专题02名词-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

专题02名词-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

‎ ‎ ‎【2019年高考命题预测】‎ 名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。结合近几年高考对名词的考查，可以发现在单项选择题中，每年都出现2～3道题。名词在完形填空中和短文改错及语法填空中都占有重要地位。‎ 名词考点主要为：可数名词与不可数名词；抽象名词的具体化；名词的所有格；名词作定语以及名词固定习语；名词与主谓一致等。在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义。另外要多归纳总结，做题时要结合语境。‎ ‎【考点定位】2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布 研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考查，考查题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语法填空为主。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 考点一、对同义词、近义词的考查 ‎ ‎【江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】Some tourists’ visiting Tian’anmen Square during the holiday left a ________ of litter everywhere they went.‎ A. trail B. dot C. chain D. track ‎【答案】A 考点：考查名词 ‎【备考提示】面对英较语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。‎ 考点二、对相似词的考查 ‎ ‎【福建省泉州第一中学高三下学期最后一次模拟】The creation of art can fly with the wings of________, but make sure art workers walk on solid earth. A. imagination B. determination C. seriousness D. realization ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词辨析。A. imagination想象；B. determination决心；C. seriousness严肃；D. realization实现。句意：艺术可以放飞想象的翅膀，但一定要脚踩坚实的大地。故A正确。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析 考点三、易错的新版教材名词固定搭配 ‎ 作为对新版教材的体现，新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。 ‎ ‎3、As an official, one should serve the people at any cost _______sitting back to protect the chair.‎ ‎ A．in term of B．instead of C．in need of D．in favor of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：in term of关于；in need of需要；instead of而不是，相反；in favor of支持，赞同，句意：作为干部，一个干部就应该不惜一切代价为人民服务而不是缩在后面保自己的位置。所以选B。‎ 考点：考查介词短语 ‎4、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of______. ‎ A．date B．shape ‎ C．order D．balance ‎ ‎【答案】B。‎ ‎【解析】你坐在我帽子上，帽子已严重变形了。out of shape意为“变形”；out of date意为“过时”：out of order意为“混乱”；out of balance 意为“失衡”。 ‎ ‎【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配，我们要注意收集和整理，并尤其要加强新出现的固定搭配的记忆和分类汇总。 ‎ 考点四、考查单词基本义的引申和拓展 ‎ 近年来，常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现，给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。 ‎ ‎5、To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses． ‎ A．strengths B．benefits ‎ C．techniques D．values ‎ ‎【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】语境为：要使队员表现得更好，教练员首先得清楚每个队员的优点和缺点。 B项表“利益、好处”，不合题意。而A项除表体力外，还可引申为可数名词something providing force or power优点、强项，符合语境。‎ ‎【备考提示】平时多翻阅英语词典，尽可能了解最常见单词的新义项。同时，加强英语材料的接触，拓展自己的知识面，提高自己的英语水平。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【三年高考】 16、17、18高考试题及其解析 ‎2018年高考试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.‎ A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。‎ 点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。‎ ‎2.【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ‎ _______ you’ve made.‎ A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association交往；C. acquisition获得；D. assumption假设。故选D。‎ 点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【2018·全国I】 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).‎ ‎67. 考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。‎ ‎2. 【2018·全国II】This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ ‎66. 考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。‎ ‎3. 【2018·全国III】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.‎ ‎66. 考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。‎ ‎4. 【2018·浙江】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ___56___(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.‎ ‎56. 考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。‎ ‎5. 【2018·浙江】Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___64___(weigh) problems.‎ ‎64. 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1. 【2018·全国I】Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise ‎ dozens of chicken.‎ chicken改成chickens 考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。‎ ‎2. 【2018·全国II】When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.‎ ‎3. 【2018·全国III】The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well.‎ 第八处：考查主谓一致。that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。‎ 第九处：考查名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数。‎ ‎2017年高考试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎【2017· 江苏】24.The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语 从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》的出版 获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一、主语从句的主谓一致 单个从句作主语时看做单数，多个从句并列作主语时看做复数。‎ e. g. What we lack today steel and concrete.‎ what从句作主语，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数，否则用单数。‎ e. g. What he wants to get are some books.‎ 二、定语从句的主谓一致 ‎1. 一般情况下，关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语动词应和先行词在数上保持一致。‎ ‎2. 集体名词作先行词，被视作一个整体时，关系代词用which，从句谓语用单数；被视作若干个体的组合时，用who作关系代词，谓语动词用复数；常见的集体名词有：family, audience, class, club, government, union, staff, team, couple, committee, crow, firm, public, orchestra, company等。‎ ‎3. 先行词是“one of十复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎ 如果先行词是“the right/ just the/ the only/ the very/ exactly the+one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ 4. 强调句型中，形式主语it后总是接单数is/ was；强调主语时，从句谓语动词与被强调主语部分的数保持 ‎ 一致。‎ 考点：考查主谓一致 ‎【2017·天津卷】6. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.‎ A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as..把...看做..和句意确定应该用被动语态排除A和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with 连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。‎ 考点：考查动词语态和主谓一致 考查交际用语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查方向涉及到动词的语态和主谓一致，首先要把握句意，判断主谓之间是主动还是被动关系，再者就是考查学生的考虑是否全面，即加之判断谓语动词的单复数，考查了学生对主谓一致中就前一致的把握。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.________ a method of ‎ fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62.________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。‎ ‎61. as　考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。‎ ‎62. effects　考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的some可知副作用有很多，故填effects。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.________ work.‎ ‎61. crowds　考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。‎ ‎62. from　考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]This development was only possible with the 69.________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.‎ ‎69. introduction　考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词of，故只能用introduction。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]She is determined to carry on with her 66.________ (educate)．‎ She has turned down several 67.________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.‎ ‎66. education　考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。‎ ‎67. invitations　考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。‎ ‎[2017·浙江卷6月考]Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56.________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一则小故事，主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在16年前丢失了结婚戒指，现在失而复得的故事。‎ ‎56. carrots　考查名词。根据a handful of可知，应该有一把小胡萝卜，所以用carrot的复数形式。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”‎ ‎5. word改为words　考查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速”“减速”“左转”。 word表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将word改为words。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Beside，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.‎ ‎8. informations改为information　考查不可数名词。information为不可数名词。‎ ‎2016年高考试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·江苏】24. — Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?‎ ‎ — Living every day to the full, definitely.‎ A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt ‎【答案】A 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎2.【2016·天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.‎ ‎ A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 词汇辨析是每次试卷中必然出现的题型，所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。在复习词汇的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照点-线-面顺序，构建知识网络环境，对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提升，这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。这样，再做单项填空题时，就会觉得游刃有余。对于英语中的词汇用法，平时要多归纳总结，词汇用法的特殊语法规则更要特别记忆。最好把词汇放在句子中，连同句子一起记忆，这样能够加强记忆。‎ ‎3.【2016·浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.‎ A. condition B. income C. credit D. status ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。Condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）。根据句意故选C。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析，对于同义词辨析，我们一定要平时注意积累。由做题经验可知，同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中，由关键固定短语来判断的。真正的词义辨析题很少。常考的名词词义辨析词有: custom风俗习惯；habit个人习惯；tradition传统；scene场景；scenery自然风景（总称）；view特定位置的景观；sight人文或历史景观；skill技能；ability能力；talent才华；strength优势，长处 等等。这题中的credit属于一词多义，有时也会考查熟词生义。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).‎ The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。‎ ‎61. attraction 考查名词。 形容词top后面跟名词形式。‎ ‎69. days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。‎ ‎【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more , such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。‎ ‎70. the考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个……另一个”。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). ‎ ‎42.achievement 考查名词。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。‎ ‎46.studies 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。‎ ‎47.regualrly 考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks.‎ ‎47. who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。‎ ‎48.development考查词性转换。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。‎ ‎5.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 45 (enemy)that would try to eat the little comforting pats.‎ ‎45.enemies 句意：任何气味都可能吸引自然界的敌人。自然界的敌人不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分 My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.‎ ‎4. honest→ honesty 考查名词。此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。 而形容词honest意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。 ‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.‎ ‎7. knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数。本句中名词knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. ‎ ‎51. year—years考查名词复数。13-19年是复数概念，year是可数名词，故把year改为years。‎ ‎4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.‎ ‎2.houseworks---housework “housework”是不可数名词，故把 houseworks---housework。‎ ‎5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ When I was a very young children,my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.‎ ‎66.【答案】children改成child ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 因为前面有不定冠词a，所以这里用单数。故children改成child。‎ 考点：考查名词单复数 ‎67.【答案】late改成later ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： late是形容词“迟的”，或副词“迟地”，但是“一段时间后面应该接later”，表示“……时间以后”。故late改成later。‎ 考点：考查副词 ‎2015年高考试题 一、单项填空 ‎1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.‎ A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配lose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。‎ ‎2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. ‎ A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity（掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。‎ ‎3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.‎ A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查名词辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析。该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量，四个词的意思分别是“思考”；“支持”；“保护”和“权威”；其次，做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。根据第一句和“and then let me know”可知，现在不急着告诉“我”答案，由此可知是让对方再想想。‎ ‎4.【2015·江苏】35.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.‎ ‎—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .‎ A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在情景交际中辨析名词词义的能力。语境较为简单，考生只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”就可以锁定正确答案。因此，考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练，加强对词汇的语境理解，可以达到事半功倍的效果。‎ ‎5.【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.‎ A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。‎ ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对……做出评价/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围。‎ ‎6.【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.‎ A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A ‎【考点定位】考查名词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】名词也 是高考英语复习的重点。对名词的考点无处不在，尤其是在阅读写作的过程中，考生对于名词的熟悉程度对于成绩是有很大影响的，要加强词汇、短语的记忆，要避免单纯地死记硬背，应注意结合语境，在理解的基础上熟记典型例句和常用搭配，总结规律，并根据自己的记忆特点，选择科学的记忆方法。记忆单词应和阅读结合起来，把单词融入句子中和语境中，利用上下文来帮助记忆。‎ ‎7.【2015·浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.‎ ‎ A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production意为产品， B. stress意为压力， C. energy意为能源， D. passive意为力量。此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B. stress意为压力。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】对于名词的考查，通常是以单项选择或词语运用形式考查名词词义及其用法，以及学生在具体语言环境中灵活运用名词的能力。在名词的用法方面，有可能是与固定搭配有关，也有可能根据语意。需要学生平时记忆常见名词的意思及相关用法。‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1.[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63.________(able) to “air condition” a house without 64.________(use)electric equipment.‎ ‎[解析]‎ ‎63. ability 　结合空格前面的形容词性物主代词their可知，后面要用able的名词形式。 ‎ ‎64. using　结合空格前面的介词without，后面应该使用v.ing的形式。‎ ‎2.[2015·全国卷I]‎ I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.________(painting). ‎ 三、短文改错 ‎1.【2015·陕西】Mum taught me some basic step of baking.‎ ‎[解析]step 改为steps 句意：妈妈教我一些基本的烘焙的步骤。step 是可数名词，用复数steps。‎ ‎2. 【2015·四川】As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. ‎ ‎【解析】friend—friends 考查名词的复数。名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。句意为：我在这儿交了三个新朋友。‎ ‎3.【2015·浙江】My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. ‎ ‎【解析】side-sides 考查名词的单复数。根据前面的three，此处应该使用复数形式。‎ ‎4.【2015·新课标全国II】One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.‎ ‎【解析】 parent改为parents 看下文可知，是父母两个，所以用parents。‎ 5. ‎【2015·新课标全国I】The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. ‎ ‎ 【解析】airs—air 句意：我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词air为不可数名词。‎ ‎2014年高考试题 一、单项填空 ‎1.【2014·天津卷】3. Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.‎ A. source B. sense C. result D. root ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：风现在是世界上增长最快的电力资源。source 资源；sense感觉、意识；result结果；root根源。结合语境可知选A。 ‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎2.【2014·福建卷】26. —Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?‎ ‎ — Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.‎ A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这里表示“你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗”。Feature特征；plan计划；cost花费；trick 诀窍，所以选D。句意：上文，你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗？下文，好吧，我就是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎3.【2014·湖北卷】Her_____ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.‎ A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎ 试题分析：A项表示“动力，激励”；B项为“资格”；C项是“才能，天赋”；D项表示“技巧”。句意上“她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利”。故选A。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎4.【2014·湖北卷】When Richard said，“You are much more agreeable and prettier now，Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected_____.‎ A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意上，Joan听见Richard的出乎意外的话脸变红，而话的内容是“你更加和蔼可亲和漂亮了”，明显是夸赞之言，C项表示的就是“恭维，赞美”，故选C。A项表示的是“命令，要求”；B项表示“比较”；D项表示“贡献”，句意上都不符合。“com-的前缀和con-的前缀单词一直是高考的重点和难点。‎ 考点：考查形近名词辨析及语境理解 ‎5.【2014·江苏卷】27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year’s election.‎ A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。A. symbol象征，标志；B. portrait肖像；C. identity身份，特征；D. statue塑像，雕像。句意：两年前她被软禁，但是在去年的大选中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。故A正确。‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解 ‎6.【2014·安徽卷】29．— Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?‎ ‎— That's a good .‎ A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. account ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--如果你没有足够的钱买一个新车，你为什么不先买一辆二手的呢？--这是一个好建议。四个选项的含义分别是:A .saying说法，B. question问题，C suggestion建议，D.account账户，描述。根据句意选C。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎7.【2014·浙江卷】6. We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.‎ ‎   A. attempts              B. requests            C. doubts               D. promises ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题分析】A.attempt尝试；B. request请求；C.doubts怀疑；D.promises承诺。句意：对于我们认识和喜欢的人的请求我们大多喜欢说可以。根据句意故选B。‎ 考点：名词辨析及语境的理解。‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1.[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] While there are_______68(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _______69(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎68.amazing.这里空格处应该用形容词，来修饰后面的名词，amazing指令人吃惊的；amazed指人感到吃惊的。这里不是用来修饰人的，故用amazing。‎ ‎69.changes.对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子的主语，根据谓语动词are可知主语应该是复数，故用changes。‎ 三、短文改错 ‎1.[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]Since then for all these year we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed ‎ where they please.‎ ‎【解析】根据句意和前面的all these 可知，用可数名词year的复数形式years。all these years 的意思是这么多年。‎ ‎2.[2014·辽宁卷]We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我们已经几次打电话关于Cleo的早晨吠叫的事情。这里的time是可数名词，表示“次数”改成times ‎3.[2014·浙江卷]Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. ‎ ‎4.[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.‎ ‎【解析】hour→hours 考查名词单复数。we can do reading for one and a half hour。此处one and a half hour意思是“一个半小时”，hour应该用复数形式。‎ ‎5.[2014·四川卷] Stay close to your teacher and classmate. ‎ ‎【解析】classmate ---classmates 。考查名词单复数。Stay close to your teacher and classmate.从内容可知此处是指许多同学们，应该用复数形式，把classmate改为classmates。‎ ‎2013年高考试题 ‎1.[2013·浙江]4. As the world’s population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern.‎ A. worth B. supply C. package D. list ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意为：随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应问题越来越受到人们的关注。所以这里the supply of food表示“食品供应”；其它worth意为“价值”；package意为“包装”；list则意为“单子，名册”都不符合语意，所以这里选B项。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析。‎ ‎2. [2013·天津卷]7 While she was in Paris，she developed a________ for fine art.‎ A. way B. relation ‎ C．taste D．habit ‎【答案】C　‎ ‎【解析】way方式，方法；relation关系；taste 品位，鉴赏；habit习惯。句意：当她在巴黎时，她养成了很好的艺术品位。‎ 考点：考查名词的含义及语境理解。‎ ‎3．[2013·辽宁卷] The accident caused some ________ to my car，but it's nothing serious.‎ A．harm B．injury C．ruin D．damage ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】damage指使用价值遭到损坏， 这种损坏是部分性的，不是完全，根据语境“it is nothing serious”所以选D。harm指肉体上或精神上的伤害。injury指人在事故中受伤。ruin 多用于借喻之中，经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。如： The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析 ‎4．[2013·江苏] 33With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture Can take a ________ for the better.‎ A．share B．chance ‎ C．turn D．lead ‎【答案】C　‎ ‎【解析】句意为：因受到其他的饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化可以好转。turn意为“变化”，符合题意。share意为“份额，股份”；chance意为“机会”；lead意为“领导，榜样”。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析。‎ ‎5．[2013·江西卷] 22Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________．‎ A. curiosity B. satisfaction ‎ C. envy D. patience ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】curiosity意为“好奇心”；satisfaction意为“满意”；envy意为“嫉妒”；patience意为“耐心”。 句意：无论什么时候我犯错，老师都耐心地指出来。由语境可知D项正确。‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析。‎ ‎6.[2013·湖北]22 Carbon dioxide, which makes a ________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.‎ A．difference B．comparison ‎ C．connection D．barrier ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】difference 差别，不同；comparison 比较，对比；connection 联系，关联；barrier障碍，屏障。句意：在我们和太阳之间形成一道屏障的二氧化碳很容易阻止热量进入大气层，所以地球更暖和了 考点：考查名词的含义。‎ ‎7．[2013·湖北] 21Poetry written from the ________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.‎ A．perspective B．priority ‎ C．participation D．privilege ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】perspective看法，观点，视角；priority 优先考虑的事，重点，优先权；participation参加，参与；privilege特别待遇，优惠，特权。句意：以城市青年的视角写的诗倾向于揭示他们缺乏归属感的焦虑。‎ 考点：考查名词的含义。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【两年模拟】2017、2018名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2018年模拟题 ‎1.【安徽省安庆市第一中学2018届高三第三次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。‎ My time in China was a(an) ___41___ (forget) experience. Every day was a new adventure. I made life-long friends and had many ___42___ (last) memories. My study abroad program organized trips for us to learn about each city and to visit cultural ___43___ (sight). While I was in Beijing, I climbed the Great Wall of China, and visited Tiananmen Square, the Forbidden City and the Bird’s Nest Olympic stadium. I also had the opportunity of ___44___ (stick) in a Beijing thunderstorm, bargaining in the market, and riding the high-speed train. While I was in Tianjin, I ___45___ (study) at Nankai University. I was taking the Chinese language and culture courses.___46___ I enjoyed most is that whatever I learned in class, I would use it outside to communicate with people. Having the opportunity ___47___ (speak) Mandarin every day really improved my learning. In the afternoon I would have culture classes ___48___ I would learn about Chinese calligraphy, Beijing ‎ opera, Chinese martial arts, Chinese cooking and many other subjects. The mix of learning about the language and culture made each day of class ___49___ (enjoyable’) exciting.‎ I believe that the key ___50___ studying abroad successfully is the attitude you carry. Going to China, I was open-minded and had a very positive attitude.‎ ‎【答案】41. unforgettable ‎ ‎42. lasting ‎ ‎43. sights 44. being stuck ‎ ‎45. studied ‎ ‎46. What 47. to speak ‎ ‎48. where 49. enjoyably ‎ ‎50. to ‎【解析】此文为记叙文，文章主要介绍了作者来北京留学时看到的风景，以及体验等。‎ ‎45. 考查时态。根据句子的时间状语从句while I was in Beijing，可知句子用一般过去时，所以用studied。‎ ‎46. 考查连词。此处为主语从句的连词。主语从句缺enjoy的宾语，所以用连接代词what。‎ ‎47. 考查不定式，此处表示干。。。的机会，opportunity 为抽象名词，后应该用不定式作定语，所以用to speak。‎ ‎48. 考查定语从句。此句的先行词为culture class，从句缺少地点状语，所以用关系副词where。‎ ‎49. 考查副词。此处用来修饰形容词exciting，所以要用副词enjoyably。‎ ‎50. 考查介词。此处表示出国留学成功的关键是态度。The key to为。。。的关键为固定搭配。‎ ‎2.【河北省衡水中学2018届高三仿真模拟卷（三）】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Hollywood filmmakers, including creators of the 1998 Disney fílm Mulan, will start a ‎ “discovery trip” to Mulans birthplace —Huangpi district in Hubei province this week.‎ During ___41___ two-day visit, they will see a number of Mulan-themed performances, such as horse fighting show and local opera. They also will visit ___42___ (place) of historical interest, like the Mulan Mountain and the Generals Temple.‎ In the 20 years since the Disney film came out, ___43___(it) director Tony Bancroft hasn’t been to the land of Mulan’s roots. “For me, it’s more than a circle tour of ___44___ my favorite character was born. I’m also doing my homework for the next film,” he said.‎ ‎“China used to be closed off to Westerners, thus ___45___ (create) a mystery. but in the last few years, U. S. films ___46___(explore) the Chinese culture and environment, which has opened audiences to a whole new world. I believe the tale of Mulan appeals’ to Westerners mainly ___47___ it’s about a daughter’s respect for her family, ___48___ (especial) her father.” Bancroft added.‎ A live-action remake of the 1998 film ___49___ (expect) to hit theaters in 2019. The Walt Disney Studios has announced that Chinese actress Liu Yifei, also ___50___(know) as Crystal Liu, is going to star in the classic Chinese tale ‎【答案】41. the ‎ ‎42. places 43. its ‎ ‎44. where 45. creating ‎ ‎46. have explored ‎ ‎47. because ‎ ‎48. especially ‎ ‎49. is expected ‎ ‎50. known ‎【解析】好莱坞的电影制作人，包括1998年迪斯尼电影花木兰的创造者，将于本周在湖北的黄皮区开始一场“探索之旅”。一部新的电影预计将在2019上演。华特迪士尼公司宣布，中国女演员刘亦菲将出演经典的中国故事。‎ ‎41. 考查冠词。在两天的参观期间。此处表示特指，故答案为the.‎ ‎42. 考查名词复数。a place of interest名胜古迹，这里指的是“很多名胜古迹” ，故答案为places。‎ ‎43. 考查形容词性物主代词。director是名词，形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故答案为its。‎ ‎44. 考查宾语从句。对我来说这不仅仅是我最喜欢的角色出生地的一次巡回演出。此处介词后面where引导宾语从句，故答案为where。‎ ‎45. 考查现在分词做结果状语。中国曾经对西方人是封闭的，因此产生了一个神秘。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故答案为creating。‎ ‎46. 考查时态。根据in the last few years,可知句子用现在完成时态，films是句子主语，复数形式，故答案为have explored。‎ ‎47. 考查状语从句。我相信木兰的故事吸引了西方人，主要是因为它是关于女儿对家庭的尊重，尤其是对她父亲的尊重。可知此处是because引导的原因状语从句。‎ ‎48. 考查副词。我相信木兰的故事吸引了西方人，主要是因为它是关于女儿对家庭的尊重，尤其是对她父亲的尊重。副词修饰名词短语，故答案为especially。‎ ‎50. 考查过去分词。华特迪士尼公司宣布，中国女演员刘亦菲，也被称为“水晶刘”，将出演经典的中国故事。be known as被认为是---，此处是过去分词做后置定语，故答案为known。‎ ‎3. 【吉林省长春市2018届高三第四次模拟】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ No matter where you are, humans are constantly measuring and checking time. Some of us are good at it—planning and doing things ahead of time, ___61___ others are always trying to beat the clock and do things at the eleventh hour.‎ Tardiness (拖拉) can be serious. If you ___62___ (be) one minute late for work, would you resign? It may sound extreme, but that is exactly ___63___ occurred in the UK upper chamber of parliament, the House of Lords, in January 2018. International development minister Lord Bates arrived one minute late, and, as a result, was unable to answer a ___64___ (schedule) question. Instead of trying ___65___ (make) up for lost time, as many might do, he resigned on ___66___ spot. He apologized for his discourtesy (无礼) and stated that he was ashamed. His resignation, though, ___67___ (reject) by the UK prime minister.‎ So, how late is too late? Many cultures take punctuality very seriously. In contrast, others seem to view tardiness ___68___ just the normal way of things. What is considered acceptable is ‎ based on culture. That is, if you don’t mind waiting, it might be best to attend your ___69___ (appoint) in good time. And if the worst comes to the worst, remember the old English proverb, “ ___70___ (well) late than never. "‎ ‎【答案】61. while ‎ ‎62. were 63. what ‎ ‎64. scheduled ‎ ‎65. to make ‎ ‎66. the 67. was rejected ‎ ‎68. as 69. appointment(s) ‎ ‎70. Better ‎【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了不同文化中人们对迟到的不同看法。‎ ‎61. 考查连词。该空的前一句说“我们中的一些人擅长提前计划和做事情”，后一句说“其他的人总是试图在最后一刻赶时间做事情”，两句话之间是对比关系，所以这里应该填连词while。‎ ‎62. 考查虚拟语气。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，即非真实条件句。表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况，故采用虚拟语气。句意：如果你上班迟到一分钟，你会辞职吗?表示与将来事实相反，所以采用“if+主语+动词一般过去式”的结构，所以这里be动词改为were。‎ ‎63. 考查连接代词。本句是表语从句，从句中缺少的成分是主语，这里的主语指代的是事情，所以用what。‎ ‎64. 考查形容词。在冠词a和名词question之间应该用形容词，所以把schedule变成形容词形式scheduled（预定的）。‎ ‎65. 考查动词不定式。固定搭配try to do sth（试图干某事），所以这里填to make。‎ ‎66. 考查定冠词。固定短语on the spot（在现场）。句意：他并没有像许多人那样，试图弥补失去的时间，而是当场辞职。所以这里应该填冠词the。‎ ‎67. 考查时态和语态。根据本段时态和句意可知，主语resignation和reject为动宾关系，故用过去时的被动形式。句意：尽管他的辞呈被英国首相拒绝了。故用was rejected。‎ ‎68. 考查介词。固定搭配view…as…把…看作….。句意：相比之下，其他人似乎认为迟到是正常的事情。所以这里填as。‎ ‎69. 考查名词。形容词性物主代词后面应该跟名词。句意：如果你不介意等的话，最好在合适的时间去参加你的约会。所以这里填appointment(s)。‎ ‎70. 考查副词比较级。英语谚语“Better late than never”(迟做总比不做好)。所以这里应该填Better。‎ ‎4. 【全国名校联盟2018年高考《考试大纲》猜题卷（全国卷II、III）第一套模拟】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A CCTV history program that mixes documentaries and drama with variety shows in ___41___ hope of promoting the protection of prized cultural legacies (遗产) has become a hit. Notional Treasure is the first Chinese TV program ___42___ (take) this unique approach. It consists of 10 episodes (集) airing; on Sundays on Channel Three of CCTV.‎ Each episode exhibits three of the ___43___ ( fine) cultural treasures in China, each presented by a celebrity (名人) and an expert who ___44___ (act) as “national treasure keepers”. The treasure keepers tell the stories behind the pieces and uncover the mysteries that surround them. Yu Lei,___45___ is the producer and director of the show, said, “The show presents the treasures through different artistic methods, and tries to make sense of the stories and history behind each treasure, so that audiences can come to appreciate not only their beauty, but also their cultural ___46___ (significant).”‎ Nine major museums are participating,___47___ (range) from The Palace Museum to Liaoning Provincial Museum. As for the treasures, selection criteria, Yu said the show tries to take ___48___ account historical, artistic and scientific values. “The pieces featured on the show are ___49___ (possible) not all the so-called representative pieces in these museums, but they should represent some historic periods and reflect an important point in history.”‎ The roles of national treasure keepers in the first episode ___50___ (play) by Tony Leung Ka-fai, Li Chen and Wang Kai on December 3, 2017. Yu said the crew hopes to reach more people by using these famous actors.‎ ‎【答案】41. the ‎ ‎42. to take ‎ ‎43. finest 44. act ‎ ‎45. who 46. significance ‎ ‎47. ranging ‎ ‎48. into 49. possibly ‎ ‎50. were played ‎【解析】试题分析：这是一篇说明文。介绍了中央电视台的一档节目《国家宝藏》，这个节目通过一些综艺表演来讲述宝藏背后的故事，让观众感受到宝藏的魅力所在。‎ ‎41. 考查冠词。in the hope of“怀着……希望”是固定短语，故填the。‎ ‎42. 考查非谓语动词。“___2___ (take) this unique approach”作定语，修饰program，修饰语由序数词修饰，后置定语用不定式。故填to take。‎ ‎43. 考查形容词最高级。句意：每集展出中国最好的文化宝藏中的三个。根据语境，此处应是指“最好的文化宝藏”。故填finest。‎ ‎44. 考查动词的时态。“who ___4___ (act) as‘national treasure keepers’”作定语修饰 a celebrity (名人) and an expert，从句中作主语，故谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致；文章主时态用一般现在时，故填act。‎ ‎48. 考查介词。take into account “考虑”是固定短语，故填into。‎ ‎49. 考查副词。possibly作状语，修饰谓语动词，作状语用副词形式。故填possibly。‎ ‎50. 考查动词的时态。由“by Tony Leung Ka-fai, Li Chen and Wang Kai”可推断，play与主语The roles是被动关系，由时间状语 on December 3, 2017可知，句子用一般过去时。故填were played。‎ ‎5. 【广东省惠州市惠东中学2018届高三5月热身综合练习（五）】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Have you ever been to London? Which famous sites did you visit? Or, if it is the first time that you ___61___(be) there, which one will you check out?‎ Some world famous ___62___(culture) sites may already be on your list: Buckingham Palace, Big Ben and the London Tower. However, a tour of London would be incomplete ___63___ checking out the London art scene. As a guidebook London’s Secrets: Museums & Galleries put it, London’s art is a lot like ___64___ city itself — “diverse, vast, and in a constant state of changes. From old masters to street art and everything in between, London has it all.”‎ In fact, according to The Telegraph, museums and galleries were the most ___65___(visit) attractions in Britain last year. The British Museum, ___66___ celebrated its 225th anniversary ‎ this year, had the most visitors, at 6,701,036.‎ According to The Art Newspaper, the British Museum’s increased ___67___(popular) is down to its exhibitions, particularly its Life and Death in Pompeii and Herculaneum show ( March-September 2017 ).‎ There are more than 7 million artifacts(文物) in the British Museum. Not all of them are on display, but much of the collection ___68___(constant) rotates(轮换), so you’ll see something new with each visit. So,___69___ you’re an art lover or just looking for a fun time, you’re sure ___70___(find) inspiration in London.‎ ‎【答案】61. have been ‎ ‎62. cultural ‎ ‎63. without ‎ ‎64. the 65. visited ‎ ‎66. which 67. popularity ‎ ‎68. constantly ‎ ‎69. whether ‎ ‎70. to find ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文作者说明了伦敦之旅如果没有去伦敦的艺术现场将会变得不完整，并且作者对伦敦博物馆和艺术馆进行了介绍。‎ ‎61. 考查固定句型。This / That/ It is/ was＋the＋序数词＋名词＋从句(从句中的时态要用完成时态；如前为is，则用现在完成时，如为was则用过去完成时)，所以填have been。‎ ‎62. 考查形容词。修饰名词sites，用形容词，所以填cultural。‎ ‎63. 考查介词。然而，伦敦之旅没有去伦敦的艺术现场将会变得不完整。表示“没有……”，所以填without。‎ ‎64. 考查冠词。伦敦的艺术非常像这座城市本身。特指“这座城市”，所以用定冠词the。‎ ‎65. 考查非谓语动词。“旅行胜地”和“参观”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，填visited。‎ ‎66. 考查非限制性定语从句。___6___ celebrated its 225th anniversary this year作定语，修饰The British Museum，且有逗号与主句隔开，所以___6___ celebrated its 225th anniversary this year是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以填which。‎ ‎67. 考查名词。作句子主语，用名词，所以填popularity。‎ ‎68. 考查副词。修饰动词rotates，用副词，所以填constantly。‎ ‎69. 考查固定用法。句意：所以无论你是一名艺术爱好者还是出于娱乐目的而观赏，你一定会在伦敦找到灵感。Whether… or…是…还是…，是固定用法，所以填whether。‎ ‎70. 考查固定句型。be sure to do一定做某事；确定做，是固定句型，所以填to find。‎ 短文改错 ‎1.【安徽省六安市毛坦厂中学2018届高三下学期四月月考】‎ I went to the supermarket yesterday. While walk around，I noticed n credit card on the floor by chances. I picked it up and waited for an owner. No one comes. Suddenly, a lady with an anxiously look rushed in. So I approached her and asked why she had lost something. She did, her credit card. I asked her name but confirmed that it matched the card. Then I returned to her. She said she had prayed to her mother, who had passed away recently, to help her find the card. We talked and I introduced for myself, “My name is Claire.” She responded, “My mother’s name is Claire either!”‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者去超市捡到一张信用卡，最后归还给了一个女孩。其实这个女孩是为她妈妈找卡的，她妈妈最近已经去世了。‎ ‎1.考查现在分词。此处I和walk之间是主动关系，用现在分词做时间状语，故把walk改成walking。‎ ‎2.固定词组。by chance碰巧，偶然，故把chances改成chance。‎ ‎3.考查定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。我把它捡起来等行用卡的主人。故把an改成the、its。‎ ‎4.考查时态。没有人来。根据前文的yesterday可知句子用一般过去时态，故把comes改成came。‎ ‎5.考查形容词。此处look（看，面容）是名词，形容词修饰名词，故把anxiously改成anxious。‎ ‎6.考查连词。我靠近他并问她是否丢了东西。结合句意，此处是if/whether引导的宾语从句，故把why改成if/whether。‎ ‎7.考查并列连词。我问她的名字，并核实与信用卡吻合。此处是并列的递进关系，故把but改成and。‎ ‎8.考查代词。我把它归还给她。此处return（归还）是及物动词，故在returned后面加it。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ return（归还）是及物动词，相当于give back，后面要带宾语；return（返回）是不及物动词，相当于come back，后面的地点如果是名词，则要加介词to，再跟名词地点，后面的地点如果是副词地点（here/there/home）则直接加副词地点。另外，back不能和return在同一句中出现。‎ ‎9.考查固定搭配。introduce oneself自我介绍，故把for去掉。‎ ‎10.考查副词。我妈妈的名字也是Claire。肯定句中的“也”用too，故把either改成too。‎ ‎2.【安徽省六安市毛坦厂中学2018届高三下学期四月月考】‎ I went to the supermarket yesterday. While walk around，I noticed n credit card on the floor by chances. I picked it up and waited for an owner. No one comes. Suddenly, a lady with an anxiously look rushed in. So I approached her and asked why she had lost something. She did, her credit card. I asked her name but confirmed that it matched the card. Then I returned to her. She said she had prayed to her mother, who had passed away recently, to help her find the card. We talked and I introduced for myself, “My name is Claire.” She responded, “My mother’s name is Claire either!”‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者去超市捡到一张信用卡，最后归还给了一个女孩。其实这个女孩是为她妈妈找卡的，她妈妈最近已经去世了。‎ ‎6.考查连词。我靠近他并问她是否丢了东西。结合句意，此处是if/whether引导的宾语从句，故把why改成if/whether。‎ ‎7.考查并列连词。我问她的名字，并核实与信用卡吻合。此处是并列的递进关系，故把but改成and。‎ ‎8.考查代词。我把它归还给她。此处return（归还）是及物动词，故在returned后面加it。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ return（归还）是及物动词，相当于give back，后面要带宾语；return（返回）是不及物动词，相当于come back，后面的地点如果是名词，则要加介词to，再跟名词地点，后面的地点如果是副词地点（here/there/home）则直接加副词地点。另外，back不能和return在同一句中出现。‎ ‎9.考查固定搭配。introduce oneself自我介绍，故把for去掉。‎ ‎10.考查副词。我妈妈的名字也是Claire。肯定句中的“也”用too，故把either改成too。‎ ‎3. 【全国名校联盟2018年高考《考试大纲》猜题卷（全国卷II、III）第一套模拟】‎ Our school is holding an activity aiming to building a harmonious school. I think what we are responsible for is we should work hard to achieve this goal. One of the most important characteristics of harmony are good relationships. We should be friendly to our classmates. Beside, we should respect our teachers because they are always there to help you. And we should communicate to our parents regularly can know what is happened in our school. Last, we should make an effort to make our school cleaned and take good care of the equipments in the classroom. Let’s take an action from now on! Let’s work together to live in harmony!‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】试题分析：这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述学校里举行的一项建立和谐校园的活动。‎ 第一处：考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth.“目的是……”是常用搭配，to是不定式符号，接动词原形。故将building改为build。‎ 第二处：考查表语从句。“we should work hard to achieve this goal”是表语从句，从句句意齐全，成分齐全，that引导表语从句，无词义，不作成分，仅起引导作用，且引导表语从句不能省略引导词。故is后加that。‎ 第三处：考查主谓一致。主语是one，指代one characteristic，是单数，谓语动词用单数。故将are改为is。‎ 第四处：考查副词。Besides“而且；此外”，beside“在……旁边”，结合句意，故将Beside 改为Besides。‎ 第五处：考查代词。根据句意：而且，我们应该尊重我们的老师因为他们总是时刻帮助我们，故将you改为us。‎ 第六处：考查介词。communicate with sb.“与某人交流”；communicate to“传递”是固定短语，结合句意，故将to改为with。‎ 第七处：考查动词。happen“发生”是不及物动词，无被动式，故将happened改为happening。‎ 第八处：考查非谓语动词。make后接复合宾语，clean作宾语补足语，解释说明our school，用形容词作宾语补足语。故将cleaned改为clean。‎ 第九处：考查名词。equipment“设备”是 不可数名词，故将equipments改为equipment。‎ 第十处：考查冠词。take action“采取措施”，action是不可数名词，故去掉action前的an。‎ ‎4. 【河北省衡水中学2018届高三仿真模拟卷（三）】‎ My first trip to the zoo was years before during an elementary school field trip. It is an ‎ activity I still remembered to this day. It was for the first time that I had found me so close to animals like tigers and lions. I would say that the trip was worth every minute of time spending. However, some feel that animals should not be kept in cages, and should rather be let out in the wild. They think keeping animal in cages shows the cruel of human beings. As far as I concerned, without zoos, many of us would never have the chance to see how a tiger or lion really looks like.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者第一次去动物园所想到的。‎ ‎1.考查副词。before（以前）做副词讲时通常用于完成时态；ago（以前）做副词讲时通常用于一般过去时态的句子中，比如two years ago（两年前），故把before改成ago。‎ ‎2.考查时态。这是我至今仍记得的一项活动。句子应该用一般现在时态，故把remembered改成remember。‎ ‎3.考查固定句式。It is the first time that ---，某人第几次做某事，故把for去掉。‎ ‎4.考查反身代词。这是我第一次发现自己和老虎、狮子等动物亲密接触。find oneself +形容词，故把me改成myself。‎ ‎5.考查过去分词。我想说的是，这次旅行花费的每一分钟都是值得的。此处是过去分词做后置定语，故把spending改成spent。‎ ‎6.考查固定搭配。然而，有些人认为动物不应该被关在笼子里，而是应该在野外被放出来。not---but---，不是---，而是---，故把and改成but。‎ ‎5. 【吉林省长春市2018届高三第四次模拟】‎ Dear Joy,‎ How are you doing? Here is an exciting news for you. There will be an invention competition in our school in the 20th of October. However, there is a rule the participants shall be in a group. But I’d like to invite you to be my partners.‎ I know that you have been longed to design a tiny cooler that people can wear around the wrist. I think it will be a wonderfully idea for the competition. We can make a small air conditioner to controlling the temperature of the wearer.‎ How do you think of my suggestion? Looking forward to you reply.‎ Yours,‎ Zhang Xin ‎【答案】第二句 删除Here 第三句 in改成on 第四句 rule后面加上that 第五句 But改成So；partners改成partner 第六句 longed改成longing 第七句 wonderfully改成wonderful 第八句 controlling改成control 第九句 How改成What 第十句 you改成your ‎【解析】这是一封邮件。邮件内容是张鑫想邀请Joy做搭档一起参加学校的发明比赛，设计一个小型空调。‎ 第一处：考查冠词。news是不可数名词，不可以用不定冠词修饰。所以把冠词an删掉。‎ 第二处：考查介词。the 20th of October是具体时间，所以前面介词要用on，而不是in。‎ 第三处：考查连接词。句意：然而，有一个规则：参加者应该是一个组。the participants shall be in a group是解释说明a rule的内容，故判断是同位语从句，从句不缺成分，解释说明前面a rule 的内容，故rule后要用只起连接作用不做任何成分的连接词that，同位语从句的连接词that通常不可省略。‎ 第四处：考查连词。前一句说“有一个规则是参与者应该在一个组中”，后一句说“我想邀请你做我的搭档”，前后句存在因果关系，所以要把But改为So。‎ 第五处：考查名词。句意：所以我想邀请你作为我的搭档。Joy是一个人，所以“搭档”应该是单数partner。‎ 第六处：考查固定短语。固定短语be longing to do sth“渴望干某事“，且这里没有被动的意思。句意：我知道你一直渴望设计一个可以戴在手腕上的微型冷却器。所以应该把longed改为longing。‎ 第七处：考查形容词。名词idea应该用形容词修饰，所以要把wonderfully改为形容词wonderful。‎ 第八处：考查动词不定时。这里用动词不定式to do表目的。句意：我们可以做一个小型空调来控制穿戴者的温度。所以应该把controlling改为control。‎ 第九处：考查疑问代词。固定句型what do you think of….你认为…怎么样？所以这里把How改为What。‎ 第十处：考查物主代词。名词reply前面应该是形容词性物主代词，所以把you改为your。‎ ‎2017年模拟题 ‎1. 【安徽省合肥市2017年高三下学期第一次教学质量检测】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of ___41___ most important art forms in China. Many Asian cultures have originated their own calligraphy styles, but China’s is unequaled because of ___42___ (it) beauty, grace (优雅), and history. ‎ The ___43___ (origin) of Chinese brush calligraphy are unknown, but local tales say it goes back over 4,000 years to the time of the legendary (传说的) Yellow Emperor (2698-2598 B.C.). At that time characters were carved on animal bones or tortoise shells. Only after Emperor Qin Shi Huang united China under his rule ___44___ one country did it really gain popularity as a common art form. ‎ He simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set, ___45___ (make) it easier for people to learn and master. This Chinese art form continued to progress and during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) a new type of cursive script (草书) was formed and standardized. It is written ___46___ (free), but it’s not as easy to read. ‎ Today Chinese calligraphy is once again a subject in schools and an art form highly ___47___(appreciate) across the world. Anyone can practice it and ___48___ is required is a simple set including: brush, ink, and paper. It’s fun for amateurs to try, but to become good at it, not only years of practice but natural talent ___49___ (need). Practising this art consistently can develop personal character and is of ___50___ (benefit) to health.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎41. the ‎ ‎42. its ‎ ‎43. origins ‎ ‎44. as / into ‎ ‎45. making ‎ ‎46. freely ‎ ‎47. appreciated ‎ ‎48. what ‎ ‎49. is needed ‎ ‎50. benefit ‎【解析】文章介绍了中国书法的起源，特点等知识。‎ ‎41. 考查冠词。the most important…意为“最重要的……”，most important是important的最高级形式，最高级前加定冠词the。‎ ‎42. 考查代词。its是形容词性物主代词，意为“它的”，修饰后面的名词beauty, grace (优雅), and history。‎ ‎43. 考查名词。origin是名词，意为“起源”。该空谓语动词为are，根据主谓一致原则，主语要用名词复数形式。‎ ‎44. 考查介词。unite China as/into one country意为“把中国统一为一个国家”。‎ ‎45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他简化了汉字，设立了法规，使得人们学习变得更容易。“making it easier for people to learn and master”是现在分词作结果状语。‎ ‎46. 考查副词。freely是副词，修饰动词write。句意：它（草书）书写随意，但读起来并不是那么容易。‎ ‎47. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，中国书法再次成为学校里学习的科目，也成为了全世界高度欣赏的一门艺术。“appreciated across the world”是过去分词作定语，修饰an art。an art和appreciate之间是被动关系。‎ ‎49. 考查时态和语态。主语为natural talent，该空作谓语。主语和need之间是被动关系，且该句介绍的客观事实，故该空要用一般现在时态。‎ ‎50. 考查名词。of是介词，后面接名词作宾语。of benefit意为“有益的”，相当于“beneficial”。‎ ‎2. 【广西柳州高级中学2017届高三二月份模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A field trip is a journey by a group of people to a place away from ___41___（they）normal environment.‎ The purpose of the trip is usually observation for ___42___(educate), non-experimental research or to provide students with experiences outside their everyday ___43___(activity), such as going ___44___(camp) with their teachers and classmates. The aim of this research is to observe the subject in its natural state and ___45___(possible) collect samples(标本). In western culture people first come across this method during school years ____46____classes are taken on school trips to visit a geographical feature of the landscape. Much of the early research into the natural sciences ___47___(be) of this form. Charles Darwin is considered to be ___48___important example of someone who has contributed ____49____science through the use of field trips.‎ ‎____50____(reduce) risks and expenses, most school systems now have set up field trip procedures that consider the entire trip from estimation, approval to scheduling.‎ ‎【答案】41. their ‎ ‎42. education ‎ ‎43. activities 44. camping 45. possibly 46. when 47. was 48. an 49. to ‎ ‎50. To reduce ‎【解析】本文介绍了实地考察，这种旅行的目的通常是观察教育，而非实验性研究或向学生提供一些课外活动的经验，而是让学生观察在自然状态下的事物和收集标本。‎ ‎41. their 形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填their。‎ ‎42. education 此行的目的通常是观察教育。这里作宾语，故用名词形式，填education。‎ ‎43. activities 这里表示“他们日常活动之外的”。根据句意可知，用名词复数形式，故填activities。‎ ‎44. camping 固定搭配：go camping去野营，故填camping。‎ ‎45. possibly 副词修饰动词，故填possibly。‎ ‎46. when 此处是years作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。‎ ‎47. was 此处much是句子的主语，谓语动词应该用单数形式，根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填was。‎ ‎48. an 表示“一个重要的例子”。important以元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎49. to 固定词组：contribute to有助于……，故填to。‎ ‎50. To reduce 句意：为了减少冒险和费用。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故填To reduce。注意大写开头。‎ ‎3.【河南省新乡市第一中学2017届高三】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ How do native speakers truly feel when speaking with non-native English speakers? It seems that___41___(break) English annoys them. However, they keep being really nice when speaking with non-native speakers. I wonder how they really feel when doing so.‎ ‎ I think it would depend___42___the native English speakers. Some people are just___43___(easy) annoyed.‎ Personally, I study Spanish. When I hear someone___44___(attempt) English, I am patient with them because I know___45___difficult it is to talk in a non-native tongue. I also know English is very difficult___46___(learn), and that increases my respect for their efforts. I’m a patient person by nature.‎ The situation matters too. If I were waiting___47___(table) on a super crowded day and really___48___(need) to do about a dozen different things, I might become upset at having to wait for someone to struggle while ordering his meal.‎ There also exists the___49___(possible) that what is considered as annoyance is not truly annoyance. I might frown (皱眉) while listening to a non-native speaker, ____50____that would be because I am concentrating and listening hard to understand him. It wouldn’t mean I’m at all annoyed.‎ ‎【答案】41. broken ‎ ‎42. on/upon 43. easily ‎ ‎44. attempting 45. how 46. to learn 47. tables 48. needed ‎ ‎49. possibility 50. but ‎【解析】整体分析：本文讲述了作者对说外语的人的理解和同情。‎ ‎41. 考查过去分词。broken English“蹩脚英语；很烂的英语”。句意：似乎蹩脚的英语令他们感到烦恼。‎ ‎42. 考查介词。depend on/upon“依赖；取决于”。句意：我认为这取决于以英语为母语的人。‎ ‎43. 考查副词。修饰形容词annoyed应使用副词。句意：有些人就是容易生气恼怒。‎ ‎44. 考查动名词。hear sb. doing sth.听到某人在做某事。句意：听到某人在尝试讲英语时。‎ ‎45. 考查副词。句意：当我听到有人在尝试英语时，我对他们很有耐心，因为我知道用非母语交谈是多么困难。how difficult多么困难。‎ ‎46. 考查动词不定式。be difficult to do sth.做某事困难。句意：我知道学习英语很困难。‎ ‎47. 考查名词复数。wait tables“伺候进餐”。句意：如果在餐馆特别拥挤的日子里招待客人。‎ ‎48. 考查动词时态。“If I were waiting tables on a super crowded day and really needed ( need) to do about a dozen different things, I might become upset at having to wait for someone to struggle while ordering his meal.” 如果在餐馆特别拥挤的日子里招待客人，并且真需要处理多个不同的事情，我可能对等着某人挤着点菜这种情况感到心烦意乱。根据and前用were，故这里也用过去时needed。‎ ‎49. 考查名词。There exists the possibility that+(同位语从句)。句意：还有被认为是烦恼的可能性并不是真正的烦恼。前面有定冠词the修饰，而且作主语，故用名词。‎ ‎50. 考查逻辑关系理解。句意为：听非本族语人说话时，我可能紧皱着眉头，但那会是因为我在聚精会神地极力去听懂他，我根本不是生气，我不会有那个意思。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 语法填空对词汇变形的考查很多，一般在4—5个左右，因此，记住词的不同形式尤为重要。要填出正确的词形，需要断定本词在句子做的成分，根据成分写成正确词形。例如：It seems that___1___(break)‎ ‎ English annoys them.修饰English需用形容词修饰，故把break改成broken。‎ ‎4.【甘肃省天水市、兰州市2017届高三下学期一模】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Mandarin(普通话) Chinese is the most___41___(use) non-European language for children to learn, UK parents believe. It will boost (促进) their children’s career prospects (前景), according to 51% of parents, while 56% felt it would open their children’s minds___42___an “exciting and dynamic” culture. Arabic and Japanese, ___43___were both picked by 14% of parents, were the other key non-European languages. The figures were gained after 1,138 UK adults with children aged under 18 ___44___ (be) questioned in a survey___45___(conduct) by the Mandarin Excellence Programme (MEP).‎ French, Spanish and German were the top choices overall for young people in the UK___46___(learn) after being picked by 57%, 54% and 40% of parents respectively.‎ Mark Herbet, of the British Council, said: “With the global economy___47___(become) more interconnected and the drive to boost exports, language skills are increasingly important for work and life. Mandarin Chinese is one of the___48___(language) that matter most to the UK’s future prosperity (繁荣). If the UK is to remain competitive on the world stage, we need far more of our young people leaving school with a good grasp of Mandarin in order to___49___(success) work abroad or for businesses here in the UK. Learning Mandarin is also a fascinating process that brings____50____valuable understanding of Chinese culture.”‎ The MEP aims to help at least 5,000 young people in England to speak fluent Mandarin Chinese by 2020.‎ ‎【答案】41. useful 42. to 43. which 44. were ‎ ‎45. conducted 46. to learn ‎ ‎47. becoming ‎ ‎48. languages ‎ ‎49. successfully 50. a ‎【解析】随着经济的发展，普通话在全球范围内越来越重要。文章以英国为例说明了学习普通话的人越来越多。‎ ‎41. useful 考查形容词。此处是形容词作定语修饰名词，句意：普通话是最有用的非欧洲语言。‎ ‎42. to 考查介词。此处介词to的意思为“到，去”。句意：百分之五十六的家长感觉这将打开孩子的思想到一个有趣的、活跃的文化中。‎ ‎43. which 考查引导词。___3___were both picked by 14% of parents.本句在整个句子中是一个定语从句，非限定性定语从句用which指代前面的事物，注意这里不能用who，Arabic and Japanese指的是“阿拉伯语和汉语”，故用which才正确。‎ ‎44. were 考查be动词。本句中after后为一个从句，在从句中是被动语态且主语为复数，根据前面用过去时，故此处也用一般过去时，故用were。‎ ‎45. conducted 考查非谓语动词。此处动词为非谓语，与逻辑主语survey之间是被动的关系，故用conducted。‎ ‎48. languages 考查名词。在短语one of...中后面的名词用复数形式。‎ ‎49. successfully 考查副词。此处为副词修饰动词。‎ ‎50. a 考查冠词。横线处后面为可数名词，此处用不定冠词来修饰名词，表示泛指。故用a。‎ ‎5. 【山东省淄博市2017届高三第一次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）包括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Tayeb is studying literature at Beijing Language and Culture University.” ___41___ (celebrate) the Spring Festival in China makes me love China even more,” she said.‎ On Tuesday, Tayeb’s university organized an event ___42___ foreign students could try their hands at making dumplings, a traditional food ___43___ (eat) during the festival. Tayeb said she liked this aspect of the festival most.‎ ‎___44___dumplings, Chinese New Year is also a time for temple fairs, red lanterns, paper-cuts, blessings of good fortune and ancestor worship.‎ Bayomy, ___45___ Egyptian student at the same university, said she ___46___ (plan) to visit a temple fair in Chaoyang Park on Sunday. She was___47___ (deep) impressed with the Spring Festival in 2014. She remembered how her classmate’s father left out plates of food for their families’ ancestors.‎ Like Chinese, many foreigners put couplets (对联), Chinese characters wishing for good fortune on their front doors.‎ Marie, a British ___48___ (translate) In Beijing, ___49___ (send) a couplet by her Chinese friend on Thursday. She stuck them on the floor of her apartment, took a photo of herself standing in front of it, and shared it with her parents in Britain.” These couplets are an ____50____ (express) of hope for the future and contain the Chinese spirit of ‘harmony’, “said Marie.‎ ‎【答案】41. Celebrating 42. where 43. eaten 44. Besides 45. an 46. planned 47. deeply ‎ ‎48. translator 49. was sent ‎ ‎50. expression ‎【解析】本文主要讲述了外国留学生在中国过春节的经历以及他们对中国春节的印象和看法。‎ ‎41. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国庆祝春节让我更喜欢中国。“celebrating the Spring Festival in China”是动名词做主语，做主语用动名词形式，表示泛指的抽象的动作。故填celebrating。‎ ‎42. 考查定语从句。___2___foreign students could try their hands at making dumplings是定语从句，修饰an event，分析从句成分可知，关系词在从句中作抽象地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。‎ ‎43. 考查非谓语动词。eat作定语修饰food，与food是被动关系，过去分词作定语表示被动关系。故填eaten。‎ ‎44. 考查连词。句意：除了饺子，中国的春节也是一个赶庙会、挂红灯、贴剪纸，送祝福和祭拜祖先的时候。besides“除……之外（还有）”，置句首首字母大写。故填Besides。‎ ‎45. 考查冠词。___5___ Egyptian student at the same university是Bayomy的同位语，此处泛指“一个埃及学生”，Egyptian以元音因素开头。故填an。‎ ‎46. 考查动词的时态。句意：她计划星期天去朝阳公园赶庙会。由said可知，主句是一般过去时，根据主从句时态一致原则，从句也使用一般过去时。故填planned。‎ ‎47. 考查副词。deeply修饰动词depressed，修饰动词用副词作状语。故填deeply。‎ ‎48. 考查名词。a British ___8___ (translate) In Beijing是Marie的同位语，解释说明Marie是一个在北京的英国翻译家。故填translator。‎ ‎49. 考查动词的被动语态。句意：Marie，一个在北京的英国翻译家，星期二时她的中国朋友寄给她一副对联。send与主语Marie是被动关系，由时间状语on Thursday可知，句子描述过发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数。故填was sent。‎ ‎50. 考查名词。句意：这些对联表达了对未来的希望，包含着中国精神“和谐”。冠词修饰名词。故填expressions。‎ ‎【名师点睛】学生做语法填空试题，当设空给出动词原形时，一般会考查动词的时态，动词的被动语态形式或考查非谓语动词用法。本文中分别考查了一般过去时planned；一般过去时的被动语态was sent。对于动词的考查，学生在平时的学生中，应该学会积累做题经验，这样的试题可以分三步完成：第一步：分析句子结构，确定句子是否缺乏谓语动词。第二步：看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，确定用主动还是被动语态，同时注意根据语境考虑时态；第三步：要注意主谓一致。‎ 短文改错 ‎1. 【安徽省合肥市2017年高三下学期第一次教学质量检测】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改短文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I still remember the first day I come to this new school. Everything was new to me, what made me realize I was no longer a small child. I had to depend on me. Luckily, I made several good friend. Their interests were similar with mine. I had great English teacher, Maggie. She let me know the important of English. So I decided to learn English hardly. Although it was very difficult at first, but with the help of my teacher, I made rapidly progress. Just as the old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”‎ ‎【答案】1. come→came；2. what→which；3. me→myself；4. friend→friends；5. with→to；6. had后面加a；7. important→importance；8. hardly→hard；9. 去掉but；10. rapidly→rapid ‎【解析】第一处：考查时态。作者回忆了来到新学校第一天的情景。该文介绍的发生在过去的事情，故要将come改为came。‎ 第二处：考查定语从句。“... made me realize I was no longer a small child”是非限制性定语从句，要用which在从句中作主语，代指前面一句话Everything was new to me。what不能代指前面一句话，故把what改为which。‎ 第三处：考查代词。该句主语为“I”，句意为“我必须依靠我自己”，主语和宾语一样，故要将me改为反身代词myself。‎ 第四处：考查名词。friend是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故要用名词复数形式。‎ 第五处：考查介词。be similar to意为“和……相似”，是固定搭配。‎ 第六处：考查冠词。teacher是可数名词，该处指“我”有一个好老师——Maggie，故要在had和great之间加a。‎ 第七处：考查名词。the是定冠词，后面要接名词。the importance of English意为“英语的重要性”。‎ ‎【名师点睛】名词是短文改错中一个常见考点。围绕名词，可以对冠词，形容词等进行考查。例如：在该文中，several good friend，had great English teacher, Maggie，the important of English，made rapidly progress，分别考查了可数名词复数，单数可数名词前加不定冠词，冠词后加名词，形容词修饰名词这几个考点。所以，在平时的学习中，学生要注重对名词词性、词义的理解和掌握。‎ ‎2. 【广西柳州高级中学2017届高三二月份模拟】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词;‎ ‎ 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ As the saying goes, time is money. But in my opinion, time is even precious than money. Why? Because when money is spent, we still have a chance to earn them back. But when time is wasting, we can never get it back. There is some doubt that time is very limited, and even a minute is of great valuable. We should make full use of time to do that should be done. It’s the pity that a lot of people still didn’t appreciate the value of time. They are wasting their time doing nothing of useful. We should form the good habit of race against time and make a difference in our world.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】试题分析：本文讲述了时间比金钱还贵，我们要珍惜时间。‎ ‎1.even后加more 根据than可知，用比较级，故在even后加more。‎ ‎2.them→it 因为money是不可数名词，故把后面的them改为it。‎ ‎3.wasting→wasted 句意：当时间被浪费的时候。时间是被浪费，故要用被动语态，故把wasting改为wasted。‎ ‎4.some→no 固定句式：There is no doubt that…毫无疑问……。故把some改为no。‎ ‎5.valuable→value 因为great修饰名词，故把valuable改为value。‎ ‎6.that→what 句意：我们应该充分利用时间做应该做的事。因为do后面的宾语从句中，引导词在从句中作宾语，根据句意，故把that改为what。‎ ‎7.the→a 固定句式：It is a pity that…做……是可惜的，故把the改为a。‎ ‎8.didn’t→don’t 句意：很可惜许多人仍然不珍惜时间。表示客观事实用一般现在时态，故把didn’t改为don’t。‎ ‎9.去掉of 表示“做无用的事情”用do nothing useful，of是多余的，修饰不定代词something、nothing等要放在不定代词后面，故去掉of。‎ ‎10.race→racing 固定结构：form the good habit of doing sth.养成做某事的习惯，故把race改为racing。‎ 考点：考查短文改错 ‎3. 【河南省新乡市第一中学2017届高三】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ ‎ May I have you attention, please? I had something important to tell you. Our school will organize a visit the National Museum of China on Saturday morning, December 10. The National Museum of China, where lies to the east of Tiananmen Square, covers an area of about 70,000 square metre. We will gather at a school gate and starting out at 7:30 in the morning. Our visit starts at 8 o’ clock but it will last three hours. Please take up your notebooks and pens with you. In addition, during the visit, please keep quietly.‎ Do remember: 7:30, Saturday morning and the school gate. That’s all. Thank you.‎ ‎【答案】1. attention 前的you→your 2. had→have 3. visit 后加to 4. where→which 5. metre→metres 6. school前的a→the 7. starting→start 8. but→and 9. take后的up去掉 10. quietly→quiet ‎【解析】本文是一则通知，讲述学校组织的星期六早上去国家博物馆参观的事宜。‎ ‎51. 考查形容词性物主代词。修饰名词attention应使用形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎52. 考查谓语动词时态。文章中使用一般现在时，故应将一般过去时had改为have。‎ ‎53. 考查介词。到达某地应使用介词to。‎ ‎54. 考查定语从句。关系词在从句中充当主语，代指the National Museum，故应将where改为which。‎ ‎55. 考查名词复数。前面有数字70,000，故metre要用复数。‎ ‎56. 考查冠词。school gate为特指，故将不定冠词a改为定冠词the。‎ ‎57. 考查谓语动词。and连接两个并列结构，前一句用将来时，故start也要用将来时，故将starting改为start。‎ ‎58. 考查连词。根据句意，前后为并列结构，故将but改为and。‎ ‎59. 考查谓语动词。take something带上某物。故将up去掉。句意：请带上你的笔记本和笔。‎ ‎60. 考查形容词。keep+adj.意为“保持某种状态”。故将副词quietly改为quiet。‎ ‎4. 【山东省淄博市2017届高三第一次模拟】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划线一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ My new friend Tom is good at English writing. One day. I asked him how he did such well in written English. He told me that he has a habit of keep a diary every day. “You can try them, too I’m sure you will improve your written English quickly in this way.” He said. I thought Tom was right, but I decided to follow his advices. I started to write down something interested every day. Sometimes when I didn’t know how to spell a word, I would look it up in a dictionary. When I didn’t know how to write a sentence correct, I would ask my teacher for the help. My written English has really improved a lot because that.‎ ‎【答案】My friend Tom is good at writing English. One day, I asked him how he did such well in ‎ so written English. he told me he has a habit of keep a diary every day. “You can try them, too.‎ ‎ had keeping it I’m sure you will improve your written English quickly in this way,” he said. I thought Tom was Right, but I decided to follow his advices. I started to write down something interested every day.‎ ‎ so/ and advice interesting sometimes when I didn’t know how to spell a word, I would look it up in a dictionary. When I ‎ didn’t know how to write a sentence correct, I would ask my teacher for the help. My written ‎ ‎ correctly English has really improved a lot because Λthat.‎ ‎ of 考查代词。根据语境可知，此处指代上文提到的“记日记的习惯”，habit是单数，用代词it。故them改为it。‎ 考查连词。句意：我认为Tom是对的，于是我决定听从他的建议。前后文是并列关系或者因果关系，不是转折关系。故but改为so/and。‎ 考查名词。advice“建议”是不可数名词。故advices改为advice。‎ 考查形容词。现在分词变化来的形容词表示被修饰语的特征；过去分词变化来的形容词表示被修饰语的感受。interesting作后置定语修饰something，说明事物的特征。故interested改为interesting。‎ 考查副词。修饰动词用副词作状语，修饰动词write用副词correctly。故correct改为correctly。‎ 考查冠词。ask sb. for help表示“向某人寻求帮助”，help是不可数名词，根据语境可知，此处表示泛指。故去掉定冠词the。‎ 考查介词。because是连词，连接句子。because of跟名词作宾语。故because后加of。‎ ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词是短文改错考查的重难点。其考查主要涉及动词与非谓语动词的混用，不定式符号的有无，介词后是否用动名词等等。例如：‎ 在该文中出现的a habit of keeping a diary就考查了介词后跟动名词的用法。对于非谓语动词的考查，考生应注意：‎ 纵观全文，明确句中动词是谓语还是非谓语。‎ 系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能。‎ 把握好句中动词所表示的主动，被动，时间上的完成与将来的确切意义。‎ ‎5. 【宁夏固原市第一中学2017届高三下学期第一次月考】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎      So glad that you are interested in my new flat. Now I would like tell you something about it. Locating in the north of the city, this Residential Center is small with only six building. My flat, which covers the area of 36 square meters, is in the fourth floor in Building 2. It consisted of a sitting room, a bedroom, a kitchen and a toilet. When you enter into the flat, you will find yourself in the sitting room. The sitting room is the part that I like best, because it is brightly with a lovely balcony, which I can enjoy the beautiful garden below. Although my flat is small, I like them very much because it is comfortable.‎ ‎       Best regards,‎ Yours,‎ ‎                                                                            Li Hua ‎【答案】在like∧ tell 之间加to； Locating--- Located；building.--- buildings ； the ---an；in---on；consisted --- consists；去掉 into ；brightly--- bright ； which--- where ； them ---it ‎【解析】本文为书信。作者在信中向朋友介绍了自己的新公寓大楼。‎ 第一处：在like∧ tell 之间加to；考查词组搭配。would like to do sth.想要做某事，为固定搭配。故在like∧ tell 之间加to。‎ ‎ 第二处：Locating改为 Located；考查非谓语动词。句子主语this Residential Center与动词locate为逻辑被动关系，应使用过去分词。故Locating改为 Located。‎ 第三处： building改为buildings ；考查名词单复数。根据building前的数词six可知，此处应使用building的复数形式。故 第四处： the改为an；考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处表泛指“一个36平方米的地方”，应使用不定冠词，且area为元音音素开头的词，应使用不定冠词an。故the改为an。‎ 第五处：in改为on；考查介词搭配。在第几层楼房上，用介词on。故in改为on。‎ 第六处：consisted改为consists；考查动词时态。根据语境可知，此处描述的是目前的客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故consisted改为consists 第七处：去掉 into；考查动词词性。enter进入，为及物动词。因此enter后的into多余。故去掉into。‎ 第八处：brightly改为 bright；考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，此处作表语，应使用形容词。故brightly改为 bright。‎ 第九处： which改为 where；考查定语从句连接词。分析句子成分可知，该定语从句中主谓宾句子成分齐全，先行词为a lovely balcony（可爱的阳台），由此可知，连词在 定语从句中充当地点状语，应使用关系副词。故which改为where。‎ 第十处：them改为it；考查代词指代。根据句意及because it is comfortable可知，此处代词指代my flat，应使用单数形式。故them改为it。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 短文改错主要考查同学们的基础知识，这就需要同学们在日常学习生活中，一定要加强基础积累。做题过程中，要用铅笔在试题上作答，因为我们很难一次性把所有需要修正的错误准确地找出来，这个过程中，自己的判断可能会有变化；铅笔作答，能够允许我们方便的修改自己的判断，又不给自己造成过多的干扰。同时，还要注意答题的规范性，如“在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词”“修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词”，如果你写在上面或把替换的词给划掉了，判分时，是不会给分数的。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ As is known to all, we live in a world of germs（细菌）. It is impossible to avoid exposure. Genetic makeups may give some people 61 advantage over others. However, it does not stop people 62 (become) sick.‎ All of us have been a victim of an 63 (ill) at some point in our lives. Moreover, it is likely that we 64 (get) sick again in the future. Our best chances of avoiding sickness 65 (be) by exercising and employing good 66 (habit).‎ While good hygiene and exercise serve as obvious advice to most people, eating healthily is not always obvious. If you cannot define ＂healthy＂, then your immune system will be happy 67 (tell) you. The immune system is the foundation of our health. It works for us every day to keep us well. Ask yourself: ＂Are you making its job easier 68 harder?＂‎ Like any system, the immune system is no 69 (difference). It has a tolerance too. If you eat unhealthily, your immune system will make you aware of it.‎ Take a step 70 the right direction by including some healthy food in your diet.‎ ‎【文章大意】人们生活中到处都是细菌，想要逃避它们是不可能的，那么如何避免受到有害细菌的感染呢？在本文中作者给出了一些建议。‎ ‎63. illness 考查词性转换。冠词an后面跟名词单数形式，故填illness。‎ ‎64. will get考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the future判断用将来时。‎ ‎65. are 考查主谓一致。主语是chances，谓语动词用复数形式，根据语境判断用一般现在时，故填are。‎ ‎66. habits 考查名词复数。habit是可数名词，此处用复数形式。‎ ‎67. to tell 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事。‎ ‎68. or 考查连词。根据语境判断此处表示选择关系，句意：你在让工作更容易还是更难呢？‎ ‎69. different 考查词性转换。系动词后面用形容词作表语，no与not同义，用于形容词和副词前面。‎ ‎70. in 考查介词。朝某个方向，介词用in。‎ ‎2. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Liz Murray, an American girl, is in her early twenties. Since she was born, she 61 (write) a real-life story of willpower and determination. Liz grew up in the shadow 62 two ‎ drug-addicted parents. Her mother died 63 Liz was just 15 years old. The effect of that loss became a turning point in her life. Connecting the environment in 64 she had grown up with how her mother had died, she decided to do something about it. Liz went back to school and threw herself into her 65 (study). At night, she lived on the streets. “What drove me to live on had something 66 (do) with understanding. By understanding that there was a whole other way of 67 (live), I had only experienced a small part of society,” she wrote in her book Breaking Night. She used the benefits that come 68 (easy) to others, such as a safe living environment, to encourage 69 (she) that “next to nothing could hold me down”. She finished high school in just two years and won a full scholarship to study at Harvard University. But Liz decided to leave her top university a couple of months 70 (early) this year in order to take care of her father, who has developed lung cancer.‎ ‎【文章大意】 Liz Murray，一位美国女孩，正在书写着一部真实生活中的意志力和决心的故事。尽管她在父母都对毒品上瘾的环境中长大，但是她决心在安全的环境中生活。她通过自己的努力考上了哈佛大学。但是为了患癌症的父亲，她还是决定早离校几个月来照顾他。‎ ‎61. has been writing 考查现在完成进行时的用法。since引导的时间状语从句对应的主句通常用现在完成时，“自出生以来，她一直在书写一部真实生活中的意志力和决心的故事”，表示动作从过去一直到现在，并且还在继续，应用现在完成时。所以本空的答案为has been writing。‎ ‎62. of 考查介词的用法。in the shadow of意思是“在……的阴影中”，本句的意思是“Liz生活在两个对毒品上瘾的父母的阴影中”，所以正确答案为of。‎ ‎63. when 考查连词的用法。“在她只有十五岁的时候她的妈妈去世了”，此处表示“当……的时候”，所以要用连词when。‎ ‎64. which 考查关系代词的用法。这里的which指代前面的the environment，和前面的介词in构成“介词+ 关系代词”，相当于where，用来引导定语从句，意思是“在她成长的环境中”。所以此空填which。‎ ‎65. studies 考查名词复数的用法。母亲去世后，她回到学校，让自己投入到“学习”中。表示各门功课的学习，所以名词study应该用复数形式，故填studies。‎ ‎66. to do 考查动词不定式的用法。have something to do with是固定搭配，意思是“与某事有关系”，所以此处填to do。‎ ‎67. living 考查动名词的用法。有另一种“生活”方式，这里live前面是介词of，of后面要用动名词形式，故填living。‎ ‎70. earlier 考查形容词比较级的用法。今年她决定早离校几个月，因为她要照顾患癌症的父亲，所以要用比较级形式，故填earlier。‎ ‎3. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Over the past five years, the Chinese government has been focusing on 41 （address）PM2.5, 42 is the most 43 (criticize) pollutant for public health. In 2012, the government issued stricter standards for ambient PM2.5 concentration, which went into44 (affect)in January 2016 and are comparable to standards45 (define) by the World Health Organization. The 46 (thirteen) Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) has set47 target of reducing PM2.5 concentration 48 18 percent. This is the first time PM2.5 targets49 (include) in a five-year plan. China is establishing the most extensive air monitoring system in the world,50 (cover) 338 cities nationwide.‎ http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/kindle/2016-12/07/content_27601927.htm ‎41. addressing 42. which 43. critical 44. effect 45. defined ‎ ‎46. 13th / thirteenth 47. the 48. by 49. have been included 50. covering ‎【文章大意】本文主要讲述了近几年中国致力于治理空气中的污染物PM2.5。‎ ‎41．aderessing 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国政府致力于治理PM 2.5。focus on doing sth意为“聚焦于/专注于做某事”。故填addressing。‎ ‎42．which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这是对于公众健康来说最该受批评的污染物。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词PM 2.5，指物，要用which引导，故填which。‎ ‎43．critical 考查形容词。句意：这是对于公众健康来说最该受批评的污染物。根据形容词修饰名词，criticize“批评”为动词，其形容词为：critical批评的，谴责的。故填critical。‎ ‎44． effect 考查名词。句意：这于2016年开始生效。go into effect为固定短语，意为“(法律、决议等)被实施；生效”，故填effect。‎ ‎45．defined 考查非谓语动词。句意：这可与世界卫生组织定义的标准相媲美。根据句意和句中所少的成分，确定此空作定语，又因define与the World Health Organization之间为被动关系 ‎，所以要用过去分词形式，故填defined。‎ ‎46．13th / thirteenth 考查序数词。此空表示：第十三个五年计划，应该用序数词。故填13th / thirteenth。‎ ‎47． the 考查冠词。句意：第十三个五年计划已经确立了要把PM 2.5降低18%的目标，根据句意可知这里是特指，故填the。‎ ‎48． by 考查介词。句意：第十三个五年计划已经确立了要把PM 2.5降低18%的目标，表示降低的程度要用介词by。故填by。‎ ‎49．have been included 考查动词时态和语态。固定句型：This is the first time...后面的从句要用现在完成时，又因PM 2.5与include之间为被动关系，因此要用现在完成时的被动语态形式，故填have been included ‎50． covering 考查非谓语动词。逗号前是一个简单句，因此此空应该是非谓语，由句意“中国已经确立了在世界上最广泛的检测系统，涉及全国338个城市”确定这里为主动关系，要用现在分词形式。故填covering。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1. 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Dear Jack,‎ I’m sorry to hear that you feel lonely in the new school, because you find hard to make friends. Now, I’d like to offer you any advice. ‎ Firstly, it’s normal for you to feel lonely because you were living in a new environment. Secondly, you should greet your classmates when met them on campus. Thirdly, it will be a good idea if you take an actively part in class activities, what can help them learn more about you. I believe you will be able to make new friends soon unless you’re friendly to the others.‎ I hope the suggestion above will be helpful to you and everything will be fine with you for the future.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 答案：‎ Dear Jack,‎ I’m sorry to hear that you feel lonely in the new school, because you find hard to make friends. Now, I’d like to offer you advice. ‎ Firstly, it’s normal for you to feel lonely because you living in a new environment. ‎ Secondly, you should greet your classmates when them on campus. Thirdly, it will be a good idea if you take an part in class activities, can help them learn more about you. I believe you will be able to make new friends soon you’re friendly to others.‎ I hope the above will be helpful to you and everything will be fine with you the future.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇书信类应用文，文中列出了一些如何适应新环境的建议。‎ 第一处：在find后面加it 考查it用法。固定句型：find +it +形容词+to do sth，it是形式宾语，用来代替后面的不定式。‎ 第二处： any →some 考查不定代词。在肯定句中用some表示＂一些＂。‎ 第三处：were →are 考查动词时态。根据语境判断此处指现在的状况，用一般现在时。‎ 第四处：met →meeting 考查非谓语动词。meet和句子主语是主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ 第五处：actively →active考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故填active。‎ 第六处：what →‎ which考查定语从句的关系词。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，指代activities，用关系代词which。‎ 第七处：unless→if 考查连词。根据句意可知，此处指＂如果＂。‎ 第八处：去掉the 考查冠词。此处是泛指概念 ＂其他人、别人＂，用others。the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部。‎ 第九处：suggestion→suggestions 考查名词单复数。根据上文可知，文中列出了多条建议，故用名词复数形式。‎ 第十处：for→in 考查介词。固定短语：in the future＂在将来＂。‎ ‎2. 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ ‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ My favorite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed,” which mean that true friends always come to you when you’re in trouble. Last term, my father met with a traffic accident, but his right leg got injured seriously. Consequently, he received the operation and I had to look after him in the hospital. Learned about this, Li Lei was offered to take care of my father without hesitation and helped me make up for my missing lessons. Thank to his help and inspiration, I went through the difficult period and regain confidence. However, a true friend always spares no effort help you when you are in trouble. We all should try to make so good friends.‎ 解析： ‎ My favorite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed,” which mean that true friends always come to you ‎ ‎ means when you’re in trouble. Last term, my father met with a traffic accident, but his right leg got ‎ injured seriously. ‎ ‎ and Consequently, he received the operation and I had to look after him in the hospital. Learned about this, Li Lei was ‎ ‎ an Learning offered to take care of my father without hesitation and helped me make up for my missing lessons. Thank to his ‎ ‎ Thanks help and inspiration, I went through the difficult period and regain confidence. However, a true friend always ‎ ‎ regained Therefore spares no effort ∧ help you when you are in trouble. We all should try to make so good friends.‎ ‎ to such 第一处：mean→means 考查动词的第三人称单数的用法。which引导定语从句，which在从句中作主语，指代先行词“A friend in need is a friend indeed”，谓语动词用单数，并且句子是一般现在时，所以mean要用第三人称单数形式，故将mean改为means。‎ 第二处：but→and 考查并列连词的用法。前面说到“我父亲偶遇车祸”，后面提到“他的右腿受伤严重”，所以前后应该是递进关系，而不是转折关系，故将but改为and。‎ 第三处：the→an 考查冠词的用法。因为“我父亲腿部受伤”，所以接受了一个手术。第一次提到手术，要用an，不能用定冠词the，故将the改为an。‎ 第四处：Learned→Leaning 考查分词的用法。本句中句子的主语应该是后面的Li Lei，和learn为主动关系，所以应该使用learn的主动形式，也就是说要用现在分词，而不是过去分词。故将Learned改为Learning。‎ 第六处：Thank→Thanks 考查固定搭配。thanks to是固定搭配，所以要在Thank后面加上s，故将Thank改为Thanks。‎ 第七处：regain→regained 考查动词时态的用法。这里regain应该和前面的went ‎ through并列，所以regain应该用过去式，故将regain改为regained。‎ 第八处：However→Therefore 考查副词的用法。此处是承接、总结前面的话，所以前后应该是因果关系，故将However改为Therefore。‎ 第九处：在help前加to 考查动词不定式的用法。spare no effort to do是固定短语，意思是“不遗余力做某事”，这里表示目的，所以要在help之前加上to。‎ 第十处：so→such so修饰形容词或副词。such修饰单数或复数名词。friends是名词，所以应该用such修饰。故将so改为such。‎ ‎3. As I entered into a town I saw a little kid carry a lighted candle in his hands. I asked him, “Can you tell me the source from what light came?” The boy laughed and blow out the candle and said, “You have seen light go? Can you tell me where it had gone? ”‎ The boy continued, “OK, I would tell you it had returned to the source.” This destroyed my ego and that moment I felt how stupidly I was. And since then he just dropped all my knowledge ability. I had not master but this doesn’t means I was not a disciple. I accepted this whole universe, whole existence as my master.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎51.into 去掉 52.carry→carrying 53. what→which 54.blow→blew ‎ ‎55.would→will 56.that 前加at 57.stupidly→stupid 58.he→I ‎ ‎59.not→no 60.means→mean 解析 ‎51. 第一处：into 去掉 考査动词。enter为及物动词，意为“进入”，=come into，故把into去掉。‎ ‎52. 第二处：carry→carrying 考査非谓语动词。see sb do sth 看见某人做过某事，see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事，句意：当我走进一个小镇时看到一个小孩儿手里拿着一支点燃的蜡烛，表示正拿着，故把carry改为carrying。‎ ‎53. 第三处：what→which 考査定语从句。句意：你能告诉我光亮是从哪里来的吗？这是一个定语从句，先行词为the source，指物，又因前面有介词from，所以这里要用which，故把what改为which。‎ ‎54. 第四处：blow→blew 考查时态。句意：男孩大笑，吹灭了蜡烛说。and连接的并列谓语形式要保持一致，所以blow也用过去式，故把blow改为blew。‎ ‎55. 第五处：would→will 考査动词时态。句意：好吧，我告诉你它回到了来的地方。本句是一个直接引语，不应该用过去将来时，而要用一般将来时，故把would改为will。‎ ‎56. 第六处：that 前加at 考査介词。句意：在那时我感到我是多么的愚蠢啊。at that moment“在那时”为固定短语，故在that 前加at。‎ ‎57. 第七处：stupidly→stupid 考査形容词副词。be后跟形容词构成系表结构，这是一个感叹句作宾语，所以应该用形容词，故把stupidly改为stupid。‎ ‎58. 第八处：he→I 考査人称代词。句意：从那时起，我放下了自己所有的小聪明，故把he改为I 。‎ ‎59. 第九处：not→no 考査形容词。句意：我没有老师，但这不代表我没有在学习。根据no修饰单数名词表示否定而not用于谓语和非谓语的否定，故把not改为no。‎ ‎60. 第十处：means→mean 考査动词。句意：我没有老师，但这不代表我没有在学习。这是一个否定句，doesn’t后要用动词原形，故把means改为mean。‎ 考点：介；代词；连词；不定代词；形容词副词；非谓语；动词单复数固定搭配；时态 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1. The teacher would take your school performance into when giving you an assessment.‎ ‎ A．concern B．account C．imagination D．thought ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：当给你评价的时候，老师会把你的学校表现考虑进去。A项意思为“关心”，B项意思为“考虑”，C项意思为“想象”，D项意思为“思考”。所以选择B。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎2. If you believe in the art of _________, you’ll find a solution that satisfies everybody.‎ A. command B. compromise C. competence D. commitment ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：如果你信得过妥协的艺术，你将找到一个使所有人都满意的方案。A. command命令；B. compromise妥协，让步；C. competence能力，胜任；权限；技能；D. commitment承诺，奉献，投入。the art of compromise妥协的艺术，故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查名词辨析 ‎3. It’s supposed to be the end of the paperback(简装书) and the ______ of digital media, but some bookstores are surviving the Internet Age with surprising success.‎ ‎ A. deadline B. dawn C. dusk D. departure ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查名词的辨析。句意：这本该是平装书本的终结之时，数字媒体时代的到来之际。但是有些实体书店却在互联网时代中生存了下来，意外地获得了成功。A项表示＂截止日期＂；B项表示＂黎明，破晓；开端＂；C项表示＂黄昏＂；D项表示＂离开＂。此处使用的是＂dawn＂一词的引申含义＂开端，出现，到来＂，故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查名词 ‎4. Chinese president Xi Jinpin said that China attaches great importance to ______ relations with the United Kingdom, and that deepening the China-U.K. relationship is the fundamental______ of both countries and people.‎ ‎ A. strengthening; benefits B. extending; profits ‎ C. expanding; interests D. developing; aspects ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查动词和名词 ‎5.Employees who have worked here for many years will be given _______ over newcomers.‎ A. strength B. preference C. sympathy D. reference ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：与新来乍到者不同，那些工作多年的雇员将被予以优待。preference“优待，优惠，优先权”。strength力量，长处；sympathy同情；reference涉及，参考。故选B项。‎ 考点：名词辨析 ‎6. On the We-chat, travelers always mix their feelings about their trips with descriptions of their experiences, offering viewers a(n) ______ for the imagination. I often feel as if I am actually traveling along with the writers.‎ ‎ A. account B. feast C. landscape D. principle ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查名词用法 句意：微信上那些旅行家们经常将他们旅行的感受和经历融合在一起，给读者们提供了丰富的想象。我常觉得好像真的和作家一起在旅行。A项表示“描绘”；B项是“盛宴”；C项表示“‎ 景观”；D项是“原则”之意，故选B项适合。‎ ‎【考点】考查名词 ‎7. The witness’s story gained _______ with the police after more evidence was found.‎ A. respect B. support C. credit D. comfort ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：更多的证据被发现后，目击者所陈述的内容赢得了警方的信任。credit “信任，保证”。 respect尊敬；support支持；comfort安慰。故选C项。‎ 考点：名词辨析 ‎8.To regard all things and principles of things as inconstant modes or fashions has more and more become the ______ of modern thought.‎ A. insight B. foundation C. tendency D. core ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：将所有事物和事物的原则统统归结为经常变化着的形态或风尚， 这已日益成为近代思想的一个趋势。A项表示“洞察力，深刻见解”；B项表示“根基”；C项表示“趋势”；D项是“核心”之意，故选C项适合。‎ ‎【考点】考查名词 ‎9. -- Do you know why Mary was so angry?‎ ‎ -- Her roommate opened the letter addressed to her out of____________.‎ ‎ A. convenience B. consideration ‎ C. concern D. curiosity ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--你知道玛丽Jane为什么生气吗？--她的室友出于好奇心打开了写给她的信。A. Convenience方便，B. consideration考虑，C. concern关心，D. curiosity好奇心，故选D。‎ 考点: 考查名词辨析 ‎10. There is no denying that honesty will not go out of . Although dishonesty seems so common in recent years.‎ ‎ A. shape B. order C. balance D. style ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：无可否认的是，诚实将不会过时，虽然不诚实似乎在最近几年很普遍。A. shape形状，B. order命令，顺序，C. balance平衡，D. style风格，go out of style过时，所以选D。‎ 考点: 考查名词辨析 ‎11. While many people see their cars as an _______ of their individual freedom, to me, owning a car is a burden, and living in the city is a double burden.‎ A. existence B. extension C. explanation D. expectation ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：许多人把他们的私家车当作是个人自由的延伸，我却把拥有私家车当成负担，而住在城市是双重负担。existence存在；extension伸展，延伸；explanation解释；expectation期待。由句意可知B正确。‎ 考点：名词辨析 ‎12. To be an excellent lecturer, you must be a clear speaker, with a strong and pleasing voice that is fully under your _______.‎ A. hand B. influence C. control D. authority ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：要想当一位出色的演讲者，你必须口齿清晰，声音洪亮、悦耳，使之完全在你的掌控之下。under the control of “处于控制之下，在掌控之中”。A项无此搭配；under the influence of“在……的影响下”； under the influence of “经……批准（授权）”。因此选C项。‎ 考点：名词辨析 ‎13. Tom asked me to make a _____ if I was serious about our relationship.‎ ‎ A. communication B. compromise C. commitment D. comprehension ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：Tom要求我作出承诺如果我对我们之间的关系严肃的话。A项表示“交流”；B项是“妥协，折衷，让步”的意思；C项是“承诺，奉献”而D项是“理解”；故选C项适合。‎ 考点: 考查名词辨析 ‎14. One hundred percent _______ to your studies, though it can be lonely and no fun at all, will leave precious marks on your youth.‎ ‎ A. attention B. commitment C. reference D. reaction ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：百分百的致力于你的学习，尽管它可能会使你感到孤独和根本没有乐趣，但是它会在你的少年时期留下珍贵的印记。Commitment致力；attention注意力；reference参考；reaction反应，选B。‎ 考点：考查词义辨析 ‎15．Don’t try to persuade my parents；they won’t have the of forgiving me．‎ ‎ A．intention B．attention C．sense D．attraction ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意：不要设法说服我的父母；他们没有原谅我的倾向。此处intention意为：倾向。根据意思可知此处选A。‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析。‎ ‎16．She expressed ________to the teachers for helping her pass the College Entrance Examination.‎ A.passion B.affection C. devotion D.gratitude ‎【答案】D 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎17．Our government should shoulder the social ___________ to help people live a comfortable life.‎ ‎ A．possiblity B．attention C．responsibility D．attraction ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意：我们的政府应该肩负起帮助人们过上小康生活的责任。此处responsibility意为：责任。根据意思可知此处选C。‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析。‎ ‎18．—How long did David work here?‎ ‎ —For half a year, he didn't leave much_______on us.‎ A. expression B. instruction C . conclusion D. impression ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词辨析。句意：--大卫在这里工作了多久？--半年，他没有给我们留下太深的印象。leave an impression on sb给某人留下印象。A表情；B指示，说明；C结论；D印象。故选D。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎19.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his ________.‎ A.ability B.force ‎ C.strength D.mind  ‎20.Before the final examination,many students have shown ‎ of tension.Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite(胃口).‎ A.anxiety B.marks C.signs D.remarks ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】sign表示“某种性质、状态的迹象，现象”；mark指能看得见的“痕迹，印记”；‎ anxiety和tension是同义词；remark为“评论，话语”。句意为：在期末考试前，许多学生表现出紧张的迹象，失眠并且没有胃口。此题考查在具体的上下文中名词的运用。‎ ‎21.Jason has been preparing carefully for his English examination so that he could be sure of passing it at his first_________ .‎ A.purpose B.desire C.attempt D.intention ‎22.He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his________ was seen at its best when he worked with others. A.temper B.appearance ‎ C.talent D.character ‎23.It is said that dogs will keep you______for a8 long as you want when you are feeling lonely。‎ A．safety B．company C．house D ．friend ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：据说你在孤独的时候狗会陪伴在你身旁。keep you company意为“如影随形”。 ‎ ‎ ‎