With the development of the central and western China, more and more ‎ cities have ________ in what was a wasteland ten years ago.‎ A．built up B．sprung up C．grown up D．risen up 解析：选B　句意：随着中国中西部地区的发展，十年前的废弃土地上涌现出了越来越多的城市。spring up“涌现”，符合句意。build up“建立，增进”；grow up“成长”；rise up“起义”。‎ ‎8．The new system needs to be in operation for five months ________ it can be updated.‎ A．as B．while C．before D．once 解析：选C　 before的基本含义是“在……之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就……”、“趁……就”等。这里before用于肯定句中，强调主句动作所用时间长或花费的精力大，译成“才”。‎ ‎9．I was telling them about my exciting travels, when he ________ with a story of his own.‎ A．broke down B．broke off C．broke in D．broke up 解析：选C　句意：我正在给大家讲我的惊险旅行时，他突然插入讲述他自己的经历。break in“插入”，相当于cut in，符合句意。break down“分解；破碎”；break off“折断”；break up“分离，分开”。 ‎ ‎10．George ________ the good chance to present his proposal to the director, and at last, it was adopted.‎ A．realized B．seized ‎ C．delivered D．released 解析：选B　句意：乔治抓住了向导演提出他的建议的好机会，最后，他的建议被采纳了。seize a chance “抓住机会”，符合句意。realize“意识到”；deliver“寄送；发表；接生”；release“释放；发行”。‎ Ⅲ.翻译句子 ‎1．无论走到哪里他都能适应新环境。(wherever引导让步状语从句)‎ Wherever_he_goes,_he_can_adapt_himself_to_new_circumstances.‎ ‎2．这是我过的最糟糕的一天。(否定词＋比较级)‎ I've_never_spent_a_worse_day.‎ ‎3．我需要很长时间才能读完这本小说。(before引导时间状语从句)‎ It_will_be_a_long_time_before_I_finish_reading_the_novel.‎ ‎4．她拒绝和她的朋友一起去吃午餐，说她感觉身体不舒服。(decline to do sth.)‎ She_declined_to_have_lunch_with_her_friend,_saying_that_she_wasn't_feeling__well.‎ ‎5．我们应抓住机会努力工作实现我们的目标。(seize the opportunity)‎ We_should_seize_the_opportunity_to_work_hard_to_achieve_our_goal.‎ Ⅳ.课文段落大意概括 阅读本单元Reading部分，试着以约30个词概括第一、二段(P18，L1－12)总的段落大意。‎ Turandot, a worldfamous opera in which outstanding opera singers and musicians participated, was performed in a splendid way in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China. The awesome setting was beyond everyone's imagination.‎ ‎[高考提能训练] ‎ 检测评价A卷 Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．(2018·南通、泰州模拟)The computer program of the 1950s was unable to ________ between letters and numbers.‎ A．discriminate　　　　　　 B．conclude C．negotiate D．compensate 解析：选A　句意：20世纪50年代的电脑无法区分字母和数字。discriminate“歧视，区别，辨别”，符合句意。conclude“推断，决定，作结论”；negotiate“谈判，商议”；compensate“补偿，赔偿”。‎ ‎2．(2018·苏锡常镇模拟)—Sharon，why is the man so upset now!‎ ‎—His wallet, mobile phone and ID card ________， the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.‎ A．was stolen B．stolen C．being stolen D．having stolen 解析：选B　答句句意：他的钱包、手机、身份证被偷了，警察正在调查并会把他送到社会救助站。句中are investigating and will send为谓语，故此处选非谓语动词；非谓语动词steal与逻辑主语wallet, mobile phone and ID card 之间为被动关系。故选B。‎ ‎3．—How do you find Johnson's last party?‎ ‎—Well, it couldn't have been ________. In fact, I won't go to his party next time.‎ A．any better　　　　　　　 B．any worse C．so bad D．the best 解析：选B　句意：“你觉得上次约翰逊的聚会如何？”“哦，实在糟糕透了。说实在的，我下次再也不去他的聚会了。”从句意上分析，这里存在着“隐性比较”，表示“没有比这更糟糕的了”，故用比较级和否定词连用来表示最高级意义。‎ ‎4．It's no good ________ him.He is always indifferent to others' matters.‎ A．to turn to B．turning to C．turn to D．turned to 解析：选B　句意：向他求助没有用，他对别人的事总是漠不关心。It's no good doing sth.是常见句型，意为“做……没用”，it 为形式主语，动名词短语为真正的主语。‎ ‎5．—Do you like your present job?‎ ‎—________ Actually I am considering looking for a new one.‎ A．Not exactly. B．How come?‎ C．Not really. D．What if?‎ 解析：选C　 答话人准备换工作，说明他不太喜欢自己现在的工作，故用Not really，表示否定，意为“不怎么喜欢”。A项表示“不完全如此”；B项表示“怎么回事”；D项表示“如果……将会怎么样”。 ‎ ‎6．(2018·常州考前信息卷)The government needs to ________ the interests of different groups of people to avoid conflicts and see to it that people live safe and happy lives.‎ A．seek B．balance C．identify D．combine 解析：选B　句意：政府需要平衡不同群体的利益以避免冲突，确保人们过上安定幸福的生活。balance“使平衡”，符合句意。seek“寻求”；identify“确定，识别”；combine“使联合，使结合”。‎ ‎7．It was several minutes ________ we realized what was happening — our dog was trapped in a newlydug tunnel.‎ A．since B．before C．until D．while 解析：选B　句意：过了好几分钟我们才意识到发生了什么事——我们的狗被困在一个新挖的隧道里了。“It was＋时间段＋before＋从句”是固定句型，意为“过了多长时间才……”，从句用一般过去时。‎ ‎8．(2018·扬州模拟) His injuries were severe. Five minutes late, ________ he would have died.‎ A．but B．or C．so D．and 解析：选D　句意：他的伤很严重，如果再晚五分钟，他就会死掉。“祈使句＋and/or＋简单句”结构中的祈使句表示条件，简单句表示结果。此处祈使句被名词短语five minutes late替代。根据句意可知用and。‎ ‎9．Some of the tourists were ________ on a deserted island because of a heavy storm a month ago.‎ A．cast away B．cast down C．thrown off D．thrown out 解析：选A　句意：一个月前，由于一场暴风雨，一些游客被遗弃在了荒岛上。cast away“‎ 抛弃；使漂流”，常用于被动语态。cast down“丢下；使沮丧”； throw off“摆脱”； throw out“扔掉”。‎ ‎10．It was a(n) ________ remark during the interview.I didn't mean to hurt her feelings.‎ A．formal B．innocent C．awesome D．immediate 解析：选B　句意：在采访中，这是一句无伤大雅的话。我不是有意伤害她的感情。innocent “天真的；无辜的”，符合句意。formal“正式的”； awesome“令人畏惧的”；immediate“立刻的”。‎ ‎11．(2018·江苏常熟高三质检)Li Mingyang, who________as the main center on the Chinese Women's Basketball Team for two years, is now a member of a Japanese basketball club, which is considered shameful by many Chinese. ‎ A．has served B．had served C．served D．was serving 解析：选C　句意：李明阳，担任了两年的中国女子篮球队的主力中锋，现在是日本的一个篮球俱乐部的成员，这被很多中国人认为是可耻的。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，说的是过去的事情，所以要用一般过去时，故选C。‎ ‎12．(2018·江苏常熟高三质检)There are certain historic occasions________ are likely to remind people of what happened in the past and set people reflecting on them. ‎ A．when B．that C．where D．what 解析：选B　句意：有些历史性的场合很可能提醒人们过去发生的事情，并引起人们对它们的反思。空处引导定语从句，先行词是occasions(场合)，是指事物，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that；而when和where是关系副词，what不引导定语从句，故选B。‎ ‎13．(2018·苏锡常镇模拟)Nowadays mobile Internet devices are pushing up demands for online education, which makes people see it as one of the most ________ new market.‎ A．demanding B．confidential C．promising D．controversial 解析：选C　句意：如今，移动互联网设备正促进着网络教育的需求，人们视之为最有前途的新兴市场之一。demanding“要求高的”；confidential“机密的”；promising“有希望的，有前途的”；controversial“有争议的”。由句意可知选C。‎ ‎14．(2018·徐州高三联考)________ you choose to settle down, you should attempt to fit in with the local people.‎ A．Whatever B．Whichever C．However D．Wherever 解析：选D　句意：无论你选择在哪里定居，你都应该尝试做到入乡随俗。根据句意可知，应选择D。‎ ‎15．—We shouldn't have ________ against women.‎ ‎—I couldn't agree more. Women can do as well as men in many fields.‎ A．consideration B．comprehension C．prejudice D．commitment 解析：选C　句意：“我们不应该对女性有偏见。”“我完全赞成。在很多领域女性可以和男性做得一样好。”prejudice“偏见”，符合句意。consideration“考虑”；comprehension“理解”；commitment“承诺”。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018·苏州模拟)Middle school students today may behave surprisingly. Are you often __1__ of them?‎ My daughter (12 years old, 7th grade) is on the crosscountry team at her middle school. As with any __2__， the crosscountry team has its “stars” as well as its less __3__ athletes. Ethan, Michael (8th grade) and Kenji (7th grade) are the __4__ runners for the boys. Yesterday was the first track meet of the season, and when she got home, my daughter told me a story that made me __5__.‎ According to my daughter, one of the new 6th graders is a boy named Albert. He is apparently “a little short and __6__” and has never played any __7__ races before. The 6th graders ran last, three laps (圈) around the school. __8__ in the race, Albert was dead last. All of the other racers were __9__ the race when he was just at the end of his second lap. Albert thought he was __10__ near the end. But quickly the poor kid realized that he had another whole lap left to run. He broke down and started __11__.‎ When Ethan, Michael and Kenji saw Albert in a __12__ mood in the middle of the field, they didn't even __13__. All three of them immediately went out on the field to run Albert's last lap __14__ him. Everyone knew that was __15__ the rules in cross country, yet they all remained __16__. Both other teams hung around and waited for Albert to finish. When he managed to __17__ the finish line, all three graders cheered for him.‎ After my daughter told me this sweet story I said, “I hope Albert doesn't __18__ the team after this.” She replied, “No! He'll get better; he just needs some __19__.” ‎ And that is why I __20__ middle school children.‎ 语篇解读：作者的女儿是一名校越野队的队员，她向人讲述了一个令人感动的故事。‎ ‎1．A.tired　　　　　　　　 B．proud C．ashamed D．nervous 解析：选B　句意：如今的中学生可能在行为上表现得令人惊讶。你常常为他们感到自豪吗？proud意为“骄傲的，自豪的”；tired意为“疲劳的，厌倦的”；ashamed意为“‎ 羞耻的，惭愧的”；nervous意为“紧张的，焦虑的”。‎ ‎2．A.entertainment B．competition C．sport D．course 解析：选C　根据上文的“the crosscountry team”可知，和任何体育运动一样，越野队有明星队员以及不那么有天赋的运动员。sport意为“体育运动”；entertainment意为“娱乐，消遣”；competition意为“比赛，竞争”；course意为“课程，进程”。‎ ‎3．A.gifted B．committed C．ambitious D．confident 解析：选A　根据上文的“stars”可知，越野队也有不那么有天赋的运动员。gifted意为“有天赋的，有才华的”；committed意为“忠诚的，奉献的”；ambitious意为“有雄心的，有抱负的”；confident意为“有信心的，坚信的”。‎ ‎4．A.energetic B．clumsy C．top D．lazy 解析：选C　根据上文的“stars”可知，伊桑、迈克尔(八年级)和建治(七年级)是男生中最优秀的赛跑运动员。top意为“最优秀的，一流的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的，充满活力的”；clumsy意为“笨拙的，不灵活的”；lazy意为“懒惰的，懒散的”。‎ ‎5．A.moved B．relaxed C．confused D．embarrassed 解析：选A　根据倒数第二段的“After my daughter told me this sweet story”可知，昨天是本赛季的第一次田径比赛，当作者的女儿到家时，她向作者讲述了一个令作者感动的故事。moved意为“受感动的”；relaxed意为“放松的，自在的”；confused意为“糊涂的，困惑的”；embarrassed意为“尴尬的，难堪的”。‎ ‎6．A.athletic B．outgoing C．earnest D．stout 解析：选D　根据下文的“Albert was dead last”可知，显然艾伯特的个子有点矮小而且肥胖。stout意为“肥胖的，肥壮的，结实的”；athletic意为“运动的，身体健壮的”；outgoing意为“开朗的，外向的”；earnest意为“真诚的，诚挚的”。‎ ‎7．A.ignored B．organized C．sponsored D．approved 解析：选B　根据上文的“Yesterday was the first track meet of the season”可知，他以前从未参加过有组织的比赛。organized 意为“有组织的，系统的，有条理的”；ignored意为“被忽视的”；sponsored意为“赞助的，发起的”；approved意为“经批准的，被认可的”。‎ ‎8．A.Early B．Finally C．Exactly D．Surprisingly 解析：选A　句意：比赛一开始，艾伯特就完全是最后一名了。early意为“早期地，初期地”；finally意为“最终，最后”；exactly意为“精确地，确切地”；surprisingly意为“令人吃惊地，出人意外地”。‎ ‎9．A.undergoing B．enjoying C．continuing D．finishing 解析：选D　句意：当他刚刚跑完第二圈时其他运动员都快要完成比赛了。finish意为“结束，完成”；undergo意为“经历，遭受”； enjoy意为“享受，喜爱”；continue意为“继续，持续”。‎ ‎10．A.even B．also C．merely D．hardly 解析：选B　句意：艾伯特以为他也快要完成比赛了。also意为“也，还，同样”；even意为“甚至”；merely意为“仅仅，只不过”；hardly意为“几乎不”。‎ ‎11．A.rushing B．complaining C．hesitating D．crying 解析：选D　句意：但是这个可怜的孩子很快意识到他还剩下一整圈要跑。他感情失控并且开始哭了起来。cry意为“哭，叫喊”；rush意为“猛冲，快速前进”；complain意为“抱怨，投诉”；hesitate意为“犹豫，踌躇”。‎ ‎12．A.black B．relaxed C．strange D．cheerful 解析：选A　句意：伊桑、迈克尔和建治看到艾伯特情绪低落地站在运动场中央。black意为“沮丧的，低落的，忧郁的”；relaxed意为“轻松的，自在的”；strange意为“奇怪的，陌生的”；cheerful意为“欢快的，高兴的”。‎ ‎13．A.rest B．pause C．confirm D．arrange 解析：选B　根据下文的“All three of them immediately went out on the field”可知，他们甚至没有犹豫。pause意为“犹豫，停顿”；rest意为“休息，放松”；confirm意为“证实，确认”；arrange意为“安排，准备”。‎ ‎14．A.for B．behind C．with D．past 解析：选C　根据下文的“waited for Albert to finish”可知，他们三人立刻走到运动场上和艾伯特一起跑最后一圈。with意为“和……一起”；for意为“为了”；behind意为“在……之后”；past意为“超过”。‎ ‎15．A.within B．outside C．under D．against 解析：选D　句意：每个人都知道在越野赛中那是违反规则的。against意为“违反，反对”；within意为“在……内部”；outside意为“在……外面”；under意为“在……下面”。‎ ‎16．A.guilty B．blank C．silent D．worried 解析：选C　句意：但是他们都保持沉默。silent意为“沉默的，无声的”；guilty意为“内疚的，有罪的”；blank意为“空白的，茫然的”；worried意为“担心的，焦虑的”。‎ ‎17．A.approach B．touch C．break D．cross 解析：选D　句意：当他成功地冲过终点线，三个年级的学生都为他欢呼。cross意为“穿越，越过”；approach意为“接近，靠近”；touch意为“触摸，接触”；break意为“打破，摔碎”。‎ ‎18．A.join B．hate C．quit D．pick 解析：选C　句意：我希望艾伯特在这之后不要退出越野队。quit意为“退出，放弃，离开”；join意为“加入，连接”；hate意为“仇恨，讨厌”；pick意为“采，摘，挑选”。‎ ‎19．A.help B．strength C．confidence D．challenge 解析：选A　句意：不会的！他会变得更好，他只是需要一些帮助。help意为“帮助”；strength意为“力量；优点”；confidence意为“信心”；challenge意为“挑战”。‎ ‎20．A.award B．love C．teach D．support 解析：选B　句意：那就是我喜欢中学生的原因。love意为“喜爱，疼爱”；award意为“授予，颁发”；teach意为“教，教会”；support意为“支持，赞同”。‎ Ⅲ.任务型阅读 While feelings of disgust can increase behaviors such as lying and cheating, cleanliness can help people return to ethical behavior, according to a recent study by marketing experts at Rice University, Pennsylvania State University and Arizona State University. The study highlights the powerful impact emotions have on individual decisionmaking.‎ As an emotion, disgust is designed as a protection. When people feel disgusted, they tend to remove themselves from a situation. The instinct is to protect oneself. People become focused on “self” and they're less likely to think about other people. Small cheating starts to occur: If I'm disgusted and more focused on myself and I need to lie a little bit to gain a small advantage, I'll do that. That's the underlying mechanism.‎ In turn, the researchers found that cleansing behaviors actually keep the selfserving effects of disgust to a minimum. If you can make people think of cleaning products, the likelihood of ‎ cheating also goes away. People don't know it, but these small emotions are constantly affecting them.‎ The researchers conducted three randomized experiments causing disgust through various means. The study involved 600 participants around the United States; both genders were equally represented. In one experiment, participants evaluated consumer products such as antidiarrheal medicine (止泻药)，and diapers (尿布). In another, participants wrote essays about their most disgusting memory. In the third, participants watched a disgusting toilet scene from the movie Trainspotting. Once effectively disgusted, participants were willing to lie and cheat for financial gain.‎ In another set of experiments, after falling into the state of disgust on participants, the researchers then had them evaluate cleansing products, such as household cleaners and body washes. Those who evaluated the cleansing products did not engage in deceptive behaviors any more than those in the neutral emotion condition.‎ At the basic level, if you have environments that are cleaner, people should be less likely to feel disgusted. If there is less likelihood to feel disgusted, there will be a lower likelihood that people need to be selffocused and there will be a higher likelihood for people to cooperate with each other.‎ The deeper meaning of the study's findings is that these powerful emotions can be caused by a variety of small things when people are reading the newspaper or listening to the radio. What we found is that unless you ask people, they often don't know they're feeling disgusted. The question is how to make people more selfaware and more thoughtful about the decisionmaking process.‎ 答案：1.impact(s)/influence(s)/effect(s)　2.others ‎3．purpose/intention　4.reduce/minimize　5.tendency ‎6．willing/ready/likely　7.behaviors　8.meanings ‎9．cooperation　10.various 检测评价B卷 阅读理解 A ‎(2018·江苏省六市联考)What do you always do to make your community a better place to live? How has volunteering changed you and the way you view the world and people around you? Write a short essay describing your experiences and be recognized for all that you do.‎ Prizes ‎*Each year at least two teens are honored for their outstanding service to their community.‎ ‎*Contest winners receive ＄100 for their favorite charity and a copy of the magazine where their winning essays are published.‎ ‎*Contest winners will have the opportunity to choose from a list of beautiful and wonderful gifts provided by the magazine Teen Ink. No medals will be given to the winners.‎ Guidelines Share your own moving experience. Tell us about someone special you meet through volunteer work. Describe what you do and why it's important to you.‎ ‎*Essays should be between 150 and 1,000 words.‎ ‎*Teen Ink will only consider original essays written by teens.‎ ‎*Give examples and remember to use as much detail as possible.‎ ‎*Post your essays on our website. All community servicerelated pieces submitted to Teen Ink are considered for the contest.‎ For more suggestions on how to write a winning essay, see our Community Service Writing Tips.‎ Deadlines There are no deadlines for this contest. Your essays are considered for publication in Teen Ink magazine and online throughout the year.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是一个以“为社区做志愿服务”为主题的面向青少年的写作比赛。‎ ‎1．Which requirement should participants meet if they want to take part in the contest?‎ A．Having volunteered in their community before.‎ B．Having published an essay in Teen Ink before.‎ C．Submitting their final essays before the deadline.‎ D．Offering useful advice on volunteer work in their essays.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文中的“Write a short essay describing your experiences and be recognized for all that you do”“Share your own moving experience ... it's important to you”等相关信息可知，该写作比赛的写作规则之一是要描述自己在社区做志愿者的经历，故参与该比赛的人必须亲身参加过社区的志愿者活动，故选A项。‎ ‎2．What is the author's writing purpose of this passage?‎ A．To briefly introduce a special award.‎ B．To take in more community volunteers.‎ C．To attract people to a writing contest.‎ D．To protect the community environment.‎ 解析：选C　作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是一个同社区志愿者活动相关的写作比赛；再结合第一段中的“Write a short essay describing your experiences and be recognized for all that you do”可知，作者写作本文的目的是吸引青少年前来参加这一写作比赛，故选C项。‎ B Food waste has been a chronic (习惯性的) problem for restaurants and grocery stores — with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled (拖) hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger drag on the bottom line.‎ Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems, making food in smaller packages or trying to compost (将……制成堆肥) and cut down on trashhauling costs.‎ ‎“We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of kitchen, and the elephant is this ‘It's okay to waste’ belief system，” said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath, a company that helps restaurants cut back food waste.‎ The interest in cutting food waste “has just rocketed in the last six to nine months，” he said.‎ Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste, costing some ＄48 billion ‎ annually, according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8 percent this year, the biggest jump in decades, according to the National Restaurant Association.‎ Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when the two of the campus' biggest dining halls to find there were no trays.‎ ‎“You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink, but it's not that different，” said Caitlin Mewborn, a freshman. “It's not a big trouble. You take less food, and you don't eat more than you should.”‎ Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the dining halls, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech's sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.‎ 语篇解读：食品浪费已经成为一个长期的问题。文章以弗吉尼亚理工大学的校园餐厅取消提供托盘为例，讲述了餐馆、大学、医院以及其他机构正在以新的方式来减少食品浪费，从而弥补不断攀升的废弃食品处理成本。‎ ‎3．High price of products makes the problem of food waste ________.　‎ A．less challenging　　　　 B．more unbelievable C．less noticeable D．more unsolvable 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，产品的高价使得食品浪费问题更无法解决。故选项D符合题意。drag意为“累赘，拖累，绊脚石”。‎ ‎4．What does Caitlin Mewborn most probably think about the fact that no trays are provided in the campus' dining halls?‎ A．It doesn't help cut food waste much.‎ B．It causes much trouble for students.‎ C．It isn't wellreceived by the freshmen.‎ D．It is efficient for cutting food waste.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第七段最后一句可知，凯特琳·缪伯恩对于校园餐厅不提供托盘的看法是，取的食物少了，吃下去的食物也就不会超过自己的胃口，这对于减少食品浪费是有效的。故选项D正确。‎ ‎5．The author mentions Virginia Tech as an example to support the idea that ________.‎ A．food waste has been a longlasting chronic problem B．novel ways are being applied to cutting food waste C．colleges are truly the biggest source of food waste D．the “It's okay to waste” belief system is influential 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句和最后一段第一句可知，作者以弗吉尼亚理工大学为例是为了表明，大学、医院以及其他机构正在用新的方式来减少食品浪费。故选项B符合题意。‎ C ‎(2018·镇江模拟)Everybody seeks happiness in the world. We will be really happy when we get a new car or a big house or get married ... The thing is, if we are continually searching for happiness in the outside world, we will be very disappointed. It seems as if we are forever chasing it and it is always just one step away.‎ Happiness is a short state of mind, just like the state of sadness or joy or anger. It would not be possible for us to be in a happy state 24 hours a day. If you think that sounds laughable, think about being at a funeral when everyone is mourning. Would it feel right to go about with a huge smile on your face?‎ What we go through in our lives helps us grow and understand the value of happiness. We need to be able to respond in all manner of ways according to what we are dealing with at any given time. All emotions and states are part of the life.‎ Happiness can be found in reaching_out and being in relationship with people. Though time or money may be lost in helping others, these will become our happy memories. Happiness is a dance with whatever in front of you. It is a deep connection to everything around you. It does not come from expecting others to bring you joy but from how you can create joy for others.‎ If you want to experience happiness more often, see what you can do to put a smile on someone else's face each day and notice how much happier you feel when you have achieved that. Happiness is not to be found in material possessions. It is freely available to everyone at any time. All that is required to experience happiness is that you place your focus on moments in your life that make you smile.‎ 语篇解读：幸福是一种心理感受。仅仅从外界寻找幸福的结果是令人失望的。要想真正地享受幸福，就必须从内心世界寻找幸福。‎ ‎6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?‎ A．You may smile at a funeral.‎ B．We should only keep happiness in mind.‎ C．Expression must be fit for the proper situation.‎ D．We can be in a happy state 24 hours a day.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。第二段说明在葬礼上笑是不合适的。由此可推知，人的面部表情一定要适合特定的场合。‎ ‎7．According to the author, happiness can show up when ________.‎ A．you don't have to work B．you expect others to bring you joy C．a good relationship is maintained D．you are free to do anything 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，和他人建立良好的关系可以使人感到幸福。‎ ‎8．The underlined phrase “reaching out” in Paragraph 4 means “________”．‎ A．stretching one's hand B．offering help to someone C．trying to get something D．realizing one's dream 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句可知，虽然帮助别人可能会使我们损失时间和金钱，但它却会成为我们幸福的回忆，故reaching out表示“伸出援手”。‎ ‎9．What can we learn from the last paragraph?‎ A．Smiling to others is rarely available to everyone.‎ B．Making others smile can create one's own happiness.‎ C．Having possessions leads to one's own satisfaction.‎ D．Experiencing happiness is to smile at others.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，当你让他人面带笑容时，你自己也会感到幸福。故选B。‎ D ‎(2018·镇江市高三教学测试)One morning in Philadelphia, the sun shone brightly through all the thick jungles and the tall churches. John, 6, wearing the wornout clothes, walked from afar, his dark small hands holding a piece of stolen bread.‎ John stopped for a moment at the entrance to the sacred church and then left tightly holding the bread.‎ He was an orphan, whose parents were killed in World War Ⅱ leaving him alone in the orphanage for five years. Like many children in the orphanage, he had a lot of free time. Mostly no one took care of them, so they had to learn how to steal those they wanted.‎ John believed the existence of God, so every Sunday morning in any case he would go to the church to have a look and listen to those people singing inside or reciting the Bible. He felt only at this moment he was the child of God and so close to God. But he couldn't enter because his clothes were so dirty. John himself knew it.‎ John was quietly counting. This was his 45th Sunday at the entrance to the church. He stood on tiptoe for a while and walked away.‎ As time passed, the pastor (牧师) noticed John and learned from others that he was the little boy who liked stealing things in the orphanage.‎ On the 46th Sunday, the sun was shining and John came still holding a piece of bread with his ‎ dark small hands. When he just stood there, the pastor came out. He felt like running away, but he was carried by the pastor's friendly smile.‎ The pastor walked up to his side, clearly seeing John's small hands tremble.‎ ‎“Are you John？”‎ John didn't answer, but looked at the pastor and nodded.‎ ‎“Do you believe in God？” the pastor petted John on his head stained with dust.‎ ‎“Yes, I do！” This time John told him loudly.‎ ‎“So you believe in yourself？”‎ John looked at the pastor, without a word.‎ The pastor went on saying, “At the first sight of you, I find you're different from other kids because you have a good heart.”‎ His face turning red, John said timidly, “In fact, I'm a thief.” With that, he lowered his head.‎ The pastor didn't speak, but held John's dark small hands, slowly opened them and put them against his wrinkled face.‎ ‎“Ah！” Just at the same time, John shouted and was about to take out his dark small hands. Yet the pastor tightly held his small hands and spread them out in the sun.‎ ‎“Do you see, John？”‎ ‎“What？”‎ ‎“You're cupping the sunshine in your hands.”‎ John blankly looked at his hands: when did they become so beautiful?‎ ‎“In God's eyes, all children are the same. When they are willing to spread out their hands to greet the sun, the sun will naturally shine on them. And you have two things more than they do. First is courage and the second is kindness.” With that, the pastor led him into the church. It was the first time that John had gone into this sacred place, and at this moment he didn't feel inferior, but the unspeakable warmth.‎ On that morning embracing the sunshine, John found himself again, along with the confidence, satisfaction, happiness, dreams he had never had.‎ Twenty years has passed. Now the boy who ever tightly held the bread with his dirty hands has been the most famous chef in Philadelphia and made many popular dishes.‎ Every Sunday morning, he would personally send the bread he baked to the orphanage. Those children who greeted him with cheers were used to consciously spreading their palms before they got the bread.‎ Because they all knew when we are willing to spread out our hands to greet the sunshine, the sun will naturally shine on us.‎ 语篇解读：在孤儿院有一个男孩名叫约翰，和其他孤儿一样，他学会了偷东西。是牧师的慈祥与关爱改变了他的未来。‎ ‎10．The method the writer uses to develop Paragraph 1 is ________.‎ A．presenting contrasts B．showing causes C．offering analyses D．providing explanations 解析：选A　写作手法题。作者在第一段把灿烂的阳光与衣衫褴褛的小男孩作对比，因此选择A项。‎ ‎11．Why didn't John go inside whenever he went to the church?‎ A．He was frightened to be recognized by the pastor.‎ B．He was not welcomed by those singing in the church.‎ C．He was ashamed of his dirty clothes.‎ D．He was left alone in the orphanage and nobody cared for him.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段“But he couldn't enter because his clothes were so dirty.”可知应选C项。‎ ‎12．John felt ________ when the pastor walked up to him.‎ A．excited B．nervous C．satisfied D．angry 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第七段的“When he just stood there ... by the pastor's friendly smile.”可知，当牧师走到他面前时他很害怕。‎ ‎13．Which of the following questions did John respond to firmly?‎ A．“Are you John？”　 ‎ B．“Do you see, John？”‎ C．“So you believe in yourself？” ‎ D．“Do you believe in God？”‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第十一段及十二段的“‘Do you believe in God？’ ... ‘Yes, I do！’ This time John told him loudly.”可知答案。‎ ‎14．Which of the following can best reflect the pastor's great influence on John?‎ A．John became a famous chef.‎ B．John admitted his bad behavior.‎ C．John believed the existence of God.‎ D．John spread warmth to other orphans.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。约翰成为名厨后，不断地给孤儿院里的孩子送去爱心，是牧师的慈祥影响了他。‎ ‎15．According to the passage, the sunshine cupped in hands can bring ________.‎ A．cheers and confidence B．dreams and imagination C．courage and kindness D．forgiveness and satisfaction ‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第五段牧师的话“And you have two things more than they do. First is courage and the second is kindness.”可知应选C项。‎