2020届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit5Thepowerofnature单元学案设计（65页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit5Thepowerofnature单元学案设计（65页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit5The power of nature单元学案设计 ‎ 单元话题阅读 In the past hundred years，there have been frequent natural disasters，such as floods，droughts，mudrock flows，earthquakes and typhoons.Some disasters did great damage to people’s life，one of which was Typhoon Meranti.It hit Fujian Province and Zhejiang Province in September,2016，leaving 28 people dead and 15 others missing in the two Eastern Chinese provinces.‎ Meranti，the strongest typhoon to hit China that year，made landfall in Xiamen City，Fujian，Thursday morning，with a maximum 17grade wind force bringing extraordinary rainstorms.Fujian provincial flood control authorities said Saturday that 18 people died and 11 others were missing in the province.The typhoon damaged several cities in the south of the province，including Xiamen，Quanzhou and Zhangzhou.Direct economic losses in Fujian were over 16.9 billion yuan(about 2.6 billion US dollars)．“Ten people died and four remained unaccounted for(下落不明的) in neighboring Zhejiang after the typhoon brought heavy rainfall.More than 902 houses were destroyed and over 1.5 million people were affected，” Zhejiang provincial flood control headquarters said Saturday.As Meranti waned(减弱)，China’s meteorological authority(气象局) issued a yellow warn for Typhoon Malakas on Saturday，forecasting strong winds and heavy rain.Heavy rain would sweep parts of Zhejiang and Fujian，as well as central and north parts of Taiwan from Saturday to Sunday，with up to 120 millimeters of rain expected，meteorological authorities said.China has a fourcolor warning system for severe weather，with red the most serious，followed by orange，yellow and blue.‎ 判断正(T)误(F)‎ ‎1．Typhoon Meranti led to 38 deaths and 20 others missing.(F)‎ ‎2．China has a fourcolor warning system for severe weather，with blue the most serious of all.(F)‎ Period One　Warming Up & Reading—Prereading ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．erupt　　　　　　　A．n.套装；vt.适合；使适宜 ‎2．appoint　　　　　　B．vi.爆发；突然发生 ‎3．wave　　　　　　　C．n.波浪；vi.波动；起伏；挥手 ‎4．absolute　　　　　　D．vt.任命；委派 ‎5．suit　　　　　　　　E．adj.绝对的；完全的 答案　1.B　2.D　3.C　4.E　5.A ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．database　　　　　　A．n.灰；灰末 ‎7．evaluate　　　　　　B．n.问卷；调查表 ‎8．fountain　　　　　　C．n.数据库；资料库 ‎9．ash　　　　　　 D．n.喷泉；源泉 ‎10．questionnaire E．vt.评估；评价；估计 答案　6.C　7.E　8.D　9.A　10.B ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．actual　　　　　　 A．n.靴子 ‎12．potential　　　　　 B．n.头盔 ‎13．helmet　　　　　　C．adj.可能的；潜在的；n.潜能；可能性 ‎14．boot　　　　　　　D．n.设备；装备 ‎15．equipment　　　　 E．adj.实在的；实际的 答案　11.E　12.C　13.B　14.A　15.D ‎[第四组]‎ ‎16．diagram A．n.火山 ‎17．volcano B．n.飓风；风暴 ‎18．lava C．adv.在旁边；prep.沿着……的边 ‎19．alongside D．n.图解；图表；示意图 ‎20．hurricane E．n.火山岩；熔岩 答案　16.D　17.A　18.E　19.C　20.B ‎ ‎ Step 1　Fastreading Skim the passage and do the following exercises.‎ ‎1．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．An eruption occurred in Hawaii.‎ B．A volcanologist’s job is exciting.‎ C．A volcanologist’s exciting job and his first sight of a volcanic eruption.‎ D．A sight of an eruption is horrible.‎ 答案　C ‎2．Find out the main idea of each part.‎ Part 1：Paras(1～2)　　A．The reasons why the writer is enthusiastic about his job.‎ Part 2：Paras(3～4)　　B．What the writer’s job is and the importance of his job.‎ Part 3：Para(5) 　　　 C．The writer’s experience of watching the eruption.‎ 答案　Part 1：B　Part 2：C　Part 3：A Step 2　Carefulreading Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.‎ ‎1．The author doesn’t mind the occasional danger of his job because .‎ A．he travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the world B．he likes the different ways of working C．he is excited about dangers and feels alive D．he thinks his job is the most important 答案　C ‎2．What does the author mean by using “lucky” in the sentence “I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it”？‎ A．He felt much safer on the top while the other two scientists climbed down into the ‎ crater.‎ B．It was his first sight of an eruption.‎ C．It was the first time for him to watch the crater.‎ D．Both B and C.‎ 答案　D ‎3．What did the author do after he was appointed as a volcanologist?‎ A．He collected information about Mount Kilauea on the spot.‎ B．He analyzed the data and predicted where the lava would flow.‎ C．He persuaded people to move their homes out of the path of the lava.‎ D．He saved people who were covered with lava.‎ 答案　B ‎4．Which of the following descriptions of an eruption is NOT correct?‎ A．It causes great damage near the top of Mount Kilauea.‎ B．The places where the lava flows are usually seriously damaged.‎ C．It can be seen from a distance，even in a house garden.‎ D．The lava can fountain hundreds of metres.‎ 答案　A ‎5．When the author went to the location of the eruption，he .‎ A．asked two other scientists to guide him B．went close to the crater formed during the eruption C．was wearing protective suits the same as the spaceman D．collected some lava for further study 答案　B Step 3　Postreading After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.‎ I often travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world.Using scientific equipment 1.to collect(collect) information about volcanoes is my job.2.Although/Though my job is occasionally dangerous，I don’t mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive.3.As is known，when lava from the volcano flows，many houses will be covered 4.with lava or burnt to the ground.However，my job helps other scientists predict 5.where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast，which can help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful 6.forces(force) on earth—the volcano.I once 7.experienced(experience) the eruption of Mount Kilauea and was lucky to have a close look at the 8.absolutely(absolute) fantastic sight.When it broke out，red lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air.All the lava 9.passing(pass) slowly down the mountain caused great damage and buried everything in 10.its(it) path under the molten rock.‎ Step 4　Sentencelearning ‎1．However，the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth—the volcano.‎ ‎[句式分析]　这是一个主从复合句，that I help ...the volcano为that引导的表语从句。从句中破折号起解释说明的作用。‎ ‎[自主翻译]‎ ‎　然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能帮助保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。‎ ‎2．The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句的主句为The lava causes far more damage，that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain为定语从句，because it buries ...为原因状语从句。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　而像波浪一样顺着山坡缓缓流下的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。‎ ‎3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句为由but 连接的两个并列分句。第一分句主干为The other two climbed down into the crater，to collect some lava for later study为不定式作目的状语；第二分句中this being my first experience为独立主格结构作原因状语，句子主干为I stayed at the top and watched them。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A There are over 500 known active volcanoes in the world and thousands of extinct volcanoes.Volcanoes are found on every continent except Australia.There are about 80 active volcanoes under the oceans.Volcanoes are both terrifying and fascinating.In order to understand why volcanic eruptions happen，it is necessary to know some things about how the Earth is made.‎ The part of the Earth we live on is an 18milethick layer of solid rock called the crust(地壳)．Beneath the crust is a layer called the mantle(地幔)，it is hot enough to melt some of the rock，creating magma(岩浆)．‎ When the magma finds cracks in the Earth’s crust，it rises up.Gas bubbles(气泡) inside the magma grow bigger and try to escape as the molten rock gets closer to the Earth’s surface.When the gas bubbles can’t be held back any longer，the volcano erupts.Imagine shaking a soda bottle until the gas inside blows the cap off，and you can understand something of how a volcano erupts.If the magma is runny(黏软的)，and the gas can escape easily，the eruption is gentle.But if the magma is thick，the gas has to build up more pressure to escape.Then the eruption is explosive.‎ When a volcano erupts，the molten rock that flows from it is called lava.The lava may run for some distance，or it may pile up near the volcano，making the mountain larger.‎ During an explosive eruption，pieces of rock are thrown from the volcano.Scientists call these pyroclasts(火山碎屑)．The smallest pyroclasts are called ash.Ash is often thrown into the atmosphere by the force of the eruption.Larger rocks，about walnut(胡桃) size，are called lapilli，Italian for “little stones”．The largest pyroclasts are called blocks if they are solid，or bombs if they are molten.‎ Volcanoes have been a major force in the formation of our planet for thousands and thousands of years.Today geologists continually observe active volcanoes for signs of eruption.Using modern instruments，they are usually able to issue a warning before ‎ the volcano erupts.‎ 语篇解读　本文向我们介绍了火山的一些基本知识。‎ ‎1．The author explains how the volcano erupts by .‎ A．making a comparison B．telling a story C．using figures D．asking questions 答案　A 解析　写作手法题。根据第三段中的“Imagine shaking a soda bottle until the gas inside blows the cap off，and you can understand something of how a volcano erupts.”可知，作者在说明火山怎样喷发时打了一个比方。‎ ‎2．Whether the eruption is explosive depends on .‎ A．the temperature of the crust B．whether the magma is thick C．whether the magma is near the mantle D．the number of gas bubbles inside the magma 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the magma is runny ...Then the eruption is explosive.”可知，火山喷发是否是爆发性的，取决于岩浆是否黏稠。‎ ‎3．We can learn from Paragraph 5 that .‎ A．ash is smaller than pyroclasts B．bombs are about walnut size C．blocks are larger than lapilli D．lapilli exist in the atmosphere 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The largest pyroclasts are called blocks ...”可知，blocks是最大的火山碎屑，故选C项。‎ ‎4．The passage is most probably taken from .‎ A．National Geographic B．Entertainment Weekly C．Health D．TV Guide 答案　A 解析　文章出处题。本文介绍了火山的一些常识，最有可能摘选自地理方面的杂志《国家地理》，故A项为正确答案。‎ B Seeing a volcano erupt is a wonderful experience，and you can really feel the heat by climbing to the summit(山顶) of Pacaya for a closeup view.There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua，giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.‎ ‎ ‎ Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua，a beautiful city with many colorful houses along its old streets that are turned into artworks during its Holy Week Festival.No matter when you come to Antigua，you won’t miss the Pacayatour companies.‎ But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2,560 metres high，and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly onestepforward and twostepback movements.As you climb，you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above.Steaming，hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active ‎ summit: the McKenney Cone(火山锥)．Just as though you are going to walk over to the edge of the cone，the road turns to the left and up to the relative safety of the old，inactive summit.‎ Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava and the darkening sky.On a good day the view from the summit is extremely exciting.The active mouth boils，sending red lava over its sides，and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the air.There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you take care to be upwind of the cone.As evening turns deeper into the night，the burning lava quietly falls down the side of the volcano.For you，too，it is time to get down.‎ 语篇解读　红色的熔岩从火山口喷薄而出，直冲云霄，与黑色的天幕相映生辉，来自大自然的力量令游客叹为观止，流连忘返。‎ ‎5．What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A．To attract tourists to Pacaya.‎ B．To describe the beauty of Pacaya.‎ C．To introduce guided tours to Pacaya.‎ D．To explain the power of nature at Pacaya.‎ 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。B项“描述Pacaya之美”；C项“介绍去Pacaya的旅行”；D项“解释Pacaya大自然的力量”。这三项本文都是点到为止，其最终目的是想吸引游客去Pacaya。‎ ‎6．Antigua is an island .‎ A．where people can enjoy cultural festival B．where the daring Pacaya tour starts C．that gives a closeup view of Pacaya D．that is famous for its tour companies 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua，giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.”可知，安提瓜(Antigua)是冒险之游的起点。‎ ‎7．Climbing to the McKenney Cone，people will .‎ A．walk directly to the active summit B．hear the continuous loud noise from above C．make greater efforts than to other summits D．see a path lined with remains of earlier eruptions 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Steaming，hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit：the McKenney Cone(火山锥)．”可知D项正确。‎ ‎8．Many tours are timed for people to .‎ A．get down the mountain in time when night falls B．avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the cone C．enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening sky D．appreciate the scenery of the 2,560metrehigh mountain 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知，要准时到达火山锥才能欣赏到日落及岩浆喷发到黑色天空中的壮观景色。‎ C The McDonald family from Glasgow，Scotland，were on holiday in Western Australia when their vehicle broke down in a desert area ninety miles north of the town of Laverton.This happened on a Tuesday，and the McDonalds were expected to arrive in the city of Kalgoorlie on Wednesday evening.When they did not show up，Mrs McDonald’s brother told the local police.‎ A spokesperson from the rescue team that discovered the McDonalds’ vehicle said that the family planned carefully for their desert trip.They knew that they needed to stay with their vehicle instead of setting out to seek help，and they did the right thing by lighting a fire as a signal to attract attention.‎ When it comes to making a desert trip，the spokesperson also suggested bringing warm clothing for the cold nights and light clothing，hats，and sunscreen for the hot days.Besides，travelers should have a wellstocked survival kit(装备) including a firstaid kit，map，matches or lighter，and a knife.They should also make sure to pack plenty of food and water，spare tires(轮胎)，and fuel.The spokesperson’s final suggestion was to tell a friend or family member about your travel plans.‎ After the unpleasant experience，John McDonald told reporters that he had read quite a lot about desert survival before coming to Australia.He knew that if they had tried to walk to the nearest town，they would not have been able to carry enough water and that they had to cut down on what they ate，because digestion requires a great deal of water.‎ Mr McDonald said he was extremely happy to see the rescue team and thankful that his family had survived.When asked what advice he could share with other possible desert travelers，Mr McDonald said，“Don’t panic.Stay where you are and wait to be rescued.” This trip through the Australian desert is one vacation the McDonald family will never forget!‎ 语篇解读　本文是记叙文，讲述了McDonald一家在被困沙漠后得到救援的故事。‎ ‎9．Where was the McDonald family on Tuesday? ‎ A．In an Australian desert. B．In the city of Kalgoorlie.‎ C．At a local police station. D．At the town of Laverton.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...their vehicle broke down in a desert area ninety miles north of the town of Laverton.This happened on a Tuesday...”可知，周二的时候McDonald一家正被困在澳大利亚的一个沙漠里。‎ ‎10．What did the McDonald family do when their car broke down? ‎ A．They set out to ask for help.‎ B．They walked to the nearest town.‎ C．They sent out a signal and waited for rescue.‎ D．They lit a fire to keep themselves warm.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“stay with their vehicle”和“they did the right thing by lighting a fire as a signal to attract attention”可知，当车在沙漠抛锚后，McDonald一家发出了求救信号并在原地等待救援。‎ ‎11．In Paragraph 3，the spokesperson mainly .‎ A．gave tourists tips on visiting Western Australia B．provided details on how to prepare for desert travel C．gave instructions on surviving in terrible conditions D．described how the McDonald family survived in the desert 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，发言人在第三段主要谈到准备沙漠旅行的细节问题。‎ ‎12．What is John McDonald’s suggestion on a desert trip? ‎ A．Prepare a special vehicle for it.‎ B．Never try to make a desert trip alone.‎ C．Try to cross a desert in a suitable season.‎ D．Stay calm if you are trapped in the desert.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Mr McDonald说的话“Don’t panic.Stay where you are and wait to be rescued.”可知，他建议如果被困在沙漠一定不要惊慌失措，要保持镇定。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018•黑龙江大庆高二期中质量检测)‎ Camping on Erupting Volcano Santiaguito in Guatemala Guatemala’s active volcano Santiaguito erupts with an explosion of hot ash and rocks every few hours.However，as an adventurelover，I decided to go camping on it.‎ ‎• 13 ‎ We were about to climb 8 hours and set up camp on an inactive volcanic vent，right next to the active one.This was not a normal activity.Most visitors to the area just hike up neighboring Santa Maria and gaze down from a safe distance at Santiaguito exploding from over a mile away.Only crazy people would attempt to camp on the erupting volcano itself.But I managed to round up 6 more crazy people to join me.‎ ‎•Not a walk in the park.‎ ‎ 14 All this has to be done with full packs loaded with 6 liters of water each，and everything else we’d need for 2 days on a barren volcano.‎ ‎• 15 ‎ It feels as though we’ve left planet earth，and are now hiking on the lunar surface.Everything is covered in a thick layer of ash，making the whole landscape colorless.Steam is rising up through vents in the ground.Clouds and fog are moving in all around us，sometimes making it impossible to see more than 10 feet ahead. 16 Over the past 8 hours our group of total strangers has turned into a remarkable team—everyone looking up at each other’s back.‎ ‎•Was it worth the trip?‎ Well，after the mentally and physically exhausting day of difficult and technical ‎ climbing，we were treated to an incredible view: Everything under our feet was taken in a glance.‎ ‎ 17 ‎ A．Prepare for the worst.‎ B．Yes，it was worth it.‎ C．Welcome to the moon.‎ D．Crazy people wanted.‎ E．Now it’s time to slide down the steep slopes of the volcano.‎ F．But with handy equipment and strong communication，all of us safely make it to the top.‎ G．To achieve our mission，we’d have to hike and climb with difficulty for the majority of the trip.‎ 语篇解读　文章主要讲述了作者和一些同伴在正在喷发的火山旁宿营的一次疯狂经历。‎ ‎13．答案　D 解析　由下文中的“Only crazy people would attempt to camp on the erupting volcano itself.But I managed to round up 6 more crazy people to join me.”可知，本段主要讲疯狂的人在正在喷发的火山旁宿营，故选D。‎ ‎14．答案　G 解析　由空后的“All this has to be done with full packs loaded with 6 liters of water each，and everything else we’d need for 2 days on a barren volcano.”可知，这是一项艰巨的任务，故选G。‎ ‎15．答案　C 解析　由该空后一句“It feels as though we’ve left planet earth，and are now hiking on the lunar surface.”可知C项“欢迎来到月球”符合语境。‎ ‎16．答案　F 解析　由该空后一句“Over the past 8 hours our group of total strangers has turned into a remarkable team—everyone looking up at each other’s back.”可知，因为有便利的设备和很强的通讯，我们所有人都安全到达了顶峰，故选F。‎ ‎17．答案　B 解析　由“Was it worth the trip？”及下文中的“we were treated to an incredible view”可知，这一切都是值得的，故选B。‎ Period Two　Warming Up & Reading—Language points ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分)‎ ‎1．diagram n．图解；图表；示意图 ‎2．volcano n．火山 ‎3．ash n．灰；灰末 ‎4．hurricane n．飓风；风暴 ‎5．questionnaire n．问卷；调查表 ‎6．alongside adv.在旁边；沿着边；prep.在……旁边；沿着……的边 ‎7．wave n．波浪；波涛；vi.波动；起伏；挥手 ‎8．molten adj.熔化的；熔融的 ‎9．spaceman n．宇航员；航天专家 ‎10．helmet n．头盔 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10小题；每题3分，满分30分)‎ ‎11．erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发 ‎12．equipment n．设备；装备→equip vt.装备，配备 ‎13．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命 ‎14．database n．数据库；资料库 ‎15．evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计→evaluation n．评估；评价；估计 ‎16．fountain vi.& vt.泉水般地喷出或涌出；n.喷泉；源泉 ‎17．absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地 ‎18．suit n．一套外衣；套装；vi.适合；使适宜→suitable adj.适合的，适宜的 ‎19．potential n．潜在性；可能性；潜能；adj.可能的；潜在的 ‎20．actual adj.实在的；实际的→actually adv.实际上；事实上；真实地 Ⅲ.写出下列短语(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎21．适合；适于be suitable for ‎22．组成；构成；编造make up ‎23．来自世界各地from all over the world ‎24．感到有活力feel alive ‎25．收集信息collect information ‎26．全部焚毁burn to the ground ‎27．亮如白昼as bright as day ‎28．前往make one’s way ‎29．靠近get close to ‎30．做研究do research Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题7分，满分35分)‎ ‎31．Yet，however weak we are，we are not completely powerless.‎ 然而，不论我们多么脆弱，我们并不是完全没有力量。‎ ‎32．However，the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth—the volcano.‎ 然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作我能帮助保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。‎ ‎33．The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.‎ 而像波浪一样顺着山坡缓缓流下的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。‎ ‎34．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.‎ 我刚要回去睡，这时突然我的卧室亮如白昼。‎ ‎35．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.‎ 另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ Sometimes working outdoors，sometimes in an office，sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists，I am never bored.‎ ‎(我)有时在户外工作，有时在办公室里，有时使用科学仪器，有时会见当地百姓和游客，我从不感到厌烦。‎ equipment n．[U]设备；装备 ‎※a piece of equipment一件设备 ‎※equip vt.装备，配备；使有能力 equip...with...用……装备……‎ equip sb.for (doing) sth.使某人为(做)某事而准备，使某人具备做某事的条件 ‎(1)The main duty of the fire prevention professionals is to check and maintain fire prevention equipment.(2018•天津)‎ 专业防火员的主要任务就是检查和维护防火设备。‎ ‎(2)The boys equipped themselves with food and water and then set off.‎ 男孩们带好水和食物就出发了。‎ ‎(3)The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.‎ 此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。‎ ‎(4)A lot of new equipment has been sent(send) to that area so far.‎ 到目前为止，很多新设备已经被送到了那个地区。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)EquippingEquipped with some tools，the farmers walked into the mountain.‎ ‎ I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.‎ 二十年前我被任命为一名火山学家，在夏威夷火山观测站(HVO)工作。‎ appoint vt.任命；委派 ‎※appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人为……‎ appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事 ‎※appointment n．约会；约定，预约；委任 make/have an appointment with sb.约见某人；与某人约会 ‎(1)I have decided to appoint you as/to be a vice manager of the company.‎ 我已经决定任命你为公司副经理。‎ ‎(2)The director appointed him to look(look) into those complaints.‎ 主任委派他去调查那些投诉。‎ ‎(3)I want to see Mr White.We have an appointment (appoint)．(2017•天津)‎ 我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(4)The young man felt excited as he was appointed to be the manager of the company.(改为非谓语动词作状语)‎ ‎→Appointed to be the manager of the company，the young man felt excited.‎ ‎ Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.‎ 收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家预测熔岩将往何处流，流速是多少。‎ evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计 ‎※evaluate sb.on...根据……评价某人 ‎※evaluation n．评估；评价；估计 make an evaluation of对……进行评估 ‎(1)Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.(2017•全国Ⅲ)‎ 做记录，并且每周评价一次。记下你的努力，写下你的感受。‎ ‎(2)We must evaluate her ability on her work.‎ 我们必须根据她的工作来评价她的能力。‎ ‎(3)We need to carry out a proper evaluation(evaluate) of the new system.‎ 我们需要对这套新体系做出一个正确的评价。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)我们需要评估一下这个政策效果怎么样。‎ ‎①We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.(evaluate)‎ ‎②We need to make an evaluation of how well the policy is working.(evaluation)‎ ‎ Unfortunately，we cannot move their homes out of the way，and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.‎ 遗憾的是，我们不可能把他们的家搬离岩浆流经之路，因此，许多房屋已经被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。‎ burn to the ground全部烧毁 burn down把……烧毁；渐渐烧完 burn oneself/sb.out耗尽体力；累垮 ‎(1)It is said that the factory was burned down.‎ 据说这家工厂被烧毁了。‎ ‎(2)By the age of 25 she was completely burnt out and retired from the sport.‎ 她到25岁时就已体力耗尽，退出了体坛。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(3)Word came that the factory had ∧been burned to the ground.‎ ‎ We had white protective suits that covered our whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves.‎ 我们都穿了遮住全身的白色防护服，戴上了头盔和特制手套，还穿了大靴子。‎ suit n．一套外衣；套装；vt.适合；使适宜 ‎※suit sb.(fine)合某人的意；对某人很合适 suit sth.to sb./sth.使某物适合某人/某物 ‎※suitable adj.适合的，适宜的 be suitable for sb./sth.适合于某人/某物 be suitable to do sth.适合做某事 ‎(1)If you want to go by train，that suits me fine.‎ 你要是想坐火车去，那很适合我。‎ ‎(2)This film is suitable(suit) for people of all ages to watch.‎ 这部电影适合各个年龄段的人观看。‎ ‎(3)These clothes are not suitable to wear(wear) on formal occasions.‎ 这些衣服不适合在正式的场合穿。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)The young man tried to suit his performance onto the audience.‎ ‎ It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre.‎ 穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓地往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的火山口的中央。‎ make one’s way去；前往 in the/sb.’s way挡道；碍事 on the way在路上；即将到来 lose one’s way迷路 ‎(1)They made their way to the coast and then by sea to France.‎ 他们先到海边，然后乘船去了法国。‎ ‎(2)Could you please remove the box？It is in the/my way.你可以把箱子搬走吗？它挡道了。‎ ‎(3)Look at the clouds！It is said that a heavy rain is on the way.看这些云！据说要下大雨了。‎ ‎(4)The man lost his way in the desert and was starved to death.‎ 这个人在沙漠中迷路了，最后饿死了。‎ 经典句式 ‎ I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.‎ 我刚要回去睡，这时突然我的卧室亮如白昼。‎ be about to do...when...正要做……这时……，句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”，常用于以下结构中：‎ be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……‎ be doing...when...正在做……这时……‎ had just done...when...刚做完……这时……‎ ‎(1)I was about to leave when he came in that day.那天我正要离开时他进来了。‎ ‎(2)She was on the point of going to bed when there was a power failure.‎ 她刚要去睡觉，这时突然停电了。‎ ‎(3)I had just finished my exam papers when the bell rang.我刚做完试卷铃就响了。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)The leaders were having a meeting whilewhen someone broke in.‎ ‎ The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.‎ 另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。‎ ‎※this being my first experience为独立主格结构，它是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。‎ ‎※独立主格结构的基本构成形式：名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/名词/介词短语等。‎ ‎(1)The music on，I can’t focus my mind on the work.‎ 音乐开着，我无法专注于自己的工作。‎ ‎(2)So many people to help him，he is sure to succeed.如此多的人帮助他，他一定会成功的。‎ ‎(3)The homework finished(finish)，the boy went out to play.完成了作业，这个男孩出去玩了。‎ ‎(4)The boy was lying on the ground，his eyes staring(stare) at the sky.‎ 男孩躺在地上，眼睛盯着天空。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)Other students were nervous，but this wasbeing my second time，I was quite relaxed.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The government has an interest in importing scientific equipment(equip)．‎ ‎2．There being(be) no taxi，we had to walk home.‎ ‎3．He is studying hard and making his way to a famous university.‎ ‎4．This programme is not suitable(suit) for children.‎ ‎5．Our department expects to make five new appointments(appoint) this year alone.‎ ‎6．He had no place to live in because his house had been burnt to the ground.‎ ‎7．I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.‎ ‎8．Having evaluated(evaluate) the situation of the patient，the doctor decided to operate on her at once.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎9．Time permitting，we will go for an outing tomorrow.‎ 时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。‎ ‎10．If not，let me know what time suits you best.‎ 如果不方便，请告诉我什么时间最适合你。‎ ‎11．You should equip your life with a good education.‎ 你应该用好的教育来充实你的生活。‎ ‎12．He was appointed to solve the problem of environmental pollution.‎ 他被委派去解决环境污染问题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．It was said that the volcano could erupt(爆发) at any time.‎ ‎2．The performance of each student is evaluated(评估) by their teachers.‎ ‎3．You can reduce long explanations to simple charts or diagrams(图表)．‎ ‎4．The violent eruption of volcanoes(火山) sometimes makes many people lose their lives.‎ ‎5．They walked alongside(沿着……的边) the road，talking happily.‎ ‎6．Since Mr Ma is on vacation，a new teacher must be appointed(委派) in time.‎ ‎7．She has acting potential(潜能)，but she needs training.‎ ‎8．Social life is the fountain(源泉) of wisdom of writers.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 make an appointment with，wave goodbye to，share...with...，protect...from...，be suitable for，be enthusiastic about，be amazed at，in the distance ‎9．My mother cried when I waved goodbye to her.‎ ‎10．Would this Sunday be suitable for you?‎ ‎11．I need to make an appointment with Mike to discuss the matter.‎ ‎12．He tried his best to protect his child from being hurt.‎ ‎13．The sound of the cheering faded away in the distance.‎ ‎14．You will be amazed at the progress we have made.‎ ‎15．He has always been enthusiastic about sports.‎ ‎16．Keep your fears to yourself but share your courage with others.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎17．Our milk powder is especially suitable(suit) for children under 6，as it helps a lot to build the body’s natural defence.‎ ‎18．A few days later，Vesuvius was in violent eruption(erupt)．‎ ‎19．On account of his knowledge of the mountainous country，John was appointed(appoint) as our guide when we climbed the mountain.‎ ‎20．It is absolutely(absolute) impossible to finish it in five days.‎ ‎21．I have my doubts that anyone has actually(actual) followed the procedures strictly.(2017•天津)‎ ‎22．To my surprise，he waved(wave) his hand and walked away.‎ ‎23．—Will Harry be able to begin soon?‎ ‎—Yes.He has all the equipment(equip) he needs now.‎ ‎24．Don’t leave the gas on or you might burn the house down.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎25．He was about to go out when his friend called him up.‎ 他正要出门，这时他的朋友给他打电话。‎ ‎26．The whole village was burnt to the ground in that big fire.‎ 整个村庄在那场大火中被全部焚毁。‎ ‎27．His holiday being over，he returned to his home and prepared for work.(独立主格结构)‎ 由于假期结束了，他回到家里为工作做准备。‎ ‎28．The highway policeman waved us to stop.‎ 高速交警挥手让我们停车。‎ ‎29．Having had a good rest，they started to make their way up the mountain.‎ 休息好了之后，他们开始向山上前进。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have existed on the planet，and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330,000 pounds.But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have ‎ migrated from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since commercial whaling ended in 1965.‎ The researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska since 1997.Four of these whales were recognized as ones that were once sighted off California shores，suggesting that the whales are returning to an old migration pattern between the coasts.‎ Before commercial whaling began in the early 1900s，blue whales were found widely throughout the North Pacific and California waters.But from the 1920s to the 1960s，whaling severely reduced the whale populations.Blue whales never recovered in the Northern Pacific，making sightings in this areas rare.However，much larger groups of whales have been observed close to California since the 1970s.‎ The scientists had previously thought that the California population was separate from the population that had historically lived in North Pacific waters.But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.‎ To identify the blue whales，the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean and compared them with a library of blue whale pictures taken along the West Coast of the United States and Southern Pacific.Up to now，the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration patterns，but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions.‎ 语篇解读　蓝鲸是世界上已知的最大的动物。研究发现，在1965年禁止商业捕捞之后，其迁移路线发生了很大的变化。‎ ‎30．According to the passage，blue whales are .‎ A．following a fixed route of migration B．dying out due to commercial whaling C．moving from the south to the north D．rarely found in the Southern Pacific 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have migrated from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since commercial whaling ended in 1965.”可知，自从商业捕鲸在1965年结束以来，加利福尼亚海域的鲸首次从加利福尼亚海域往加拿大和阿拉斯加海域迁徙，即由南往北迁徙。故选C项。‎ ‎31．The whale population in the northern Pacific .‎ A．is different from the California population B．is probably part of the California population C．has become the largest group since the 1970s D．has lived there since the 1960s 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，科学家本以为加利福尼亚海域的鲸与北太平洋海域的鲸是分离的。但是目前的研究表明，不列颠哥伦比亚省(加拿大西部)和阿拉斯加海湾的鲸很可能 是加利福尼亚鲸群的一部分。由此可推断，北太平洋海域的鲸可能是加利福尼亚鲸群的一部分。故选B项。‎ ‎32．The underlined word “cetaceans” in Paragraph 5 probably means “ ”．‎ A．land creatures B．whale species C．ocean conditions D．migration patterns 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，为了识别蓝鲸，研究者们研究了在北太平洋拍的鲸类的照片，并把它们与美国西海岸和南太平洋的蓝鲸的照片进行对比。蓝鲸属于鲸类，同类相比才有意义，由此可猜测，cetaceans的含义与whale有关，故选B项。‎ ‎33．What might make blue whales migrate according to the researchers?‎ A．Commercial whaling. B．Weather conditions.‎ C．Life reproduction. D．Food resources.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“...but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions.”可知，研究者怀疑，由于海洋环境的变化，鲸跟随它们的食物向更北的地方迁移。故选D项。‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 The year is 2094.It has been announced that comet(彗星) is heading towards the Earth.Most of it will miss our planet，but two pieces will probably 34 the southern half of the Earth.‎ On 17 July，a 35 which is four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s 36 with a massive explosion.About half of the piece is destroyed，but the 37 part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of 38 .The sea 39 and a huge hole is made in the sea bed.Huge waves are created and spread out from the hole.The wall of water，a kilometer high，rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour.Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are 40 .‎ Before the waves reach South America，the second piece of the comet 41 in Argentina.Earthquakes and Volcanoes are 42 off in the Andes Mountains.The shock 43 move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean.The cities of Los Angeles，San Francisco and Tokyo are completely 44 by earthquakes.Millions of people in the 45 half of the earth are already dead，and the 46 won’t be safe for long.Because of the explosions，the sun is 47 by clouds of dust，and temperatures around the world fall to almost zero.Crops are ruined.The sun won’t be seen again for many years.Wars 48 as countries fight for 49 .A year later，no more than 10 million people remain 50 .‎ Could it really 51 ？In fact，it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth.Science shows that dinosaurs(恐龙) 52 on the Earth for over 160 million years.Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared.Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of heavenly object.The dinosaurs couldn’t live through the cold 53 that followed and they died out.Will we meet the same end?‎ 语篇解读　彗星撞击地球，会造成什么样的灾难性的后果？‎ ‎34．A.attack B．hit C．beat D．damage 答案　B 解析　此处指彗星撞击(hit)地球。beat意为“反复的击打”；attack攻击；damage毁坏。‎ ‎35．A.piece B．comet C．part D．half 答案　A 解析　此处指两块中的一块进入大气层。a piece与第一段中的two pieces相照应。‎ ‎36．A.air B．environment C．situation D．atmosphere 答案　D 解析　此处指彗星碎块进入大气层(atmosphere)。air空气；environment环境；situation情况。‎ ‎37．A.rest B．other C．remaining D．half 答案　C 解析　该彗星碎块的一部分已经毁灭，剩下的部分和地球相撞。rest不能作定语，只能用the rest of sth.。‎ ‎38．A.sound B．voice C．earth D．air 答案　A 解析　以两百倍于声速的速度才符合科学常识。‎ ‎39．A.burns B．destroys C．harms D．boils 答案　D 解析　大海沸腾起来，而不是燃烧起来。harm和destroy不合题意。‎ ‎40．A.dead B．lost C．died D．damaged 答案　A 解析　好几百万人丢失了生命。dead表示死亡的状态；die表示死亡的动作。‎ ‎41．A.enters B．comes C．flies D．lands 答案　D 解析　另一块彗星降落在阿根廷境内。land着陆。‎ ‎42．A.sent B．set C．caused D．made 答案　B 解析　火山和地震被引发。set sth.off引发某物强烈发生。‎ ‎43．A.rocks B．waves C．earth D．shakes 答案　B 解析　shock waves冲击波，符合题意，而且在本段的第一句中已出现。‎ ‎44．A.damaged B．changed C．ruined D．injured 答案　C 解析　由文意可知，这些城市完全被毁灭。ruin毁灭。‎ ‎45．A.southern B．northern C．western D．eastern 答案　A 解析　由第一段最后一句可知，这两块彗星会击中南半球。‎ ‎46．A.north B．south C．west D．east 答案　A 解析　前后两句应该为并列关系。上句是南半球的情况，则下句“北半球”符合句意。‎ ‎47．A.colored B．hidden C．polluted D．shut 答案　B 解析　根据下文中的“The sun won’t be seen again for many years.”可知，此处指太阳被云层所遮盖。‎ ‎48．A.come out B．turn out C．take place D．break out 答案　D 解析　break out(战争)爆发。 come out出来；turn out结果是；take place发生。‎ ‎49．A.water B．money C．food D．the earth 答案　C 解析　由上文中的“Crops are ruined.”可知，国与国之间会为争夺粮食而战。‎ ‎50．A.on the moon B．on the comet C．in the ocean D．on the earth 答案　D 解析　一年后，地球上剩下的人仅仅有一千万。‎ ‎51．A.be true B．happen C．hit the earth D．destroy the earth 答案　B 解析　这种事情真的会发生吗？happen发生。‎ ‎52．A.have been B．had been C．were D．would be 答案　C 解析　研究发现，恐龙曾经在地球上生活过1.6亿多年。并没有延续到现在，所以不能用现在完成时态；另外，shows是现在时态，所以答案也不能用过去完成时态。‎ ‎53．A.day B．climate　C．earth D．weather 答案　B 解析　恐龙不能在寒冷的气候中生存，因此灭绝了。climate气候；weather常指短期的天气变化，故选B。‎ Ⅶ.语法填空 ‎(2018•湖南株洲质检)‎ Located in a natural depression in Guizhou，China’s Fivehundredmeter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope， 54 (know) as FAST，has identified six pulsars(脉冲星) after one year of trial operation.It is the first time that Chinese scientists have discovered pulsars using a radio telescope independently developed by Chinese scientists，thus 55 (open) a “new era of Chinese original space discovery”．‎ It is truly encouraging for China to have achieved such results in just one year.Since the first pulsar 56 (discover)，over 2,700 pulsars have been identified.But almost all of them are 57 the scope of the Milky Way(银河系)．Being the world’s largest radio telescope，FAST is expected to capture pulsars outside the galaxy.Apart from the massive size，it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity，allowing scientists 58 (find) previously hidden stars.Moreover，FAST is capable of surveying the night sky for multiple 59 (science) data at once， 60 enables astronomers to jumpstart many science goals.Its innovative engineering concept and design pave 61 new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way.‎ China’s FAST science impact on astronomy will be extraordinary，and has the potential to revolutionize other 62 (area) of the natural sciences.It 63 (remain) the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years.‎ 语篇解读　文章报道了中国科学家第一次使用自主研发的射电望远镜发现并确定了六颗脉冲星。‎ ‎54．答案　known 解析　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，句中主语Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope和动词know是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填known。‎ ‎55．答案　opening 解析　考查现在分词。此处thus指代“这是中国科学家第一次使用由中国科学家自主研发的射电望远镜发现脉冲星”。这一发现和动词open是主动关系，此处作状语用动词ing形式，指“这一发现开创了中国原创空间探索的新时代”，故填opening。‎ ‎56．答案　was discovered 解析　考查动词的时态和语态。句中主语the first pulsar和动词discover是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，指“第一个脉冲星被发现”，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was discovered。‎ ‎57．答案　in/within 解析　考查介词。此处指几乎所有的脉冲星都在银河系的范围内，表示“在……之内”，故填in/within。‎ ‎58．答案　to find 解析　考查动词不定式。表示“允许某人做某事”用allow sb.to do sth.，故填to find。‎ ‎59．答案　scientific 解析　考查形容词。此处修饰名词data用形容词，指“科学的数据”，故填scientific。‎ ‎60．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which引导，指代前面整个句子，故填which。‎ ‎61．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。句中road是单数可数名词，此处指“其创新的工程理念和设计铺设了一条新路”，故填a。‎ ‎62．答案　areas 解析　考查名词。句中area是可数名词，由other修饰用复数形式，指其他领域。故填areas。‎ ‎63．答案　will remain 解析　考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语the next 10 to 20 years可知用一般将来时，表示在未来10到20年将保持全球领先地位。故填will remain。‎ Period Three　Learning about Language & Using Language ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎1．candidate n．候选人；候补者 ‎2．threat n．恐吓；威胁 ‎3．bungalow n．平房；小屋 ‎4．thunderstorm n．雷暴 ‎5．novelist n．小说家 ‎6．document n．文件；证件 ‎7．rainbow n．彩虹 ‎8．balcony n．阳台 ‎9．tremble vi.摇晃；摇动；颤抖 ‎10．sweat n．汗；vi.出汗 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10小题；每题3分，满分30分)‎ ‎11．precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的 ‎12．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的→comfortable adj.舒适的→comfort vt.& n．安慰 ‎13．unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的→conscious adj.有知觉的；清醒的 ‎14．shootvt.射中；射伤 ‎15．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的→anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望 ‎16．panic v．&n.惊慌 ‎17．diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性 ‎18．bathe vi.洗澡；游泳 ‎19．appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢→appreciate v．感激；欣赏 ‎20．guarantee vt.保证；担保 Ⅲ.写出下列短语(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎21．匆匆看一遍；浏览glance through ‎22．保持着它的原始状态be kept in its natural state ‎23．由……到……不等vary from...to...‎ ‎24．为……的栖息地；原产地be home to...‎ ‎25．多种多样的a great diversity of ‎26．全部结冰；冰封freeze over ‎27．得到……回报/奖赏be rewarded with ‎28．产生；分娩give birth to ‎29．有……的天赋have a gift for ‎ ‎30．像湖水一样幽深而长久as deep and lasting as the lake itself Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题6分，满分30分)‎ ‎31．It takes about an hour to climb from the end of the road to the top of the mountain.‎ 从路的尽头到山顶大约要爬一个小时。‎ ‎32．When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters，but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.‎ 你一到达山顶就会得到回报——你不仅可以看到天池那清澈的湖水，而且可以看到天池四周其他16座山峰的景色。‎ ‎33．Having swallowed the fruit，the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy.‎ 姑娘吞食了这个果子，后来就怀孕了。之后她生下了一个漂亮的男孩。‎ ‎34．It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.‎ 据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。‎ ‎35．If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one，don’t forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.‎ 如果你有幸和你的爱人一起游览天池，不要忘了许个愿来保证你们的爱情像湖水一样幽深而长久。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.Find out the main idea of each paragraph.‎ Para.1　　　　A．Stories about Tianchi.‎ Para.2　　　　B．Make a wish to guarantee your love.‎ Para.3　　　　C．The introduction of Tianchi.‎ Para.4　　　　D．The introduction of Changbaishan.‎ 答案　Para.1：D　Para.2：C　Para.3：A　Para.4：B Ⅱ.Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.‎ ‎1．Changbaishan is China’s largest .‎ A．botanical garden B．manmade park C．nature reserve D．natural animal reserve 答案　C ‎2．Changbaishan is famous for its .‎ A．various height B．rare plants C．rare animals D．natural state 答案　D ‎3．Which animals are NOT seen in the reserve of Changbaishan?‎ A．Cranes. B．Leopards.‎ C．Lions. D．Tigers.‎ 答案　C ‎4．Which of the following statements is NOT right about Tianchi?‎ A．Tianchi is surrounded by sixteen mountain peaks.‎ B．People go bathing in Tianchi in winter.‎ C．Tianchi has formed in the crater of a dead volcano.‎ D．The water in Tianchi is very clear.‎ 答案　B ‎5．What is the most popular tourist attraction in the reserve?‎ A．Thick forest.‎ B．Tianchi.‎ C．Rare plants and animals.‎ D．The spectacular waterfalls.‎ 答案　B ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ I was so anxious and couldn’t move at first.‎ 我是如此紧张，开始的时候，一点也挪不动。‎ anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的；急切的；渴望的 ‎※be anxious to do sth.急于做某事 be anxious for/about sb./sth.担心/忧虑某人/某事 be anxious for sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事 be anxious that...(that从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略)急切希望……‎ ‎※anxiety n．忧虑，担心；渴望 with anxiety焦虑地 ‎(1)Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious.(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ 我们中的一些人很自信，渴望参加班级活动，而其他人有些紧张和焦虑。‎ ‎(2)The woman was anxious for all the guests to leave(leave) her house.‎ 这个女人非常希望所有客人都离开她家。‎ ‎(3)He was praised for his anxiety(anxious) for knowledge.人们称赞他求知的渴望。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)莉莉盼望见到她的父亲。‎ ‎①Lily was anxious to see her father.(简单句)‎ ‎②Lily was anxious that she (should) see her father.(复合句)‎ ‎ I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.‎ 我感到非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。‎ panic vi.& vt.(panicked；panicked)惊慌；n.惊慌，惊恐 panic sb.into doing sth.使某人惊慌地做某事 get into a panic陷入恐慌 in panic惊慌失措地；处在恐慌中 ‎(1)The girl is in a state of panic.Try to help her cool down.‎ 这个女孩惊恐万分。努力帮她平静下来吧。‎ ‎(2)The big fire panicked him into jumping from the third floor to the ground.‎ 大火吓得他从三楼跳到了地上。‎ ‎(3)When the people heard the news，they fled the village in panic.‎ 人们听到这个消息后，惊慌失措地逃离了这个村子。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)When the fire broke out，all the people got into ∧a panic.‎ ‎ The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.‎ 这里地面的高度从海拔700米到2 000多米不等，是多种多样稀有动植物的生长地。‎ vary from...to...从……到……不等 ‎※vary in sth.在某方面不同 vary with...随……而变化 ‎※a variety of/varieties of＝various多种多样的 ‎(1)These kids vary in height from 100 cm to 120 cm.‎ 这些孩子的身高由100厘米到120厘米不等。‎ ‎(2)The students’ work varies considerably in quality.学生们的作业质量差别很大。‎ ‎(3)They discussed various(vary) matters all over the world.‎ 他们讨论了全世界各种各样的事件。‎ ‎[句型转换]‎ ‎(4)The shop offered various goods and attracted many visitors.‎ ‎→The shop offered a variety of goods and attracted many visitors.‎ ‎ If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one，don’t forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.‎ 如果你有幸和你的爱人一起游览天池，不要忘了许个愿来保证你们的爱情像湖水一样幽深而长久。‎ guarantee vt.保证；担保；n.保证；保证书；担保；抵押品 guarantee to do sth.保证做某事 guarantee that...保证……‎ guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.向某人担保某事 give sb.a guarantee that...向某人保证……‎ under guarantee在保修期内 ‎(1)We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.‎ 在雾天我们不能保证火车准时到达。‎ ‎(2)We guarantee to be(be) here tomorrow.我们保证明天到这儿。‎ ‎(3)Don’t worry！The watch is still under guarantee.别担心！这块表还在保修期内。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)他向我保证一周内将货送到。‎ ‎①He guaranteed me that he would deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee vt.)‎ ‎②He gave me a guarantee that he would deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee ‎ n．)‎ 经典句式 It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.‎ 据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。‎ ‎※It is said that...据说……。类似的句型结构有：It is proved/announced/believed/expected/ stated/thought/reported/...that...等。‎ ‎※上述句型可改为sb./sth.is said/proved/announced/...to do/to be doing/to have done，根据动词不定式和谓语动词之间的时间关系来确定使用不定式的一般式、进行式还是完成式。‎ ‎(1)It is thought that eating too much sugar does harm to our health.‎ 人们认为，吃糖太多对健康有害。‎ ‎(2)It is expected that you will come back together.‎ 人们期望你们一起回来。‎ ‎(3)It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against illness.‎ 已经证实，小时候多吃蔬菜有助于保护你免受疾病的困扰。‎ ‎[句型转换]‎ ‎(4)It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school.(改为简单句)‎ ‎→John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Perfect satisfaction is guaranteed(guarantee)to our customers.‎ ‎2．The people were panicked(panic) into buying food and water.‎ ‎3．Anxiously(anxious)，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit.‎ ‎4．Make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety(vary) of answers.‎ ‎5．He is thought to have acted(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎6．We will meet with quantities of people，varying from the old to the young(由老年人到年轻人不等)．‎ ‎7．It is reported that(据报道) the UN Conference will be held in Istanbul.‎ ‎8．We waited with anxiety(我们焦急地等待)for the news of her safe arrival.‎ ‎9．She got into a real panic (她十分惊慌)when she thought she’d lost the tickets.‎ ‎10．We guarantee to deliver your goods(保证交货) within a week.‎ Ⅲ.课文短文改错 ‎ Changbaishan is at Jilin Province.It is kept in its natural state for visitor to enjoy it.The height of the land varies 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres.It is home for many plants and animals.Many people come here to study the unique plants and animals when others come to see the spectacular waterfalls.But，the most popular attraction in the reserve are Tianchi，or the Lake of Heaven.If you are luck enough to ‎ visit it with your loved one，don’t forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as deeply and lasting as the lake itself.‎ 答案 ‎ Changbaishan is atin Jilin Province.It is kept in its natural state for visitorvisitors to enjoy it.The height of the land varies ∧from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres.It is home forto many plants and animals.Many people come here to study the unique plants and animals whenwhile others come to see the spectacular waterfalls.ButHowever，the most popular attraction in the reserve areis Tianchi，or the Lake of Heaven.If you are lucklucky enough to visit it with your loved one，don’t forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as deeplydeep and lasting as the lake itself.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The whole house trembled(摇晃) when the train went by.‎ ‎2．Already they were sweating(流汗) as the sun beat down upon them.‎ ‎3．He made that mistake unconsciously(无意识地)，which made him upset.‎ ‎4．The fear of all kinds of examinations can be a source of deep anxiety(焦虑) to many students.‎ ‎5．The thunder panicked(使惊慌) the horse into running away.‎ ‎6．After countless interviews and presentations，I managed to stand out among the candidates(候选人) and survive the test alone.‎ ‎7．The doctor advised him to bathe(沐浴) in the sun’s rays if he wanted to keep fit.‎ ‎8．He expressed his appreciation(感激) for what we had done for his daughter.‎ ‎9．Our Standard Course guarantees(保证) a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language.‎ ‎10．Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books，which are more precious(珍贵的) to her than mountains of gold.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎11．We all got into a panic on hearing the explosion.‎ ‎12．I would appreciate it if you let me take part in the party.‎ ‎13．I will guarantee to prove(prove) every statement I made.‎ ‎14．Since he took over the case，he has always been receiving threatening(threat) emails.‎ ‎15．As the birds rise，the hunters shoot at them.‎ ‎16．The girl came running to the cinema only to be told(tell) the tickets had been sold out.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎17．He has earned enough money to live in a comfort for the rest of his life.‎ ‎18．The new soldier shot ∧at the target，but missed it again.‎ ‎19．He gave me ∧a guarantee that it would never happen again.‎ ‎20．The poor little girl，trembledtrembling and frightened，ran out of the dark room.‎ ‎21．They are anxiousanxiously waiting for a decision.‎ ‎22．The fashion of the youth has been varyvarious these years.‎ ‎23．Not only dodid they bring snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.‎ ‎24．It is said ∧that the power of nature is very strong.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎25．Having finished washing all the clothes，she switched on the TV.‎ 洗完了所有的衣服后，她打开了电视。‎ ‎26．He was anxious to know what had happened.‎ 他急于知道出了什么事。‎ ‎27．The computer is still under guarantee.‎ 这台电脑仍在保修期内。‎ ‎28．The animal’s body temperature varies with weather.‎ 动物的体温随着天气的变化而变化。‎ ‎29．It is thought that the air in the countryside is fresher than that in the city.‎ 人们认为乡下的空气要比城里更清新。‎ ‎30．He has immigrated to Australia，thus leaving his family in Hong Kong.‎ 他已经移民澳洲，留下他的家人在香港。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 A In the summer of 1978 an English farmer was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered that some of his wheat was lying flat on the ground.The flattened wheat formed a circle about six meters across.Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat.The five circles were in a formation(结构) like five dots.During the following years，farmers in England found the strange circles in their fields more and more often.‎ The circles are called “crop circles” because they appear in the fields of grain—usually wheat or corn.The grain in the circles lies flat on the ground but is never broken；it continues to grow，and farmers can later harvest it.Farmers always discover the crop circles in the morning，so the circles probably form at night.They appear only in the months from May to September.‎ At first，people thought that the circles were a hoax.Probably young people were making them as a joke，or farmers were making them to attract tourists.To prove that the circles were a hoax，people tried to make circles exactly like the ones that farmers had found.They couldn’t do it.They couldn’t enter a field of grain without leaving tracks，and they couldn’t flatten the grain without breaking it.‎ Many people believe that beings from outer space are making the circles to communicate with us from far away and that the crop circles are messages from them.‎ Scientists who have studied the crop circles suggested several possibilities.Some scientists say that a downward rush of wind leads to the formation of the circles—the same downward lash of air that sometimes causes an airplane to crash.Other scientists say that forces within the earth cause the circles to appear.There is one problem with all these scientific explanations：crop circles often appear in formations，like the fivedot formation.It is hard to believe that any natural force could form those.‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述了“麦田怪圈”以及人们对其可能形成的原因的猜测。 ‎ ‎31．In the summer of 1978，an English farmer discovered in his field that .‎ A．some of his wheat had fallen onto the ground B．some of his wheat had been damaged C．his grain was growing up in circles D．his grain was moved into several circles 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知选A。‎ ‎32．The underlined word “hoax” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”．‎ A．a research on the force of winds B．an attempt made to fool people C．an experiment for the protection of crops D．a special way to plant crops 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下一句“Probably young people were making them as a joke，or farmers were making them to attract tourists.”可知选B。‎ ‎33．Which of the following may prove that the crop circles are NOT made by man?‎ A．The farmers couldn’t step out of the field.‎ B．The farmers couldn’t leave without footprints.‎ C．The farmers couldn’t make the circles round.‎ D．The farmers couldn’t keep the wheat straight up.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知选B。‎ ‎34．One explanation given by scientists for the crop circles is that they are made by .‎ A．air movement B．airplane crashes C．unknown flying objects D．new farming techniques 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Some scientists say that a downward rush of wind leads to the formation of the circles—the same downward lash of air that sometimes causes an airplane to crash.”可知选A。‎ B Nick Hancock hopes to set a new record by living alone for 60 days on a small island in the Atlantic.‎ Tom McClean，an SAS soldier who holds the solo record for occupying Rockall for 40 days in 1985，told Hancock that being alone for two months was the greatest challenge Hancock would have to face.‎ ‎“I’m fully expecting it to be tough，” Nick Hancock said，“I’m hoping that by doing my daily tasks fairly slowly，I’m going to be able to keep most of my time busy.I think the worst times will come if I’m boxed up for several days by bad weather.”‎ Hancock hopes to land on Rockall in early June and will carry out the last tests of his boat next week.He has a small wind turbine(风电机) and a solar panel for power，more than two months’ food，a satellite phone and a laptop loaded with ebooks to ‎ keep him going.Hancock will update an adventure blog，texting messages out on Twitter and emailing his wife Pam and friends every day.‎ Rockall has been occupied before，most famously by McClean but also by three Greenpeace campaigners，who set the longstay record of 42 days in 1997 by occupying the rock in protest at oil and gas exploration in the area.‎ The last human inhabitants Hancock knows of are a small group of Belgian amateur radio enthusiasts，who are interested in broadcasting from distant islands；they were on Rockall overnight in late 2010.‎ Hancock has no large support team behind him.Except for the coastguard(海岸警卫队)，his only lifeline will be the Orca Ⅲ，the passenger boat which will take him to Rockall.‎ 语篇解读　Nick Hancock打算在大西洋的一个小岛上独自居住60天来刷新纪录。本文介绍了他出发前的相关准备和带的必备物品。‎ ‎35．Nick Hancock’s main goal is to .‎ A．protest at oil and gas exploration in the Atlantic B．show his ability to adapt himself to bad conditions C．prove broadcasting from distant islands can be possible D．challenge the previous record of living alone on Rockall 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“Nick Hancock hopes to set a new record by living alone for 60 days on a small island in the Atlantic.”可知选D。‎ ‎36．According to Tom McClean，the biggest challenge Hancock would meet was .‎ A．loneliness B．bad weather C．lack of food D．communication 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...told Hancock that being alone for two months was the greatest challenge Hancock would have to face.”可知选A。‎ ‎37．To keep his time busy on Rockall，Hancock will .‎ A．do his daily tasks slowly B．write a book C．think of his wife D．surf online 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I’m hoping that by doing my daily tasks fairly slowly，I’m going to be able to keep most of my time busy.”可知选A。‎ ‎38．How will Hancock get to Rockall?‎ A．On the coastguard’s boat.‎ B．On a passenger boat.‎ C．On his own plane.‎ D．On a passenger plane.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...his only lifeline will be the Orca Ⅲ，the passenger boat which will take him to Rockall.”可知选B。‎ Ⅵ.七选五 We are all familiar with the procrastination(拖延) phenomenon.When we procrastinate，we waste our free time and put off important tasks we should do till it’s too late. 39 Here，I will share my personal steps which I use to overcome procrastination with great success.‎ Break your work into little steps.Part of the reason why we procrastinate is because we find the work too overwhelming(巨大的) for us.Break it down into little parts，and then focus on one part at a time.If you still procrastinate after breaking it down，then break it down even further. 40 ‎ Change your environment. 41 Look at your work desk and your room.Do they make you want to work or do they make you want to sleep? If it’s the latter，you should begin to change your workspace.‎ Create a detailed timeline with specific deadlines.Having just one deadline for your work is like an invitation to procrastinate. 42 Break down your project，and then create an overall timeline with specific deadlines for each small task.In this way，you know you have to finish each task by a certain date.‎ ‎ 43 I’m pretty sure if you spend just 10 minutes talking to people like Steve Jobs or Bill Gates，you’ll be more inspired to act than if you spend the 10 minutes doing nothing.The people we are with influence our behavior.‎ A．Tell others about your goals.‎ B．Hang out with people who inspire you to take action.‎ C．Having a companion makes the whole process much more fun.‎ D．Different environments have different impacts on our productivity.‎ E．And when it is indeed too late，we panic and wish we had started earlier.‎ F．That’s because we would keep pushing everything back until it’s too late.‎ G．Soon，your task will be so simple that you will be thinking you can do it now.‎ 语篇解读　几乎人人都有做事拖拉的恶习，本文就如何避免拖拉提出了几点建议。‎ ‎39．答案　E 解析　E项和上一句语义衔接，对上一句中的too late之后的情形进一步补充。把事情拖得太晚，我们就会恐慌，希望自己要是早点儿开始就好了。‎ ‎40．答案　G 解析　上文讲“把任务进一步细分”，故G项“你的工作会非常简单，你觉得你现在就可以完成它”符合语境。‎ ‎41．答案　D 解析　根据该空前的“Change your environment.”和该空后的“...to change your workspace.”可知，D项符合本段大意。‎ ‎42．答案　F 解析　F项对上一句进行了解释。上句讲“只定一个截止日期很容易让我们工作拖拉”，故F项“因为我们总是会把任何事都推后，直到最晚”符合语境。‎ ‎43．答案　B 解析　本段主要说的是别人对我们的激励，因此选B项作为本段标题。‎ Ⅶ.微写作 ‎ 写作素材 (关于火山)‎ ‎1．从图表中我们能发现活火山的分布地带。‎ ‎2．火山爆发会引起恐慌，将所经之处的一切焚烧殆尽。‎ ‎3．事实上，空气中的火山灰使飞机无法飞行。‎ ‎4．每个人都对它们能造成巨大损害的潜力感到惊讶。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。‎ ‎ 连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ ‎ We can find in the diagram where the active volcanoes lie. When they erupt，they cause panic and everything in its path is burned to the ground. Actually，ashes in the air make it impossible for flights to work. Everyone is amazed at their potential to cause great damage.‎ Period Four　Grammar—Revising the ing form ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题 ‎1．Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.‎ ‎2．Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already，I didn’t take much notice.‎ ‎3．Having studied volcanoes now for many years，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.‎ ‎4．Having swallowed the fruit，the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy.‎ ‎1．在所有这4个句子中，现在分词短语都使用了完成式，原因是分词短语所表示的动作先于句子的谓语动作发生。‎ ‎2．在句1和句4中，分词短语作时间状语；在句2中，分词短语作原因状语；在句3中，分词短语作让步状语。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、动词ing形式的时态、语态及意义 动词 形式 意义 以do为例 一般式doing 主动式doing 与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 ‎ 被动式being done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生 ‎ 完成式having done 主动式having done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生 ‎ 被动式having been done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生 Edison left America，preferring to giving up his fortune.‎ 爱迪生离开了美国，宁愿放弃他的财产。‎ Having finished my work，I went home.‎ 工作做完之后，我就回家了。‎ Having been held back by the traffic jam，she couldn’t get there on time.‎ 她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。‎ 二、动词ing形式作状语 动词ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。‎ ‎1．时间状语 动词ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生(动词ing的完成时所表示的动作先于主句的动作)，有时可由连词when，while，after引出。‎ Hearing the result(＝When I heard the result)，I couldn’t help jumping.‎ 听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。‎ Having made full preparations(＝After we have made full preparations)，we are ready for the examination.‎ 做了充分的准备之后，我们准备参加考试。‎ ‎2．原因状语 可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换。‎ Being so excited(＝As he was so excited)，he couldn’t go to sleep that night.‎ 由于非常激动，那晚他没睡着。‎ Having lived in the city for many years(＝Since I had lived in the city many years)，I knew it well.‎ 因为在这个城市住了许多年，所以我对它很了解。‎ ‎3．条件状语 可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。‎ Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons)，you will succeed.‎ 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。‎ Not making good use of the time(＝Unless you make good use of the time)，you’ll regret.‎ 如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。‎ ‎4．结果状语 表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。‎ His father died，leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money/which left him a lot of money)．‎ 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。‎ ‎5．让步状语 可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。‎ Knowing all this(＝Although they knew all this)，they made me pay for the damage.‎ 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。‎ Having made up my mind(＝Though I had made up my mind)，I still wanted to play.‎ 尽管我已下定决心，我仍然想玩。‎ ‎6．方式或伴随状语 不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。‎ The girls came into the classroom，singing and dancing(＝and they sang and ‎ danced)．‎ 女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。‎ He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for a long time)．‎ 他躺在草地上，盯着天空看了很长时间。‎ 三、动词ing形式作状语的注意事项 ‎1．逻辑主语 动词ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。‎ Being ill，he didn’t attend the wedding.‎ 因为生病，他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill.)‎ ‎2．独立结构 有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语，这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的，因此又叫独立主格结构，其构成形式是“名词/代词＋v.ing”。‎ She being ill，her mother had to look after her at home.她生病了，母亲不得不在家照顾她。‎ The meeting being over，we went to play football.‎ 会议一结束，我们就去踢足球了。‎ ‎3．独立成分作状语 有些动词ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：‎ generally speaking　　　　　　 一般说来 strictly speaking 严格说来 judging from/by 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration 考虑到 supposing 假设；如果 providing 如果 assuming 假使 Generally speaking，as a foreign language，Chinese is more difficult to learn than English.‎ 一般说来，作为一门外语，汉语要比英语难学。‎ ‎4．连词＋现在分词 由when/while/after/before/once/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋现在分词”的结构形式。‎ Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university.‎ ‎＝Though they lacked money，his parents managed to send him to university.‎ 尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Traveling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018•北京)‎ ‎2．However，those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people ‎ like their posts”，suggesting(suggest) a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.(2018•江苏)‎ ‎3．For many，finding(find) an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source(来源) of temptation(诱惑)．(2018•北京)‎ ‎4．Removing(remove) him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling(sell) off the Mona Lisa.(2018•浙江)‎ ‎5．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.(2017•天津)‎ ‎6．Many Chinese brands，having developed(develop) their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017•江苏)‎ ‎7．People probably cooked their food in large pots，using(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.‎ ‎(2016•全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎8．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.(2016•天津)‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎1．My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoyenjoying the biscuits with happy laughter!(2015•陕西，短文改错)‎ ‎2．After lookslooking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing.(2015•全国Ⅱ，短文改错)‎ ‎3．One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，havehaving our barbecue.(2014•陕西，短文改错)‎ ‎4.HaveHaving tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.‎ ‎(2013•新课标全国Ⅱ，短文改错)‎ ‎5.FeltFeeling hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(2013•陕西，短文改错)‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Using(use) your head，you will find a better way to solve it.‎ ‎2．Seeing(see) the terrible scene，the girl was too frightened to move.‎ ‎3．Weather permitting(permit)，we’ll go for a picnic the day after tomorrow.‎ ‎4．Having been taught(teach) many times，the girl still looked puzzled.‎ ‎5．While surfing(surf) the Internet，the man found the interesting news.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎6．While waitedwaiting，I was reading some old magazines.‎ ‎7．There beingwere no classes today，so we went to the park.‎ 或There being no classes today，so we went to the park.‎ ‎8．The terrible snowstorm left，causedcausing great damage to the crops.‎ ‎9.WorkedWorking hard at all your lessons，you will succeed sooner or later.‎ ‎10．Having ∧been warned several times，he still forgot the meeting.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，turning(turn) the old town into a ‎ dreamland.‎ ‎2．Having missed(miss) the bus，we had to walk home.‎ ‎3．Watching(watch) the play，she couldn’t keep back her tears.‎ ‎4．Not knowing(not，know) how to do it，he turned to the engineer for help.‎ ‎5．It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.‎ ‎6．You can complete the work ahead of time if taking(take) my advice.‎ ‎7．Having collected(collect) all the necessary materials，she began to write her report.‎ ‎8．Having been appointed(appoint) as chairman，Tony held a family gettogether to celebrate it.‎ ‎9．He turned off the light，seeing(see) nothing.‎ ‎10．The volcano erupted，resulting(result) in the death of many creatures.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎11．When you are crossing the road，please be careful.‎ ‎→When crossing the road，please be careful.‎ ‎12．Because I don’t know his telephone number，I can’t ring him up.‎ ‎→Not knowing his telephone number，I can’t ring him up.‎ ‎13．Though he knows where I live，he never comes to see me.‎ ‎→Knowing where I live，he never comes to see me.‎ ‎14．Work diligently，and you’ll certainly succeed.‎ ‎→Working diligently，you’ll certainly succeed.‎ ‎15．Because it hadn’t been repaired for a long time，the machine gave out a strange noise.‎ ‎→Not having been repaired for a long time，the machine gave out a strange noise.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎16．On the other hand，I will help set up the English Corner，providing us students a platform to practice our oral English.‎ 另一方面，我将帮着建立英语角，提供给我们学生一个练习英语口语的平台。‎ ‎17．Having been ignored for a long time，the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.‎ 因长时间被忽视，坐在后面的那个男孩感到枯燥就出去了。‎ ‎18．Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.‎ 因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。‎ ‎19．More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.‎ 中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。‎ ‎20．One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to go to his flat as soon as possible.‎ 一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。‎ ‎21．It being Sunday，I didn’t need to get up early this morning，so I stayed in bed until 9 am.‎ 因为是周日，我今早不必早起，所以一直睡到早上九点。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A good book is indeed the best friend of a person.The same goes for highprofile CEOs of world recognized companies as well.Let’s have a look at the favorite books of some worldfamous CEOs.‎ Apple CEO－Tim Cook，Competing Against Time by George Stalk，Jr.and Thomas M．Hout This book is based on 10 years of precious research done by the authors.It talks about how newer ideas of managing time in new product development，production and sales and distribution(分销) provide companies with the edge to succeed in this highly competitive world.‎ Microsoft CEO (Former)—Bill Gates，The Catcher in the Rye by J．D. Salinger A few themes explored in the novel are rebellion(叛逆)，anxiety and confusion.It tells that young people are a little confused，but can be smart about things and see things that adults don’t really see.Gates said，“I didn’t actually read The Catcher in the Rye until I was 13，and ever since then I’ve said that’s my favorite book.”‎ Oracle CEO—Larry Ellison，Napoleon by Vincent Cronin This book is considered by far the best biography(传记) ever written on the great general，Napoleon Bonaparte.Ellison said，“It’s interesting to read about him for a couple of reasons：to see what one man of humble birth can do with his life，and to see how history can distort(歪曲) the truth entirely.”‎ OWN CEO—Oprah Winfrey，To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee This book talks about how a little girl observes the people around her.Winfrey said，“I read it in eighth or ninth grade，and I was trying to recommend the book to other kids.So it makes sense to me that now I have a book club，because I have been doing that probably since I read this book.”‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。一本好书的确能成为一个人最好的朋友。这对于全球知名公司的CEO来说也适用。让我们一起来看看这些知名的CEO最爱读的书吧。‎ ‎22．What is the theme of Competing Against Time?‎ A．How to increase production.‎ B．How to improve efficiency.‎ C．How to enrich experience.‎ D．How to save energy.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It talks about how newer ideas of managing time...provide companies with the edge to succeed in this highly competitive world.”可知，这本书的主题是在新产品研发、生产、销售和分销方面的时间管理的更新的概念在竞争激烈的世界里如何给公司提供成功的优势，由此可推知，它的内容主要涉及如何提高效率。‎ ‎23．Which may be chosen by parents to learn about rebellious kids?‎ A．Competing Against Time. B．The Catcher in the Rye.‎ C．Napoleon. D．To Kill a Mockingbird.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A few themes explored in the novel are rebellion(叛逆)，anxiety and confusion.It tells that young people...”可知，这本书的主题是未成年人的叛逆、焦虑和迷茫，因此父母如果想了解叛逆的孩子，可能会选择这本书。‎ ‎24．Who enjoys reading the life story of a great person?‎ A．Tim Cook. B．Bill Gates.‎ C．Larry Ellison. D．Oprah Winfrey.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This book is considered by far the best biography(传记) ever written on the great general，Napoleon Bonaparte.”可知，《拿破仑传》是关于伟人拿破仑的传记，它是Larry Ellison最喜欢的书，故选C。‎ ‎25．What can be inferred from Winfrey’s words?‎ A．She loved reading when young.‎ B．She read the book with other kids.‎ C．The book has an influence on her career.‎ D．The book is about a girl’s thoughts.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据题干中的Winfrey可把解题关键定位到最后一段，根据本段中的“So it makes sense to me that now I have a book club，because I have been doing that probably since I read this book.”可知，《杀死一只知更鸟》这本书促使Winfrey成立读书俱乐部，即这本书对她的事业有影响。‎ Ⅴ.完形填空 As a boy，I was always small for my age.I was also five years younger than one of my brothers and seven years younger than the other.As a result，I often felt 26 when their friends came over to play.I was either too 27 or too young for whatever they were doing and they didn’t want their younger brother to listen to their 28 either.More often，I found myself outside playing alone and feeling 29 .‎ I remember one spring afternoon feeling especially 30 as I sat in the yard behind our house.We lived miles from town and I could 31 see my own friends outside of school.I heard my brothers 32 from inside the house and felt a single tear coming down my cheek.At that moment I saw a 33 walking over to me.He looked happy. 34 he didn’t know me，he 35 me like a longlost friend，licking(舔) my chin and sitting beside me on the spring grass.It must have been for at least an hour that I talked to this fourlegged angel.He let me pour out all my 36 and shared my deepest thoughts before he 37 my cheek goodbye and walked either to heaven or his home.I went back inside feeling 38 ，knowing that no matter what life may hold I was 39 .Now over 40 years later，I still 40 that cute angel with a smile.I believe that he was sent at that moment of 41 to remind me how much I am loved.‎ ‎ 42 ，nothing else in the world brings us greater 43 than knowing we are loved.Knowing we are loved gives us the 44 to love others as well.Knowing we are loved 45 us to make the earth more beautiful.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是家中较小的孩子，比他大的孩子都不和他玩，因此作者倍感孤独和伤心。有一天一只可爱的狗前来陪伴作者，使他终于有了好心情。‎ ‎26.A.left out B．worn out C．cared about D．talked about 答案　A 解析　作者的年纪比别人小，大家都不和作者玩，因此作者感到有一种被忽略(leave out)的感觉。wear out用坏，磨损；care about关心；talk about谈论。‎ ‎27．A.smart B．shy C．quiet D．small 答案　D 解析　此处与后面的“or too young”相呼应，故选D。作者要么个头小(small)，要么年纪小，别人都不和他玩。‎ ‎28．A.arguments B．conversations C．complaints D．songs 答案　B 解析　哥哥们和别人谈话时不让作者听。conversation谈话，符合语境。argument争论；complaint抱怨；song歌曲。‎ ‎29．A.cheated B．needed C．forgotten D．protected 答案　C 解析　根据语境可知，作者经常独自一人在外面玩，感觉好像被人忘记了。forget忘记，符合语境。‎ ‎30．A.excited B．proud C．calm D．lonely 答案　D 解析　根据上文的内容可知，此处应表示作者感到相当孤独。下文中的“felt a single tear”也是提示。‎ ‎31．A.already B．rarely C．never D．always 答案　B 解析　因为作者住得离镇子有好几英里远，所以在校外就几乎不(rarely)能看到自己的朋友了。‎ ‎32．A.laughing B．crying C．singing D．reading 答案　A 解析　这是一种强烈的对比，哥哥们在屋子里面有说有笑(laugh)，玩得非常开心，而作者却暗自流泪。‎ ‎33．A.fish B．duck C．bird D．dog 答案　D 解析　根据下文中的“licking”和“this fourlegged angel”等提示可知答案。‎ ‎34．A.Even though B．Now that C．In case that D．As long as 答案　A 解析　根据语境可知，虽然(even though)它不认识作者但却和作者打招呼，像久别的朋友一样。‎ ‎35．A.recognized B．called C．greeted D．hugged 答案　C 解析　参见上题解析。表示“打招呼”要用greet。‎ ‎36．A.promises B．shortcomings C．plans D．troubles 答案　D 解析　根据上文的内容可知，这里指令作者感到苦恼的事情(trouble)。‎ ‎37．A.touched B．kissed　C．cleaned D．hit 答案　B 解析　此处是说作者对这只狗倾诉了至少一个小时后，狗与作者吻别。kiss one’s cheek是固定用法，意为“亲吻某人的脸颊”。‎ ‎38．A.happy B．bored C．terrible D．confident 答案　A 解析　狗在作者最孤独的时候前来陪伴作者并且听作者诉苦，倾诉之后的作者回到家中自然感到好受多了，所以选择A。‎ ‎39．A.praised B．rejected C．punished D．loved 答案　D 解析　狗的到来也使作者认识到无论生活怎么样，总有人在爱着(love)自己。‎ ‎40．A.doubt B．notice C．believe D．remember 答案　D 解析　四十多年过去了，作者到现在还能够记得(remember)那个可爱的天使。‎ ‎41．A.pleasure B．pride C．sadness D．anger 答案　C 解析　上文多处描写了作者的孤独与伤感。作者认为在自己悲伤(sadness)的时刻它被派来提醒自己被深深地爱着。‎ ‎42．A.In total B．In all C．In truth D．In detail 答案　C 解析　此处是作者的感悟。in truth＝in fact实际上。in all总计，与in total是同义词。in detail详细地。‎ ‎43．A.difficulty B．danger C．joy D．success 答案　C 解析　实际上没有什么比知道我们被爱会更加让我们高兴(joy)的了。‎ ‎44．A.strength B．suggestion C．warning D．limit 答案　A 解析　知道有人爱着我们会使我们有力量(strength)去爱他人。‎ ‎45．A.forces B．persuades C．forbids D．helps 答案　D 解析　本句与上一句形成递进关系，故helps符合语境，即“知道我们被爱帮助我们使地球变得更美好”。‎ Ⅵ.语法填空 It is hard to believe but it is a whole decade 46 Apple launched the first iPhone in 2007.During this time，the company has released many different models of its famous smartphone，and most of them set 47 example for the rest of the industry.On Sept.13, Apple CEO Tim Cook released the company’s 48 (late) model，the iPhone X.‎ Of the several new 49 (feature) the iPhone X includes, its wireless charging ability is one of the most talked about.While wireless charging isn’t new 50 some mobile phone users, it’s a feature that many iPhone users have wanted for a long time.Now, instead of searching for the charging cable that’s fallen behind your bed, you can 51 (simple) place your phone onto a wireless charging pad(垫板)．‎ Moreover, the fingerprint sensor 52 (replace) by Face ID.With it, iPhone X owners can unlock their phone and pay for things just by looking at the smartphone rather than having 53 (scan) their fingerprint.Face ID is the future of how we unlock our smartphones and protect our sensitive information.‎ Despite its new features，the iPhone X’s high price isn’t winning any fans over.With it 54 (go) on sale in China in October, it is now facing competition from many local brands，most of 55 have similar phones sold for much lower prices.‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述苹果公司在9月13日发布了苹果最新机型iPhone X，并且介绍了iPhone X的一些特点。‎ ‎46．答案　since 解析　考查连词。此处表示“自从2007年首部iPhone的发布”，用since引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎47．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。set an example for sb.为某人树立榜样，为固定搭配。‎ ‎48．答案　latest 解析　考查形容词。作定语修饰名词，表示“最新的”，用latest。‎ ‎49．答案　features 解析　考查名词的数。feature为可数名词，前面有several，所以用复数。‎ ‎50．答案　to 解析　考查介词。表示“对于”，用介词to。‎ ‎51．答案　simply 解析　考查副词。修饰动词用副词。‎ ‎52．答案　is replaced 解析　考查时态和语态。句子主语和replace之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据全文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时，所以用is replaced。‎ ‎53．答案　to scan 解析　考查固定搭配。have to do不得不做。‎ ‎54．答案　going 解析　考查with复合结构。it和go之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补。‎ ‎55．答案　which 解析　考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为brands，在非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以用which引导。‎ Ⅶ.短文改错 ‎(2018•河北正定中学高二期中)‎ When I was still young in my high school，my mother asked me to play basketball to lose weight.However，it was turned out to be a failure because I devoted my time on study.One day，a friend of mine contacted me and suggested that we started to swim.Without any hesitation，I agreed because we all thought that it was coolest thing in the world.I couldn’t forget the day on that I was thrown into the cold water.Fortunately，I survived.Honest speaking，I had a hard time recovered from the shock.Then my friend taught me to hold my breath underwater.Finally，I succeeded.Now realizing that taking exercises is beneficial to my health，I develop a strong taste for swimming，which become part of my life.‎ 答案　‎ ‎ When I was still young in my high school，my mother asked me to play basketball to lose weight.However，it was turned out to be a failure because I devoted my time onto study.One day，a friend of mine contacted me and suggested that we startedstart to swim.Without any hesitation，I agreed because we allboth thought that it was ∧the coolest thing in the world.I couldn’t forget the day on thatwhich I was thrown into the cold water.Fortunately，I survived.HonestHonestly speaking，I had a hard time recoveredrecovering from the shock.Then my friend taught me to hold my breath underwater.Finally，I succeeded.Now realizing that taking exercisesexercise is beneficial to my health，I develop a strong taste for swimming，which becomebecomes part of my life.‎ Period Five　Writing—Descriptive writing：‎ description of a tourist attraction ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 本单元的写作任务是介绍旅游景点。旅游景点介绍实质上是说明文的一种，所以它首先要具备说明文的特点，即要按照一定的结构顺序(时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等)和模式(先总后分、由整体到局部、由概述到细节等)来展开描写。其次，要重点突出，详略得当。写作时不要面面俱到，应重点描写该旅游景点的特别之处，突出其特色(如其独特的自然风景、历史典故、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗或名胜古迹等)，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。最后，语言要生动，富有感染力，使读者有身临其境之感且产生强烈的旅游欲望。‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎1．说明要介绍的旅游景点是什么，具有哪些重要性和突出性特点。‎ ‎2．注意文章的结构：开头一般先说明景点的位置；然后介绍景点的路线和风景；最后对景点进行总结评价。‎ ‎3．找准时态和人称。常用一般现在时；人称通常用第一人称和第三人称。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．It lies/is located/situated...in(范围内)/on(有接壤或在边界上)/to(范围外)...‎ 它位于……‎ ‎2．The city has/covers/takes up an area of...square metres.‎ 这座城市占地……平方米。‎ ‎3．Surrounded by mountains on three sides，the small village faces a clear river on the east.‎ 小村庄三面环山，东面有一条清澈的小河。‎ ‎4．It is a famous street with a history of over...years.‎ 这是一条有着超过……年历史的著名街道。‎ ‎5．The places around our city are rich in natural resources.‎ 城市周围的这些地方自然资源丰富。‎ ‎6．Wherever you go，there are plenty of activities to choose from.‎ 无论你到哪里，都有足够的活动供你选择。‎ ‎7．The place is wellknown/famous for its seafood and fresh fruit.‎ 这个地方以海鲜和新鲜的水果而著名。‎ ‎8．It has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world.‎ 它已经成为世界上最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。‎ ‎9．The weather there is pleasant.It’s neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter.‎ 那里气候宜人，冬暖夏凉。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 根据以下提示写一篇关于伦敦的旅游景点介绍。‎ 一座艺术气息和历史氛围浓郁的都城，一个重要的政治中心，一处巨大的金融市场。‎ 金融广场(Square Mile) 最古老的地方；常住人不是很多；每天却有30万人在此工作。‎ 伦敦西区(West End) 繁忙的购物和娱乐区。‎ 伦敦东区(East End) 伦敦港(the Port of London)；移民最先到达的地方；在此成功举办2012年奥运会；当地人希望这个区的住房、教育和工作机会能够得到改善。‎ 伦敦是一个“乡村集散地”(a collection of villages)，每个地方都有自己的特色和社区，因此要全面描述伦敦是很困难的。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 审题 ‎ ‎1．确定体裁：本文为说明文；‎ ‎2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称；‎ ‎3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。‎ ‎ 谋篇 ‎ 本文可以分为三个部分：‎ 第一部分，整体介绍。‎ 第二部分，分区介绍。‎ 第三部分，总结全文。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 必备词汇 ‎ ‎1．充满be full of ‎2．政治中心a political center ‎3．一个巨大的金融市场a huge financial market place ‎4．伦敦最古老的地方the oldest part of London ‎5．一个繁忙的购物和娱乐区a busy shopping and entertainment district ‎6．成功举办…… hold sth.successfully ‎ 关键句式 ‎ ‎1．伦敦是一座艺术气息和历史氛围浓郁的都城，一个重要的政治中心，一处巨大的金融市场。‎ London is a capital city full of art and history，an important political centre and a huge financial market place.‎ ‎2．金融广场是伦敦最古老的地方。‎ The Square Mile is the oldest part of London.‎ ‎3．并不是太多的人居住在那里。‎ There are not many people living there.‎ ‎4．每天30万人在此工作。‎ ‎300,000 people work there every day.‎ ‎5．伦敦西区是繁忙的购物和娱乐区。‎ West End is the busy shopping and entertainment district.‎ ‎6．伦敦东区包含伦敦港。‎ East End contains the Port of London.‎ ‎7．那是移民最先到达的地方。‎ It is the place where many immigrants first arrived.‎ ‎ 句式升级 ‎ ‎1．用含有同位语的句子改写句1。‎ London，a capital city full of art and history，is an important political centre as well as a huge financial market place.‎ ‎2．用定语从句及with的复合结构连接句2、句3和句4。‎ The Square Mile is the oldest part of London，where there are not many people living，with 300,000 people working there every day.‎ ‎3．用while及which引导的定语从句连接句5、句6和句7。‎ West End is the busy shopping and entertainment district while East End contains the Port of London，which is the place where many immigrants first arrived.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇100词左右的英语短文。‎ ‎ 参考范文 ‎ London，a capital city full of art and history，is an important political centre as well as ‎ a huge financial market place.‎ The Square Mile is the oldest part of London，where there are not many people living，with 300,000 people working there every day.West End is the busy shopping and entertainment district while East End contains the Port of London，which is the place where many immigrants first arrived.The Olympics were successfully held in 2012 in London，whose people hope that housing，education and employment for many people in this area will improve.‎ As a city made up of a collection of villages，it is difficult to describe London in every aspect，for each of the villages has its own character and community.‎ 单元知识滚动练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．They are carrying out a piece of research to find even cheaper substitutes(替代品) for those fuels(燃料)．‎ ‎2．After a long walk last night，he refreshed(使恢复) himself with a cool shower.‎ ‎3．That island has a mild(温和的) climate and you can go there for a rest.‎ ‎4．People who eat slowly tend to consume(消耗) about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.‎ ‎5．The wind made little waves(波浪) on the pond.‎ ‎6．A family break allows you to spend precious(珍贵的) time together.‎ ‎7．The request for money made them feel uncomfortable(不舒服的)．‎ ‎8．The building houses a wide and diverse(多种多样的) variety of toys.‎ ‎9．It is difficult to evaluate(评估) the damage to this village.‎ ‎10．The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat(威胁) to agriculture.(2017•江苏)‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 on behalf of，come about，go up，keep on，make one’s way，compare with，a variety of，glance through，be home to，be anxious about ‎11．If he had kept on his way for another hour，he would have reached the village.‎ ‎12．The price of oil has gone up by over 50 percent in less than a year.‎ ‎13．We are still wondering how it came about that the experiment ended in failure.‎ ‎14．On behalf of all the guests here，I wish to thank you for giving us this warm reception.‎ ‎15．Short as he was，the little boy managed to make his way through the crowd.‎ ‎16．The wetlands are home to a large variety of wildlife.‎ ‎17．Compared with the sun，the moon is much smaller.‎ ‎18．He was anxious about his family，who were travelling abroad.‎ ‎19．Since he has a variety of interests，his life is full of fun.‎ ‎20．I’m glancing through the reports about the economic crisis now.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎21．He took a book at random from the shelf and began to read.‎ ‎22．My father usually subscribes to China Daily，and he will renew his subscription.(subscribe)‎ ‎23．“I didn’t mean to upset you，” he said mildly(mild)．‎ ‎24．Though he is less than one year old，he is strong enough to walk steadily(steady)．‎ ‎25．The committee opposed changing(change) the regulations.‎ ‎26．The woman was standing there，waving(wave) goodbye to her son.‎ ‎27．Three professors were asked to make an evaluation(evaluate) of the teaching plan.‎ ‎28．Having finished(finish) the housework，the woman went to bed.‎ ‎29．There are different varieties(various) of plants in the garden，which are very beautiful.‎ ‎30．The company decided to buy some imported modern equipment(equip)．‎ ‎31．The bank was panicked(panic) into selling dollars that day.‎ ‎32．The old man showed little appreciation(appreciate) of good music.‎ ‎33．It was too cold outside and the girl stood there，trembling(tremble) with cold.‎ ‎34．The old man expressed his anxiety(anxious) about the air pollution.‎ ‎35．Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time?‎ Ⅳ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎36．A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，resultedresulting in an increase in production.‎ ‎37．One of the reasons why huge quantities of good soil isare being washed away is that floods happen frequently in that area.‎ ‎38．Everyone and everything seems normal from a distance，or inat a glance.‎ ‎39．A big fire broke out last night；as thea consequence，the house was completely destroyed.‎ ‎40．I was about to get out of the room wherewhen the door was opened.‎ ‎41．Her work doingdone，she sat down for a cup of coffee.‎ ‎42．The little boy has a gift tofor language and promises to be a famous speaker.‎ ‎43．If the printer should break down under the guarantee，we would repair it at our expense.‎ ‎44．Last night the middleaged woman gave birth forto a lovely baby.‎ ‎45．The fans were anxiouslyanxious to see the famous player from the USA.‎ Ⅴ.单元语法——用v.ing形式改写下列句子 ‎46．Because he was ill，he didn’t go to school.‎ ‎→Being ill，he didn’t go to school.‎ ‎47．When she was walking along the street one day，she met an old friend of hers.‎ ‎→Walking along the street one day，she met an old friend of hers.‎ ‎48．If it is sunny，we’ll go for a picnic tomorrow.‎ ‎→It being sunny，we’ll go for a picnic tomorrow.‎ ‎49．After she had sold out the vegetables，the little girl headed home.‎ ‎→Having sold out the vegetables，the little girl headed home.‎ ‎50．Because they had been warned by the teacher，they didn’t make such mistakes.‎ ‎→Having been warned by the teacher，they didn’t make such mistakes.‎ 单元知识回顾——默写练习(三)‎ Ⅰ.单元知识回顾(共30小题；每题2分，满分60分)‎ ‎1．写出与equip有关的短语 ‎(1)一件设备a piece of equipment ‎(2)用……装备……equip...with...‎ ‎(3)使某人为(做)某事而准备，使某人具备做某事的条件equip sb.for (doing) sth.‎ ‎2．写出与appoint有关的短语 ‎(1)任命某人为……appoint sb.as/to be...‎ ‎(2)委派某人做某事appoint sb.to do sth.‎ ‎(3)约见某人；与某人约会make/have an appointment with sb.‎ ‎3．写出与evaluate有关的短语 ‎(1)根据……评价某人evaluate sb.on...‎ ‎(2)对……进行评估make an evaluation of ‎4．写出与burn有关的短语 ‎(1)全部烧毁burn to the ground ‎(2)把……烧毁；渐渐烧完burn down ‎(3)耗尽体力；累垮burn oneself/sb.out ‎5．写出与suit有关的短语 ‎(1)使某物适合某人/某物suit sth.to sb./sth.‎ ‎(2)适合于某人/某物be suitable for sb./sth.‎ ‎(3)适合做某事be suitable to do sth.‎ ‎6．写出与way有关的短语 ‎(1)去；前往；获得成功make one’s way ‎(2)挡道；碍事in the/sb.’s way ‎(3)在路上；即将到来on the way ‎(4)迷路lose one’s way ‎7．写出与anxious有关的短语 ‎(1)担心/忧虑某人/某事be anxious for/about sb./sth.‎ ‎(2)渴望某人做某事be anxious for sb.to do sth.‎ ‎(3)焦虑地with anxiety ‎8．写出与panic有关的短语 ‎(1)使某人惊慌地做某事panic sb.into doing sth.‎ ‎(2)陷入恐慌get into a panic ‎(3)惊慌失措地；处在恐慌中in panic ‎9．写出与vary有关的短语 ‎(1)在某方面不同vary in sth.‎ ‎(2)随……而变化vary with...‎ ‎(3)多种多样的a variety of/varieties of＝various ‎10．写出与guarantee有关的短语 ‎(1)保证做某事guarantee to do sth.‎ ‎(2)向某人担保某事guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.‎ ‎(3)在保修期内under guarantee Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每题4分，满分20分)‎ ‎11．The police hurried to the spot，only to be told that the damaged car had been taken away.‎ 警察赶到现场，却被告知受损的汽车已经被带走。‎ ‎12．It is reported that the Shenzhou Ⅺ manned spacecraft has been put into orbit.‎ 据报道，神舟十一号载人飞船已被送入轨道。‎ ‎13．He was about to take the key out when the door was opened.‎ 他正要拿出钥匙这时门开了。 ‎ ‎14．Lionel Messi，having set the record for the most goals in a calendar year，is considered the most talented football player in Europe.‎ 里奥内尔•梅西创下了年度进球最多的纪录，因此他被认为是欧洲最有天赋的足球运动员。 ‎ ‎15．There being all play and adventure in my childhood/My childhood full of play and adventure，no one could have passed a happier childhood than I.‎ 我的童年充满了嬉戏和冒险，没人能像我那样度过一个快乐的童年。(独立主格结构)‎ Ⅲ.知识运用于语境(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ A Volcanic Eruption As the best candidate，I 16.was appointed(appoint) to collect and evaluate information for a database about diverse natural disasters，such as hurricanes，typhoons or thunderstorms.Sometimes I did this by giving out questionnaires to those 17.who went through them.But sometimes I had to go through actual 18.disasters(disaster) myself.The Musaki Volcano was one of them.‎ At that time，I lived in a bungalow alongside the volcano with a novelist，who came for the 19.appreciation(appreciate) of its eruption.One day,20.when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he was bathing inside，the volcano erupted unexpectedly.The ash and lava fountains 21.shooting(shoot) highly in the sky varied from 50 to 100 meters in height.It was absolutely 22.fantastic(fantasy)！I even noticed a rainbow appear in the fog caused by a heat wave.‎ But，glancing 23.around our surroundings，I foresaw the potential danger and found no guarantee of our safety.The uncomfortable gas almost made us 24.unconscious(conscious). Sweats of anxiety began to drop.Managing to stop panicking and trembling，we quickly put on our protective suits，helmets and boots and eventually made our way to a safe place.25.How lucky we were even though my precious equipment and documents were all burnt to the ground!‎ 核心素养拓展练 素养解读　2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面文段就是围绕“文化意识”这一学科素养展开的，文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象，旨在呼吁大家保护这些濒临消失的语言种类，保持语言的多样性。‎ 主题：语言　学科素养：文化意识 ‎(2018•全国Ⅰ，C) ‎ Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times ‎ there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by huntergatherers，small，tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.‎ Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.‎ At present，the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1,000；Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.‎ Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico (150)，Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one，with a questionmark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。‎ ‎1．What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?‎ A．They developed very fast.‎ B．They were large in number.‎ C．They had similar patterns.‎ D．They were closely connected.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有500万到1 000万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言。由此可推断，采猎文明时期的语言种类很多。‎ ‎2．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Complex. B．Advanced.‎ C．Powerful. D．Modern.‎ 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被如英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，这就暗示出这些语言是“占优势的”，故选C项(powerful强大的，有影响力的)。‎ ‎3．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?‎ A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400.‎ C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.‎ 答案　B 解析　数字计算题。根据第三段第一句“At present，the world has about 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上大约有6 800种语言；再根据该段最后一句“The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。‎ ‎4．What is the main idea of the text?‎ A．New languages will be created.‎ B．People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.‎ C．Human development results in fewer languages.‎ D．Geography determines language evolution.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象，故选C项。‎ Notes,Ⅰ.高频词汇 ‎1.populate vt.居住于；构成人口 ‎2.compulsory adj.义务的；强制的 ‎3.globalisation n.全球化；全球性 ‎4.distribution n.分布；分配 ‎5.uneven adj.不均匀的；不平坦的；参差不齐的 Ⅱ.长难句分析 The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.‎ 分析：这是一个由that 引导的表语从句。while 连接两个并列分句，hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers其实是一个省略句，完整的句子应该是hot，wet zones have lots of languages，and they are often spoken by small numbers of people。‎ 翻译：一般规律就是温带地区语言种类较少，但说这些语言的人数较多；而热带，潮湿的地区语言种类较多，但说这些语言的人数较少。‎ 单元检测卷(五)‎ 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)‎ 第一节　(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ ‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1．Where is Steven now?‎ A．At home.‎ B．At school.‎ C．In the hospital.‎ ‎2．What does the man want to do?‎ A．Surf the Internet.‎ B．Apply for a job.‎ C．Put an ad.‎ ‎3．What are the speakers talking about?‎ A．Toys.‎ B．Kids.‎ C．Pictures.‎ ‎4．What did Bob do yesterday?‎ A．He called Mark.‎ B．He watched a game.‎ C．He played computer games.‎ ‎5．Why does the man sound upset?‎ A．He was fed up with meetings.‎ B．He missed his flight.‎ C．He was late for work.‎ 第二节　(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ ‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6．What does the woman think of the man’s apartment?‎ A．Beautiful.‎ B．Untidy.‎ C．Large.‎ ‎7．What are the speakers going to do?‎ A．Have a meal together.‎ B．Clean up the room.‎ C．Go home.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8．Why does the man look pale?‎ A．He got sick.‎ B．He didn’t sleep well.‎ C．He argued with his manager.‎ ‎9．How are the man’s projects going?‎ A．He has finished all.‎ B．He hasn’t started yet.‎ C．He hasn’t completed any.‎ ‎10．What will the woman do to help the man?‎ A．Have a chat with him.‎ B．Talk with his manager.‎ C．Do the projects with him.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11．How did the man get the news?‎ A．From the TV.‎ B．From the Internet.‎ C．From the newspaper.‎ ‎12．What is the news about?‎ A．A crowded town.‎ B．A big disaster.‎ C．A donation.‎ ‎13．What will the speakers do first?‎ A．Make a phone call.‎ B．Donate some money.‎ C．Search for some information.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。‎ ‎14．What is War Craft Ⅱ？‎ A．A game.‎ B．A movie.‎ C．A toy.‎ ‎15．How does the man find the price of War Craft Ⅱ？‎ A．Too expensive.‎ B．Very normal.‎ C．Quite cheap.‎ ‎16．What do we know about the woman?‎ A．She lives in a shared room.‎ B．She has no interest in War Craft Ⅱ.‎ C．She likes watching movies in her spare time.‎ ‎17．What does the woman like about War Craft Ⅱ？‎ A．Sound.‎ B．Pictures.‎ C．Plots.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。‎ ‎18．Where can you hear this announcement?‎ A．In a library.‎ B．In a restaurant.‎ C．In a supermarket.‎ ‎19．When is the closing time?‎ A．8：45 pm.‎ B．9：00 pm.‎ C．10：00 pm.‎ ‎20．Where are the listeners asked to leave?‎ A．From the front doors.‎ B．From the back doors.‎ C．From the side doors.‎ 答案　1.C　2.B　3.C　4.B　5.C　6.B　7.A　8.B　9．C　10.A　11.C　12.B　13.C　14.A　15.B　16.A　17．B　18.C　19.B　20.C 听力材料 Text 1‎ W：Steven，have you got better now?‎ M：Yeah，the doctor said that I could leave soon.I really miss home.‎ Text 2‎ W：Hi.Can I help you，sir?‎ M：Yes.I’m interested in a job of your company posted on the Internet.‎ Text 3‎ W：Jack! Do you want to see a picture of my new puppy?‎ M：Sure.I thought people only showed off pictures of their new babies，not new pets!‎ Text 4‎ W：Mark? What were you up to yesterday? I called you，but nobody answered.‎ M：We went out to the stadium.Bob hadn’t been to a game for a few weeks.‎ Text 5‎ W：Hi，Francis，morning! How are you doing today?‎ M：I had a bad start of the day.I was stuck in a bad traffic jam on my way and I missed my morning meeting.‎ Text 6‎ M：Hi，Anna，come in.‎ W：Wow，your apartment is a mess.‎ M：I know.I didn’t have time to put things away before you got here.‎ W：Anyway，are you ready to go?‎ M：No，I’m not ready yet.I still have to brush my teeth and wash my face.Can you wait for a few minutes?‎ W：OK，but please hurry.I think the restaurant is closing soon.‎ Text 7‎ W：John，you look pale.What happened?‎ M：I stayed up last night.‎ W：Did you have something on your mind? You look so concerned! Maybe I can help you!‎ M：Well，I’m under a lot of pressure.My manager is very pushy.He assigned me two projects.Now the deadlines are near but I have finished neither of them.‎ W：Is there anything I can do for you?‎ M：Well，I guess no one can help me but myself.For the moment，I just need someone to talk to so that I can relieve my stress.‎ W：I know your feeling.Take it easy and say something to me if you like.‎ M：Oh，you are so kind.Thank you!‎ W：Not at all!‎ Text 8‎ W：Steven，why are you so depressed?‎ M：I’m feeling very sad.I just read the newspaper.‎ W：What’s the news?‎ M：According to the newspaper，the town was destroyed by an earthquake and more than 10 thousand people died in the earthquake.‎ W：It’s horrible.‎ M：Yeah，we have to do something to help the people in the stricken area.‎ W：Yes.How about donating some money?‎ M：It’s a good idea.But where can we donate money?‎ W：Just find the answer through the Internet.‎ M：Yes，let’s do it now.‎ Text 9‎ W：How do you like War Craft Ⅱ？‎ M：It’s a great game.There are a lot of new characters.‎ W：Did it cost very much?‎ M：It cost about thirty.Most games cost about that much.‎ W：My roommate always wants to play it.But I told her to buy her own game.‎ M：Yeah，my roommate likes to watch me play.He says it’s like watching a movie.‎ W：I’ve never seen such good pictures.‎ M：And I’ve never heard such good sound in a game.‎ Text 10‎ W：Good evening.Can I have your attention please? It is 8：45，and we will be closing in 15 minutes.Please bring any items you’d like to buy to one of the checkout stands.Those already in a checkout line by 9：00 will be served，but the front doors will be locked at that time，and we will not accept new customers in checkstand lines after 9：00.Once you have made your purchase，we ask that you leave from one of the two side doors.We thank you for shopping with us tonight，and remind you that we will open at 10：00 tomorrow morning.Thank you for your cooperation，and have a good night.‎ 第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节　(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A ‎(2017•江西新余高二检测)‎ Explore the State of California California is one of the most interesting states of America that offer a lot of wonderful sceneries and fun attractions.It is also the most populated state and the third largest in land area.Anyone who has been to California would agree that it is indeed a place that offers a lot to tourists of all ages.Here are some top picks of the best places to visit in California State.‎ San Francisco Bay Area—Witness the famous San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge which is one of the city’s landmarks，and enjoy the beauty of Fisherman’s Wharf that offers a lot of seafood restaurants.You should not miss the city’s worldfamous Cable Car System which is by far the only manually operated cable car system in the whole world.‎ Yosemite National Park—This is one of the very first wilderness parks in the whole ‎ of America.It is known for its natural beauty and breathtaking sceneries.It offers a breath of fresh air away from the city life.Major places to visit include the Yosemite Falls，Sentinel Dome，El Capitan，Mariposa Grove and Glacier Point among many others.‎ Los Angeles—Explore the home of the L．A.Lakers and do not fail to visit the Disneyland which is one of the major attractions of the city.The warm weather in Los Angeles makes it possible to do a lot of outdoor activities especially during the summer months.It is a familyfriendly place that offers a wonderful shopping and dining experience.For those who particularly love the city and night life，L.A.can offer the best of almost everything.‎ Napa Valley—With over a million visitors every year，Napa Valley is indeed a place you should not miss if you are in California.It is California’s most popular wine growing region.You can also experience the Wine Train and hot air balloon ride over the valley.‎ 语篇解读　本文介绍了加州的大体情况和一些旅游景点。‎ ‎21．From the first paragraph，we know that .‎ A．California is also the largest in land area B．California offers a lot to tourists of young people C．the State of California has the largest population in the US D．California is the most interesting state of America 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“It is also the most populated state and the third largest in land area.”可知，加州是美国人口最多的州。故选C。‎ ‎22．The underlined word “region” in the last paragraph may probably mean “ ”．‎ A．company B．area C．factory D．valley 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据上文“...Napa Valley is indeed a place you should not miss if you are in California.It is California’s most popular wine growing...”可知此处句意：Napa Valley确实是你在加州不该错过的地方，它是加州最受欢迎的葡萄酒产区。故可推知画线单词意为“地区”。‎ ‎23．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．Napa Valley will bring us a wonderful shopping and dining experience.‎ B．San Francisco Bay Area is California’s most popular wine growing region.‎ C．Los Angeles allows us to visit the Disneyland and enjoy almost everything.‎ D．In Yosemite National Park，we can see the Yosemite Falls and Golden Gate Bridge.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Los Angeles部分中的“Explore the home of the L．A.Lakers and do not fail to visit the Disneyland which is one of the major attractions of the city.”和“For those who particularly love the city and night life，L.A.can offer the best of almost everything.”可知选C。‎ B Canada has reintroduced some bisons(北美野牛) to the country’s oldest national park in Banff，Alberta，officials said on Monday，more than 130 years after the North American animal last appeared on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies.‎ The protection team moved a group of 16 bisons into enclosed(有围墙的) grassland in Banff National Park in the west of the province last week.The group will stay under observation in the remote Panther Valley until summer in 2018，when the animals will be released into the full 1,189 sqkm reintroduction zone in the park’s eastern valleys.‎ Parks Canada said bisons were once main grazers (planteaters) and that bringing them back would recover their missing role in Banff’s ecosystem(生态系统)．“This would be one of only four bison groups in North America that would be fully interacting with their predators (meateaters) and shaping the ecosystem as they did over a hundred years ago，” said Karsten Heuer，the bison reintroduction project manager.Those predators will include wolves and bears native to the park.‎ Ten pregnant female bisons and six young bulls were diseasetested before being driven 400 km across Alberta by truck.Since the Panther Valley is not easy to reach by road，officials attached the containers(集装箱) by a long line to a helicopter and flew them in one at a time for the last 25 km.‎ Vast bison groups of up to 30 m animals once lived freely across North America.The animal was nearly hunted to extinction，and park keepers estimate bisons have not grazed in Banff National Park since before it was set up in 1885.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。加拿大准备将北美野牛重新引入班夫国家公园以重塑公园的生态系统。‎ ‎24．Why did the protection team move bisons into enclosed grassland first?‎ A．To protect them. B．To observe them.‎ C．To cure their diseases. D．To make them adapt to the environment.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The group will stay under observation in the remote Panther Valley until summer in 2018”可知，保护团队首先将北美野牛迁入围栏草地是为了观察它们。‎ ‎25．Why did Canada reintroduce bisons to Banff National Park?‎ A．To reshape Banff’s ecosystem.‎ B．To make bisons grow stronger in the wild.‎ C．To recover their predators’ role in the ecosystem.‎ D．To make the oldest national park worth visiting.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Parks Canada said bisons were once main grazers (planteaters) and that bringing them back would recover their missing role in Banff’s ecosystem(生态系统)...and shaping the ecosystem”可知，将北美野牛引入班夫国家公园的目的是重塑该公园的生态系统。‎ ‎26．What’s the main reason for the great decrease of bisons?‎ A．Their predators. B．Worsened ecology.‎ C．Overhunting. D．Deadly diseases.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The animal was nearly hunted to extinction”可知，北美野牛大幅减少的主要原因是过度捕杀。‎ ‎27．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?‎ A．To show how to protect bisons.‎ B．To explain how to transport bisons to Banff.‎ C．To describe the living condition of bisons.‎ D．To inform readers that bisons are brought back to Banff.‎ 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。本文的写作目的是告知读者加拿大将北美野牛引入班夫国家公园的情况，故选D。‎ C ‎“Granny，what does it feel like to be almost 80 years old？” The question came up at the dinner table.I’ll never forget the look on my grandmother’s face.It was an expression that was nearly impossible for me to put into words.Granny took a breath and answered，“It feels ...impossible.”‎ Minutes later，Granny found herself in the backyard，sitting in a chair across from my sister Cailin and me.I delivered my first question，“Do you have any regrets？”‎ Granny surprised me by answering with a quick “No”．“I have no regrets.My secret is being true to yourself and ...maybe living each day to its fullest.There’s not one thing I would do differently.”‎ ‎“Then what advice would you give to your teenage self？” I asked.‎ ‎“I remember crying over silly things when I was your age and now I think I was silly getting upset over those things.I would go back and tell myself not to worry about small things.”‎ ‎ 　She continued to tell a story of a breakup she went through.I asked her if it felt like the end of the world at the time.“Oh，yes! And now we both laugh about it! That’s another thing I’d tell my teenage self—you gotta laugh every day.You can’t take life too seriously.Sometimes there are things that you just can’t do anything about，and all you can do is laugh and make the best of it.”‎ Cailin and I thanked Granny for this conversation.And I was ready to take on the world with an allnew outlook on life.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过和祖母交谈，学到了很多人生哲理。‎ ‎28．How did Granny feel about being almost 80 years old?‎ A．Proud. B．Amazed.‎ C．Puzzled. D．Curious.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Granny took a breath and answered，‘It feels ...impossible.’”可知，祖母对自己80岁的高龄感到有些不可思议。‎ ‎29．What does the underlined sentence mean?‎ A．Granny doesn’t regret her past doings at all.‎ B．If possible，Granny would do things differently.‎ C．In daily life，there are no things that look the same.‎ D．There is more than one thing that Granny wouldn’t do again.‎ 答案　A 解析　句意理解题。根据文章画线部分上文中的“I have no regrets.”可知，过去的一些事，祖母还是会那样做，她对过去做的事情没有遗憾。‎ ‎30．Which of the following are Granny’s suggestions?‎ ‎①Always take life seriously.‎ ‎②Live each day to its fullest.‎ ‎③Forget the past things.‎ ‎④Never worry about small things.‎ ‎⑤Laugh off what can’t be changed.‎ A．①③⑤ B．③④⑤‎ C．②④⑤ D．①②③‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...maybe living each day to its fullest”可知，②正确；根据第五段中的“I would go back and tell myself not to worry about small things.”可知，④正确；根据倒数第二段中的“...there are things that you just can’t do anything about，and all you can do is laugh and make the best of it.”可知，⑤正确。‎ ‎31．What is the main idea of this passage?‎ A．Some of Granny’s stories.‎ B．The key to having no regrets in life.‎ C．A special question at the dinner table.‎ D．Life advice from 80yearold Granny.‎ 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章讲述的是祖母给年轻人的一些建议。‎ D Earthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing.Their designers say with these robots，rescuers will be able to buy more time to save lives during an earthquake.‎ This robot，looking like a helicopter，is called the detector(探测器) bot.At about 4 metres long，it took about 4 years to develop the model.Its main functions are to collect information from the air，and deliver goods of up to 30 kilos to people trapped by an earthquake.‎ This robot is equipped with a high 360degree panoramic(全景的) camera.It can work day and night and also be able to send the latest pictures from the quake area.‎ Dr Qi Juntong，from Chinese Academy of Sciences，said，“The most important feature of this robot is that it doesn’t need distant control.We just set the information on it，and then it takes off，and lands by itself.It flies as high as 3,000 metres，and as fast as 100 kilometres per hour.”‎ This robot has a different function—it can change as the environment changes.Its main job is to search for any signs of life in places where human rescuers can’t go.‎ The robot is equipped with a camera that can work in the dark，as well as a detector that not only finds people，but can also detect poisonous gas.‎ Another use for the rescuers is the supply bot，with its 10metrelong pipe.People trapped in the ruins will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.‎ Experts have said that the robots will be produced，and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as next year.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。‎ ‎32．We can learn from the passage that the earthquake rescue robot .‎ A．is unable to deliver goods B．is designed to predict the earthquake C．can send pictures even at night D．can be used to clear away poisonous gas 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这款机器人会全天24小时工作，也就是说，即使在夜晚它也可以发送照片。‎ ‎33．According to Dr Qi Juntong，the earthquake rescue robot .‎ A．has a unique shape B．has more functions C．is equipped with more advanced cameras D．can work by itself once given the information 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，这款机器人不需要远程遥控，在设定信息后它可以自行工作。‎ ‎34．The robot can find people in an earthquake with the help of .‎ A．a remote control B．a detector C．a long pipe D．a helicopter 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段可知，这款机器人上的探测器可在地震灾区寻人。‎ ‎35．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．Some information about earthquakes.‎ B．How to build earthquake rescue robots.‎ C．An introduction to a kind of earthquake rescue robots.‎ D．Different earthquake rescue robots in the world.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。‎ 第二节　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Why Does Gratitude Matter?‎ Gratitude doesn’t just feel good. 36 Like other positive emotions，feeling grateful on a regular basis can have a big effect on our lives.Brain Research shows that positive emotions are good for our bodies，minds，and brains.‎ Positive emotions help us see more possibilities and take in more information.They increase our ability to develop skills. 37 .‎ People who often feel grateful and appreciative are happier，less stressed，and less depressed.Gratitude is like a Uturn on complaining or thinking about what we don’t have.‎ ‎ 38 When we feel grateful，we might also feel happy，calm，joyful，or glad.‎ Gratitude can lead to positive actions.When we feel grateful for someone’s kindness toward us，we may be more likely to do a kindness in return. 39 Thanking people ‎ can make it more likely that they’ll do a kindness again.‎ ‎ 40 When we feel and express heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to people in our lives，it creates loving bonds，builds trust，and helps you feel closer.‎ When we make it a habit to feel grateful and appreciative，it increases our awareness(意识) of good things as they happen.That set of attitude of gratitude has positive effects on our mood.‎ A．It might make you suffer a lot.‎ B．One positive emotion often leads to another.‎ C．Gratitude helps us build better relationships.‎ D．Forming a habit of gratitude can also be good for us.‎ E．In addition，they help us to learn and make good decisions.‎ F．Find out who you appreciate and what the reasons might be.‎ G．Your gratitude also can have a positive effect on someone else’s actions.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。感恩是一种心态，感恩能够带给我们很多好处。只有拥有一颗感恩的心，我们才能感到快乐和温暖。‎ ‎36．答案　D 解析　根据空前的“Gratitude doesn’t just feel good.”与空后的“feeling grateful on a regular basis can have a big effect on our lives”可知，D项“养成感恩的习惯对我们也会有好处”符合语境。‎ ‎37．答案　E 解析　前面提到了积极的情绪的好处，特别是“They increase our ability to develop skills.”，故可判断E项“除此之外，它们(积极的情绪)还帮助我们学习，作出好的决定”符合语境。‎ ‎38．答案　B 解析　根据空后的“When we feel grateful，we might also feel happy，calm，joyful，or glad.”可知，B项符合语境。‎ ‎39．答案　G 解析　根据空后的“Thanking people can make it more likely that they’ll do a kindness again.”可知，G项“你的感恩也可以对别人的行为产生积极的影响”符合语境。‎ ‎40．答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“it creates loving bonds，builds trust，and helps you feel closer”可知，感恩帮助我们建立更好的关系，故选C。‎ 第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节　(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ One of my favorite things in life is my monthly date night with my daughter.Now it has become our 41 to include some kind of Smile Card activity whenever we can.It’s very 42 today，so we thought we would make our 43 act something cool.We went to an ice cream shop and sat down at the table near the counter.‎ As we 44 our ice cream we told the woman that we’d like to buy ice cream f or the next person who came to the counter.After knowing my 45 ，the cashier was so excited and couldn’t wait for the 46 person.My daughter was also excited to 47 on our victims! ‎ About five minutes later the cashier 48 told us，“Oh，a mother and two little kids are coming！” As the woman ordered their ice cream and 49 for her wallet the cashier told her that someone wanted to buy her family’s ice cream.She couldn’t 50 it.“Seriously？”she asked with 51 .It was great.Rachel and I pretended not to notice.‎ The cashier，in the spirit of remaining anonymous(匿名的)，came over to “wipe off our table”，leaving our 52 without being seen.She was about as 53 as we were about our random act of kindness.‎ We took a napkin and wrote a 54 to the cashier thanking her for helping us help the others.We waited 55 she went to the back room and quickly placed the note，a nice tip，and a Smile Card on the counter，leaving the 56 before we were seen.‎ When we got home my daughter was 57 excited to tell her mom what we did.I love my date nights with my daughter more than 58 else in the world.What’s more，I 59 every moment with her.It is even more special that we 60 our Smile Card adventures together too.‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述了作者和女儿的一次善举。作者和女儿从做好事中获得了很大的快乐。‎ ‎41．A.practice B．custom C．chance D．interest 答案　A 解析　根据首段第二句可知，无论何时，做一些好事成了他们的一种惯例。practice名词，意为“惯例”。‎ ‎42．A.cold B．hot C．warm D．damp 答案　B 解析　根据下文“something cool”(凉爽的东西)，同时结合本段最后一句提到进了冰激凌店可知，这一天天气比较热。‎ ‎43．A.gratitude B．wisdom C．kindness D．courage 答案　C 解析　根据首段第二句提到做Smile Card“微笑卡”等以及结合第四段最后一句中act of kindness可知，这次他们打算做一些充满凉意的善举。‎ ‎44．A.dealt with B．turned down C．argued about D．paid for 答案　D 解析　根据空后的“our ice cream”以及“to buy ice cream for the next person”可知，作者在付款的同时告诉店员，他们打算为下一位来这个店消费的顾客付款。‎ ‎45．A.attempt B．honesty C．trust D．intention 答案　D 解析　根据第二段首句我们告诉了店员我们想做的事情可知，此处店员了解了作者的意图。intention意为“意图”。‎ ‎46．A.serious B．worried C．lucky D．anxious 答案　C 解析　根据本段第一句可知，作者打算为下一位来这个店消费的顾客付款，在店员看来，这个消费者是幸运的。‎ ‎47．A.spot B．spy C．take D．concentrate 答案　B 解析　根据第二段倒数第二句的描述可知，店员非常兴奋，等待那位幸运者，此处是女儿也非常兴奋，想发现这位幸运者。spy看见，找出。‎ ‎48．A.quietly B．madly C．perfectly D．strangely 答案　A 解析　根据第二段第二句店员知道了我们的意图可知，五分钟后，那位店员“悄悄地”告知我们幸运者出现了。‎ ‎49．A.reached B．searched ‎ C．thought D．stuck 答案　A 解析　根据第三段提到那位女士买冰激凌可知，那位女士伸手去拿钱包。reach for伸手去拿。‎ ‎50．A.face B．believe C．bear D．support 答案　B 解析　根据下文“‘Seriously？’ she asked...(她问道‘是真的吗？’)”可知，当店员告诉那位幸运的女士有人想为他们付钱时，她怀疑这个店员的话，不敢相信。‎ ‎51．A.shock B．pride C．doubt D．nerve 答案　C 解析　参考上题解析。with doubt怀疑地。‎ ‎52．A.order B．plate C．bowl D．change 答案　D 解析　根据前面的描述可知，我们为那位女士付款，此处是店员把找的零钱给我们送了过来。‎ ‎53．A.secret B．cautious C．favorite D．happy 答案　D 解析　前面已经提到店员非常兴奋，此处是店员和我们都非常高兴。‎ ‎54．A.note B．story C．report D．diary 答案　A 解析　根据后文“placed the note(放下了这个便条)”‎ 可知，此处是我们用餐巾纸写了一张便条。‎ ‎55．A.before B．until C．since D．while 答案　B 解析　根据第五段最后一句话可知，我们在她看到我们之前就已经离开了，所以此处的语境为：我们等待着直到那位店员进了后屋。‎ ‎56．A.counter B．money C．shop D．letter 答案　C 解析　根据第一段最后一句话可知，我们进了冰激凌店，此处指在我们被发现之前，我们离开了那家店。‎ ‎57．A.ever B．even C．just D．still 答案　D 解析　根据文意可知，回到家后女儿依然很兴奋，故选D。‎ ‎58．A.something B．anyone C．anything D．someone 答案　C 解析　此处表示我喜欢这样与女儿约定做善举远胜于世界上的一切。‎ ‎59．A.treasure B．desert C．make D．improve 答案　A 解析　此处是进一步说明作者珍惜(treasure)和女儿在一起的每一刻，尤其是那些和女儿共同做好事的时刻。‎ ‎60．A.spare B．share C．experience D．expect 答案　B 解析　解析见上题。share分享，符合语境。‎ 第二节　(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ It’s common to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes in a hurry through big cities in China.Some of them even risk 61 (run) red lights to deliver their meals in time.However，such careless behavior often causes serious problems.‎ The reason for the rise of such a careless behavior is that there is 62 large demand for food delivery workers，and many companies offer high salaries 63 (attract) new workers.‎ In fact，food delivery workers are often under high 64 (press) from their employers.They face company fines for delivering food late.Moreover，the more orders they take，the more money they can earn， 65 leads to some workers checking 66 (they) mobile phones for new orders while they are riding their bikes.‎ While most companies require delivery workers to follow traffic rules，it remains a problem whether these requirements and rules are 67 (strict) obeyed.‎ To solve the problem，some cities 68 (take) action since last year.Shanghai ‎ required the delivery workers should 69 (train) on traffic rules and safety.Now in Shenzhen，if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice，he or she will be banned 70 driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要叙述了骑电动自行车的食品送货工人由于粗心行驶常常引起严重的问题，并对这种现象出现的原因进行了分析。‎ ‎61．答案　running 解析　考查固定搭配。句意为：食品配送工人为了及时送饭甚至冒着闯红灯的危险。risk doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“冒险做某事”。故填running。‎ ‎62．答案　a 解析　考查固定搭配。句意为：这种粗心行为上升的原因是对食品送货工人的需求量大造成的。a large demand for...为固定搭配，意为“对……需求量大”，故填a。‎ ‎63．答案　to attract 解析　考查非谓语动词。句意为：许多公司为了吸引新工人而提供高薪。分析句意可知表目的，故填to attract。‎ ‎64．答案　pressure 解析　考查名词。句意为：事实上，食品配送工人经常受到来自雇主的压力。分析句子可知，本句中的press被形容词high修饰，一起作under的介词宾语，因此要用名词形式 pressure。‎ ‎65．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面句子的内容，导致后面的结果，故要用which指代前面的内容。因此填which。‎ ‎66．答案　their 解析　考查人称代词。句意为：他们接的订单越多，他们赚的钱就越多，这会导致他们骑车时会看手机。分析句意可知，是配送工人骑车时看他们的(their)手机。故填their。‎ ‎67．答案　strictly 解析　考查副词。句意为：虽然大多数公司要求食品配送工人遵守交通规则，但这些要求和规则是否被严格遵守，仍然是个问题。分析句子可知，修饰动词obey要用副词，故用其副词形式strictly。‎ ‎68．答案　have taken 解析　考查谓语动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“since last year”可知，本句中要用现在完成时，主语是复数名词some cities，故填have taken。‎ ‎69．答案　be trained 解析　考查虚拟语气。本句中require表示建议，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可省略。本句中的“工人”是“被培训”，故要用(should) be trained，其中的should可省略。‎ ‎70．答案　from 解析　考查固定搭配。ban sb.from doing sth.，为固定搭配，意为“禁止某人做某事”。其被动形式为sb.be banned from doing sth.，故本句中填from。‎ 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ ‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ ‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ ‎ A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday，causing 4 death.Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the storm.A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and last one hour.He said，“I was in the kitchen with my wife and children while we heard a loud noise.A few minutes late，our house fell down.I managed to climb out，but much to my shocking，one of my boys were missing.I quickly went back inside and found them safe but frightened.” Soldiers came to rescue those burying under the ruins，and the government provided food，clothes，and shelters for homeless.‎ 答案　‎ ‎ A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday，causing 4 deathdeaths.Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the storm.A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and lastlasted one hour.He said，“I was in the kitchen with my wife and children whilewhen we heard a loud noise.A few minutes latelater，our house fell down.I managed to climb out，but much to my shockingshock，one of my boys werewas missing.I quickly went back inside and found themhim safe but frightened.” Soldiers came to rescue those buryingburied under the ruins，and the government provided food，clothes，and shelters for ∧the homeless.‎ 第二节　书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎ 假如你是李华，你校将于下周五晚八点在体育馆举行一场中国功夫(Kungfu)的表演。你想邀请外教Michael一起观看演出。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎ 1．演出时间、地点；‎ ‎ 2．简介中国功夫。‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 1．词数100 左右；‎ ‎ 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎ 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Michael，‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ I’m looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎ 参考范文 ‎ Dear Michael，‎ ‎ A Chinese Kungfu performance is going to be staged in our school stadium at 8：00 p．m.next Friday evening.Learning that you are a keen fan of Chinese Kungfu，I’m writing this letter to invite you to watch the performance.‎ ‎ As you know，Chinese Kungfu，a traditional sport which has a long history，is regarded as our national treasure.It serves as a means of selfdefense，which also enhances people’s physical fitness.In the course of its development，Chinese Kungfu has attracted numerous fans both at home and abroad.‎ ‎ Several Kungfu masters have been invited to come and perform that day.Thus，the performances to be held that night are the ones you cannot afford to miss.I’m sure it will be an unforgettable experience for you.‎ ‎ I’m looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua