2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元学案

2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元学案

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit 4Astronomythe science of the stars单元学案 一 单元基础词汇短语句式搜索 一、写其形 ‎1.system n.　系统；体系；制度 ‎2.religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰 ‎3.theory n. 学说；理论 ‎4.billion pron.& n.& adj. 〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿 ‎5.violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 ‎6.presence n. 出席；到场；存在 ‎7.harmful adj. 有害的 ‎8.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛 ‎9.unlike prep. 与……不同；不像 ‎10.reaction n. 反应；回应 ‎11.exist vi. 存在；生存 ‎12.thus adv. 因此；于是 ‎13.puzzle n. 谜；难题 ‎　　 vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 ‎14.biology n. 生物学 ‎15.biologist n. 生物学家 ‎16.gravity n. 万有引力；重力 ‎17.satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星 ‎18.gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 ‎19.physicist n. 物理学家 ‎20.climate n. 气候 ‎21.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落 ‎22.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船 ‎23.pull n.& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 ‎24.float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n. 漂浮物 二、知其意 ‎1.astronomy n. 天文学 ‎2.astronomer n. 天文学家 ‎3.solar adj. 太阳的；日光的 ‎4.atom n. 原子 ‎5.globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球 ‎6.global adj. 全球性的；全世界的 ‎7.acid n. 酸 ‎8.carbon n. 碳 ‎9.dioxide n. 二氧化物 ‎10.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 ‎11.vapour n. (＝vapor)蒸气；水蒸气 ‎12.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的 ‎13.chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链 ‎14.multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加 ‎15.oxygen n. 氧 ‎16.geologist n. 地质学家 ‎17.extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的 ‎18.lessen vi.& vt. 减少；减轻 ‎19.weightlessly adv. 失重地 ‎20.exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽 ‎1.solar__system 太阳系 ‎2.in__time 及时；终于 ‎3.lay__eggs 下蛋 ‎4.give__birth__to 产生；分娩 ‎5.in__one’s__turn 轮到某人 ‎6.prevent...from 阻止；制止 ‎7.block__out 挡住(光线)‎ ‎8.cheer__up 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎9.now__that 既然 ‎10.break__out 突发；爆发 ‎11.watch__out__for 密切注意；当心；提防 ‎1.What__it__was__to__become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.‎ 随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到45～38亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固体的球状物。‎ ‎2.This produced a chain reaction，which made__it__possible__for__life__to__develop.‎ 这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。‎ ‎3.So whether__life__will__continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether__this__problem__can__be__solved.‎ 所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。‎ ‎4.But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice__as__far__as on the earth and fell over.‎ 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。‎ ‎5.“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now__that__gravity__has__changed.”‎ ‎“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”‎ 二 单元知识综合运用 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners.Other children may have manners that are not like yours.There are all kinds of manners.‎ Many years ago，children who had good manners were seen and not heard.They kept quite quiet if grownups were talking.Today，wellmannered children have more freedom.‎ Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia.Some friends ask you to eat with them.What kind of manners do they want you to have？They want you to give a loud “burp(打嗝)” after you finish eating.Burping would show that you like your food.In some countries，if you give a loud burp，you are told to say “Excuse me，please.”In many places people like to eat together.But in some parts of Polynesia，it is bad manners to be seen eating at all.People show good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.What are manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you.They are being polite.You may see a friend.He may not see you at all.If you are polite，you will sit down beside him.You will wait until he finishes what he is doing.Then he will talk to you.Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia.You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent.If you pass in front of the other tents，you will be asked into each one.The people will ask you to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no.‎ Manners are different all over the world.But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way.People need ways to show that they want to be friends.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了世界上一些地方的礼仪。‎ ‎1．How did polite children behave?‎ A．By looking into adults' eyes while talking.‎ B．By keeping silent while adults were talking.‎ C．By slipping into the house without being heard.‎ D．By not opening their mouths until spoken to.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“They kept quite quiet if grownups were talking.”可知，过去，在大人们说话时，儿童保持沉默是一种礼貌的行为。‎ 答案：B ‎2．Which custom should we follow in order to look wellmannered?‎ A．Saying “Excuse me” on burping in Mongolia.‎ B．Inviting guests to dinner together in Polynesia.‎ C．Talking with a friend before he completes things in East Africa.‎ D．Accepting an eating invitation in Arabia.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句“The people will ask you to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no.”可知，接受阿拉伯人一起吃饭的邀请是礼貌的行为。‎ 答案：D ‎3．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．Hear much，speak little.‎ B．Love me，love my dog.‎ C．When in Rome do as the Romans do.‎ D．Do what you ought to and come what can.‎ 解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段的第一句“Manners are different all over the world.”‎ 可推知，礼仪因地域而各有不同，因此最好的做法是入乡随俗。‎ 答案：C B The Nobel Prize Winners in Literature Rabindranath Tagore(1913)‎ Prize motivation: because of his deep sensitive，fresh and beautiful poetry，with perfect skills，he has made his poetic thought，expressed in his own English words，part of the literature of the West.‎ William Faulkner (1949)‎ Prize motivation: for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel.‎ Ernest Miller Hemingway(1954)‎ Prize motivation：for his mastery of the art of narrative，most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea.‎ John Steinbeck (1962)‎ Prize motivation: for his realistic and imaginative writings，combining sympathetic humour and keen social perception.Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill(1953)‎ Prize motivation：for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant speech skills in defending noble human values.‎ Claude Simon (1985)‎ Prize motivation: he in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the description of the human condition.‎ Mo Yan (2012)‎ Prize motivation：he，with dreamlike realism，combines folk ‎ tales，history and the contemporary.‎ Bob Dylan (2016)‎ Prize motivation：for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了几位诺贝尔文学奖获得者获奖的原因。‎ ‎4．Which writer won Nobel Prize for his poetry?‎ A．William Faulkner.　 B．Bob Dylan.‎ C．Rabindranath Tagore. D．Claude Simon.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“because of his deep sensitive，fresh and beautiful poetry”可知，Rabindranath Tagore因其杰出的诗作而获得了诺贝尔奖。‎ 答案：C ‎5．Which writer won Nobel Prize for his specific work instead of his lifelong achievements?‎ A．Ernest Hemingway. B．John Steinbeck.‎ C．William Faulkner. D．Winston Churchill.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“for his mastery of the art of narrative，most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea”可知，Ernest Miller Hemingway凭借《老人与海》这部小说获奖，并没有提到他是因为终生成就而获奖。‎ 答案：A ‎6．Whose works will you turn to if you are interested in a song writing Nobel Prize winner?‎ A．Mo Yan's.‎ B．Bob Dylan's.‎ C．Claude Simon's.‎ D．Rabindranath Tagore's.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”可知，Bob Dylan的作品与美国民谣歌曲之间有密切的联系，结合题干可知，选B。‎ 答案：B ‎7．Who described real life experience in his historic works?‎ A．John Steinbeck.‎ B．Mo Yan.‎ C．Ernest Hemingway.‎ D．Winston Churchill.‎ 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段的“for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant speech skills in defending noble human values”可知，Winston Churchill是因其精通历史和自传以及优秀的演讲技巧而获得了诺贝尔奖的，故选D。‎ 答案：D Ⅱ.阅读七选五 After Steve Jobs died，his friend Larry Ellison said something like this，“There will never be another Steve Jobs.”　1　Larry wrote this list of Steve's life lessons to remind us all.‎ Love what you do.‎ Surely Steve became a billionaire when he brought Apple back.Apple was his calling—even after he got fired from the company.We all have bad jobs at one point in our lives. But the question is: am I in the right job? Have I found the right company? Life doesn't go on forever.　2　‎ Don't do it all by yourself.‎ Steve learned a great leader can't do it all by himself.He needs people.They must be talented.　3　They must be given the opportunity to succeed and fail.In short, you have to learn to be a great leader if you want to see your great ideas and hard work truly have an influence on the world.‎ ‎　4‎ Apple is always the best at creating a new product that meets the exact needs of users.It's empathy (同情心) that helps Apple achieve this.Whenever the user has the first touch with a new Apple product，he says “Wow，it's just what I need.”Remember：you're King in the business world if you know exactly what consumers desire.‎ Don't mess around with your health.‎ ‎　5　That's the most important lesson from Steve's life.It's great to learn from him now，but the fact is that he should still be here if he had treated his cancer properly.Instead, Steve chose a naturopathic (自然疗法的) solution that wasn't effective.When he finally decided to take his doctor's original advice，it was too late.‎ A．They must be inspired.‎ B．Be the best in your field.‎ C．Take your health seriously.‎ D．Get on your right path now.‎ E．Will this lead to a successful career?‎ F．Put yourself in the other person's shoes.‎ G．What are the key things that we can learn from him?‎ ‎[语篇解读]　‎ 史蒂夫·乔布斯去世了，他的朋友拉里·埃里森对乔布斯一生的经验和教训进行了总结，这势必会给我们带来很多启示。‎ ‎1．解析：本段的目的是引出本文话题。根据下句(拉里写出了乔布斯一生的经验教训来提醒我们大家)可推知本题答案为G项。‎ 答案：G ‎2．解析：本段的中心是：要热爱你所做的事情，这与D项相符。‎ 答案：D ‎3．解析：考查上下文语境。设空处后的“They must...”暗示该空答案为A项。‎ 答案：A ‎4．解析：本部分介绍了苹果公司在开发新产品时总是以满足用户需要为前提，这与F项Put yourself in the other person's shoes(要设身处地为对方着想)相符。‎ 答案：F ‎5．解析：小标题中的health与C项中的health相对应，故答案为C项。‎ 答案：C Ⅲ.语法填空 Art improves our lives by directly and indirectly lifting the morals of individuals and 1. (create) unity and social harmony.Art creates 2. (aware) of social issues.Art may express and reflect the 3. (religion)，political，and economical aspects of cultures.Art 4. (be) and can be whatever a culture says it is，or whatever people want it to be.5. involves all people，those 6. come up with the idea of the work，perform it and provide necessary equipment and materials，and people who make up the audience for the work.Art usually appears in the forms of diverse ‎ architecture，body decoration，clothing manufacture，and 7. (memory) sculptures.Art copies the natural world.It gives order to the world and strength to human life.Art is a 8. (mean) of communication.It provides pleasurable experiences along with intellectual wealth.Art also helps us to express our sentimental relations.It can 9. (beauty)，surprise，inspire，stimulate imagination，tell stories and record history.10. someone once said，“Art is life.”‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了艺术的定义和功能等。‎ ‎1．解析：此空与lifting并列作介词by的宾语，故此空需用动名词形式。‎ 答案：creating ‎2．解析：此空需用名词作creates的宾语，awareness为不可数名词。‎ 答案：awareness ‎3．解析：根据设空处后的political和economical(均为形容词)可知设空处应为形容词，与political和economical一起作aspects的定语。‎ 答案：religious ‎4．解析：主语art为第三人称单数，故设空处答案为is。‎ 答案：is ‎5．解析：此处用代词it代替上文中的art。‎ 答案：It ‎6．解析：“ come up with the idea of the work”为定语从句，先行词为those，关系词在定语从句中作主语，且指“人”‎ ‎，故用who引导。‎ 答案：who ‎7．memorial　8.means ‎9．解析：根据设空处前的情态动词及后面的surprise可知设空处应为动词原形，故答案为beautify。‎ 答案：beautify ‎10．解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词为后面一句话，关系词在定语从句中作宾语；又因为定语从句置于句首，故用关系代词as引导。‎ 答案：As Ⅱ.短文改错 Studying in the UK have been a good experience for me.When I first arrived, I find life very hard as I didn't know anybody here, but I soon got to know other Chinese student at the university. Later I became interesting in communicating with people from various cultures, and I made fewer friends.‎ During my study, I chose to live in with my classmates in the dormitory. I think it's better than living in British family because I can meet people from different countries easy. The courses here are excellent. I enjoy the way the teachers give lessons. We are encouraged to think for yourselves, which is quite different from that I have experienced before.‎ 答案：‎ Studying in the UKbeen a good experience for me.When I first arrived, Ilife very hard as I didn't know anybody here, but I soon got to know other Chineseat the university. Later I became in communicating with people from various cultures, and I madefriends.‎ During my study, I chose to livewith my classmates in the dormitory. I think it's better than living in British family because I can meet people from different countriesThe courses here are excellent. I enjoy the way the teachers give lessons. We are encouraged to think forwhich is quite different fromI have experienced before.‎ Ⅲ.书面表达 假如你是李华，得知某英文报社要评选“The Most Qualified Student”(最美中学生)，请你用英语给编辑写一封推荐信。要点如下：‎ ‎1．介绍被推荐人(林扬)的基本信息；‎ ‎2．说明推荐理由。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Editor，‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎[参考范文]‎ Dear Editor，‎ I’m a senior high school student and I happened to hear that you were hosting an activity to select The Most Qualified Student.It is a great honour for me to introduce to you one of my best friends，Lin Yang.‎ First of all，he，who is among the most diligent students in our school，not only studies hard，but also behaves well.Secondly，he stands out for his diverse hobbies，including painting and playing the violin.Last but not least，he is warmhearted and willing to help others in need.‎ Therefore，I here recommend him to you with all my heart and I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua