2020-2021年高考英语完形填空讲解练习：利用生活常识和文化背景解题

2020-2021年高考英语完形填空讲解练习：利用生活常识和文化背景解题

2020-2021 年高考英语完形填空讲解练习：利用生活常识和文化背景解题 技法指导 完形填空题的基本形式是独立语篇，它以自身的语篇内容提供完整的语篇信息，渗透着各类相关的常 识与知识，从文化科学常识，到地理历史常识，从风俗民情到名族习惯等等。考生根据已经掌握的丰富的 文化知识和生活常识巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西方文化方面存在的巨大差异，将会节省宝贵的时间， 顺理成章地选出正确答案。另外，利用生活常识和文化背景解题也需要考生结合逻辑推断，谨慎选择。 精练必刷题： （一） Middle school is like a battleground. Everyone seems to be going through awkward physical changes, emotional mood 1 , low self﹣esteem. For me, 2 was my trouble as I stood a head above the other girls. My grandfather would watch me grow 3 uncomfortable. "Stand straight and tall." he'd say, as I tried to 4 myself to avoid sticking out. And each time, I would sheepishly do as he said. I understand that his advice was about more than just feel and 5 . My grandfather grew up in 6 Europe. When German soldiers 7 his hometown, a beautiful city in Poland, he hated them and eventually 8 to join the army to fight for his country's freedom." "Stand straight, stand tall " meant something else back then. After the war he 9 a boat for America. All alone in a new country, he was 10 about his future However, he 11 head-on into the hustle and bustle (熙熙攘攘) of the streets of New York. Soon, he met other European immigrants, each of them trying to find his or her own way. "If they could do it, why couldn't he？" Stand straight, stand tall he would always 12 himself. Thanks to the help of a loyal and 13 friend, my grandfather acquired a jewelry 14 on the street. He was nervous in the beginning. He was trying to learn this 15 new business and a new language as well. 16 , with his efforts, within months, my grandfather was commanding his 17 behind the counter, selling diamonds and all kinds of cultural pearls in no more than one year as if he had neon doing it his whole life. Listening to my grandfather's remarkable experiences has changed the way I 18 my own life. His advice to me has become much more than a 19 to improve my posture. It tells me to be 20 of who I am. 1．A．exchanges B．swings C．researches D．effects 2．A．height B．finance C．relationship D．performance 3．A．academically B．largely C．doubtfully D．increasingly 4．A．please B．judge C．shrink D．declare 5．A．inches B．dollars C．Size D．miles 6．A．weather﹣beaten B．war﹣torn C．disaster﹣hit D．tongue﹣tied 7．A．advocated B．approached C．charged D．occupied 8．A．determined B．occurred C．sought D．proved 9．A．witnessed B．boarded C．guided D．Slid 10．A．satisfied B．excited C．frightened D．tired 11．A．studied B．observed C．exploded D．marched 12．A．warn B．accept C．Remind D．consult 13．A．tricky B．trust C．cheerful D．selfish 14．A．hall B．studio C．booth D．basement 15．A．tough B．familiar C．adequate D．happy 16．A．Generally B．Secretly C．Amazingly D．Frequently 17．A．possession B．state C．right D．spot 18．A．fancy B．view C．expect D．deliver 19．A．challenge B．description C．relief D．distribution 20．A．ashamed B．typical C．force D．proud （二） Dad is a reserved man of few words but is always strict. What's more, he is quite 1 from other fathers and he believes a dutiful 2 is the product of the stick. When I was 8, Dad 3 himself outside in the day time because of his tight schedule but began to take me to task for whatever I did 4 at table after supper. He would 5 me with a belt, leaving my arms many 6 . I was emotionally upset and disturbed, so I used to 7 with other kids in the neighborhood and Dad would 8 me more heavily the next time, making it impossible for me to 9 on my lessons. Everything went from bad to 10 for me so much that I even couldn't 11 out the English alphabet. Later, I was even 12 into a reformatory school（少年管教所）. This time bitter tears were in his eyes, 13 , "Son, it is not that I don't love you, but that I should not have been so angry at your 14 to live up to my expectations!" Twenty years later, the Ph. D．graduation ceremony was around the 15 and my parents were 16 invited to show up. Dad didn't say a single word in praise of me but 17 bitterly again this time, and at this very moment, my mind was filled with mixed 18 and I stood on the stage with warm tears 19 up in my eyes： the first time you shed tears bitterly for my being 20 , but this time you did so for my being a Ph. D． 1．A．optimistic B．different C．stupid D．positive 2．A．father B．friend C．enemy D．son 3．A．busied B．blamed C．praised D．teased 4．A．right B．acceptable C．wrong D．amusing 5．A．blow B．frighten C．confuse D．pat 6．A．spots B．stains C．symptoms D．scars 7．A．correspond B．fight C．debate D．explore 8．A．polish B．scold C．belt D．criticize 9．A．depend B．take C．turn D．concentrate 10．A．better B．worse C．healthier D．poorer 11．A．pick B．write C．bring D．give 12．A．cast B．moved C．led D．pointed 13．A．reading B．screaming C．saying D．laughing 14．A．success B．review C．service D．failure 15．A．corner B．crossing C．center D．pavement 16．A．accidentally B．honorably C．casually D．unwillingly 17．A．sang B．whispered C．smiled D．cried 18．A．problems B．sentences C．emotions D．words 19．A．rising B．going C．welling D．keeping 20．A．naughty B．warmhearted C．independent D．outgoing （一） 【答案】 1-5．BADCA 6-10．BDABC 11-15．DCBCA 16-20．CDBBD 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者上高中时，因为个头太高而感到自卑，祖父通过自身经历鼓励作者， 让作者重拾自信。 1． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：高中因为是个战场而闻名, 在这里每个人经历身体的变化和情绪的波动。A. exchanges 交换；B. swings 舞动，波动；C. researches 研究；D. effects 影响。结合上文 going through awkward physical changes 可知是指经历身体的变化和情绪的波动（swings）。故选 B。 2． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，身高是我的麻烦，因为我比其他女孩高出一头。A. height 高度；B. finance 经济；C. relationship 关系；D. performance 表现。根据后文 as I stood a head above the other girls.可知作者因 为比其他女孩高，所以觉得自己的身高是个麻烦。故选 A。 3． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：祖父看着我变得越来越不自在。A. academically 学术的；B. largely 大部分的； C. doubtfully 怀疑地；D. increasingly 逐渐地。结合上文，可知作者因为长得高，所以和别的女生站在一起就 会越来越（increasingly）不自在。故选 D。 4． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我试图缩小自己，以避免突出的时候，他会说：“抬头挺胸”。A. please 使高兴； B. judge 判断；C. shrink 缩小；D. declare 声称。根据下文 to avoid sticking out 可知是想把自己缩小。故选 C。 5． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道他的建议不仅仅是感觉和身高。A. inches 尺寸；B. dollars 美元；C. size 尺寸；D. miles 里。祖父的建议并不仅仅只是指作者的身高，故应用 inches 指代身高。故选 A。 6． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我祖父在饱受战争蹂躏的欧洲长大。A. weather-beaten 饱经风霜的；B. war-torn 饱受战乱的；C. disaster-hit 灾难袭击的；D. tongue-tied 舌头打结的。根据下一句 to join the army to fight for his country's freedom 可知家乡的战事比较多。故选 B。 7． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当德国士兵占领了他的家乡——波兰一个美丽的城市时，他痛恨他们，并最终 决定参军为祖国的自由而战。A. advocated 提倡；B. approached 靠近；C. charged 负责；D. occupied 占领。 结合后文 fight for his country's freedom 可推知德国士兵占领了祖父的家乡。故选 D。 8． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当德国士兵占领了他的家乡——波兰一个美丽的城市时，他痛恨他们，并最终 决定参军为祖国的自由而战。A. determined 下决心；B. occurred 发生；C. sought 寻找；D. proved 证明。结 合后文 fight for his country's freedom 可知祖父决心参军，为国家自由而战。故选 A。 9． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：战争结束后，他登上了一艘开往美国的船。A. witnessed 见证；B. boarded 登上； C. guided 指导；D. slid 滑进。根据后文 a boat for America 可知是登上开往美国的船，短语 board a boat“登上 船”。故选 B。 10． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：独自生活在一个新的国家，他对自己的未来感到害怕。A. satisfied 满意的；B. excited 激动的；C. frightened 害怕的；D. tired 疲倦的。祖父独自一人在异国他乡，肯定会为自己的未来而担 心害怕。故选 C。 11． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，他径直走进了熙熙攘攘的纽约街头。A. studied 学习；B. observed 观察； C. exploded 探索；D. marched 前进。结合后文 head-on into the hustle and bustle of the streets 可知是指走进熙 熙攘攘的纽约街头。故选 D。 12． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他总是提醒自己站直，站高。A. warn 警告；B. accept 接受；C. remind 提醒； D. consult 咨询。结合上文祖父用“Stand straight, stand tall”这句话提醒作者可推知，这是祖父在美国谋生时提 醒自己的话。故选 C。 13． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一位忠实可靠的朋友的帮助下，我祖父在街上得到了一个珠宝摊位。A. tricky 狡猾的；B. trusty 信任的；C. cheerful 欢呼的；D. selfish 自私的。结合上文 a loyal and 可知祖父得到了一位 忠实可靠的朋友的帮助，a loyal and trusty friend“一位忠实可靠的朋友”。trusty 和 loyal 是一致的, 故选 B。 14． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一位忠实可靠的朋友的帮助下，我祖父在街上得到了一个珠宝摊位。A. hall 大厅；B. studio 工作室；C. booth 摊位；D. basement 地下室。根据下一句 my grandfather was commanding his spot behind the counter 可知父亲是找了一个摊位。故选 C。 15 ． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他努力学习这门艰难的新业务，同时也学习一门新的语言。A. tough 困难的； B. familiar 熟悉的；C. adequate 充足的；D. happy 开心的。学习新的语言和业务肯定一开始是很困难的。故 选 A。 16． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，经过他的努力，不到几个月，我的祖父就掌握了柜台后面他的 位置，在不到一年的时间里卖钻石和各种养殖珍珠，好像他一辈子都在做这件事。A. Generally 一般地；B. Secretly 秘密地；C. Amazingly 令人惊讶地；D. Frequently 频繁地。根据后文 with his efforts, within months 可 知令人惊讶地是（Amazingly），初到美国的祖父，只花了几个月就把生意做起来了。故选 C。 17． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，经过他的努力，不到几个月，我的祖父就掌握了柜台后面他的 位置，在不到一年的时间里卖钻石和各种养殖珍珠，好像他一辈子都在做这件事。A. possession 拥有；B. state 状态；C. right 权利；D. spot 地点。结合后文 behind the counter 可知是指祖父在柜台后面找到了自己位置。 故选 D。 18． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：聆听祖父的非凡经历改变了我看待自己生活的方式。A. fancy 想像；B. view 看 待；C. expect 接受；D. deliver 投递。结合上文 has changed the way I 可知是指祖父的经历改变了作者看待生 活的方式。故选 B。 19． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的建议已不仅仅是改善我的姿势的一种描述。A. challenge 挑战；B. description 描述；C. relief 放松；D. distribution 贡献。结合文章内容可知祖父的名言“Stand straight and tall.” 不仅是让作者改变自己的站姿的描述，也是祖父希望作者面对生活时要“抬头挺胸”。故选 B。 20． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它告诉我要为自己感到骄傲。A. ashamed 羞愧的；B. typical 典型的；C. force 强迫；D. proud 骄傲的。结合后文 of who I am 可知祖父希望作者能为自己感到骄傲，be proud of“为……感 到骄傲”。故选 D。 （二） 【答案】 1-5．BDACA 6-10．DBCDB 11-15．BACDA 16-20．BDCCA 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文, 一个儿子回忆父亲从小到大对他的教诲, 严厉却充满了爱, 在经历了一系列挫折和失败 后, 才渐渐领略父亲的良苦用心, 并最终取得了成功。 1． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，他和其他父亲很不一样，他相信棍棒底下出孝子。 A. optimistic 乐观的；B. different 不同的；C. stupid 愚蠢的；D. positive 积极的。根据 he believes a dutiful 2 is the product of the stick.可知，这里强调父亲的严格，所以和其他父亲不一样。故选 B 项。 2． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，他和其他父亲很不一样，他相信棍棒底下出孝子。 A. father 父亲； B. friend 朋友；C. enemy 敌人；D. son 儿子。根据 Dad is a reserved man of few words but is always strict. 可 知，这里指的是父亲对儿子严厉，他相信棍棒底下出孝子。故选 D 项。 3． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我 8 岁的时候, 爸爸因为日程紧, 白天都在外面忙碌, 但晚饭后, 无论我在餐桌上 做了什么错事, 爸爸都责怪我。A. busied 繁忙；B. blamed 责怪；C. praised 称赞；D. teased 取笑。根据下文 because of his tight schedule 可知，白天都在外面忙碌。 故选 A 项。 4． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我 8 岁的时候, 爸爸因为日程紧, 白天都在外面忙碌, 但晚饭后, 无论我在餐桌 上做了什么错事, 爸爸都责怪我。A. right 对的；B. acceptable 可接受的；C. wrong 错的；D. amusing 有趣的。 根据上文 but began to take me to task 可知是做的错事。 故选 C 项。 5． 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：他会用皮带打我, 给我的胳膊留下许多伤痕。A. blow 打；B. frighten 吓人；C. confuse 迷惑；D. pat 轻拍。根据 leaving my arms many 6.可知父亲会用皮带打作者。故选 A 项。 6． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会用皮带打我, 给我的胳膊留下许多伤痕。A. spots 斑点；地点；B. stains 污 渍；C. symptoms 症状；D. scars 疤痕。根据常识可知，皮带打人会留下许多伤痕。故选 D 项。 7． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我经常和附近的其他孩子打架。 A. correspond 对应；B. fight 战斗；C. debate 辩论；D. explore 探索。根据 I was emotionally upset and disturbed，可知，作者也常常和其他孩子打架。故 选 B 项。 8． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：下次爸爸用皮带打的更厉害。A. polish 润色；抛光；B. scold 骂；C. belt 用皮带 打；D. criticize 批评。根据上文 He would __5__me with a belt 可知是用皮带打作者。 故选 C 项。 9． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：使我无法专心学习。A. depend 依赖；B. take 接受；C. turn 转弯；D. concentrate 集中注意力。作者因为被打而无法专心学习。故选 D 项。 10． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说, 一切都变得越来越糟, 以至于我连英文字母表都写不出来了。A. better 更好的；B. worse 更糟的；C. healthier 更健康的；D. poorer 更穷的。根据 I even couldn't 11 out the English alphabet 可知，作者连英文字母表都写不出来了，所以情况是越来越糟。故选 B 项。 11． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对我来说, 一切都变得越来越糟, 以至于我连英文字母表都写不出来了。A. pick 选择；B. write 写；C. bring 带来；D. give 给予。英文字母表是需要写的。故选 B 项。 12． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来, 我甚至被送进了少年管教所。A. cast 扔，投掷；B. moved 感动；C. led 引 导；D. pointed 指向。根据 a reformatory school 可知，作者甚至被送进了少年管教所。cast sb into prison 把 某人关进监狱，需要用动词 cast。故选 A 项。 13． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一次, 他眼中含着苦涩的泪水, 说：“孩子, 不是我不爱你, 而是我不该对你辜 负我的期望而如此生气！” A. reading 阅读；B. screaming 尖叫；C. saying 说；D. laughing 笑。根据 Son, it is not that I don't love you, but that I should not have been so angry at your 14 to live up to my expectations!"。 可知，这是作者说的内容。故选 C 项。 14． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一次, 他眼中含着苦涩的泪水, 说：“孩子, 不是我不爱你, 而是我不该对你辜 负我的期望而如此生气！” A. success 成功；B. review 复习；C. service 服务；D. failure 失败。根据 live up to my expectations!，所以这里是辜负了期望，在父亲的期望上失败了。故选 D 项。 15． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：20 年后, 博士毕业典礼即将来临, 我的父母被光荣地邀请到了现场。A. corner 转 角；B. crossing 穿越；C. center 居中；D. pavement 路面。20 年后, 博士毕业典礼即将来临,be around the corner： 即将到来，故选 A 项。 16． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：20 年后, 博士毕业典礼即将来临, 我的父母被光荣地邀请到了现场。A. accidentally 意外；B. honorably 光荣地；C. casually 随便；D. unwillingly 不情愿地。博士毕业典礼是很光荣的事情，所 以是被光荣地邀请。故选 B 项。 17． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸没有说一句赞扬我的话, 但这次又痛哭了一次。A. sang 唱歌；B. whispered 窃 窃私语；C. smiled 微笑；D. cried 哭。根据下文 the first time you shed tears bitterly for my being __20__, but this time you did so for my being a Ph. D. 可知这次又痛哭了一次。 故选 D 项。 18． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的脑海里充满了复杂的情绪, 我站在舞台上热泪盈眶。A. problems 问题；B. sentences 句子；C. emotions 情绪；D. words 文字。前句提到了 mind(脑海)，所以这里是充满了复杂的情绪。 故选 C 项。 19． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的脑海里充满了复杂的情绪, 我站在舞台上热泪盈眶。A. rising 上升；B. going 去；C. welling 涌上来；D. keeping 保持。根据 warm tears 这里指泪水上涌。故选 C 项。 20． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一次你为我的淘气而痛哭, 但这次你为我成为博士而哭了。 A. naughty 淘气 的；B. warmhearted 热心的；C. independent 独立的；D. outgoing 外向的。根据上文 into a reformatory school 可知是因作者淘气而痛哭。故选 A 项。