2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4AstronomyTheScienceoftheStars单元学案

2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4AstronomyTheScienceoftheStars单元学案

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: The Science of the Stars单元学案 ‎1．了解宇宙科学、地球生命的起源，了解万有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文学知识，培养学生对科学的兴趣，激发学生探求科学的热情。‎ ‎2．了解作者的写作特点，培养创造性思维，开拓广阔的想象空间。 ‎ Do hens lay eggs first or eggs give birth to chicks first? Who exist earlier on earth? It's a puzzle of biology. No physicist would cheer up at the problem. Are you interested in astronomy or solar system? Do you believe in the theory of Big Bang? Will violent Big Bang break out? What prevents us from taking in more oxygen? People believing in religion won't believe there is harmful acid in the atmosphere. Unlike them, we know that there are billions of atoms which are fundamental to the globe. Thus, they gather to be masses of living things. They will multiply in time when the climate is suitable. Without gravity, satellite and floating spaceship will crash. Now that we have so many puzzles, we should watch out for the surroundings around us. ‎ ‎1. in time 及时；终于 ‎ ‎2. lay eggs 下蛋 ‎ ‎3. exist vi. 存在；生存 ‎ ‎4. give birth to 产生；分娩 ‎5. in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 ‎ ‎6. prevent...from 阻止；制止 ‎ ‎7. break out 突发；爆发 ‎ ‎8. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防 ‎ ‎1. 和他们不同的是，我们知道有无数对地球至关重要的原子。‎ Unlike them, we know that there are billions of atoms which are fundamental to the globe.‎ ‎2. 既然我们有那么多的疑惑，那么就让我们关注周围的环境吧。‎ Now that we have so many puzzles, we should watch out for the surroundings around us. ‎ ‎★astronomy n．天文学 ‎ ‎★system n．系统；体系；制度 ‎ ‎★religion n．宗教；宗教信仰 ‎★theory n．学说；理论 ‎ ‎★billion pron. & n．& adj. <英>万亿；<美>十亿 ‎★globe n．球体；地球仪；地球 ‎ ‎★violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；暴力的 ‎★atmosphere n．大气层；气氛 ‎ ‎★multiply vi. & vt. 乘；增加 ‎ ‎★thus adv. 因此；于是 ‎★puzzle n．谜；难题 vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 ‎★biology n．生物学 ‎★biologist n．生物学家 ‎★gravity n．万有引力；重力 ‎★satellite n．卫星；人造卫星 ‎★gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 ‎ ‎★block out 挡住(光线) ‎ ‎★climate n．气候 ‎ ‎★crash vi. & vt. 碰撞；坠落 ‎ ‎★spaceship n．宇宙飞船 ‎★pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 ‎★cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎★float vi. & vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物 ‎ ‎★mass n．质量；团；块；大量； <复>群众 ‎ ‎★unlike prep. 不同；不像 ‎★harmful adj. 有害的 ‎ ‎★physicist n．物理学家 ‎★fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的 ‎ 一、重点单词需牢记 ‎1．unlike prep. 和……不同；不像 adj. [作表语] 不相似；不同 like 作动词意为“喜欢”，作介词意为“像”；‎ dislike 是个动词，意为“不喜欢”；‎ unlike 是个介词，意为“ 与……不像，不同，相反”；‎ alike 可以作形容词或者副词，意为“一样的，相同的”。 ‎ They are like brothers and sisters.他们就像兄弟姐妹一样。‎ My mother dislikes (likes) seeing you with me together. ‎ 我母亲(不)喜欢看到你我在一起。‎ Unlike me, my husband likes to stay up late. ‎ 我丈夫与我相反，他喜欢熬夜。‎ The twins don't look at all alike. 这对双胞胎一点也不像。‎ ‎2. harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to＝do harm to (vt.)对……有害 ‎ The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social consequence. ‎ 高失业率产生了很坏的社会影响。 ‎ The majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health. ‎ 大多数人相信吸烟对身体有害。 ‎ do no harm 无害 ‎ do harm to sb. 对……有害 ‎ mean no harm 没有恶意 ‎ Our dog won't harm you. 我们的狗不会伤害你的。‎ The drought did a lot of harm to the crops. 干旱给庄稼带来许多危害。‎ I mean no harm to her. 我对她并无恶意。 ‎ be good for＝do good to对……有好处 ‎3. exist vi. 存在；生存 ‎ exist in存在于……之中 exist on靠……为生 There exists/existed... 某地有……；存在……(就近原则)‎ The custom of arranged marriages still exists in many countries.‎ 许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的习俗。 ‎ existence n．存在；生存 existing adj.目前的，现存的 come into existence产生；成立；开始存在 in existence现存的；现有的 ‎ Many people began to doubt whether there exists God or not. ‎ 很多人开始怀疑上帝是否存在。 ‎ ‎4. puzzle vt. 使迷惑 n．(游戏的) 猜谜；难题；谜 ‎ sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑/为难 ‎ sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对……感到迷惑 puzzle about/over sth.对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索 ‎ puzzle one' s brain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁 These scientists have been puzzling about how to solve the environmental problem. ‎ 这些科学家一直苦思如何解决这个环境问题。‎ Her reply puzzled me.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。 ‎ Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. ‎ 他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙。 ‎ puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 puzzled adj. 困惑的；感到迷惑的 be puzzled about对……迷惑不解 ‎5. pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 You push and I'll pull. 你来推，我来拉。 ‎ I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. ‎ 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。 ‎ pull off 脱(衣、帽等) ‎ pull down拆毁；摧毁 ‎ pull through 康复，完成；使渡过难关 pull out 离站；抽出，取出 ‎ pull in (火车)进站 pull over路边停车 pull up停车 ‎6. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼 ‎ cheer sb. on为某人加油 ‎ cheer (sb.) up (使某人)更高兴或更快活 ‎ The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. ‎ 女王出现时群众高声欢呼。‎ cheerful adj. 高兴的 cheerless adj. 不高兴的 ‎ ‎7. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把……放下；摆设；铺(地毯)；产(蛋)‎ He laid his hand on my shoulder. ‎ 他把手放在我的肩上。‎ Who should we lay the blame on? ‎ 我们该责备谁？‎ lay eggs 下蛋 ‎ lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄(钱)‎ ‎1．lay有两个常见意思：一是表示“放”、“摆”(及物)，二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。‎ ‎2．lie有三个主要意思：一是表示“躺”或“平放”，二是表示“位于”，三是表示“说谎”。用于以上三个意思时，均为不及物动词。 　　lay sth. down 把某物放下 lay the blame on sb.责备某人 lay the table 摆桌子 ‎ 动词原形 意义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie 说谎 lied lied lying lie 躺；卧；位于 lay lain lying lay 放置；产卵 laid laid laying 二、重点短语需精通 ‎1. in time 及时；终于 ‎ in time to do sth.正赶上做某事 on time准时；按时 in no time立即；马上 at no time绝不(放在句首，句子需倒装) ‎ at a time一次；每次 at one time曾经；一度 at the same time同时 ‎ at times有时 all the time一直 ‎ take one's time别着急；慢慢来 ‎ from time to time偶尔 ‎ Brian usually gets home in time to bath the children.‎ 布赖恩通常会及时赶回家给孩子们洗澡。‎ If you can't arrive there on time，you should warn them.‎ 如果你不能按时到达，应该预先通知他们。‎ We'll do up your car in no time at all.‎ 我们很快就能把你的汽车修好。‎ ‎2. in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 ‎ I will, in my turn, clean the window next week. ‎ 下周轮到我擦窗户了。‎ This week I am to do the housework in my turn.‎ 这一周该我做家务了。‎ It is one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做……‎ in turn 依次 　　by turns轮流 ‎ take turns to do 轮流做某事 ‎3. prevent...from 阻止；制止 His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow's game. ‎ 他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。 ‎ prevent/stop/keep...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 protect...from... 保护……不受……侵袭；挡住；防御 keep...doing sth. 使……一直做某事 ‎ (2) 翻译句子 警察阻止他们携带武器。‎ The__police__prevented/stopped/kept__them__from__carrying__weapons.__‎ ‎(1)在主动语态中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep...from doing sth.中的from不可省略。‎ ‎(2)在被动语态里，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。‎ They were prevented by illness from taking the exam.‎ 他们因病未能参加考试。‎ ‎4. break out 突发；爆发 It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighborhood.‎ 昨天快半夜时这附近发生了火灾。‎ World War Ⅱ broke out in 1939. ‎ 第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。‎ break away from 脱离(党派)；摆脱(控制) ‎ break through突破 break down 毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败 break up 打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体)‎ break off (使)停止；中断；折断 ‎ break into 强行进入(某处)‎ break in闯入；打断 ‎ ‎5. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防 ‎ I advised them to watch out for slick spots on the sidewalk. ‎ 我叫他们当心人行道上路滑的地方。‎ You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.‎ 如果你不小心，就会上当受骗。‎ watch out for sb./sth. 警惕或注意某人/事物 ‎ watch over 保护；照看 ‎ 三、重点句式能熟用 ‎1. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life ‎ to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命有可能开始发展了。 ‎ make it possible to do sth. 意为“使……成为可能”，possible 作宾语补足语，it 是形式宾语，代替真正的动词不定式作宾语。it 作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：‎ ‎①不定式 ②v.－ing形式 ③宾语从句 They didn't find it very difficult to write letters in Chinese. ‎ 他们发现用汉语写信不是很难。(it代替不定式)‎ The professor considers it no good reading without understanding. ‎ 这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有好处。(it代替v.－ing 形式 )‎ The parents think it a pity that their daughter didn't pass the examination. ‎ 父母认为他们的女儿没通过考试是个遗憾。(it代替从句)‎ it 作形式宾语时，需要具备两个条件：‎ ‎①真正的宾语是不定式，v.－ing形式或从句。‎ ‎②有宾语补足语。‎ ‎2. Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。‎ now that 是连词，意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句。‎ You ought to have a good rest now that you've finished the work.‎ 既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。‎ now that与in that的区别 ‎(1) 二者都可引导原因状语从句，但语义不一样。now that相当于since，意为“既然”，语气较弱。‎ ‎(2) in that相当于because，意为“因为；在……方面”。 ‎ 四、话题写作多积累 训练十四：写投诉信 投诉信，主要用于因某件事情未受到应有的待遇而投诉某人或某单位。投诉信需要如实反映的情况：投诉者的相关信息，如姓名、联系电话等；被投诉者的相关信息，名称、地址、联系方式等。必须要说清楚的就是投诉的事由，事由必须是真实发生的，不可虚构。‎ 第一段：表明自己的身份，说明写信目的：因何事投诉何人或机构。虽然写信者往往是受害者，但是言辞之间一定要注意说话的语气，用词一定要礼貌。‎ 第二段：具体阐述投诉的内容和投诉的原因，可适当描述产生问题的经过及问题带来的后果。‎ 第三段：提出解决建议并期望尽快解决，表示感谢。该部分更应遵循书信的礼貌原则，可以用类似“如果你能……，我将十分感激”等等类似的表达方式。注意不可向对方提出过分或者无理的要求。‎ ‎(1) 段首常用语：‎ I am writing to make a complaint about...‎ I would like to draw your attention to the problem...‎ I am writing to inform you that I find...unsatisfactory.‎ I wish to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about...‎ ‎(2) 段尾常用语：‎ It would be highly appreciated if you could...‎ I believe you will take my complaints seriously and...‎ I would like to get this matter settled by the end of this month.‎ I could not be more satisfied if you can kindly...‎ I would appreciate it very much if you could...‎ ‎【例1】用like的相关词汇填空 ‎①A good hotel manager should know his regular guests' likes and __dislikes__．‎ ‎②Her latest novel is quite __unlike__ her earlier work.‎ ‎③If you go on like that you'll get yourself __disliked__ (like)．‎ ‎④I was very interested in the lecture, __unlike__ many of the students.‎ ‎⑤She__likes__(like) playing the piano. ‎ ‎【例2】(1)完成句子 ‎①Everyone knows that smoking is __harmful__ to your health. ‎ ‎②In many cases, too much care for children from parents might ‎ even do __harm__ to their growth.‎ ‎(2) 翻译句子 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。‎ Reading__in__the__sun__does__a__lot__of__harm__to__your__eyes.__‎ ‎＝Reading__in__the__sun__does__your__eyes__a__lot__of__harm.__‎ ‎＝Reading__in__the__sun__is__very__harmful__to__your__eyes.____‎ do more harm than good弊大于利 there is no harm in doing做某事无害(反而带来某些好处)‎ They may not be able to help but there's no harm in asking them.‎ 他们可能帮不上忙，但求他们一下倒也无妨。‎ ‎【例3】用exist或其相关短语的适当形式填空。 ‎ ‎①This plant__exists__only__in__Australia.‎ ‎②Can you __exist__on__ such a low salary?‎ ‎③I doubt the __existence__ (exist) of alien.‎ ‎④There__exists__ (exist) warm－hearted person everywhere. ‎ ‎⑤Nowadays，there're still many people wondering when the earth came into __existence__ (exist). ‎ 类似用法：there stand...；There appear...；there seem...‎ 如：There stood a temple in the forest. 以前在这片森林中有座庙。‎ ‎【例4】用puzzle的适当形式完成句子 ‎①To explain the __puzzling__ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories.‎ ‎②I __am__puzzled__ (puzzle) that I havent heard from Liz for so long.‎ ‎③She listened with a __puzzled__ (puzzle) expression on her face.‎ ‎④No one has yet succeeded in explaining the__puzzle__(puzzle) of how life began. ‎ ‎⑤He __was__puzzled__ (puzzle) what to do next.‎ ‎⑥__What__puzzles__me__ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left the country without telling anyone. ‎ ‎【例5】用pull相关短语的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①I arrived as the last train was __pulling__out__．‎ ‎②He __pulled__out__ a gun and aimed at the criminal.‎ ‎③So long as we __pull__together,__there' s no mountain top we can't conquer. ‎ drag和pull ‎ drag拖拉(笨重、阻力很大的) 东西；缓慢而吃力地行进；慢吞吞地进行。pull 拉，拔(为普通用语)。‎ ‎【例6】用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①Your visit has greatly __cheered__ him up.‎ ‎②The crowd __cheered__ the runners __on__ as they started the last lap.‎ ‎③You look as though you need__cheering__up.‎ ‎④He was greatly __cheered__ by the news. ‎ ‎【例7】用lay相关短语的适当形式填空 ‎①The bird __lays__ its eggs in other birds' nests. ‎ ‎②He is a political leader that __lays__great__stress__on__ (非常强调) individual responsibility. ‎ ‎③He __lays/puts some money __aside__ for rainy days. ‎ ‎【例1】用time的相关短语填空 ‎ ‎①They sent the mail to me just __in__time__before I left.‎ ‎②William arrived at the theatre just __in__time__ for the play was to be on.‎ ‎③Hurry up! The concert will begin __in__no__time__．‎ ‎④__At__no__time__ will I give up.‎ ‎⑤The boy laughed and cried __at__the__same__time__．‎ ‎⑥__At__one__time__ he was addicted to playing web games, but now he devotes himself to writing, which delights his parents.‎ ‎⑦Don't try to do everything at once; take it a bit __at__a__time__．‎ ‎⑧You'll have your own office soon, but __for__the__time__being__‎ ‎ you'll have to share one with me.‎ ‎【例2】(1) 用turn的相关短语填空 She went hot and cold __by__turns__．‎ ‎(2) 翻译句子 ‎①我们轮流着开车。‎ We__drove__the__car__by__turns/in__turn.__＝We__took__turns__to__drive__the__car.‎ ‎②今天轮到谁发言了？‎ Whose__turn__is__it__to__give__a__speech__today?__‎ ‎【例3】(1) 根据汉语提示完成句子 ‎①Doctors took action to __prevent/stop/keep__the__disease__from__spreading__ (防止这种疾病的蔓延)．‎ ‎②Of course I can't __prevent/stop__(阻止) your going abroad.‎ ‎【例4】用break的相关短语填空 ‎ ‎①A terrible tsunami __broke__out__ in the southeastern countries of Asia at Christmas，2004.‎ ‎②When do you __break__up__ for Christmas?‎ ‎③Negotiations between the two sides have __broken__down__．‎ ‎④His house was __broken__into__ last week. ‎ break out 强调战争、疾病、火灾等的突然爆发，一般不用于被动语态。‎ ‎【例5】用watch的相关短语填空 ‎ ‎①There must have been an angel __watching__over__ me that day.‎ ‎②What problems should I watch__out__for when buying an old house?‎ ‎③You'll become an alcoholic if you don't __watch__out__. ‎ ‎【例1】(1)根据汉语提示完成句子 ‎ ‎①We __make__it__a__rule__ (规定) to get up at 6 o'clock every morning.‎ ‎②I __find__it__hard__ (发现很难) to get along with him. ‎ ‎(2) 翻译句子 ‎①他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。‎ He__found__it__impossible__to__leave__Germany__for__the__USA.__‎ ‎②我觉得我有责任帮助你。‎ I__think/find/feel/consider__it__my__duty__to__help__you.‎ 常用it作形式宾语的动词有：think，consider，believe，feel，find等等。‎ ‎ 【例2】完成句子 ‎①既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。‎ ‎__Now__that__ you are grown up, you should not rely on your ‎ parents.‎ ‎②既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。‎ ‎__Now__that__I am free, I can enjoy music for a while. ‎ ‎③他因为有病，没有参加会议。 ‎ He didn't attend the meeting __in__that__he was ill. ‎ ‎(2017四川绵阳第三次诊断)‎ 假如你是李华，是一家外国售书网站的常客。上周在这家网站上买了两本书，收到后发现其中一本有很多问题，现用英文给公司写一封投诉邮件，并包括以下内容：‎ 1. 事件缘由； ‎ ‎2. 主要问题：封面(cover)破损、缺页、有些字迹不清；‎ ‎ 3. 处理要求。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； ‎ ‎3. 邮件首尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ I am a regular customer of your bookshop. Generally, I am quite satisfied with what I've got from you, but what happened last week changed all that. I bought two books from you last week, but after I unwrapped the parcel I found that one of them is in terribly poor ‎ condition. The front cover is torn, some of the pages are missing and the print in many places are not clear. ‎ I've been longing to read the book and don't want to give it up easily. So I'd like you to replace it with a new one. Also I want you to pay for the shipping of the broken one if you want to take it back.‎ Sincerely，‎ Li Hua 第一段：写明要投诉的问题，要注意说话语气，用词一定要礼貌。 ‎ 第二段：写明投诉原因、产生问题的经过及问题带来的后果。 ‎ 第三段：提出解决方案。‎ 考向一　在语法填空中设题 ‎(2017全国卷Ⅱ) This included digging up the road, __1__ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over __2__top.‎ ‎【答案】1.laying　考查动词的－ing形式。根据句子结构可知，谓语动词included后有三个并列宾语，故此处要用动词的－ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎2. the　考查冠词。此处特指在地铁的顶部，故要用定冠词the。 ‎ 计策2：了解连词and的作用 考向二　在阅读理解中考查“科普文章” ‎ ‎(2017全国卷Ⅱ ，C) ‎ Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1，400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23－gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.‎ Around 100 people have already put down a $10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279，000. And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.‎ Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.‎ Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation ‎ Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.‎ ‎1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A. The basic data of the Transition.　　　B. The advantages of flying cars.‎ C. The potential market for flying cars. D. The designers of the Transition.‎ ‎2. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?‎ A. It causes traffic jams. B. It is difficult to operate.‎ C. It is very expensive. D. It burns too much fuel.‎ ‎3. What's the government's attitude to the development of the flying car?‎ A. Cautious. B. Favorable. ‎ C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.‎ ‎4. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Flying Car at Auto Show B. The Transition's First Flight C. Pilots' Dream Coming True D. Flying Car Closer to Reality ‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国Terrafugia 公司所设计的飞行汽车Transition，它已经完成了第一次飞行。人们一直在制造飞行汽车，这在不久的未来将成为现实。‎ ‎1. A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中第二句话可知，这辆飞行汽车有2个座位；4个轮子。在路上每分钟能够达到70英里；在飞行时能达到115英里；在空中每小时能够燃烧5加仑的汽油，在地面上每1加仑跑35英里。从这些具体的数字中可以判断出，此段主要就Transition的基本数据进行说明。故选A。有些同学会错选D，认为是“Transition车的设计者”，显然这只是根据此段第一句的内容而得出的答案，解答此题要能够从整体来把握，这是关键。‎ ‎2. C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中倒数第三句话中的$279，000.可知，不要期望Transition车在许多车道出现，因为它预计价格在$279，000，显然这种车是很昂贵的。 ‎ ‎3. B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中第三句话可知，政府已经允许公司使用特殊的材料让这种车飞起来更容易。同时从第四段中的第一句话可知，Terrafugia公司还得到联邦航空管理局的帮助，从这些信息可以判断出，政府对这种车是“赞成的”。故选B。 而cautious意为“谨慎的”；ambiguous意为“模棱两可的”；disapproving意为“不赞成的；反对的”，均不符合文章的意思。‎ ‎4. D　标题归纳题。根据整篇文章可知，这篇文章围绕着飞行汽车来进行说明，同时根据第三段中第二句话可知，Terrafugia公司已经让飞行汽车成为现实更接近每一个人。 ‎ 计策1：了解lie，lay的各种形式变化 计策1：抓住科普类文章的首段呈现的整体信息作为解题的方向指引 计策2：抓住文章中呈现的数据信息作为解题的有力助手 计策3：“串线摘帽” 找主旨 即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。‎ ‎①主旨题的标志：mainly about，mainly discuss，the best title。‎ ‎②串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章；针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的)‎ ‎③小心首段陷阱。‎ ‎④主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是：‎ a．局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容；‎ b．范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。‎ ‎⑤逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。‎ 一、词汇拓展 ‎ ‎1. system n．系统；体系；制度→ systematic adj. 系统的 ‎ ‎3. violent adj. 猛烈的→ __violence__ n．暴力→ __violently__adv. 猛烈地 ‎4. unlike prep. 不同；不像→ __like__ prep. 像→ __dislike__ v. & n．不喜欢 ‎5. explore vt. 探险；考察→ __exploration__ n．探险 ‎ ‎6. advance n．前进 v．使向前移动 → __advanced__ adj. 先进的 ‎ ‎7. phenomenon n．现象→ __phenomena__ pl. (复数)‎ ‎8. religion n．宗教→ __religious__ adj. 宗教的 ‎ ‎9. billion 十亿→ __million__百万 ‎10. globe n．地球→ __global__ adj.地球的 ‎11. exhaust vt. 耗尽→ __exhausted__ adj.疲惫的 ‎ ‎12. astronaut n．航天员→ __spaceman__ n．宇航员；外星人→ __cosmonaut__n．宇航员；航天员 ‎ ‎13. astronomy n．天文学→ __astronomer__天文学家 ‎ ‎14. biology n．生物学→ __biologist__生物学家→ __biological__ adj.生物学的 ‎ ‎15. gentle adj. 温和文雅的→ __gently__ adv. 温柔地→ __gentleman__先生；绅士 ‎ ‎16. physics n．物理→ __physicist__物理学家→ __physical__物理的；身体的(mentally精神的) → __physician__医生，内科医生 ‎17. fundament n．基础→ __fundamental__ adj. 基础的 ‎18. gift n．赠品；天赋；礼物→ __gifted__ adj. 有天资的，有天赋的 二、单句语法填空 ‎ ‎1. The naughty boy __lied__ (lie) to me that the hen that __lay__ (lie) there just now had __laid__ (lay) two eggs the day before. ‎ ‎2. In my opinion, __prevention__ (prevent) is more important than treatment.‎ ‎3. Some programs on the Internet are full of __violence__ (violent) and sex.‎ ‎4. With the __development__ (develop) of modern industry, more and more pollution is caused.‎ ‎5. China is a __developing__ (develop) country belonging to the third world.‎ ‎6. There are __fundamental__ (fundament) differences between your religious beliefs and mine.‎ ‎7. His ambition is to become a great __physicist__ (physics)．‎ ‎8. There __exists__ (exist) no life in the river because it has been polluted.‎ ‎9. He felt __puzzled__(puzzle) when he asked such a curious question.‎ ‎10. When she looked up while walking, she noticed that a beautiful ‎ cloud was __floating__ (float) in the sky.‎ 三、用短语的适当形式填空 prevent...from, do harm to, block out, watch out for, cheer up, get the hang of, now that, break out, give birth to, be fundamental to, in time, lay eggs ‎ ‎1．The heavy rain __prevented__us __from__ going to school yesterday.‎ ‎2．If we don't hurry up, we won't __in__time__ to catch the early train.‎ ‎3.The tall building __blocked/blocks__out__ our light.‎ ‎4．Cheer__up__! The result is not too bad. I wrote that song just to __cheer__myself __up. ‎ ‎5．Now__that you have finished your work, you'd better have a rest.‎ ‎6．It's difficult for a foreigner to __get__the__hang__of__ English idioms.‎ ‎7．A fire __broke__out__ in this factory last night.‎ ‎8.Don't disturb her. She __gave__birth__to__ a baby last night and now she is asleep.‎ ‎9．The weather has changed so frequently and you must __watch__out__for__catching cold.‎ ‎10．Reading in the sun will __do__harm__to__ your eyes.‎ ‎11．It was not immediately obvious that water was ‎ to__be__fundamental__to__ the development of life.‎ ‎12. They produced young generally by __laying__eggs__．‎ 四、课文回顾 As the result of “Big Bang”， the violent earth slowly settled into a globe 1.__moving__(move) around the sun. The masses which were to make the earth's atmosphere came into being 2.__from__ the explosion of the dust ball, with water 3.__following__(follow) them while the earth cooled down. It allowed the beginning for life. Many millions of years 4.__later__,__the first 5.__extremely__(extreme) small plants began to appear 6.__on__ the surface of the water，7.__multiplying__(multiply) and filling the sea and oceans, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. As time passed, green plants taking carbon dioxide and 8.__producing__(produce) oxygen came to land and grew into forest. Later the chains of lives continued, such as insects, amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs and mammals, the typical of 9.__which__is human being. They don't only do 10.__good__ to the earth but cause damage to it.‎ in theory理论上(反义词in practice)2. theory n．学说；理论→ __theoretic__ adj.理论上的；空谈的 ‎ 以“－on”结尾，变复数时，将“－on”变为“－a”。例如： phenomenon—phenomena 现象， criterion—criteria 标准。‎ on the globe在世界上 travel around the globe环游世界 biological clock生物时钟 biological control 生物控制，生物防治physician，doctor和 surgeon都可指“医生”。doctor为普通用语，泛指以看病为职业的各科医生；physician主要指内科医生，也可指一般医生，词义庄重，在美式英语中较常用； surgeon指外科医生。‎ gift强调人天生具有的能力和品质，通常被认为是上帝赐给的，大自然授予的，不需努力便可获得。talent主要指某一方面(如音乐、美术等)具有的“天资，才能”，具有talent的人往往需要通过后天的教育和努力去获得知识和能力。‎ developing country发展中国家 developed country发达国家 float about on the river 在河面上漂浮着 float about the square 在广场上空飘扬 float across the sky 飘过天空 float around town 满城流传 float down the river 顺流漂下 float down the stairs 从楼梯上飘然走下来 float from place to place 到处游荡 float on water 浮在水上 block in堵塞 block off封闭；封锁；阻止；隔开 block up塞住，封住(孔、洞) ‎ block one's way 挡住某人的去路 give birth to意为“生产，生下”，其宾语通常是表示幼畜或婴儿的词语，其主语只能是表示雌性的词语，有时也作“使……诞生”讲。be born则表示“出生”，其主语通常只能是表示被生下的人或动物。‎ Key words：‎ Big Bang the earth ‎ the sun ‎ masses ‎ came into being ‎ the dust ball ‎ water cooled down ‎ beginning for life ‎ millions of years ‎ small plants ‎ multiply ‎ development ‎ green plants ‎ produce ‎ chains of lives ‎ human being