2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumor单元学案（40页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumor单元学案（40页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit3A taste of English humor单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．verbal adj.　　　　　　　　　 口头的 ‎2．nonverbal adj. 不用语言的 ‎3．depressed adj.[纵联1] 忧愁的；沮丧的 ‎4．charming adj. 迷人的；有魅力的 ‎5．moustache n. 小胡子 ‎6．wornout adj. 磨破的；穿旧的 ‎7．leather n. 皮革 ‎8．chew vt.&vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼(食物)‎ ‎9．costume n. 服装；戏装 ‎10．budget n. 预算；开支 ‎11．actress n. 女演员 ‎12．rhythm n. 节奏 ‎13．detective n. 侦探 ‎14．vast adj. 巨大的；辽阔的 ‎15．optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义 ‎16．comedy n. 喜剧 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．content adj. 满足的；满意的 n．[纵联2] 满足；内容 vt. 使满足 ‎2．ordinary adj. 平常的；普通的 ‎3．throughout prep. 遍及；贯穿 adv. 到处；始终；全部 ‎4．overcome vt.&vi. 战胜；克服 ‎5．outstanding adj. 突出的；杰出的；显著的 ‎6．worn adj. 用旧的；用坏的；破烂的 ‎7．gesture n. 姿态；手势 vi. 做手势 ‎8．occasion n. 时刻；场合 ‎9．slide vt.&vi. (使)滑动；(使)滑行 n. 滑；滑动；幻灯片 ‎10．whisper n.‎ vt.&vi. 耳语；低语低语；小声说 ‎11．mountainous adj. 多山的；山一般的 ‎12．homeless adj. 无家的；无家可归的 ‎13．drunk adj. 醉的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．humour n．幽默；滑稽→humourous adj.幽默的；滑稽的[纵联3]‎ ‎2．performer n．表演者；演出者→perform vt.表演→performance n．表现 ‎3．astonish vt.使惊诧→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊诧；震惊→astonished adj.惊诧的[纵联4]‎ ‎4．fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortune n．运气；财富 ‎5．entertain vt.&vi.使欢乐；款待→entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的→entertainment n．娱乐 ‎6．convince vt.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.坚信不移的 ‎7．direct vt.&vi.导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；直接的；直率的→direction n．指导；方向→director n．导演→directly adv.直接地；径直地conj.一……就……‎ ‎8．particular adj.特殊的；特别的n.细节；细目→particularly adv.特殊地；特别地 ‎9．amuse vt.使发笑；使愉快→amusing adj.好笑的；有趣的→amused adj.愉快的→amusement n．愉快；快乐 ‎10．explanation n．解释；讲解；说明→explain vt.解释；说明 ‎11．react vi.作出反应；回应→reaction n．反应；回应 ‎12．bored adj.厌烦的→boring adj.令人厌烦的 ‎13．failure n．失败(者)；失败的人或事→fail vi.失败 ‎14．mess n．脏或乱的状态→messy adj.脏的；乱的 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.“情绪”不稳定 ‎①depressed沮丧的 ②delighted欣喜的 ‎③bored厌烦的 ④disappointed失望的 ‎⑤blue忧郁的 ⑥sad悲伤的 ‎⑦excited兴奋的 纵联2.总有一款让你“满足；满意”‎ ‎①content adj. 满足的；满意的 ‎②satisfy vt. 使满意；满足 ‎③satisfaction n. 满意；满足 ‎④pleased adj. 高兴的；满意的 ‎⑤meet vt. 满足 纵联3.“ous”后缀形容词扫描 ‎①humourous幽默的 ②dangerous危险的 ‎③mountainous多山的 ④continuous连续的 ‎⑤poisonous有毒的 ⑥generous慷慨的 纵联4.各种“惊讶”‎ ‎①astonishing令人感到惊讶的 ②amazing令人吃惊的 ‎③surprising出人意料的 ④shocking令人震惊的 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——个人情况(3)‎ 子话题1　职位与职称 ‎①position n．位置；职位 ②assistant n．助手；助理 ‎③engineer n．工程师；技师 ④secretary n．秘书；书记 ‎⑤accountant n．会计；会计师 ⑥consultant n．顾问 子话题2　工作 ‎①interview n．&vt.采访；面试 ②applicant n．申请人 ‎③candidate n．候选人；申请人 ④appointment n．预约；任命 ‎⑤employ/hire vt.雇用 ⑥recommend vt.推荐 ‎⑦profession/occupation n．职业 ⑧employee n．雇员 ‎⑨employer n．雇主 ⑩get/be promoted获得晋升 ‎⑪interviewee n. 参加面试者；接受采访者 ‎⑫interviewer n. 面试官；采访人 ‎⑬appoint vt.任命；委任；安排；确定(时间、地点)‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)These include custommade navigation (导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe 　❶　 (explanation)：“For many older people, 　❷　 (particular) those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.‎ ‎①用explanation的适当形式填空：explains ‎②用particular的适当形式填空：particularly，意为尤其是，相当于in ‎ particular ‎2．(2017•江苏高考阅读D)Elsewhere in Asia even more 　❶　 (astonish) actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a 　❷　 (mountain) region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous❸ threat to agriculture.‎ ‎①用astonish的适当形式填空：astonishing ‎②用mountain的适当形式填空：mountainous ‎③写出加彩词在本单元的同义词：vast 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2016•10月浙江高考写作)幸运地是，直升机从头顶飞过，注意到了可怜的简。(fortunate)‎ Fortunately,_the_helicopter_flew_overhead_and_noticed_poor_Jane.‎ ‎2．(2016•天津高考书面表达)给我们印象最深的是你们的艺术技巧，在这一方面你们显示出了不同凡响的才能。(outstanding)‎ What_impress_us_most_are_your_art_skills,_in_which_you_showed_outstanding_talent.‎ ‎3．(2011•江苏高考书面表达)这幅图画让我深信做一个好女儿甚至比做一个好学生更重要。(convince)‎ The_picture_convinces_me_that_it_is_even_more_important_to_be_a_good_daughter_than_a_good_student.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．content adj.满足的；满意的n.满足；内容；目录；成分vt.使满足 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)feel/be content with　　　　　 对……感到满足/满意 be content to do sth. 满足于做某事 ‎(2)content sb./oneself with sth. 使某人满足于某事 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①That rich man is tired of city life, so he is content to_live (live) in the country.‎ ‎②She dropped her purse and the contents (content) fell out on the floor.‎ 同义替换 ‎③From my point of view, you must not be pleased with (＝be_content_with/be_satisfied_with) such a small success.‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎④Those will surely make no difference in life. They content themselves with their present situations.‎ ‎→Those who_are_content_with_their_present_situations will surely make no difference in life.(定语从句；content adj.)‎ ‎2．astonish vt.使惊诧 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)It astonishes sb. that ...　　　 令某人惊讶的是 ‎(2)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 be astonished at/by sth. 因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 ‎(3)astonishment n. 惊讶 to one’s astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①(2017•江苏高考)Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing (astonish) ways.‎ ‎②(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally astonished (astonish) by the unexpected visit.‎ ‎③He was astonished to_see (see) how his hometown had changed in the past 10 years.‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 使我特别惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字。‎ ‎④Much_to_my_astonishment,_she still remembered my name.(astonishment)‎ ‎⑤What_astonished_me_most_was_that she still remembered my name.(astonish；主语从句)‎ ‎3．convince vt.使信服；使相信 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)convince sb. to do sth.　　 说服某人做某事 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. that ... 使某人相信……‎ ‎(2)convinced adj. 确信的；坚信不移的 be convinced of sth. 确信；坚信；深信 be convinced that ... 相信……‎ ‎(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①There is now convincing (convince) evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.‎ ‎②You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.‎ ‎③They tried to convince him to_support (support) them.‎ ‎④I’m firmly convinced (convince) of the importance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.‎ ‎[用准]　convince是及物动词，其宾语多为人，而“信服”的内容则可由介词of引出或由that从句充当。‎ ‎[写美]　词汇升级/句式升级 ‎⑤(2017•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I believe that you like papercutting, so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.‎ ‎→Convinced_that_you_like_papercutting,_I’d_like_to_invite_you_to_visit_the_exhibition.(升级加黑词汇；分词作状语)‎ ‎4．direct vt.&vi.导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；直接的；直率的adv.直 接 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中direct的词性和词义 ‎①A policeman stood in the middle of the road, directing the traffic.vt.指挥 ‎②(2017•北京高考)Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.adj.直接的 ‎③The film Miss Granny directed by Chen Zhengdao is popular with young people.vt.导演 ‎④He directed that we (should) keep calm in the face of danger.vt.指示 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事 ‎(2)direction n. 方向；方位；指示；说明书(复数)‎ in the direction of 朝……方向 in all directions＝in every direction 朝四面八方 ‎(3)directly adv. 直接地；径直地 conj. 一……就……(常用于引导时间状语从句)‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎⑤(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly (direct) into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.‎ ‎⑥He went in the direction of the village, for the children wanted to draw pictures under his direction.‎ ‎⑦If you had read the directions (direct) carefully, some mistakes in the ‎ exam would have been avoided.‎ ‎[用准]　作为副词，direct常用于具体意义，意为“中途不停；直接”；directly常用于抽象意义，意为“直接地；立即；马上”。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑧我一交上论文就发现我犯了一个错误。‎ I_found_I_had_made_a_mistake_directly_I_handed_in_my_paper.‎ ‎5．particular adj.特殊的；特别的；挑剔的 n．细节；细目 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be particular about/over sth.　 对某事讲究/挑剔 ‎(2)particularly adv. 尤其；特别地；特殊地 in particular＝particularly 尤其；特别地；格外地 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①He is a very openminded man, and won’t be particular about/over these small things.‎ ‎②This kind of food is rich in nutrition, and in particular it contains a lot of minerals.‎ ‎③The restaurant is particularly (particular) popular with young people.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)在中国参加朋友的晚宴时， 你要行为举止恰当，尤其要注意餐桌礼仪。‎ When you attend your friend’s dinner party in China, you’d better ‎ behave_properly,_particularly_paying_attention_to_minding_your_table_manners.‎ ‎[联想]　表示“尤其；特别”的副词还有：specially; especially等。‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Miss Lee began the class with an amusing (好笑的；有趣的) English story, which attracted our attention at once.‎ ‎2．The two boys were whispering (低语；耳语) when the head teacher came in from the back door.‎ ‎3．Some children in mountainous (多山的) areas in our country still can’t go to school because of poverty.‎ ‎4．Elizabeth Fry helped to improve prison conditions and gave the homeless (无家可归的) work and education.‎ ‎5．Cheer up and you are bound to overcome (克服) the present difficulty.‎ ‎6．As is known to us all, Yuan Longping is a(n) outstanding (杰出的) Chinese scientist in agriculture.‎ ‎7．Occasions (时刻) are quite rare when I have the chance to spend a day with my kids.‎ ‎8．We can’t go abroad this year, so we’ll have to content (使满足) ourselves with a holiday in Shanghai.‎ ‎9．His room is always in a mess (脏或乱的状态), so his mother always complains about it.‎ ‎10．The news that Tom was admitted into a famous university spread ‎ quickly throughout (遍及) the small village.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It is for these reasons that I am firmly convinced (convince) that this rule will promote the learning atmosphere and our teamwork spirit.‎ ‎2．According to my own understanding, a good teacher is also a good performer (perform) in class.‎ ‎3．Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused (amuse) with her stories.‎ ‎4．Fortunately (fortunate), his mother was very patient and she never gave up helping him.‎ ‎5．Today, some traditional methods are not practical, particularly (particular) in the fast changing world of technology.‎ ‎6．Several explanations (explain) of the incident spread like wildfire throughout the campus.‎ ‎7．He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction (react)．‎ ‎8．He is a failure (fail) as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．The children quickly got boring with staying indoors.boring→bored ‎2．As far as I know, she enjoys cooking and often entertain her friends.entertain→entertains ‎3．I find it quite astonished that none of you like the ‎ play.astonished→astonishing ‎4．Convincing of the truth of the report, he told his colleagues about it.‎ Convincing→Convinced ‎5．Please read the direction carefully before taking medicine.direction→directions Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．当我有压力和厌烦的时候，是音乐帮我度过了这些困难的日子。(bored)‎ When_I_am_stressful_and_bored,_it is music that helps me get through the tough days.‎ ‎2．在海外扩展公司的计划彻底失败了。 (failure)‎ The plan to expand the company overseas was_a_total_failure.‎ ‎3．你要使他们相信你能够做好这项工作。(convince)‎ You’ll need to convince_them_that_you_are_able_to_do_the_job_well.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．feel/be_content_with　　　　　 对……满足 ‎2．up_to_now 直到现在 ‎3．badly_off [串记1] 穷的；缺少的 ‎4．star_in 在……担任主角；主演 ‎5．cut_off 切断；断绝 ‎6．pick_out [串记2] 挑出；辨别出 ‎7．in_particular 尤其；特别 ‎8．convince_sb._of_sth. 使某人相信某事 ‎9．pick_up 收听；(偶然)学会 ‎10．react_to 对……作出反应；回应 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“贫富”一家人 ‎①be badly off穷的；缺少的 ②be well off富有 ‎③be rich in富含 ④be poor in在……贫穷 ‎⑤be wealthy in在……富有 串记2.“v.＋out”常用短语荟萃 ‎①pick out挑出；辨别出 ②run out用光；耗尽 ‎③give out分发；耗尽；用光 ④turn out结果是；生产 ‎⑤work out制定；解决；结果 ⑥carry out实行；实施 ‎ ‎ ‎1．feel depressed　　　　　　　 感到沮丧的 ‎2．be born in a poor family 出生在一个贫穷的家庭 ‎3．grow more and more popular 变得越来越受人们喜欢 ‎4．as time went by 随着时间的推移 ‎5．determination to overcome all difficulties ‎ 战胜所有困难的决心 ‎6．in search of 寻找 ‎7．inspire people with great confidence ‎ 以极大的信心激励人们 ‎8．as if 好像 ‎ ‎ ‎1．As_Victor_Hugo_once_said,_“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face” ...‎ 正如维克多•雨果曾经说过：“笑容如阳光，能驱走人们脸上的冬天”……‎ ‎2．Unfortunately his father died, leaving_the_family_even_worse_off,_so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.‎ 不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰难，因此，查理在童年时期就要照顾生病的母亲和弟弟。‎ ‎3．Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as_if it were spaghetti.‎ 然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2017•江苏高考完形填空)However, one day, in the music class that was part of his school’s standard curriculum, he was playing idly (随意地) on the piano and found it easy to pick_out (辨别出) tunes.‎ ‎2．(2016•北京高考完形填空)It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was_cut_off (与……隔绝) from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)正如大家知道的那样，中国人非常讲究餐桌礼仪。(as)‎ As_is_known_to_us_all,_the Chinese are rather particular about table manners.‎ ‎2．(2015•江苏高考书面表达)当今，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很普遍，这对我们的生活和环境造成严重的危害。(v.ing形式短语作结果状语)‎ These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing_serious_harm_to_our_life_and_the_environment.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．pick out挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中pick out的含义 ‎①A competition was held to pick out the best table tennis players.挑出 ‎②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn’t pick him out.辨别出 ‎③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.领会；理解 ‎[记牢]‎ pick up　　　　　 拾起；捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；‎ ‎ 用车接某人；收听到；(身体)好转 pick one’s pocket 扒窃；掏包 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎④My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days.‎ ‎⑤On the way home, he found his pocket picked (pick)．‎ ‎[写美]　词汇升级 ‎⑥If it is convenient for you, can you meet me at the airport at 11：30 am？(升级加黑词汇)‎ ‎→If it is convenient for you, can you pick_me_up at the airport at 11：30 am?‎ ‎2．cut off切断；断绝 ‎[记牢]‎ cut in　　　　　　　 插嘴；打断(谈话)‎ cut down 砍倒；削减 cut up 切碎；使伤心；使悲伤 cut out 删掉；剪除 cut away 砍掉；切掉 ‎[练通]　用cut的相关短语填空 ‎①She was really cut_up when all her friends refused to help her.‎ ‎②When you give a speech, you’d better cut_out unimportant details.‎ ‎③I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were cut_off.‎ ‎④It is bad manners for you to always cut_in when other people are talking.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2016•6月浙江高考)当他们的孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人就感觉与世隔绝了。‎ When_their_children_lived_far_away_from_them,_these_old_people_felt_cut_off_from_the_world.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．as引导定语从句 ‎[教材原句]　As_Victor_Hugo_once_said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”， and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)As_the_saying_goes，“A good beginning is half the battle.”‎ 常言道：“好的开始是成功的一半。”‎ ‎(2)This is the same pen as_I_lost yesterday.‎ 这支钢笔和我昨天丢失的钢笔一样。‎ ‎(3)This is such a difficult question as nobody can work out.‎ ‎→This is such a difficult question that nobody can work it out.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，常放于主句之前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。‎ ‎(2)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被the same, such, so等修饰。‎ ‎(3)在such ... as ...中，as引导限制性定语从句，而such ... that ...中，that引导结果状语从句。‎ 注意事项 (1)与as不同，which引导非限制性定语从句时，只能放在句中，意为“这一点”，且无“正如/正像……”之意。‎ ‎(2)在such ... as ...定语从句中，as在从句中作宾语。‎ ‎(3)在such ... that ...状语从句中，that不作任何成分。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2015•四川高考书面表达)As is always the case with language learning, Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.(要点句)‎ ‎2．现在分词短语作结果状语 ‎[教材原句]　Unfortunately his father died, leaving_the_family_even_worse_off,_so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making (make) it one of the most popular events in gardening.‎ ‎(2)The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving (leave) nothing valuable.‎ ‎(3)They reached the company out of breath, only to_be_told (tell) they ‎ were fired.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ ‎(1)现在分词作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果。‎ ‎(2)不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)Football is played in many countries, making it a popular sport.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students’ safety at school.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 in search of， cut off， in a mess， pick out， star in， up to now ‎1．Up_to_now,_the dog has become a member of our family and everyone enjoys its company.‎ ‎2．The rescue team arrived at the mountain by plane in_search_of the missing pilot.‎ ‎3．In 2018, Maria starred_in a popular film directed by a famous director.‎ ‎4．As the summer vacation is approaching, it’s high time that parents picked_out some training courses for their children.‎ ‎5．Her room is always in_a_mess,_which is unexpected to me.‎ ‎6．Mary felt cut_off from the outside world, since she lacked an Internet connection and couldn’t receive any email.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/句式升级 ‎1．有些人一失去工作，就觉得好像到了世界末日似的。(as if)‎ Some people, on losing a job, may feel as_if_it_were_the_end_of_the_world.‎ ‎2．(2015•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)正像上面提到的，敬老院里的老年人也需要温暖和关爱。(as)‎ As_is_mentioned_above,_what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.‎ ‎3．The snow lasted a week. It resulted in serious traffic confusion in the whole area.‎ ‎→The snow lasted a week, resulting_in serious traffic confusion in the whole area.(分词作状语)‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，是海歌中学(Highgate School)的交换生，得知幽默大师Mr.Brown正在招收海外弟子，你很想成为他的弟子。现在请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1．拜师的目的；‎ ‎2．幽默的重要性；‎ ‎3．希望获准。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 根据题干信息，本文属于申请信，时态主要为一般现在时，人称以第一人称为主。本文可分为三个层次：开头自我介绍，引出写信的目的——想成为幽默大师的弟子。自我介绍这个要点容易忽略，这是失分点之一。主体部分介绍幽默的重要性及拜师的目的。此部分比较开放，可自由发挥，如幽默对身心有好处，拜师的目的想把学到的知识融合中国的幽默。结尾表达希望并表示感谢。‎ 要点1－①：我是李华，海歌中学的一名中国交换生。‎ I’m_Li_Hua,_a_Chinese_exchange_student_in_Highgate_School.‎ 要点1－②：我想成为你的其中一位弟子。‎ I’d_like_to_be_one_of_your_students.‎ 要点2－①：有幽默感对身心健康有好处。‎ Having_a_sense_of_humour_is_good_for_our_physical_and_mental_health.‎ 要点2－②：我想把你所教的知识与中国幽默融合在一起。(mix ...with)‎ I_would_like_to_mix_what_you_teach_me_with_Chinese_humour.‎ 要点3：如果你能考虑我将感激不尽。(take ... into consideration)‎ I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_take_me_into_consideration.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们可以从以下几个方面对要点进行适当拓展。如：要点1－②句式单调，语句档次低，可加入状语“得知你寻找海外弟子想把你的幽默技能传授给他”并用非谓语动词形式表达；要点2－①可进一步拓展幽默的作用( 幽默有助于我们释放压力，对生活保持乐观的态度)；要点2－②可加入融合在一起的结果(要是这样的话，中文幽默和英文幽默就建立了一座桥梁)。‎ 拓展要点1－②：得知你寻找海外弟子想把你的幽默技能传授给他，我想成为你其中的一名弟子。(v.ing作状语，定语从句)‎ Knowing_that_you_are_looking_for_some_students_from_abroad,_to_whom_you_want_to_pass_on_your_skills_of_English_humor,_I’d_like_to_be_one_of_them. ‎ 拓展要点2－①：有幽默感对身心健康有好处。幽默有助于我们释放压力，对生活保持乐观的态度。(release one’s stress)‎ Having_a_sense_of_humour_is_good_for_our_physical_and_mental_health._Humour_helps_us_release_our_stress_and_keep_an_optimistic_attitude_toward_life.‎ 拓展要点2－②：我想把你所教的知识与中国幽默融合在一起。要是这样的话，中文幽默和英文幽默之间就建立了一座桥梁。‎ I_would_like_to_mix_what_you_teach_me_with_Chinese_humour.If_so,_a_bridge_will_be_built_between_Chinese_humour_and_English_humour.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 结合写作要点，文章可采用总分式结构来写。根据语篇中各要点之间的逻辑关系，可添加连接词as we all know， besides做好文章的衔接过渡，最后可用“Looking forward to your reply.”作为结尾。‎ Dear_Mr.Brown，‎ I’m_Li_Hua,_a_Chinese_exchange_student_in_Highgate_School.Knowing_that_you_are_looking_for_some_students_from_abroad,_to_whom_you_want_to_pass_on_your_skills_of_English_humour,_I’d_like_to_be_one_of_them.‎ As_we_all_know,_having_a_sense_of_humour_is_good_for_our_physical_and_mental_health.Humour_helps_us_release_our_stress_and_keep_an_optimistic_attitude_toward_life.Besides,_I_would_like_to_mix_what_you_teach_me_with_Chinese_humour.If_so,_a_bridge_will_be_built_between_Chinese_humour_and_English_humour.‎ I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_take_me_into_consideration._Looking_forward_to_your_reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua ‎ ‎ 理清文体结构之(十八)　夹叙夹议文——叙的是故事，议的是观点 夹叙夹议文有记叙文叙事的特点，也具备议论文的特色，它一边叙述，一边分析、评论。其优点在于作者可以自由地表达情意。在结构方面，还起到总起、提示、过渡和总结作用。在叙议结合中，我们对作者的写作目的渐渐清晰，进而掌握文章大意，为解题做好铺垫。‎ ‎　　[高考典例]　2016•天津卷•B篇 [读文明晰文章结构]‎ ‎　　[1]Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in ‎ features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.‎ ‎[2]My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.‎ ‎[3]I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “votech” student (技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.‎ ‎[4]When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”， I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid，” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”‎ ‎[5]I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls (光荣榜)．‎ ‎[6]But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it，” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.‎ ‎[7]My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts (零件 ‎) from a junkyard, and ability from votech classes. The cost was $25 instead of $800.‎ ‎[8]Since that first repair job, a broken airconditioner, a nonfunctioning washer and a nontoasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and coworkers trust their car repairs to him.‎ ‎[9]These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.‎ ‎[10]I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.‎ ‎[11]My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine. 1.第1段提出自己对儿子的期望→议 ‎“As he grows you also age ...what you hoped for.”表明作者希望自己的儿子实现自己没有实现的目标。‎ ‎2.第2段叙述儿子对学习不感兴趣→叙 ‎3.第3段描述家庭氛围→叙 女儿在学校里的表现要比儿子好。‎ ‎4.第4段为故事的转折点→叙 ‎5.第5段表达自己对技校学生的传统观点→叙 ‎2、3、4、5段的叙述都是为了支持第1段作者的观点。‎ ‎6.第6～9段叙述儿子以具体行动改变了作者的看法→叙 ‎7.第10～11段得出结论→议 孩子虽然学习不优秀，不能追随父亲的足迹，但他自己选择的道路却让父亲引以为豪。‎ ‎[定区间•细比对]‎ ‎41．What used to be the author’s ？‎ A．To avoid becoming his clone.‎ B．To resemble him in appearance.‎ C．To develop in a different direction.‎ D．To reach the author’s unachieved goals.‎ ‎42．What can we learn about ？‎ A．His daughter does better in school.‎ B．His daughter has got a master’s degree.‎ C．His son tried hard to finish homework.‎ D．His son couldn’t write his book reports.‎ ‎43．The author let his son because he believed that ________.‎ A．his son had the ability to fix it B．it would save him much time C．it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D．other motorheads would come to help ‎[答案]　41.D　42.A　43.C ‎41．对儿子的期望――→定位第1段中划波浪线部分，分析得出答案。‎ ‎42．孩子的情况――→定位第3段中划波浪线部分，对比即可得出答案。‎ ‎43．修车――→定位第6段，根据最后一句得出答案。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•福州四校联考)The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.‎ Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.‎ Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told of the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps ‎ prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive (认知的) falling.‎ Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A．Playing an important role.‎ B．Keeping people in high spirits.‎ C．Quickly influencing other people.‎ D．Preventing illness from spreading.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.”可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious在此处意为“迅速影响其他人”。‎ ‎2．What can laughter increase according to the author?‎ A．Cognitive ability.　　　 　B．Good relationships.‎ C．A sense of humor. D．Happiness and trust.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared ‎ between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。‎ ‎3．What does the author think the old should do?‎ A．They should have a good rest.‎ B．They should play like children.‎ C．They should prevent cognitive falling.‎ D．They should take part in physical play.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与身体活动。‎ ‎4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Humor, Laughter and Play for Health B．Always Keep Our Body Healthy C．Have an Active and Happy Life D．Let Our Body and Mind Relax 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段的内容可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019•辽宁五校高三上学期联考)Göran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer. In 1972, at the age of six, with his father’s help, he __1__ Galdhopiggen, the highest mountain in Northern Europe. Twentyfour years later, he stood on the highest peak in the ‎ world, Mount Everest. His journey to the __2__ shows just how independent, persistent (坚持的), and determined this __3__ man is. ‎ ‎__4__ most people arrive at the foothills of Mount Everest by some sort of modern __5__， Kropp bicycled 8,000 miles from his home in Sweden. Traveling by bike was not __6__. He stopped many times to __7__ his bike because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him. In addition, he was run after by dogs, stung by hornets (马蜂) and was caught in the rain several times before he __8__ the base of the mountain.‎ Kropp __9__ to climb Mount Everest the same way he traveled to the mountain: without the __10__ of others and without modern conveniences. Unlike other __11__ Kropp climbed the mountain without a guide or helper. He did not __12__ bottled oxygen to help him __13__ at high altitudes, and he carried all of his __14__ himself in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds.‎ It took Kropp __15__ tries to reach the top of Mount Everest. The first time, he had to __16__ only 350 feet from the top because the weather was too dangerous. Just a few days earlier, at that same level eight climbers had __17__ because of a sudden snowstorm in the mountain. He felt deep sorrow for them, but became more __18__. The mountaineer waited out the storm, __19__， and tried again a few days later. This time, he was __20__. After he walked down the mountain,‎ ‎ he got back on his bike and rode the 8,000 miles back to Sweden.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。瑞典探险家Göran Kropp在六岁时便在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen；二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。在登山过程中，他从瑞典骑行8 000英里来到山脚，在不借助他人帮助的情况下成功登上山顶。‎ ‎1．A.heard of　　　　　　　 　B．dreamed of C．saw D．climbed 解析：选D　根据上文“Göran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer.”可知，Göran Kropp是瑞典探险家和登山者；并结合该句语境可知，他在六岁时，在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen。故D项正确。‎ ‎2．A.top B．country C．area D．valley 解析：选A　根据空前一句可知，在二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰；由此可知，他登上世界之顶的壮举展示了他的独立、坚韧不拔的精神。故A项正确。‎ ‎3．A.outstanding B．generous C．modest D．honest 解析：选A　上文提到他登上了世界最高峰，故可推知他是一个杰出的人。outstanding意为“杰出的”，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．A.Unless B．Once C．While D．Because 解析：选C　根据该句中的“most people arrive at ... Kropp bicycled 8,000 miles from his home in Sweden”可知，尽管大部分人是通过一些现代车辆(vehicle)来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下的，但是Kropp是从瑞典的家里骑行八千英里来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下。故C项正确。‎ ‎5．A.design B．vehicle C．theory D．material 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎6．A.boring B．easy C．tiring D．busy 解析：选B　根据常识和下文中的“He stopped many times to __7__ his bike”可知，骑行去珠穆朗玛峰山脚下是不容易的。故B项正确。‎ ‎7．A.lock B．ride C．repair D．find 解析：选C　根据下文中的“because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him”可知，由于崎岖的道路引发自行车机械故障，所以他不得不多次停下修理自行车。故C项正确。‎ ‎8．A.left B．reached C．discovered D．toured 解析：选B　此处表示在抵达山脚下之前，他被狗追赶，被马蜂蜇，数次被困在雨中。故B项正确。‎ ‎9．A.chose B．refused C．agreed D．hated 解析：选A　根据下文中的“without the __10__ of others and without modern conveniences”可知，Kropp选择了他到山脚的同样的方式去攀登山峰，即没有别人以及现代设备的帮助。故A项正确。‎ ‎10. A．presence B．approval C．assistance D．knowledge 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎11. A．observers B．travelers C．mountaineers D．hikers 解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处表示与其他登山者不同的是，Kropp登山没有向导或助手。故C项正确。A项意为“观察者”；B项意为“旅客”；D项意为“徒步旅行者”。‎ ‎12 A．gather B．order C．share D．bring 解析：选D　根据语境可知，他没有带氧气瓶帮助自己在高山上呼吸。故D项正确。‎ ‎13. A．breathe B．walk C．live D．stay 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎14．A.medicines B．food C．clothes D．equipment 解析：选D　根据该句中的“he carried all of ... in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds”可知，他用一个大背包自带所有设备，总重大概140‎ 磅。故D项正确。‎ ‎15．A.two B．three C．many D．several 解析：选A　根据下文中的“The first time”以及该段倒数第三句中的“and tried again a few days later”可知，Kropp尝试了两次才登上珠穆朗玛峰。故A项正确。‎ ‎16．A.go on B．get up C．set out D．turn back 解析：选D　根据该句中的“because the weather was too dangerous”可知，第一次登山时，由于天气太危险，他不得不在离山顶只有350英尺的地方折回。D项意为“折回”，故D项正确。A项意为“继续”；B项意为“起身”；C项意为“出发”。‎ ‎17．A.slipped B．wandered C．died D．hurt 解析：选C　根据语境并结合该句内容可知，数天前，由于在珠穆朗玛峰相同的高度突然发生暴风雪，八名登山者死亡。故C项正确。A项意为“滑落”；B项意为“徘徊”；D项意为“伤害(感情)，伤心”。‎ ‎18．A.astonished B．determined C．satisfied D．discouraged 解析：选B　根据下文中的“tried again a few days later”可知，等暴风雪停止，数天后他又一次开始登山；由此可知，虽然他为故去的登山者感到悲伤，但是他变得更加坚定了。故B项正确。‎ ‎19．A.hid B．stopped C．survived D．rested 解析：选D　根据该句语境可知，这位登山者在暴风雪时休息数天，之后再次开始登山。故D项正确。‎ ‎20．A.thoughtful B．successful C．doubtful D．meaningful 解析：选B　根据下文中的“After he walked down the mountain”可知，这次他成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰。故B项正确。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 In recent years, a new idea __1__ is called a “naked marriage” has arisen as the cost of living goes up. It has become a new trend for many young people in China. With a small marriage certificate in hand, they get married. And for the couples in a “naked marriage”， this certificate also contains other __2__ (meaning)．‎ A resident from Chengdu said, “There are many people like us born in __3__ 1980s. Our families cannot afford __4__ (buy) us new apartments, cars, let alone diamond rings. I think that’s very normal for regular families. We must make a better future on __5__ (we) own.”‎ A graduate of Sichuan University said，“The most important element in a marriage __6__ (be) love. I believe our living conditions will __7__ (gradual) get better.”‎ A professor says a “naked marriage” is in direct contradiction to China’s ‎ __8__ (tradition) marriage customs. However, as living costs continue to rise, this phenomenon may become more popular in the future.‎ But not all people have a positive opinion about a “naked marriage”. According to a survey __9__ (conduct) by sohu. com, only about 40% of the 3,500 people surveyed like the idea of a “naked marriage”. About 80% of men support a “naked marriage”， __10__ there are also 70% of women not supporting the idea because they think these marriages are not stable.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了“裸婚”的相关情况和人们对此持有的不同的态度。‎ ‎1．which/that　考查定语从句。近年来，一种叫作“裸婚”的新概念伴随着生活成本的增加出现了。定语从句中缺少主语，指代先行词 a new idea，故填which/that。‎ ‎2．meanings　考查名词复数。other后用可数名词复数形式。‎ ‎3．the　考查冠词。表示在具体某个年代，应用定冠词the。‎ ‎4．to buy　考查非谓语动词。我们的家庭负担不起给我们买新房子、汽车，更不用说钻戒了。afford后要接不定式to do作宾语。‎ ‎5．our　考查代词。我们必须独立地创造一个更好的未来。on one’s own意为“独立地”，故此处用our。‎ ‎6．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语为单数，且根据上下文可知，此处时态应用一般现在时，故填is。‎ ‎7．gradually　考查副词。空处修饰“get better”，故应用副词。gradually 意为“逐渐地”。‎ ‎8．traditional　考查形容词。空后为名词，需用形容词修饰，表示“传统的婚礼风俗”。‎ ‎9．conducted　考查非谓语动词。一项由搜狐进行的调查表明，3 500人中只有大约40%的人认同“裸婚”这个想法。a survey与conduct之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎10．while/but　考查连词。根据上下文可知，此处两个分句之间为转折关系，因此用while(然而)或but(但是)。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019•合肥市高三调研)Our class organized visit to the Joy Nursing Home, that is next to our school, last Sunday. On our arrival, we begin to help the senior people do the cleaning. After that, some of my classmate put on interesting performances, but then we played games with them. All of them were amusing and laughed happily. We were such lost in the activities that we forgot the time. At noon, we were all had to say goodbye to them. And they were extreme grateful to us for their visit.‎ 答案：第一句：visit前加a; that→which 第二句：begin→began 第三句：classmate→classmates; but→and 第四句：amusing→amused 第五句：such→so 第六句：去掉were 第七句：extreme→extremely; their→our