2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit4Bodylanguage学案设计（62页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit4Bodylanguage学案设计（62页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit4Body language学案设计 Section_Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading — Prereading ‎ ‎ ‎[原文呈现]‎ COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?‎ Yesterday, another student and I, representing① our university's student association②， went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students③. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them first to their dormitories④ and then to the student canteen⑤. After half an hour of waiting for their flight⑥ to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area ⑦looking around curiously⑧. I stood for a minute watching them⑨ and then went to greet them.‎ The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia⑩， closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain⑪. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached⑫ Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek⑬！ She stepped back appearing surprised⑭ and put up her hands, as if in defence⑮. I guessed that there was probably a major⑯ misunderstanding⑰.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student.Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving hand.They both apologized — another cultural mistake！‎ ‎[读文清障]‎ ‎①represent/ˌreprI'zent/vt.代表；象征 ‎②association/əˌsəʊsI'eIʃn/n.社团；联系；联想 现在分词短语作定语，前后有逗号隔开时，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎③to meet ... 为不定式短语作目的状语。‎ ‎④dormitory/'dɔːmItrI/n.宿舍　⑤canteen/kæn'tiːn/n.食堂 ‎⑥flight/flaIt/n.飞行；航班 ‎⑦现在分词短语looking around curiously作伴随状语。‎ ‎⑧curiously/'kjʊərIəslI/adv.好奇地 curious/'kjʊərIəs/adj.好奇的 ‎⑨现在分词短语watching them作伴随状语。‎ ‎⑩Colombia/kə'lʌmbIə/n.哥伦比亚(南美洲国家)‎ to arrive为the first person的后置定语。‎ ‎⑪过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句who was ...。‎ ‎⑫approach/ə'prəʊtʃ/vt. & vi.接近；靠近；走近 n．接近；方法；途径 ‎⑬kiss sb. on the cheek亲吻某人的脸颊。‎ cheek/tʃiːk/n.面颊 ‎⑭现在分词短语appearing surprised作伴随状语。‎ ‎⑮in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……辩护)‎ defence/dI'fens/n.防御；保卫 defend/dI'fend/vt.保护；保卫 ‎⑯major/'meIdʒə/adj.主要的；重要的；大的 ‎⑰misunderstanding n．误解；误会 misunderstand/ˌmIsʌndə'stænd/vt.误解；误会 交际：没有问题了吗？‎ ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 昨天，我和另外一名学生代表我们学校的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。他们是来北京大学学习的。我们首先会把他们带到宿舍，然后去学生食堂。等了半个小时之后，他们的航班到达了，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，他们好奇地向四周张望。站着观察了他们一会儿后，我便走过去向他们打招呼。‎ 第一个到达的人是来自哥伦比亚的托尼•加西亚，随后紧跟着的是来自英国的朱莉娅•史密斯。在与他们碰面并介绍他们彼此认识了之后，我(对看到的情景)感到很吃惊。托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，亲了亲她的脸颊！她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了双手，好像是在自卫。我猜想这里可能有个大的误会。随后，来自日本的永田明微笑着走了进来，同时来的还有来自加拿大的乔治•库克。当我为他们作介绍时，乔治把手伸向了这位日本学生。然而，就在那时永田明鞠了一躬，所以他的鼻子碰到了乔治伸过来的手。两个人都互相道了歉——又一个文化差错！‎ Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan⑱. When we met yesterday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself.I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing⑲ through the door⑳， she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face○21.They shook hands○22 and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults○23 meet people they know.Ahmed Aziz, on the contrary, simply○24 nodded at the girls.Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim○25 countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.‎ ‎⑱Jordan/'dʒɔːdn/n.约旦(西亚国家)‎ ‎⑲dash/dæʃ/vi.猛冲；突进 ‎⑳现在分词短语dashing through the door作方式状语，修饰came。‎ ‎○21smiling face中的smiling是v.ing形式作face的定语。‎ ‎○22shake hands握手 ‎○23adult/'ædʌlt；US ə'dʌlt/n.成人；成年人adj.成人的；成熟的 ‎○24simply/'sImplI/adv.简单地；只 ‎○25Muslim/'mʊzlIm/n. & adj.穆斯林(的)；伊斯兰教信徒(的)‎ ‎[第3段译文]‎ 另一位国际学生艾哈迈德•阿齐兹来自约旦。我们昨天见面，我进行自我介绍时，他靠我很近。我往后退了一点儿，但他又上前问了我一个问题，然后同我握手。当来自法国的达琳•库隆从门口匆忙进来时，她认出了托尼•加西亚微笑的面孔。他们握了握手，并且在对方的面颊上吻了两下，因为法国成年人见到熟人就是这么做的。相反地，艾哈迈德•阿齐兹只是朝女孩们点了点头。来自中东和其他穆斯林国家的男士在谈话时通常站得离其他男士很近，但一般不会与女士接触。‎ As I get to know○26 more international friends, I learn more about this cultural “body language”．Not all○27 cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable○28 in the same way with touching or distance between people.In the same way that people communicate with spoken○29 language, they also express their ‎ feelings using unspoken “language”○30 through physical distance, actions or posture○31.English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet.However, people from places like Spain○32， Italy○33 or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to○34 touch them.Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.‎ These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed○35. I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general — not all members of a culture behave in the same way. In general○36， though○37， studying international customs○38 can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads○39！‎ ‎○26get to do sth.逐渐做某事，get之后的动词不定式多为表示认知过程或心理变化的动词。‎ ‎○27not all表示部分否定。‎ ‎○28nor are they comfortable为倒装结构，nor或neither放句首时，句子应使用部分倒装结构。‎ ‎○29spoken/'spəʊkən/adj.口语的 ‎○30现在分词短语using unspoken “language”作方式状语。‎ ‎○31posture/'pɒstʃə/n.姿势；体态 ‎○32Spain/speIn/n.西班牙(欧洲国家)‎ ‎○33Italy/'ItəlI/n.意大利(欧洲国家)‎ ‎○34be likely to很可能……，有希望……‎ likely/'laIklI/adj.可能的 ‎○35in which cultures have developed是in which引导的定语从句，修饰ways, in which还可用that替换，也可省略不用。‎ ‎○36in general(＝generally speaking)总的来说；通常(写文章或说话时作总结用的插入语)‎ ‎○37though在此处为副词用法，意为“然而”。‎ ‎○38动名词短语studying international customs在句中作主语。‎ ‎○39crossroads/'krɒsrəʊdz/n.十字路口 at the crossroads (人生或发展)处于关键时刻(可作表语、状语等)‎ ‎[第4～5段译文]‎ 随着认识的国际朋友越来越多，我也了解到更多不同文化背景下的“身体语言”。各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。用口头语言交流的同时，人们还使用不出声的“语言”，通过身体间的距离、动作或姿势等来表达情感。比如，英国人通常不会站在离别人太近的地方，也不会一见面就(用身体)接触陌生人。不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。现在世界上大多数人见面要握手相互问候，但有些文化(背景的人)也采取另外一些寒暄方式，比方说，日本人就更愿意鞠躬。‎ 这些行为无所谓好坏，它们只不过是文化发展的不同方式而已。然而，我发现身体语言的文化习俗是多元的——同一种(民族)文化中也并非所有成员的行为都一样。但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助 我们避免交往中的困难！‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Prereading ‎ Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．defence　　 　 A．to come near or nearer to someone or sth.‎ ‎2．likely B．to keep safe from harm; to protect ‎3．represent C．very large or important, when compared to other things or people of a similar kind ‎4．defend D．a big bedroom for a lot of people ‎5．approach E．to say hello to sb. or to welcome sb.　‎ ‎6．greet F．action of defending oneself against an enemy's attack ‎7．misunderstand G．to be chosen to speak or act in place of someone ‎8．dormitory H．a formal or official account of facts or opinions ‎9．major I．to understand sth. incorrectly ‎10．statement J．very probably ‎1～5　________________　6～10　________________‎ 答案：1～5　FJGBA　6～10　EIDCH ‎ Leadin ‎1．Look at the following pictures.What do these gestures mean? What are they trying to tell us?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (1)You're great！　(2)I'm sorry.　(3)Nice to meet you.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(4)Please stop.　　　　(5)I don't know.‎ ‎2．What do people in different countries usually do when meeting?‎ ‎(1)China and Britain: handshake ‎(2)Japan: bow ‎(3)Some western countries: hug ‎(4)Russia and France: kiss ‎ ‎ Whilereading ‎ Fastreading ‎1．Read the text and then try to write down the main idea.‎ The text is mainly about different body_languages in different countries. In order to avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads, we had better study_international_customs.‎ ‎2．Read the text and match each paragraph with its main idea.‎ ‎(1)Paragraph 1　 　A．Different people have different body languages.‎ ‎(2)Paragraphs 2－3 B．Summary of body language.‎ ‎(3)Paragraph 4 C．Meet the visitors at the airport.‎ ‎(4)Paragraph 5 D．People from different countries express greetings in different ways.‎ ‎(1)～(4)　________________‎ 答案：(1)～(4)　CDAB ‎ Carefulreading ‎(Ⅰ)True (T) or False (F)．‎ ‎1．There are seven international students in the story.(F)‎ ‎2．Englishmen often stand close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet.(F)‎ ‎3．People from Jordan will move very close to you as you introduce yourself to them.(T)‎ ‎4．Some body languages in some countries are good while some countries' body language are bad.(F)‎ ‎5．All members of a culture behave in the same way.(F)‎ ‎6．Learning English well can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads.(F)‎ ‎(Ⅱ)Choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．Where is Tony Garcia from?‎ A．Britain.　　　　　　 　B．Japan.‎ C．Colombia. D．Canada.‎ ‎2．From Paragraph 2 we know that Japanese prefer to ________ when they are introduced to others.‎ A．bow B．shake hands C．kiss each other D．touch others' shoulders ‎3．According to the text, men from the Middle East often ________.‎ A．nod heads and wave hands to girls B．touch others' heads when they first meet C．kiss each other twice on each cheek when they are introduced to others D．stand quite close to other men when they talk ‎4．From the text, we can know that ________.‎ A．people are likely to keep the same distance in different countries B．men from Muslim countries often stand close to others to shake hands C．people from the same culture may greet each other in different ways D．body language has nothing to do with our life and communication ‎5．From the text, we can infer that people ________.‎ A．are facing multicultural communication problems B．are trying to make progress in English learning C．need to know more people and make friends with them D．are doing business with each other 答案：1～5　CADCA ‎ Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.‎ ‎1．Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ Yesterday，时间状语 another student and I，主语 representing ... association， ‎ went to ... Airport谓语和宾语 to meet ... students.不定式短语作目的状语 ‎[尝试翻译]　昨天，我和另外一名学生代表我们学校的学生会，去首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。‎ ‎2．After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　等了半个小时之后，他们的航班到达了，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，他们好奇地向四周张望。‎ ‎3．They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　他们握了握手，并且在对方的面颊上吻了两下，因为法国成年人见到熟人就是这么做的。‎ ‎4．Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　现在世界上大多数人见面要握手相互问候，但有些文化(背景的人)也采取另外一些寒暄方式，比方说，日本人就更愿意鞠躬。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A In England recently three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop and waited. About five minutes later, the bus they wanted came along. They were just going to get on when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them. People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way. Someone shouted at them. The bus conductor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about. The three foreigners seemed all at_sea and looked embarrassed. No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at the bus stop is the first person to get on the bus.‎ Learning the language of a country isn't enough. If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country. You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he doesn't agree. But in many parts of India a shake of the head means agreement. Nodding your head when you are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably leave you thirsty.‎ 语篇解读：文章以一个小故事作为开头，向我们介绍了英国人的乘车习惯，并进一步向我们介绍了不同国家肢体语言的内涵。‎ ‎1．The British people tried to push the three gentlemen out of the way, because the gentlemen ________.‎ A．were foreigners　　　 　B．didn't have tickets C．made a loud noise D．didn't line up for the bus 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第一段的“No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that ... on the bus.”可知，英国人因为这三位外国人没有排队而将他们推到一边。‎ ‎2．According to the article, if you want to have a pleasant journey in a foreign country, you should ________.‎ A．learn the language of the country B．understand the manners and customs of the country C．have enough time and money D．make friends with the people there 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第二段第二句话“If you want to have a pleasant ... your host country.”可知，当我们到国外旅行时，应该对目标国的风俗有所了解。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined phrase “at sea” probably mean?‎ A．Tired. B．Disappointed.‎ C．Pleased. D．Confused.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的一句话可知，这三位外国人对英国的风俗并不知情，由此可知，当他们面对英国人当时的反应时会感到迷惑。‎ ‎4．In India it is considered impolite to________.‎ A．use the right hand for passing food at table B．pass food with the left hand C．eat food with your hands D．help yourself at table 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第二段的“A visitor to India would do well ... left hand for passing food at table.”可知，在印度用左手递食物被认为是不礼貌的。‎ B Car companies such as Tesla and Nissan have been leading the way in electric car technology. What makes these cars “green” is that because they run on electricity instead of gasoline, they do not give off any polluting greenhouse gases. The Toyota Mirai is also a kind of green car, since it is powered by a hydrogen fuel battery (氢燃料电池)．‎ Hydrogen, as you know, exists in large quantities on the earth. It was used to power gaslights for centuries before electric lights came along. Hydrogen fuel can be made from many sources including solar, natural gas and even rubbish. In terms of energy contained, 9.5 kg of hydrogen is equal to 25 kg of gasoline. According to Toyota, the two tanks on the Mirai hold 5 kg of hydrogen, and can cover a distance of over 300 miles. This is twice the output of gasoline cars.‎ In a hydrogen fuel battery, the one proton (质子) and one electron in a hydrogen atom are broken up. While the electrons power the car, the positivelycharged hydrogen proton combines with the oxygen atom to produce water. The process also produces a lot of heat which turns this water into water vapor. This is the reason that cars running on hydrogen fuel batteries give off water vapor from their exhaust pipes when ‎ running.‎ According to Toyota, it takes only 5 minutes to refill a hydrogen tank, which is much quicker than charging electric cars. However, the biggest challenge for the company is the availability of hydrogencharging stations. California and the New England states are in the process of building a hydrogen superhighway — with charging stations along the way. Countries like Germany, Japan and the UK are also adding more charging stations.‎ The Toyota Mirai began to be available in the US in the second half of 2015 for $57,500. This hydrogenfueled car will probably take the place of gasoline cars in the near future. After all, it is an energysaving and environment friendly car.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．According to the passage, hydrogen ________.‎ A．is a newlydiscovered energy source B．can only be made from limited sources C．provides more energy than an equal amount of gasoline D．will soon become the main fuel for most of Toyota's cars　‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In terms of energy contained, 9.5 kg of hydrogen is equal to 25 kg of gasoline.”可知，同等量的氢比汽油所提供的能量更多，故选C。‎ ‎6．The third paragraph is mainly about ________.‎ A．how the Toyota Mirai works B．why hydrogen is very popular C．advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen D．the components of a hydrogen fuel battery 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要讲述的是丰田推出的这款利用氢燃料电池来驱动的Mirai汽车是如何工作的，故选A。‎ ‎7．What can we learn about the Toyota Mirai?‎ A．It runs on both gasoline and hydrogen.‎ B．It has become a great threat to other electric cars.‎ C．It gives off only a few polluting greenhouse gases.‎ D．It may sell well with more charging stations around.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文中多处提及的该车的优点和第四段中的“the biggest challenge ... the availability of hydrogencharging stations”可知，如果将来能够配备足够多的充气站，那么该车的销量可能会很好，故选D。‎ ‎8．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．A new wave of green cars B．The benefits of electric cars C．Tesla：a leading car company D．Hydrogen: a future energy source 解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了丰田公司推出的一款新能源汽车——Mirai。这款利用氢燃料电池来驱动的汽车有着诸多靠汽油驱动的汽车所不具备的优点，故A项作文章标题最恰当。‎ C Louis Sachar is the author of more than 20 books that are loved by children, parents ‎ and teachers. You might recognize his name from the series of Wayside School books or Marvin Redpost books. You might also know him as the author of the Newbery Awardwinning book Holes.‎ As successful as Louis Sachar is at writing funny, touching books, he didn't always know he wanted to be a writer. He remembers enjoying writing in school. In college he studied the Russian language. He spent some time as a teacher's helper when he was in college and found he really enjoyed working with young people. Even after his experiences teaching and working with children, Sachar still hadn't decided what career he wanted to have. After college he attended law school and got a law degree several years later. About ten years later, after writing several books, Sachar finally felt that his books were successful enough for him to write full time.‎ Sachar spends two hours writing each morning when he feels most fresh. He likes to be alone when he writes, except for the company (陪伴) of his two dogs. He tries to remember what it was like to be a child and to use these feelings in his books. He also uses his teaching experiences, as well as his daughter's life.‎ Sachar doesn't sit down with an organized plan when he starts a new book. Instead he starts with just a seed (萌芽) of an idea, maybe a character trait (个性特征) or a funny event. He starts writing and finds that writing produces more ideas.‎ Sachar doesn't worry about perfecting his story the first time around. In fact, he may write his story five or six times before he sends it to the publisher.‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章介绍了儿童作家Louis Sachar。‎ ‎9．What do we know about Sachar's writing career?‎ A．He studied writing in college.‎ B．He wrote about young people in school.‎ C．He didn't decide to be a fulltime writer at first.‎ D．He didn't start writing until he became a teacher.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As successful as Louis Sachar ... he wanted to be a writer”， “Even after his experiences ... he wanted to have”， “About ten years later ... to write full time”等内容可知，Sachar一开始并没有想成为一名全职作家。‎ ‎10．What might be a source of ideas for Sachar's stories?‎ A．His two dogs.‎ B．His childhood life.‎ C．Other authors' books.‎ D．His lawyer experiences.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He tries to remember what it was like to be a child and to use these feelings in his books”可知，Sachar的写作灵感之一来源于其儿时经历。‎ ‎11．Which of the following describes Sachar's writing habit?‎ A．He writes with his daughter around.‎ B．He starts with an unclear plan.‎ C．He feels most fresh at night.‎ D．He writes all day long.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Sachar doesn't sit down with an organized ‎ plan when he starts a new book”可知，Sachar开始创作一本新书时，脑海中并没有一个清晰的写作计划。‎ ‎12．What might Sachar do after he finishes a book for the first time?‎ A．He keeps on improving it.‎ B．He starts writing another one.‎ C．He asks friends to check it for mistakes.‎ D．He sends it to the publisher for perfection.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Sachar往往会对其书籍的初稿进行五、六遍的润色。 ‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Questions to Ask Before Getting Your Child a Cellphone At what age should you get your child a cellphone? __1__ However, before you decide to add your child to your family plan, ask yourself these questions.‎ ‎__2__‎ If you and your child are not often apart beyond school hours, a cellphone may not be a serious necessity, but if he is independent or involved in extracurricular (课外的) activities outside your home, a cellphone could be useful, especially during emergencies as a convenient means of communication with you.‎ Does your child understand the cost?‎ Make sure your child understands the cost of having a cellphone. __3__ Some options to help control costs include prepaid and postpaid phones, setting a monthly budget for your child.‎ How can you keep your child's phone usage safe and under control?‎ Before you get your child a phone, you should discuss what it can be used for, rules he is expected to follow, and consequences if he fails to follow them. __4__‎ ‎__5__ If you prefer to take an extra step towards monitoring his phone use, these application programs allow you to track your child's mobile activity.‎ A．Who needs a cellphone?‎ B．How can you determine whether or not to buy a cellphone for your child?‎ C．You ask your child to make use of his cellphone for learning.‎ D．Also be sure that he can be trusted to stay within his limits from month to month.‎ E．Also, educate yourself on what social media apps are popular with teens.‎ F．According to Pew Research Center, the average age is between 12 and 13.‎ G．For example, is the phone only to be used to call family, or can it be used socially?‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。孩子要不要买手机？什么时候给孩子买手机合适？为什么需要手机？如何规划手机产生的费用？文章就这些问题给出了适当的解释。‎ ‎1.选F　根据文章的大意和本段首句中的关键信息词“At what age”可知，回答的问题涉及孩子的年龄，故选项F符合语境。‎ ‎2．选B　根据下一段中的两个if条件句，“如果你孩子不常离开你们……”和“如果你孩子很独立或常参加课外活动……”来确定该不该买手机，由此可推断出该段的标题为“How can you determine whether or not to buy a cellphone for your child”。‎ ‎3．选D　由上一句提出的“the cost of having a cellphone”和后一句分析的几种选择的方式可知，此空该填入D项合适。此外，“Also be sure”与“Make sure”‎ 相呼应。‎ ‎4．选G　由前一句中的关键信息“discuss what it can be used for, rules ... and consequences if he fails to follow them”即可推断出，“For example, is the phone only to be used to call family, or can it be used socially”符合语境。G项举例说明了孩子该如何使用手机。‎ ‎5．选E　由空格后一句中的关键信息“these application programs allow you to track your child's mobile activity”即可推断出E项符合语境。E项中的“social media apps”与下文中的“these application programs”相照应。‎ Section_Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading — Language Points ‎ ‎ 一、这样记单词 记得准•写得对 记得快•记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.greet vi. & vt.　　　　　　迎接；问候 ‎2.represent vt. 代表；象征 ‎3.dormitory n. 宿舍 ‎4.canteen n. 食堂 ‎5.flight n. 飞行；航班 ‎6.approach vt. & vi. 接近；靠近；走近 n. 接近；方法；途径 ‎7.cheek n. 面颊 ‎8.dash vi. 猛冲；突进 ‎9.adult n. 成年人；成人 adj. 成人的；成熟的 ‎10.likely adj. 可能的 ‎11.crossroads n. 十字路口 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.statement n．陈述；说明→state vt.陈述；说明 ‎2.association n．社团；联系；联想→associate vt.结交；联合 ‎3.curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心 ‎4.defend vt.保护；保卫→defence n．防御；保卫 ‎5.major adj.主要的→majority n．大多数 ‎6.misunderstand vt.误解；误会→misunderstanding n．误解；误会 ‎7.spoken adj.口语的→unspoken adj.未说出口的；非口语的 ‎8.employee n．雇员→employ v．雇用；使用→employer n．雇主→employment n．雇用；就业 1.represent vt.代表；象征 ‎[记法]　re(再)＋present(呈现，赠送)→再现→代表，象征；再赠送，描绘 ‎[词块]　represent ideas by words　　用言语表达思想 ‎[同义]　①stand for 代表 ‎②display v. 展现 ‎2.approach v．接近；靠近；走近n.方法；途径；接近 ‎[记法]　ap(＝to)＋proach(近)→向……靠近→接近 ‎[词块]　①try a new approach to teaching ‎ 尝试新的教学法 ‎②traditional approach 传统方法 ‎③simple approach 简单的方法 ‎④correct approach 正确的方法 ‎⑤scientific approach 科学的方法 ‎3.defend vt.保护；保卫 ‎[记法]　de(离开)＋fend(击打)→躲开打击→保卫 ‎[词块]　①defend one's motherland 保卫祖国 ‎②defend the national interest 保护民族利益 ‎③defend one's views 为自己的观点辩护 ‎④defend interests of 捍卫……的利益 ‎[同义]　①protect v. 保护 ‎②guard v. 保卫 ‎[反义]　attack v. 攻击 ‎4.major adj.主要的 ‎[反义]　minor adj. 不很重要的 ‎[词块]　①major earthquake 大地震 ‎②major industries 主要工业 ‎③major operation 大手术 ‎④major road 要道 ‎⑤major subjects 主修专业课程 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.close_to　　　　　　　靠近 ‎2．in_defence 保卫；防御 ‎3．on_the_contrary 相反地 ‎4．be_likely_to 很可能……；有希望……‎ ‎5．in_general 总的来说；通常 ‎6．defend_against/from 保卫……以免受 ‎7．in_place_of 代替 ‎8．at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 ‎9．reach_out 伸出 ‎10．shake_hands_with 与……握手 1.different ways to greet someone using words 用话语问候某人的不同方式 ‎2．student association　学生会 ‎3．international student 国际学生 ‎4．the student canteen 学生餐厅 ‎5．wait for their flight to arrive 等他们航班到达 ‎6．a major misunderstanding 一个大误会 ‎7．reach his hand out to ... 朝……伸出手 ‎8．move close to sb. 向某人靠近 ‎9．communicate with spoken language 用语言交流 ‎10．the only form of communication 唯一的交流方式 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.‎ 第一个到达的人是来自哥伦比亚的托尼•加西亚，随后紧跟着的是来自英国的朱莉娅•史密斯。 句中动词不定式to arrive作the first person的后置定语。 He was late today, nevertheless his teacher forgave him, for he was the first to_arrive_at_school_in_general.‎ 他今天迟到了，然而老师还是原谅了他，因为他通常都是最早到校的。‎ ‎2.Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!‎ 托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，亲了亲她的脸颊！ “动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”结构。 My little brother hit_me_in_the_mouth carelessly.‎ 弟弟不小心打了我的嘴。‎ ‎3.Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.‎ 各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。 ①Not all“并非全部……”表示部分否定。‎ ‎②nor are they为倒装句式。 ①All the boys are not interested in sports.‎ ‎＝Not_all the boys are interested in sports.‎ 不是所有的男孩子都喜欢运动。‎ ‎②I haven't seen her and neither/nor_have I heard from her.‎ 我没有见过她，也没有收到她的信。‎ ‎4.These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.‎ 这些行为无所谓好坏，它们只不过是文化发展的不同方式而已。 the way作先行词，用in which/that/省略引导定语从句。 The medical science is only beginning to understand the ways in_which/that/不填 the mind influences the body.‎ 对于心灵影响身体的各种方式，医学只是刚刚有所了解。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．(教材P26)Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.‎ 昨天，我和另外一名学生代表我们学校的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。‎ represent vt.代表；表现；描绘；象征 ‎(1)represent sb. as/to be ...　　 宣称某人为……‎ represent ... as ... 把……描绘成……‎ represent oneself as/to be ... 自称是……‎ represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事；‎ ‎ 向某人传达某事 ‎(2)representative adj. 代表性的 ‎　　　　　　n. 代表，代理人 ‎①He represented himself to be a friend of my father's，but now we know the truth.‎ 他自称是我父亲的朋友，但现在我们知道真相了。‎ ‎②She represents_herself_as the kindest mother in the world.‎ 她把自己描绘成世界上最好的母亲。‎ ‎③Let me represent my ideas to you in an easy way.‎ 让我用一种简单的方式说明我的想法。‎ ‎[名师点津]　represent作“向……描述/表达”讲时，不能直接跟“人”作宾语，常用结构为“represent sth.to sb.”或“represent to sb.sth.”。有类似用法的单词还有explain, suggest, announce, guarantee等。‎ ‎2．(教材P26)After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.‎ 等了半个小时之后，他们的航班到达了，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，他们好奇地向四周张望。‎ curiously adv.好奇地；奇妙地 ‎(1)curious adj.　　　　　　　　　 好奇的 be curious about ... 对……好奇 be curious to do ... 急于做……‎ ‎(2)curiosity n. 好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 ‎①Curiously enough, a year later exactly the same thing happened again.‎ 说来奇怪，完全一样的事情一年后又发生了。‎ ‎②The little boy is curious about everything he meets with.‎ 这个小男孩对遇到的任何事情都感兴趣。‎ ‎③We are curious to_find_(find) the truth of the matter.‎ 我们急于弄清那件事的真相。‎ ‎④When I first walked into the network world, it is with curiosity (curious)．‎ 我当初走进网络的世界，是抱着好奇心来的。‎ ‎3．(教材P26)Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!‎ 托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，亲了亲她的脸颊！‎ approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近 n．接近；方法；途径 ‎(1)an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 make approaches to sb. 想接近某人；想与某人打交道 ‎(2)approachable adj. 可接近的；友好的 ‎①Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.(2017•天津高考)‎ 不幸的是，正当我拿出相机的时候，一位女士从后面走了过来，站在了我眼前，挡住了我的视线。‎ ‎②At_the_approach_of the cinema, he stopped and waited for his friends.‎ 在快到电影院时，他停下来等他的朋友。‎ ‎③Yesterday we held a meeting and made_an_approach_to the lowcarbon life.‎ 昨天我们召开了一个会议，对低碳生活进行了探讨。‎ ‎④We found him very approachable (approach) and easy to talk with.‎ 我们认为他非常和蔼可亲，容易交流。‎ ‎[联想发散]　approach, way, means, method等在表达“(做)某事的方法”时各自的搭配分别是：‎ ‎①the approach to (doing) sth.‎ ‎②the way to do/of (doing) sth.‎ ‎③the means of (doing) sth.‎ ‎④the method of (doing) sth.‎ ‎4．(教材P26)She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.‎ 她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了双手，好像是在自卫。‎ defence n．防御；保卫 ‎(1)in defence (of)　　　　　　 保卫(……)‎ ‎(2)defend vt. 防御；保卫；保护；辩护 defend oneself 自卫；为……辩护 defend against 抵御 defend sb. from/against 保护某人免受……‎ ‎①Most countries have armies for their defence.‎ 大多数国家都有用于防御的军队。‎ ‎②He gave his life in_defence_of his country.‎ 他为保卫祖国而献出了生命。‎ ‎③He made a long speech defending/to_defend_his_views_from/against_objection.‎ 他作了长篇演讲来保护他的观点不遭反对。‎ ‎[名师点津]　defend的宾语是保护的对象，而against后接的是防御的对象。‎ ‎5．(教材P26)I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.‎ 我猜想这里可能有个大误会。‎ major adj.主要的；重要的 n．专业vi.主修 ‎(1)major in　　　　　　　　 主修 ‎(2)majority n. 多数；大半 in the majority 占大多数 ‎(3)minor adj. 较小的；次要的 minority n. 少数；少数民族 in the minority 占少数 ‎①Do you know what the major cause of the strike is?‎ 你知道这次罢工的主要原因是什么吗？‎ ‎②Mary is majoring in French at Stanford University.‎ 玛丽正在斯坦福大学专攻法语。‎ ‎③Women are in the majority (major) in the company; men are in the minority (minor)．‎ 在这家公司，女性占大多数，男性占少数。‎ ‎6．(教材P26)When we met yesterday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself.‎ 我们昨天见面，我进行自我介绍时，他靠我很近。‎ close to靠近 get close to　　　　　　　　　 靠近……；接近……‎ come close to (doing sth.) 差点儿(做某事)‎ be close at hand 近在咫尺 have a close relation with 同……有密切关系 keep in close contact 保持密切联系 bring sth. to a close 结束某事 come to a close 结束；终止 ‎①He lives close to the station.‎ 他住得离车站很近。‎ ‎②They tried to bring the war in that area to a close.‎ 他们竭力想结束那个地区的战争。‎ ‎③Don't get_close_to me; I'm about to get seasick.‎ 不要靠近我，我要晕船了。‎ ‎7．(教材P26)However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.‎ 不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能会(用身体)接触对方。‎ likely adj.可能的 adv.或许；可能 be likely to　　　　　　　　 很可能……；有希望……‎ It is likely that ... 有可能……‎ Sb. is likely to 某人有可能……‎ ‎①Studies show that people who volunteer are less likely to develop depression than people who don't.(2016•浙江10月高考)‎ 研究表明，参加志愿者的人比不参加的更不容易得抑郁症。‎ ‎②She is very likely to ring me tonight.‎ ‎＝It_is_very_likely_that she will ring me tonight.‎ 她今晚很有可能给我打电话。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　likely, possible, probable likely 指从外表、迹象上进行判断，有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语。 It is likely that ...或Sb./Sth.is likely to ...‎ possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语。 It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that ...‎ probable 可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。不能用人作主语。 It's probable that ..., 不能用于It's probable for sb. to do sth.这一结构。‎ 选择上述单词填空 ‎③It is possible for me to change jobs, but I am not sure.‎ ‎④I'm likely to be very busy tomorrow.‎ ‎⑤It is probable/likely/possible that he will set a world record in 2020.‎ ‎8．(教材P26)In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!‎ 但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难！‎ in general 总的来说；通常；一般而言；大体上 generally speaking (＝as a general rule/in a general way) 一般说来；大致上 ‎①In general, her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful.‎ 总的来说，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章糟透了。‎ ‎②Everyone is buying more clothes but in_general we are not spending more money on them.‎ 大家都在购买更多的衣服，而我们一般不打算在衣服上花太多钱。‎ ‎③Generally_speaking,_we enjoyed the trip.‎ 总的来说，我们这次旅行很愉快。‎ ‎[联想发散]　“in＋n.”结构的短语还有：‎ ‎①in short　　　　　　　　 总而言之；简言之 ‎②in danger 处于危险中 ‎③in particular 特别地；尤其 ‎④in detail 详细地 ‎⑤in public 公开；当众 ‎⑥in brief 简言之 ‎⑦in secret 秘密地 ‎⑧in vain 徒劳 ‎ ‎ ‎1．The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.‎ 第一个到达的人是来自哥伦比亚的托尼•加西亚，随后紧跟着的是来自英国的朱莉娅•史密斯。‎ ‎1)句中不定式to arrive作定语，修饰the first person，与the first person之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。‎ ‎①It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.‎ 它是赢得所有这三项大奖的第一部戏剧。‎ ‎2)英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要还有：‎ ‎(1)被修饰词前有the only, the very, the next等词时。‎ ‎②The next thing to do is to relax yourself completely.‎ 下一步要做的事情是完全放松你自己。‎ ‎(2)抽象名词time, way, ability, reason, chance, courage, opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。‎ ‎③I had a chance to_visit (visit) the Great Wall last month.‎ 上个月我有幸游览了长城。‎ ‎(3)不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语。‎ ‎④I have something important to tell you.‎ 我有要事相告。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要有必要的介词。‎ ‎(2)如果不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出，则不定式应使用被动语态。‎ ‎⑤She has only a little room to_live_in.‎ 她只有一个小房间居住。‎ ‎⑥I am going to Beijing next week.Do you have anything to_be_taken (take) to your son?‎ 我下周打算去北京，你有东西带给你儿子吗？‎ ‎2．Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the ‎ same way with touching or distance between people.‎ 各种文化背景下的人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。‎ ‎(1)句中not all ...表示部分否定。not与一些具有整体、全部意义的词如all, both, every, everything, everybody, everywhere, altogether, entirely, completely等连用时，不管not放在什么位置，均表示部分否定。‎ ‎①Such a thing is not to be found everywhere.‎ 这种事并非随处可见。‎ ‎②Not all people like to bargain.‎ 并非所有的人都喜欢讨价还价。‎ ‎[名师点津]　用none, neither, no one, nobody, nothing, never等表示全部否定。‎ ‎③None_of the students have passed the exam.‎ 这些学生都没有通过考试。‎ ‎(2)nor are they ...是倒装句，为部分倒装。表示前面的否定情况也适用于后者，常用“neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构。‎ ‎④I didn't go swimming yesterday, neither did Jack.‎ 我昨天没去游泳，杰克也没去。‎ ‎⑤If you don't go to see the movie, neither_will_I.‎ 如果你不去看电影，我也不去。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It's nearly nine o'clock and the teacher is likely to_walk (walk) into the classroom at any moment.‎ ‎2．Property insurance helps you to defend against natural disasters, in front of which humans appear too small.‎ ‎3．It's close to showtime now. Lose no time!‎ ‎4．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches (approach) to the study of maths.‎ ‎5．Children are curious about animals and show great curiosity (curious) about how they live.‎ ‎6．At the meeting, she expressed her satisfaction, representing (represent) her university.‎ ‎7．In general, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.‎ ‎8．Mr. White was the first person to_arrive (arrive) and he would make a speech.‎ ‎9．She would never sing, nor would she dance.‎ ‎10．She majors in history. However, the majority (major) of her friends major in science.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 represent ... as ...， in the majority， in defence of， major in， close to， the approach of， be likely to， in general ‎ ‎1．Among the English teachers in our school, Women teachers are in_the_majority. ‎ ‎2．Evidence has been found through years of study that children's early sleeping ‎ problems are_likely_to continue when they grow up.‎ ‎3．My son majors_in economics at Beijing university.‎ ‎4．She represents herself as an expert in English.‎ ‎5．The_approach_of winter brings cold weather.‎ ‎6．He joined the army in_defence_of his country.‎ ‎7．It was raining heavily. As little Mary felt cold, she stood close_to her mother.‎ ‎8．In_general,_most teenagers now listen to pop music.However, John prefers classical music.‎ ‎ ‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Soon afterwards he made his first public statement (声明) about the affair.‎ ‎2．Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approached (降临)．‎ ‎3．Vancouver is a major (重要的) city of Canada.‎ ‎4．There must have been some misunderstanding (误会). I didn't order the piece of equipment.‎ ‎5．You can chat with foreigners frequently to improve your spoken (口语的) English.‎ ‎6．All flights (航班) to New York today are delayed because of the bad weather.‎ ‎7．Her facial (面部的) expressions tell you how she feels.‎ ‎8．We are curious (好奇的) to know how the air crash happened.‎ ‎9．The building is designed as the dormitory (宿舍) for the students.‎ ‎10．The defence (辩护) lawyer made a great impression on the jury.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to work things out.work→working ‎2．An apple fell from the tree and hit him on his head.‎ his→the ‎3．Don't speak until speaking to.speaking→spoken ‎4．All the policemen have been trained to defence themselves from the sudden attacks.defence→defend ‎5．He majored at Literature at Harvard University.‎ 第一个at→in ‎6．My attitude towards this matter is contrary with yours.‎ with→to ‎7．General speaking, life is not easy.General→Generally ‎8．Be quiet. Listen close to me.close→closely Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．Not_all_people like entertaining programs on TV, particularly the aged.‎ 并非所有人都喜欢电视娱乐节目，尤其是老年人。‎ ‎2．Out_of_curiosity,_he went to the river, but he slipped into it.‎ 出于好奇，他向河边走去，却滑了进去。‎ ‎3．Two rescue workers came_to_his_defence when the accident happened.‎ 当事故发生时，两名救援人员保护了他。‎ ‎4．The_majority_of_workers find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they ‎ earn.‎ 大多数职工都觉得很难靠他们挣得那点钱生活。‎ ‎5．There_seems_to_be_some_misunderstanding about the matter.‎ 对于这个问题似乎有些误解。‎ ‎6．In_general,_a man of confidence is full of optimism throughout his life.‎ 总的来说，一个自信的人在一生中都会是乐观的。‎ ‎7．The_best_approach_to building up your body is to do exercise every day.‎ 增强体质的最佳方法就是每天进行体育锻炼。‎ ‎8．His fans represented_him_as a true hero.‎ 他的粉丝把他描绘成真正的英雄。‎ Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Yesterday, another student and I, 1.representing (represent) our university's student association, 2.went (go) to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students to Beijing University. After half 3.an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area 4.looking (look) around 5.curiously (curious)．‎ The first 6.to_arrive (arrive) was Tony Garcia from Colombia.Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her 7.on the cheek! She stepped back as if in 8.defence (defend). I guessed there was probably a misunderstanding.‎ ‎9．As I get to know more international friends, I've learned that people communicate with spoken language and they also express their feelings using unspoken “language”. In general, studying international customs can 10.certainly (certain) help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads.‎ Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达 有的人认为钱是幸福的唯一途径(approach)，因此他们急于(be curious to)挣得尽可能多的钱；有些人认为如果健康没有了，他们就有可能(be likely to)丢掉一切；还有人认为感到舒服最重要。我认为金钱不能代表(represent)幸福，舒服会使你丧失斗志。总之(in general)，我认为健康是十分重要的。‎ Some_believe_that_money_is_the_only_approach_to_being_happy,_so_they_are_curious_to_make_as_much_money_as_they_can._And_some_think_that_if_health_is_gone,_they_are_likely_to_lose_everything.Others_think_feeling_comfortable_is_the_most_important._I_think_money_can't_represent_happiness,_while_being_comfortable_will_take_away_your_ambition._In_general,_I_think_health_is_of_great_importance.‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 ‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks __1__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __2__ than we realize. In fact, nonverbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really __3__.And body language is particularly __4__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed, what is called body language is so __5__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of ‎ it.__6__， different societies treat the __7__ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having __8__ contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with __9__. People from Latin American countries, __10__， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in __11__， it may look like a Latino is __12__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving __13__. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep __14__ — which the Latino will in return regard as __15__.　‎ Clearly, a great deal is going on when people __16__.And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from __17__ cultures, there's a strong possibility of __18__. But whatever the situation is, the best __19__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __20__.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了肢体语言的作用，以及在不同文化里肢体语言的不同含义。通过学习本文我们可以了解文化的趣味性。‎ ‎1．A.straighter　　　　　　　　 　B．louder C．harder D．further 解析：选B　由首句“肢体语言是所有语言中沉默、秘密而又最有威力的语言！”可知，本句应表示“肢体语言比语言更有说服力”，所以本题选择louder。‎ ‎2．A.sounds B．invitations C．feelings D．messages ‎ 解析：选D　我们的肢体发出多于我们可以意识到的信息。身体发出的是message“信息”。sound泛指“自然界的一切声音”；invitation“邀请”；feeling“感情，感受”，均不符合句意。‎ ‎3．A.hope B．receive C．discover D．mean ‎ 解析：选D　事实上，非言语交际占据了我们真正意思的大约50%。mean“意思是，本意是”。‎ ‎4．A.immediate B．misleading C．important D．difficult 解析：选C　根据下文论述可知，当涉及跨文化交流时，肢体语言尤为重要，故选important“重要的”。immediate“立刻的”，表示动作的直接性和迅速性；misleading“误导的”；difficult“困难的”。‎ ‎5．A.well B．far C．much D．long 解析：选C　肢体语言几乎已经成为我们的组成部分，以致常常被忽视。此处实际上是对“so much a(n)＋名词”的用法的考查。四个选项中有此用法的只有much。‎ ‎6．A.For example B．Thus C．However D．In short 解析：选A　下文是举例，故选For example“例如”。thus“因此”；however“然而”；in short“简而言之”。‎ ‎7．A.trade B．distance C．connections D．greetings ‎ 解析：选B　不同的社会对于人们之间的距离有不同的认识。下文的北欧人和拉丁美洲人等的例子都与distance“距离”有关。‎ ‎8．A.eye B．verbal C．bodily D．telephone 解析：选C　北欧人通常不喜欢肢体的接触，故选bodily“身体的”，10空后面的“touch each other”是提示。‎ ‎9．A.strangers B．relatives C．neighbours D．enemies 解析：选A　北欧人不喜欢和朋友有肢体上的接触，更不用说陌生人了。enemies虽然与friends相对，但此处是说不同国度文化的差异，并不是敌我的分歧。‎ ‎10．A.in other words B．on the other hand ‎ C．in a similar way D．by all means 解析：选B　由上文可知，此处表示语意的转折，故选on the other hand“另一方面”，本句讲到拉丁美洲人喜欢肢体接触。in other words“换句话说”；in a similar way“用相似的方法”； by all means“当然可以”。‎ ‎11．A.trouble B．conversation C．silence D．experiment 解析：选B　trouble“麻烦”；conversation“谈话，交谈”；silence“寂静，沉默”；experiment“实验”。in conversation“在交谈中，在会话中”。‎ ‎12．A.disturbing B．helping C．guiding D．following 解析：选D　在交谈中，北欧人不喜欢肢体接触，拉丁美洲人喜欢肢体接触，所以我们看到的很可能是一个拉丁美洲人跟随一个挪威人移动，故选following“跟随”。‎ ‎13．A.closer B．faster C．in D．away 解析：选A　拉丁美洲人喜欢肢体接触，为了表示友好，会离挪威人越来越近，故选closer“更近地”。‎ ‎14．A.stepping forward B．going on C．backing away D．coming out 解析：选C　挪威人不喜欢肢体接触，会一直向后退，故选backing away“后退”。step forward“前进”；go on“继续”；come out“出版；发芽”。‎ ‎15．A.weakness B．carelessness C．friendliness D．coldness 解析：选D　挪威人的后退反过来会让拉丁美洲人觉得是冷漠。weakness“虚弱”；carelessness“粗心”；friendliness“友谊”；coldness“冷漠”。‎ ‎16．A.talk B．travel C．laugh D．think 解析：选A　选项中的talk“交谈”与第11空的“conversation”相呼应，且文章主要讲述交谈中的肢体语言。‎ ‎17．A.different B．European C．Latino D．rich 解析：选A　different“不同的”；European“欧洲的”；Latino“拉丁美洲的”；rich“富裕的”。different cultures“不同的文化”。‎ ‎18．A.curiosity B．excitement C．misunderstanding D．nervousness 解析：选C　当来自不同文化的人聚会时，很可能会出现误解，故选 misunderstanding“误会，误解”。curiosity“好奇心”；excitement“兴奋”；nervousness“紧张”。‎ ‎19．A.chance B．time ‎ C．result D．advice 解析：选D　此处是针对避免误解而提出建议，故选advice“建议”。chance“机会”；time“时间，次数，倍数”；result“结果”。‎ ‎20．A.noticed B．treated C．respected D．pleased 解析：选B　用你希望被别人对待你的方式去对待别人，B选项与前面的“treat others”相呼应，一个是主动形式，一个是被动形式(to be treated)。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 One day Rosa wrote to her friend, who was a doctor, invite him to have dinner with her families. A few days later the doctor wrote back to her but she couldn't read his writing because the letters were written careless. So she asked her husband for the help, but he couldn't read it, too. Then her husband got an idea. He told her that a chemist might be able read the doctor's letter. So the woman went to chemist's. The chemist in the shop studied the letter for a long time but he gave her a large bottle of medicine. He told the woman she will eat twelve pills a day. Finally Rosa still had no idea that her friend would come or not.‎ 答案：第一句：invite→inviting; families→family 第二句：careless→carelessly 第三句：去掉the; too→either 第五句：read前加to 第六句：chemist's前加a 第七句：but→and 第八句：will→would 第九句：that→whether Section_Ⅲ Grammar— 现在分词作状语 ‎ ‎ 语法图解 ‎ ‎ 探究发现 ‎① ...I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.‎ ‎②I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.‎ ‎③She stepped back appearing surprised ...‎ ‎④Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.‎ ‎⑤When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door ...‎ ‎⑥Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away.‎ ‎⑦The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.‎ ‎⑧Hearing the news, they jumped for joy.‎ ‎⑨Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是①②③④⑤；作时间状语的是⑥；作结果状 语的是⑦；作原因状语的是⑧⑨。‎ ‎(2)比较句⑧和⑨可知：句⑧中动词ing形式短语为一般式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生；句⑨中动词ing形式短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。‎ ‎(3)观察句①～⑨可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的主语。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。‎ ‎1．作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)。‎ Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.‎ ‎＝When/While (she was) walking in the park, she saw an old friend.‎ 当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。‎ ‎[名师点津]　当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。‎ ‎2．作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)‎ Being ill, he couldn't go to school.‎ ‎＝As he was ill, he couldn't go to school.‎ 因为生病了，他无法去上学。‎ ‎3．作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加if, unless等连词)‎ Working hard, you'll make great progress.‎ ‎＝If you work hard, you'll make great progress.‎ 如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。‎ ‎4．作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。‎ The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.(2017•天津高考)‎ 这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。‎ ‎[名师点津]　现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：‎ He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold.‎ 被雨淋后他感冒了。‎ I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.‎ 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。‎ ‎5．作让步、方式和伴随状语 现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。‎ Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.‎ ‎＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.‎ 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。‎ ‎[名师点津]　为强调动词ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when, while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before, after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。‎ Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.‎ 尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。‎ ‎[即时演练1] ‎ ‎(1)分析下列各句中现在分词作状语的类型 ‎①Hearing the news, they immediately set off for the station. 时间状语 ‎②Not knowing his address, I can't write to him.原因状语 ‎③The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.结果状语 ‎④Living miles away, he attended the lecture.让步状语 ‎⑤He lay in bed, reading a novel.伴随状语 ‎⑥Using a stick, the painter drew a picture on the ground in ten minutes.方式状语 ‎⑦Keeping on your feet, you will make yourself more tired.条件状语 ‎(2)补全句子 ‎①There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring_at_the_night_sky (凝视着夜空)．‎ ‎②Being_poor (因为穷), he can't afford a computer.‎ ‎③(2016•北京高考改编)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street, turning_the_old_town_into (把老城镇变成) a dreamland.‎ 二、现在分词作状语注意事项 ‎1．现在分词的时态 现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。‎ ‎(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。‎ Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.‎ 我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)‎ ‎(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。‎ Having finished the letter, he went to post it.‎ 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)‎ ‎[即时演练2]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①(2016•天津高考改编)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎②Having_worked (work) for three hours, he took a rest.‎ ‎③Having_lived (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well.‎ ‎④Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.‎ ‎⑤Seeing (see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.‎ ‎2．现在分词的语态 使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。‎ Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)‎ 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。‎ Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)‎ 完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。‎ ‎[即时演练3]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①Being_talked (talk) to, you should look into the eyes of the person.‎ ‎②Having_been_told (tell) for several times, he still couldn't understand the rules.‎ ‎③Having_received (receive) his reply, she rang him up.‎ ‎④Having_been_asked (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.‎ ‎3．动词ing形式的否定式：not＋v.ing; not having＋v.ed Not knowing this, he didn't come.‎ 他不知道这件事，所以没来。‎ Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.‎ 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。‎ ‎4．独立主格 动词ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。‎ The trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.‎ 那些树非常高，其中一些测量为90多米。‎ The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.‎ 由于天气好，我们去散步了。‎ ‎[即时演练4] ‎ ‎(1)补全句子 ‎①The_lecture_having_been_given (讲座结束后), a lively questionandanswer session followed.‎ ‎②Spring_coming_on (春天来了), the trees turned green.‎ ‎(2)用现在分词的独立主格结构改写下列句子 ‎①If weather permits, we shall go there on foot.‎ ‎→Weather_permitting,_we shall go there on foot.‎ ‎②After Mary came back, they discussed it together.‎ ‎→Mary_coming_back,_they discussed it together.‎ ‎5．现在分词作评注性状语 有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”， judging by/from ...“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。‎ Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.‎ 从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Having_selected (select) the proper present, they sent it to their respectable professor.‎ ‎2．Not knowing (know) what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back.‎ ‎3．Hearing (hear) the signal, people ran out of the building.‎ ‎4．Judging (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon.‎ ‎5．The decision_having_been_made (make), what is to be done now is how to carry it out.‎ ‎6．Working (work) harder at English, you'll make greater progress.‎ ‎7．When exploring the cave, they found a valuable mineral.‎ ‎8．It being (be) Sunday, many people go to the gymnasium to do physical exercises.‎ ‎9．Looking (look) out through the window, we saw a beautiful scenery.‎ ‎10．The case shocked the public, causing (cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet.‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．Personally_speaking,_I'm satisfied with your performance.‎ 就个人而言，我满意你的表现。‎ ‎2．The film star intended to leave quickly, only_to_be_surrounded_by_his_fans.‎ 这位影星想迅速离开，却被他的粉丝包围了。‎ ‎3．Football is played all over the world, making_it_a_popular_sport.‎ 全世界都踢足球，因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。‎ ‎4．There_being_no_customers,_they closed the store.‎ 因为没有顾客，他们关了店门。‎ ‎5．I stood by the door, not_daring_to_say_a_word.‎ 我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。‎ ‎6．Having_tried_many_times (＝Though he had tried many times), he still couldn't succeed.‎ 尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。‎ ‎7．Setting_off_earlier/If_setting_off_earlier (＝If you set off earlier), you'll get to the town at dusk.‎ 如果早点儿出发的话，你在傍晚的时候就会到达小镇。‎ ‎8．Having_apologized_to_his_teacher_for_his_rude_manner (＝After he had apologized to his teacher for his rude manner), he made a promise that he wouldn't make the same mistake.‎ 因自己的粗鲁行为而向老师道歉后，他许诺以后将不再犯同样的错误。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Hong Kong Ocean Park, __1__ (open) in 1977, is located on the south end of Hong Kong Island. It __2__ (cover) __3__ area of 69 hectares, __4__ (make) it the __5__ (large) ocean park in the world. The park has all __6__ (kind) of facilities, __7__ not only offer people a place __8__ (see) all kinds of living animals in the ocean but play many __9__ (excite) games as well. What __10__ (make) us more pleased is that Pandas Jiajia and Anan from the mainland are also living in the park. Therefore, Hong Kong Ocean Park is the most popular theme park in the world.‎ 答案：1.opened　2.covers　3.an　4.making　5.largest　6.kinds　7.which　8.to see　9.exciting　10.makes Section_Ⅳ Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language ‎ ‎ ‎[原文呈现]‎ SHOWING OUR FEELINGS Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language. People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud①. It is possible to “read” others around us, ②even if they do not intend for us to catch③ their unspoken④ communication. Of course, body language can be misread⑤， but many gestures and actions are universal.‎ The most universal facial⑥ expression is, of course, the smile — its function⑦ is ⑧to show happiness and put people at ease⑨. It does not always mean that we are truly⑩ happy, however.Smiles around the world can be false⑪， ⑫hiding other feelings like anger⑬， fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face⑭” and smiles to hide it. However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.‎ ‎[读文清障]‎ ‎①that引导的定语从句，修饰前面的三个先行词(feelings, wishes, attitudes)。‎ ‎②even if引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎③intend for sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事 ‎④unspoken/ʌn'spəʊkən/adj.未说出口的；非口语的 ‎⑤misread/ˌmIs'riːd/vt.(misread/mIs'red/, misread) 读错；误解 ‎⑥facial/'feIʃl/adj.面部的 ‎⑦function/'fʌŋkʃn/n.作用；功能；职能vi.起作用；运转 ‎⑧动词不定式短语to show happiness and put ...作表语。‎ ‎⑨at ease舒适；快活；自由自在 ease/iːz/n.安逸；舒适vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)‎ put sb. at ease使某人自由自在；使某人安心 ‎⑩truly/'truːlI/adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地 ‎⑪false/fɔːls/adj.错误的；假的(反义词true)‎ ‎⑫现在分词短语hiding ... or worry作结果状语。‎ ‎⑬anger/'æŋɡə/n.怒气；怒火　in anger生气地，愤怒地 ‎⑭lose face丢脸 save face保全面子 表达我们的情感 ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 身体语言是最强有力的交际手段之一，甚至经常比口头语言更有力量。世界各地的人们表达各种各样的情感、愿望和态度，而这些他们可能从来不会大声说出来。“读懂”我们周围的人(的心思)是有可能的，即使他们并不想让我们理解他们没有说出来的信息。当然，身体语言可能会被误读，但是很多手势和动作都具有普遍性。‎ 最普遍使用的面部表情当然是微笑，它的作用是表示快乐和安人心境。然而微笑并不总是意味着我们是真的快乐。世界上的微笑可能是假的，用来掩饰其他情绪，比如生气、害怕或担忧。还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人“丢了面子”时就会用微笑来掩饰。但是，微笑的一般目的就是表达好的情绪。‎ From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning⑮. In most ‎ places around the world, ⑯frowning and turning one's back to⑰ someone shows anger.Making a fist⑱ and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.‎ There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down⑲ is used for agreement almost worldwide.Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.‎ How about showing that⑳ I am bored? ○21Looking away from○22 people or yawning○23will, in most cases○24， make me appear to be uninterested.However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested.If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely○25do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.‎ ‎⑮frown/'fraʊn/vi.皱眉；蹙额 ‎⑯frowning and turning ...与making a fist and shaking it都是动名词短语在句中作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎⑰turn one's back to背对 ‎⑱fist/fIst/n.拳头 ‎⑲动名词短语nodding the head up and down在句中作主语。‎ ‎⑳How about (doing) sth.？(做)某事怎么样？该句式表示征询意见，或用于提出建议。相当于“What about (doing) sth.？”。‎ ‎○21动名词短语looking away from people作主语。‎ ‎○22look away from把目光从……移开，不看 ‎○23yawn/jɔːn/vi.打呵欠 ‎○24in most cases在大多数情况下，此处作状语。‎ ‎○25likely在此句中用作副词，修饰其后的动词。‎ ‎[第3～5段译文]‎ 从我们还是孩子的时候起，我们就通过皱眉来表示不高兴或者愤怒。在世界上大多数地方，皱眉和背对着某人都表示发怒。握紧拳头并朝着别人晃动几乎总是意味着愤怒并且威胁别人。‎ 世界上有很多方式用来表示同意，但是几乎全世界都用上下点头来表示同意。大多数人也知道左右摇头表示不同意或拒绝。‎ 如何来表示我很厌烦呢？在多数情况下，把目光从人们身上移开或者打个呵欠，会使我看上去(对此人或此事)不感兴趣。但是，如果我转身面向某人或者某物，几乎来自每一个文化背景的人都会认为我(对此人或此事)感兴趣。如果我转动眼球，把头扭向一边，很可能是我不相信或是不喜欢所听到的话。‎ Being respectful○26 to people is subjective○27， based on each culture○28， but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug○29 to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank○30.Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.‎ With so many cultural differences between people○31， it is great to have some similarities○32in body language.We can often be wrong about each other○33， so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do！‎ ‎○26respectful/rI'spektfl/adj.恭敬的 be respectful to sb.对某人尊重/恭敬 ‎○27subjective/səb'dʒektIv/adj.主观的 ‎○28过去分词短语based on each culture作状语。‎ ‎○29hug/hʌɡ/vi.& vt.拥抱n.拥抱 ‎○30rank/ræŋk/n.等级；军衔 ‎○31with复合结构，在句中作让步状语，其构成为：with ＋名词＋介词短语。‎ ‎○32similarity n．相似之处 ‎○33be wrong about sb. ＝be mistaken about sb.‎ ‎＝misunderstand sb.误解某人 ‎[第6～7段译文]‎ 根据每一种文化，对人们表示尊重都是带有主观性的。但是一般来说，拥抱你的老板或老师很可能是不妥当的。在几乎每一种文化里，站得离级别更高的人太近通常都不太好。站得有一定的距离，把手微微张开，会表示我愿意倾听。‎ 人们之间的文化差异非常多，但好在身体语言有一些相似之处。尽管我们常常会彼此误解，但我们仍能做到彼此理解，这真是件令人惊奇的事！‎ ‎ ‎ Step 1　Divide the text into three parts and match the main idea with each part.‎ ‎1．Part 1(Para.1)　　　　A．Examples of some body language.‎ ‎2．Part 2 (Paras.2～6) B．There are differences in body language, and it's important for us to know them.‎ ‎3．Part 3(Para.7) C．Body language is sometimes more important than spoken language.‎ ‎1～3　________________‎ 答案：1～3　CAB Step 2　Choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．Which of the following about body language is TRUE?‎ A．It is more important than spoken language.‎ B．It is as important as spoken language.‎ C．It is not as important as spoken language.‎ D．It is less important than spoken language.‎ ‎2．Why may a person smile if he loses face?‎ A．To show his anger.‎ B．To hide his embarrassment.‎ C．To threaten others.‎ D．To laugh at others.‎ ‎3．If you are not interested in others' talking, you may ________.‎ A．look away from him or yawn B．turn toward and look at something C．fix your attention on the speaker D．stand at a little distance with open hands ‎4．Suppose you are a teacher in America, you'll tell your students to ________ when others are talking.‎ A．avoid looking at others directly B．look directly at others C．glance at others D．look down at others ‎5．We can infer from the text that ________.‎ A．we can communicate successfully with others using body language B．people from different countries will not misunderstand each other using body language C．we should try to learn more about other countries' customs D．all around the world, people express the same ideas using the same body language 答案：1～5　BBABC ‎ 　‎ 一、这样记单词 记得准•写得对 记得快•记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.function n．　　作用；功能；职能 vi. 起作用；运转 ‎2.ease n. 安逸；舒适 vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)‎ ‎3.false adj. 错误的；假的 ‎4.fist n. 拳头 ‎5.yawn vi. 打呵欠 ‎6.subjective adj. 主观的 ‎7.hug vi.& vt. 拥抱 ‎8.rank n. 等级；军衔 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.facial adj.面部的→face n．面部；脸 ‎2.truly adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地→true adj.真实的；真正的 ‎3.anger n．怒气；怒火→angry adj.生气的；恼火的 ‎4.respectful adj.恭敬的→respect vi.& n．尊敬；恭敬 1.function n．作用；功能；职能v. 起作用；运转 ‎[词块]　①the function of the heart　　　心脏的功能 ‎②immunity function 免疫功能 ‎③leading function 主要职责 ‎[同义]　①work v. 起作用 ‎②perform v. 运行 ‎③operate v. 起作用 ‎2.subjective adj.主观的 ‎[记法]　subject (支配) ＋ive(形容词后缀)→在主体的控制之下的→主观的 ‎[反义]　objective adj. 客观的 ‎3.rank n．等级；军衔 ‎[词块]　①rank second 排列第二 ‎②people of all ranks 各阶层人士 ‎③first rank 一流 ‎④junior/high rank 初/高级 ‎4.facial adj.面部的 ‎[记法]　fac(e)(面)＋ial(形容词后缀)→面部的 ‎[联想]　①racial adj. 种族的 ‎②social adj. 社会的 ‎③official adj. 官方的，正式的 ‎④special adj. 特别的，专门的 ‎ ‎ 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.up_and_down　　　上上下下；来来回回 ‎2．at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 ‎3．lose_face 丢脸 ‎4．turn_one's_back_to 背对；背弃 ‎5．nod_the_head 点点头 ‎6．shake_the_head 摇头 ‎7．look_away_from_... 把目光从……上移开；不看 ‎8．in_most_cases 在大多数情况下 ‎9．be_respectful_to_sb. 对某人尊重/尊敬 ‎10．give_a_hug_to_sb. 拥抱某人 1.graduate from university　 　大学毕业 ‎2．catch their unspoken communication ‎ 理解他们没说出来的信息 ‎3．put people at ease 使人自由自在；使人安心 ‎4．show good feelings 表达好的情绪 ‎5．make a fist 握紧拳头 ‎6．roll one's eyes 转动眼球 ‎7．someone of a higher rank 级别较高的人 ‎8．be willing to listen 乐意倾听 ‎9．stand at a little distance 站得稍远点 ‎10．facial expressions 面部表情 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.It is possible to “read” others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.‎ ‎“读懂”我们周围的人(的心思)是有可能的，即使他们并不想让我们理解他们没有说出来的信息。 even if“即使”，引导让步状语从句。 He said he would finish his composition even_if_he_had_to_stay_up_all_night.‎ 他说他即使整晚不睡觉也一定要把他的文章写完。‎ ‎2.How about showing that I am bored？‎ 如何来表示我很厌烦呢？ how about doing sth.？“做某事怎么样？” How_about_going_to the Great Wall this Sunday？‎ 我们本周日去长城游玩怎么样？‎ ‎3.... so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do！‎ ‎……但我们仍能做到彼此理解，这真是件令人惊奇的事！ it用作形式主语，指代that从句。 It_appears_that Tom might change his mind.‎ 好像汤姆会改变主意。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．(教材P30)The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile — its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.‎ 最普遍使用的面部表情当然是微笑，它的作用是表示快乐和安人心境。‎ function ‎ ‎(1)n.作用；(事物的)功能；职能；机能 ‎①Our English teacher didn't explain its grammatical function.‎ 我们的英语老师没有解释它的语法功能。‎ ‎②In your new job, you will be expected to perform many different functions (function)．‎ 在新的工作岗位上，你可要履行许多不同的职责。‎ ‎(2)vi.运转；起作用 function as　　　　　　　起……作用；具有……功能 ‎③The machine doesn't function.‎ 那台机器不运行了。‎ ‎④Some English adjectives function as nouns.‎ 英语中有些形容词可作名词用。‎ ‎2．at ease舒适；快活；自由自在 be/feel at (one's) ease　　　 感到舒适；无忧无虑 put/set sb. at (one's) ease 使某人感到舒适、不拘束 with ease 容易地 take one's ease 休息；轻松一下 ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的疼痛 ‎①The old couple are now quite at ease, as their son lives a happy life.‎ 由于他们的儿子过着幸福的生活，这对老夫妻现在可安心了。‎ ‎②Only in my home do I feel at ease.‎ 只有在家里我才觉得自在。‎ ‎③Take_your_ease,_for the journey ahead will be long.‎ 好好休息一下，前面的路程还很长。‎ ‎④Now he can set his mind at ease because he has passed the examination with ease.‎ 现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。‎ ‎3．(教材P30)Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.‎ 世界上的微笑可能是假的，用来掩饰其他情绪，比如生气、害怕或担忧。‎ anger n．怒气；怒火vt.使发怒；激怒 ‎(1)in/with anger　　　　　　　 愤怒地；生气地 ‎(2)angry adj. 生气的；发怒的 be angry with sb. for ... 因……生某人的气 be angry at/about sth. 因某事而生气 ‎(3)angrily adv. 生气地 ‎①The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger.(2017•天津高考)‎ 最尴尬的电子邮件错误通常会使人生气。‎ ‎②She was angry with him for saying so.‎ 她因他这样说而生他的气。‎ ‎③He glared angrily (angry) at her but didn't say a word.‎ 他生气地瞪着她，但没说一句话。‎ ‎4．(教材P30)There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it.‎ 还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人“丢了面子”时就会用微笑来掩饰。‎ lose face 丢脸；丢面子 ‎(1)make a face/faces　　　　　 做鬼脸 save face 保全面子；有脸面 in the face of 面对……；在……面前 to sb.'s face 当着某人的面 face to face 面对面；相对 ‎(2)face up to 正视；勇敢面对 be faced with 面对……；面临……‎ ‎①Don't be afraid to lose face; making mistakes is possible and common.‎ 不要害怕丢面子，犯错误是难免的而且是普遍现象。‎ ‎②He didn't admit his mistakes in order to save_face in public.‎ 为了在公众场合下保全面子他不承认错误。‎ ‎③We should keep calm in_the_face_of danger.‎ 面对危险我们应该保持镇静。‎ ‎④Faced_with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.‎ 面临着如此多的麻烦，我们没能按时完成任务。‎ ‎[语境串记]　Yesterday, Jim took Tom's pen, as a result, the pen was recognized by Tom.In the face of his classmates, Jim thought he lost face. In order to save his face, he decided to talk with Tom face to face. However, Tom asked him to apologize to the whole class's face.‎ 昨天，吉姆拿了汤姆的钢笔，结果，钢笔被汤姆认出来了。面对同学，吉姆觉得丢脸。为了挽回面子，他决定当面与汤姆谈谈，但是，汤姆让他当着全班同学的面道歉。‎ ‎[联想发散]　由lose构成的短语还有：‎ ‎①lose sight of　　　　　　　 看不见；忘记；忽略 ‎②lose touch with 和……失去联系 ‎③lose heart 灰心；丧气 ‎④lose weight 减肥；减轻体重 ‎5．(教材P30)In most places around the world, frowning and turning one's back to someone shows anger.‎ 在世界上大多数地方，皱眉和背对着某人都表示发怒。‎ turn one's back to 背对；背弃；对……置之不理 turn down　　　　　　　 拒绝；调低音量 turn up 出现；到场；调大音量 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn out 结果；证明是 ‎①When you speak to someone, don't turn your back to him.‎ 当你跟别人谈话时，不要背对着他。‎ ‎②I don't understand why John turned_down Mary's kind offer.‎ 我不明白约翰为什么拒绝玛丽善意的帮助。‎ ‎③I can't hear the radio very well. Could you turn it up a bit?‎ 收音机我听不太清楚。你把声音开大点行吗？‎ ‎[联想发散]　类似turn one's back to ...的构成及意义，其他有关的短语还有：‎ ‎①turn a deaf ear to ...　　 对……充耳不闻/置若罔闻 ‎②turn one's nose up at ... 瞧不起；轻视；鄙视 ‎③turn a blind eye to ... 对……闭目不看/视而不见 ‎④turn one's back on 拒绝；不理睬 ‎6．(教材P30)There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide.‎ 世界上有很多方式用来表示同意，但是几乎全世界都用上下点头来表示同意。‎ up and down 上上下下；来回地 in and out　　　　　　　 进进出出 day and night 日日夜夜 here and there 处处；到处 now and then 不时地；偶尔 sooner or later 迟早 more or less 或多或少 ‎①The monkey was jumping up and down.‎ 那只猴子上蹿下跳。‎ ‎②I've more_or_less finished reading the book.‎ 我差不多已经把这本书全看完了。‎ ‎③We searched here_and_there,_but could not find her.‎ 我们到处找她，但还是找不到。‎ ‎ ‎ It is possible to “read” others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.‎ ‎“读懂”我们周围的人(的心思)是有可能的，即使他们并不想让我们理解他们没有说出来的信息。‎ ‎(1)本句是一个主从复合句，其中even if用来引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使”，相当于even though。若主句与从句皆表示将来的情况，even if/though引导的从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时。‎ ‎①We have decided to visit the museum even if/though it rains tomorrow.‎ 即使明天下雨，我们也决定去参观博物馆。‎ ‎②They will stand by you even_if/though_you_don't_succeed.‎ 即使你不会成功，他们也会支持你的。‎ ‎(2)让步状语从句引导词的归纳 ‎(1)常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though, whever类词， no matter＋wh类词 ‎(2)特殊引导词：as(从句必须倒装)，while(一般用在句首)‎ ‎③No_matter_how/However they slander us, we will never give in.‎ 不管他们怎样诽谤我们，我们决不让步。‎ ‎④Hard as/though_he_studies,_he makes little progress.‎ 尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。‎ ‎⑤While these icons have different shapes, they are of similar size and color.‎ 虽然这些图标的形状不同，但是它们的大小和颜色很相似。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．With our work done, we felt much at ease.‎ ‎2．He looked at her up and down and decided to invite her for a drink.‎ ‎3．This sofa can also function as a bed.‎ ‎4．Don't turn a deaf ear to your parents' advice.‎ ‎5．They showed great courage in the face of difficulty.‎ ‎6．There is nothing left inside — no words, no anger (angry), no tears.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．His words eased_me_of my anxiety.‎ 他的话减轻了我的忧虑。‎ ‎2．To know the truth, you'd better have a talk with him face_to_face.‎ 要知道真相，你最好跟他面对面地谈一谈。‎ ‎3．People may have different body languages even_if they live in the same country.‎ 即使在同一个国家，人们也可能会有不同的身体语言。‎ ‎4．She did not turn_her_back_to her friends when they needed help.‎ 朋友们需要她帮助的时候，她从不拒绝。‎ ‎5．Although the electricity was cut off, the hospital continued to function_normally.‎ 虽然电源被切断了，但是医院继续正常运转。‎ ‎6．My mother cared for me day_and_night when I was sick.‎ 我生病时，我妈妈日日夜夜照顾我。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 ‎ ‎[本课语言点针对练习]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The machine will not function (运转) properly if it is not kept well oiled.‎ ‎2．Jim came up and gave me a big hug (拥抱) as soon as he saw me.‎ ‎3．Local residents have reacted angrily (生气地) to the news.‎ ‎4．His opinion represents (代表) that of the majority.‎ ‎5．Try to avoid being subjective (主观的) and onesided when looking at problems.‎ ‎6．From her facial (面部的) expression, I knew that she was very shy.‎ ‎7．He said that he would go to the bookshop to buy some cassettes (磁带)．‎ ‎8．As you approach (接近) the school, the first building you see is the teaching building.‎ ‎9．He is fluent in spoken (口语的) English, but is not good at written English.‎ ‎10．There were calls for major (主要的) changes to the system.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．John's careless work made him lose the face with his employer.去掉the ‎2．Her mother has a gift for putting us in ease.in→at ‎3．More than 50% of the students in China are shortsighted, ranked the first in the world.ranked→ranking ‎4．She turned her back from him when he explained the reason for his absence at the party.from→to ‎5. She was angry because her son made her lose her face that night.去掉第二个her Ⅲ.选词填空 up and down， at ease， lose face， turn one's back to， look away from， watch out， be wrong about， take action， keep away from， be respectful to ‎ ‎1．If you can't answer this simple question, you'll lose_face.‎ ‎2．It is good manners to be_respectful_to the old.‎ ‎3．I once looked down upon her, so she turned_her_back_to me.‎ ‎4．We should persuade the kids to keep_away_from violent computer games.‎ ‎5．I am a little upset. Give me a cup of tea to put me at_ease.‎ ‎6．Jane looks_away_from me, as if I were a stranger.‎ ‎7．We should take_action to protect the cultural relics before it is too late.‎ ‎8．Watch_out for the dog in case it should bite you.‎ ‎9．The poor girl wandered up_and_down in the street, not knowing where to go.‎ ‎10．The facts proved that we were_wrong_about him, so we all apologized to him.‎ ‎[本单元语言点温故练习]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．His method presents a new approach to foreign languages.‎ ‎2．He defended me from/against a drunken man.‎ ‎3．The mother reached out her hands to her little son.‎ ‎4．I nodded at him as I passed his office.‎ ‎5．The importance of his ideas is that they represent the unspoken (spoken) opinion of the silent majority.‎ ‎6．The children in our family are always respectful (respect) to their elders.‎ ‎7．Humour is a more effective defence (defend) than violence.‎ ‎8．It is likely (like) that he will do the job well.‎ ‎9．The fans greeted the film star with loud applause.‎ ‎10．It was curious that he failed to win the race.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．Even_if/though_what_they_said_is_right,_the debate will not be over.‎ 即使他们说的是对的，这场辩论也不会结束。‎ ‎2．I disagree with what he said just now in_general.‎ 总的来说，我不同意他刚刚说的话。‎ ‎3．He is always the_first_to_come and the_last_to_leave.‎ 他总是第一个到达，最后一个离开。‎ ‎4．The naughty boy often makes_faces_in_class,_which makes his teacher angry.‎ 那个调皮的男孩经常在课堂上做鬼脸，这使他的老师非常生气。‎ ‎5．He said he was a doctor, but later he turned_out_to_be a cheat.‎ 他自称是个医生，结果证明他是个骗子。‎ ‎6．I am_curious_to_know what they are talking about.‎ 我很想知道他们在谈论什么。‎ ‎7．All_my_friends do not know English.‎ 我的朋友并不是都懂英语。‎ ‎8．When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling_me_stories till I fell asleep.‎ 我小时候，妈妈常常坐在我的床边给我讲故事，直到我睡着。‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 Forget calling the front desk. If you're a guest at an Affinia hotel, the staff (员工) will try to find out what you need just by looking at you.‎ The Affinia Hotel Collection is improving service in its five hotels in New York City and one each in Chicago and Washington, D．C. Everyone from housekeeping to management will communicate with guests based on body language.‎ A body language expert trained employees on what cues (信号) to look for. A guest who makes eye contact (接触) while walking down the hall, for example, may be open to conversation. A businessman frequently touching an ear is probably nervous and may be interested in a therapeutic pillow (理疗枕头)．‎ ‎“So many companies, when they talk about service, they program it to how many rings till you answer the phone，” says John Moser, marketing officer for Affinia. “That doesn't sound very reasonable. Let's give employees some tools they can use to find out what's the right way to talk with somebody at a particular time.”‎ Patti Wood, a body language expert who carried out the Affinia training, says she has never seen such training given to all hotel employees. “All of the training is to make sure every single guest is treated as special，” she says.‎ Staff questions about a guest's day won't disappear, Moser says. But, he says, small talk isn't always enough to get a reading of a guest's needs: “You can't always tell from the first sentence whether someone is happy or unhappy，” he says. “Measuring some of the things they're showing, with the way they're talking to you, can help our employees provide a service that's more personal for them.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。为了提供更好的服务，Affinia连锁酒店培训员工识别客人的肢体语言。‎ ‎1．What are Affinia hotels doing?‎ A．Understanding their employees better.‎ B．Setting up new hotels in different cities.‎ C．Improving their employees' body language.‎ D．Training employees to understand guests' needs better.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段末的“Everyone from housekeeping to management will communicate with guests based on body language.”及第三段开头的“A body language expert trained employees on what cues (信号) to look for.”可知，Affinia连锁酒店培训其员工识别客人的肢体语言，以便更好地与其交流。‎ ‎2．What should a hotel employee do if a guest looks into his or her eye?‎ A．Offer a pillow.‎ B．Make small talk.‎ C．Avoid speaking to the guest.‎ D．Be open to the guest's suggestions.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A guest who makes eye contact (接触) while walking down the hall, for example, may be open to conversation.”可知，如果一名客人与酒店服务人员进行眼神接触，说明该客人有交流的意愿。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A．The company.　　　　 　B．The service.‎ C．The phone. D．The hotel.‎ 解析：选B　代词指代题。画线词所在句的意思是：有些公司根据电话铃响几次之后员工才接起电话来设定服务的水准。“it”指代的是服务。‎ ‎4．What does Patti Wood think of Affinia's training?‎ A．It is completely new.‎ B．It makes employees feel special.‎ C．It will take the place of staff questions.‎ D．It is following some other companies' example.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“she has never seen such training given to all hotel employees”可知，Patti Wood认为这种培训是一种全新的尝试。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 Although it could not compete with the speed of email today, the 1800's experienced a revolution in communication that played an important role in creating the tradition of the Christmas greeting card.__1__ (help) by the new railway system, the public postal service made corresponding a popular past time.In England, Sir Henry Cole recognized the advantage of __2__ more efficient mail service and initiated (开始) the practice of sending Christmas greeting cards __3__ friends.‎ The first card __4__ (design) by J. C. Horsley as a commercial endeavor. One thousand copies were sold in London, __5__ soon others followed suit. An English __6__ (art), William Egley, produced a popular card in 1849. Louis Prang, a German born printer, working from __7__ shop in Massachusetts, printed his first American cards in 1875. Even more __8__ (importance) than his printing was the fact __9__ he did more than anyone else to popularize the cards by instituting nationwide contests for the best Christmas designs, __10__ were awarded cash prizes.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍圣诞卡的由来及在沟通方面所起的重要作用。‎ ‎1．Helped　因help与公共邮政服务之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。‎ ‎2．a　指一种更高效的邮政服务，表示“一种”用不定冠词a。‎ ‎3．to　句式搭配send sth. to sb.表示“给某人送某物”。‎ ‎4．was designed　在句中作谓语表示被动，且用一般过去时。‎ ‎5．and　用连词and连接两个并列句。‎ ‎6．artist　从后面的同位语William Egley可知这里填与art有关的人，即artist。‎ ‎7．his　从后面的his first American cards可知是他的商店。‎ ‎8．important　这是一个倒装句，主语是the fact，空格要求填的词在句中作表语，故用形容词。‎ ‎9．that　引导同位语从句，说明the fact的具体内容，本身无实际意义，也不作成分，但一般不省略。‎ ‎10．which　引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词designs。‎ Section_Ⅴ Writing—关注信 ‎ ‎ 关注信(letter of concern)属于应用文的范畴。关注信是作者就某一个问题或一些现象，表达自己对事件的关心，并提出自己的一些看法和解决办法。‎ 一、基本结构 开头：简单介绍写信的缘由。‎ 主体：针对对方问题(如生病等)进行有针对性的鼓励和安慰，并适当提出自己的建议。注意语气一定要委婉，能体现出自己对对方的关切之情。‎ 结尾：简单的希望或祝福。‎ 二、增分佳句 ‎1．开头常用语：‎ ‎①I'm shocked/awfully sorry to hear that ...‎ ‎②It was a great shock to hear that ...‎ ‎③It broke my heart to hear that ...‎ ‎④I just can't tell you how sad I was when I heard that ...‎ ‎⑤I can't tell you how sorry I felt when I heard that ...‎ ‎⑥I am writing to express my deep sympathy/care for you.‎ ‎2．主体常用语：‎ ‎①I understand how you feel now.‎ ‎②I know the way you feel very well.‎ ‎③You'll always have a support in me.‎ ‎④It's true that attitude decides everything.So you should never give up no matter what happens.‎ ‎⑤Please let me know if there is anything I can do.‎ ‎⑥If I can be of any help, please don't hesitate to let me know.‎ ‎3．结尾常用语：‎ ‎①I'm looking forward to ...‎ ‎②I hope our caring will help to comfort you.‎ ‎③I hope that time will take away the sorrow of your recent loss.‎ ‎④Remember that my heart and my thoughts are with you.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[题目要求]‎ 为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEARTTOHEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie，收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。‎ 内容要点如下：‎ ‎1．表示理解并给予安慰；‎ ‎2．提出建议并说明理由。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．信的开头与结尾已为你拟好。‎ 参考词汇：temper n．脾气，情绪 Hi Worried，‎ I'm sorry to know that you're having such a bad time at the moment.　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours，‎ Jamie 第一步：审题构思很关键 一、审题 ‎1．确定体裁：本文为表达关注建议信；‎ ‎2．确定人称：本文以第二人称为主；‎ ‎3．确定时态：本文主要时态为一般现在时。‎ 二、构思 第一段(表示理解并给予安慰)：很遗憾听说对方有此问题，并指出每个人都可能遇到这样的问题，所以让对方不必担心，但要学会控制自己的脾气。‎ 第二段(提出建议)：与信任的人进行交流，告诉别人你的困扰，释放自己的压力；多参加各种户外活动，多和朋友玩球类运动；保持乐观的心态。‎ 第三段(提出希望)：希望建议能够起到作用或对方的问题得到解决。‎ 第二步：核心词汇想周全 ‎1．period/stage　　　　　　　 　 阶段，时期 ‎2．go_wrong 变坏 ‎3．unnecessary 不需要 ‎4．selfcontrol 自控 ‎5．avoid/prevent 避免 ‎6．share_..._with 与……分享 ‎7．remove_negative_emotions 驱除消极情绪 ‎8．effective 有效果的 ‎9．keep_an_optimistic_attitude 保持乐观态度 ‎10．be_of_benefit 有益的 ‎11．lift_one's_spirits 振作精神 ‎12．get_rid_of/do_away_with 去掉 第三步：由词扩句雏形现 ‎1．每个人都会有这么一段时间，一切好像都变得非常糟糕。(when引导定语从句)‎ Everyone_will_have_one_of_those_periods_when_everything_seems_to_be_going_wrong.‎ ‎2．没有必要担忧。(it作形式主语)‎ It_is_unnecessary_to_be_worried.‎ ‎3．你应学会自控，这会帮你避免去说或做你将后悔的事。(that引导定语从句)‎ You_should_learn_selfcontrol_and_it_can_help_avoid_saying_and_doing_something_that_you'll_regret.‎ ‎4．与老师和朋友分享心情是个不错的选择，因为这样做可以消除你的消极情绪。(it作形式主语，as引导原因状语从句)‎ It_is_a_good_choice_to_share_your_feelings_with_your_friends_and_teachers_as_you_can_remove_your_negative_emotions_by_doing_so.‎ ‎5．你应当多锻炼身体，这可让你振作精神。(which引导非限制性定语从句)‎ You_should_take_more_physical_exercise,_which_can_lift_your_spirits.‎ ‎6．保持乐观的生活态度，你将享受生活给你的快乐。‎ If_you_keep_an_optimistic_attitude_towards_life,_you_will_enjoy_the_pleasure_life_has_brought_to_you.‎ ‎7．希望我的建议对你有益。‎ I_hope_my_suggestion_will_be_of_benefit_to_you.‎ ‎8．祝你很快消除烦恼。‎ May_you_get_rid_of_your_trouble_soon.‎ 第四步：句式升级造亮点 ‎1．用which引导非限制性定语从句改写句3‎ You_should_learn_selfcontrol,_which_can_help_avoid_saying_and_doing_something_that_you'll_regret.‎ ‎2．用动名词作主语改写句4‎ Sharing_your_feelings_with_your_friends_and_teachers_is_a_good_choice_as_you_can_remove_your_negative_emotions_by_doing_so.‎ ‎3．用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”改写句6‎ Keep_an_optimistic_attitude_towards_life_and_you_will_enjoy_the_pleasure_life_has_brought_to_you.‎ 第五步：过渡衔接联成篇 Hi Worried，‎ I'm sorry to know that you're having such a bad time at the moment. Actually, everyone will have one of those periods when everything seems to be going wrong. Therefore, it is unnecessary to be worried. You should learn selfcontrol, which can help avoid saying and doing something that you'll regret. The following are three suggestions.‎ To begin with, sharing your feelings with your friends and teachers is a good choice as you can remove your negative emotions by doing so. Another effective suggestion is that you should take more physical exercise, which can lift your spirits. Last but not least, keep an optimistic attitude towards life and you will enjoy the pleasure life has brought to you.‎ I hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you. May you get rid of your trouble soon.‎ Yours，‎ Jamie The other day, Li Hua turned his back to me when I wanted to greet him, which made me angry. I dashed into the classroom and made a statement that I would treat him in the same way. But soon I got to know that I had misunderstood him.‎ With the midterm exam approaching, Li Hua worked even harder so as not to lose face before the whole class. He was always curious about the unknown world. It was likely that he ignored me because he was lost in thought. I thought he would burst into anger at my words, but on the contrary, he didn't defend himself against my statement.‎ In general, it was my fault to misunderstand him. I apologized to him and then we ‎ both felt at ease. Now we are studying in association with each other and often exchange approaches to learning English. We are likely to pass the exam with ease.‎ 前几天，当我想要跟李华打招呼时，他却转过身背对着我，让我很生气。我猛冲进教室，发表了一个声明，我要以同样的方式对待他。但是很快我就知道我误解了他。‎ 随着期中考试的临近，为了不在全班同学面前丢脸，李华学习更加努力了。他总是对未知的领域感到好奇。很可能是因为他陷入了沉思，他才忽视了我的。我以为听到我的声明他会发火的，可是恰恰相反，他并没有为自己辩护。‎ 总的来说，误解他是我的过错。我向他道了歉，我们都感到心情放松了。现在，我们彼此之间正合作学习，经常交流学习英语的方法。我们会轻松地通过这次考试。‎ ‎ ‎ 加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练 Ⅰ.完形填空 It may be difficult to understand nonverbal messages because different cultures have different expectations about eye contact, physical __1__， etc.‎ Let's consider eye contact. Children from many Latin American and Asian __2__ show respect by avoiding the glance of important persons. A teacher who's __3__ with this, however, might consider the lack of eye contact as a sign of __4__. For many American Indian children, __5__ a teacher in the eye and answering her question in front of the class is “showing off”．‎ Culture greatly __6__ attitudes towards physical contact, whether it's a handshake, hug, or pat on the back. In Asia, female friends __7__ hold hands and men casually (随便地) hug one another as they walk down the street.Americans, however, may feel __8__ with such public behavior. In some Asian cultures, affectionately patting a(n) __9__ head is strictly taboo (禁忌的), __10__ it can be acceptable behavior between adults and young children.‎ How __11__ should people stand to each other when they're having a conversation? In areas of the Middle East and South America, people stand very close when __12__.Europeans like to have __13__ distance between them, while some Africans __14__ even more space. You can __15__ great discomfort by standing too close to another person. Not being __16__ of this can even prevent someone from understanding or __17__ the ideas you're trying to get across.‎ To create a positive environment for communication, your nonverbal message must closely __18__ your verbal message. One way to do this is to carefully observe how children and families speak and __19__ around each other and with people they respect. This can __20__ clues about the true meaning of their nonverbal interactions.‎ 语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文，讲述了不同的文化对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。另外，不同的文化对人与人之间站立距离远近的理解也有所不同。所以，要想真正了解一种文化，一定不要忽视无声语言所传达的信息。‎ ‎1．A.exercise　　　　　　　　 　B．touch C．education D．strength 解析：选B　physical touch意为“身体接触”。第6空后的“physical contact”‎ 亦是提示。‎ ‎2．A.schools B．villages C．homelands D．cultures 解析：选D　第一段已提到不同文化(different cultures)中人们对视线接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。此处举例说明，故此空填“文化”一词。‎ ‎3．A.uncertain B．angry C．unfamiliar D．popular 解析：选C　在拉美和亚洲文化中，小孩回避他人的视线是对其尊敬的表现。而对此不了解的老师会误以为这是缺乏尊重。be unfamiliar with意为“对……不熟悉”。‎ ‎4．A.disrespect B．idea C．danger D．disappointment 解析：选A　此空前的however说明此句与前一句之间是转折关系。既然前一句说是“show respect”，此处应当是“a sign of disrespect”。‎ ‎5．A.seeing B．staring at C．looking D．glancing at 解析：选C　look sb.in the eye意为“直视某人”。‎ ‎6．A.influences B．supports C．observes D．reduces 解析：选A　在文章首段中说“不同的文化对视线接触、身体接触等有不同的期待”，然后在第二段讲视线接触在不同文化中的不同理解，故此段则是讲physical contact在不同文化中的影响，即“文化极大地影响到人们对身体接触的态度”。‎ ‎7．A.never B．often C．seldom D．sometimes 解析：选B　由于男性之间可以随意地拥抱一下，故可推测女性朋友之间手拉手是常事。‎ ‎8．A.pleased B．comfortable C．mad D．uncomfortable 解析：选D　由该句的however可知，在亚洲文化中很自然的行为，在美国文化中却令人感到不舒服。‎ ‎9．A.child's B．baby's C．adult's D．man's 解析：选C　在一些亚洲文化中，摸成人的头是严格禁止的，但是成人和小孩之间摸头是可以接受的。‎ ‎10．A.because B．although C．unless D．if 解析：选B　前后之间是让步关系，故用although。‎ ‎11．A.far B．closely C．properly D．close 解析：选D　从本段的“people stand very close，distance, standing too close”等可知，本段是谈人与人之间站立时相隔的距离。‎ ‎12．A.talking B．eating C．waiting D．listening 解析：选A　此处“when talking”与前一句的“when they're having a conversation”意思一样。‎ ‎13．A.more B．less C．no D．little 解析：选A　来自中东和南美的人谈话时站得很近，而欧洲人需要的心理距离要更大一些。‎ ‎14．A.hate B．prefer C．wish D．dream 解析：选B　该句中的while表示对比。非洲人需要的心理距离更远。‎ ‎15．A.change B．expect C．create D．accept 解析：选C　双方谈话时，站得太近，超过可接受的心理距离，人就会感到极不舒服。create“引起；造成”。‎ ‎16．A.afraid B．ashamed C．proud D．aware 解析：选D　对谈话时的心理距离要清楚，否则会造成麻烦。be aware of意为“意识到，知道”，符合语境。be afraid of“害怕”；be ashamed of“以……为羞愧”；be proud of“以……为豪”，均不符合语境。‎ ‎17．A.suggesting B．considering C．refusing D．accepting 解析：选D　此空前的or表示选择关系，说明此空的内容与前面的understanding意思相近。意识不到人们交流时默认的心理距离甚至会阻碍他人理解或接受你试图传达的意思。‎ ‎18．A.pass B．explain C．match D．prepare 解析：选C　非语言信息与语言信息要相配(match)、要一致。‎ ‎19．A.talk B．behave C．use D．look 解析：选B　这些文化差异可通过观察小孩和家人间的谈话及举止方式(behave)来了解。‎ ‎20．A.provide B．support C．prove D．search 解析：选A　这样就可为你真正理解他们的非语言交流提供(provide)线索。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 In March 2008, I told my friends: I was going to shut down my law practice and travel around the world in a year. What's more, I'd do it without taking any flights or making a single advance (预先的) reservation. Some friends offered support and encouragement, while others were doubtful.Once I'd said the words, there was no turning back. It took months to shut down my law practice and get things in order.‎ There really wasn't any great reason why I wanted to circle the world. I simply wanted to do something fun and different. When I had this plan, I didn't plan for it to lead to a life on the road forever. I was planning to come back, open a new law practice and write a hugely successful book about my travels. Before I left, I started a travel blog, which served as a way to take notes for the book.‎ Once I set off on my trip in December 2008, I found that travelling without using planes was not easy. It took seven days and nights on trains to get from Moscow to ‎ Beijing. Sometimes, I wouldn't see a village or a human being for 10 hours. I had a whole cabin to myself from the second day of that journey.‎ It turned out that travelling with no reservations was far less difficult than I had imagined. Pulling into a city on a bus with a bag, looking in a guidebook for a few suggestions of accommodations (住宿), and then finding an empty room was never a problem.‎ Soon after I started this adventure, I realised that my return to the US would be temporary (暂时的). About three months into my journey, I realised that I didn't want to go back to my old life. The world is so wonderful and I wanted to see as much of it as I could.‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者关掉律师事务所开始全球旅行，从此被世界上的美丽风景所吸引。‎ ‎1．What's the author's friends' attitude to his new plan?‎ A．Dissatisfied. B．Supportive.‎ C．Uncaring. D．Divided.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some friends offered support and encouragement, while others were doubtful.”可知，作者的朋友对他环球旅行的决定持不同意见。‎ ‎2．Why did the author want to circle the world?‎ A．He lost interest in law.‎ B．He followed a friend's example.‎ C．He wanted to find some enjoyment.‎ D．He failed to run the business successfully.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I simply wanted to do something fun and different.”可知，作者旅行是为了体验一些乐趣。‎ ‎3．What was the author's plan for his global trip?‎ A．Avoiding travelling by air.‎ B．Finishing a book while travelling.‎ C．Making careful plans in advance.‎ D．Finding a place for his law practice.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What's more, I'd do it without taking any flights及第三段中的Once I set off on ... I found that travelling without using planes was not easy.”可知，作者旅行中不会乘坐飞机。‎ ‎4．What would the author probably do after returning to the US?‎ A．Start a travel blog.‎ B．Go back to his old life.‎ C．Prepare for another trip.‎ D．Be a temporary worker.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I realised that I didn't want to go back to my old life. The world is so wonderful and I wanted to see as much of it as I could.”可知，作者回到美国短暂停留后还要继续旅行。‎ 加餐练(二)　主观题规范增分练 Ⅰ.语法填空 A Misunderstanding In general, spoken __1__ (statement) are the major way of communication, but body language and __2__ (face) expressions also have such kinds of function. For example, __3__ (yawn) means being not interested and turning one's back to someone or swinging your fist shows your __4__ (angry). But what those gestures really mean is subjective in different cultures. Thus, misunderstandings happen now and then in today's world of cultural crossroads.‎ Once, __5__ (represent) the Adults' Education Association, I went to the airport to meet an official of high rank from Columbia and take him to his dormitory and then to the canteen. After the flight arrived, I saw a man looking around __6__ (curious). So I approached to greet him. He suddenly dashed to hug me and kissed me __7__ both cheeks. As a young girl, I felt truly __8__ (embarrass) and put up my hands to defend myself. His false smile told me that he had lost face.‎ Later, I received a cassette from him, in __9__ he recorded his apology. On hearing that Columbians were more likely to kiss others, I soon felt __10__ ease.‎ 答案：1.statements　2.facial　3.yawning　4.anger ‎5．representing　6.curiously　7.on　8.embarrassed ‎9．which　10.at Ⅱ.短文改错 In order to realize his dream, Bill Gates, richest man in the world, gave up studying in Harvard University, that is the most famous in the world. He set up a company and researching the computer software. Just as an old saying go, “Interest is the best teacher.” I quite agree with this idea. I began to be crazy about English when I was a little girl. I got extreme interested in foreign cultures or customs. To meet me curiosity, I read English stories every day. It seemed to be the best “meal” of a day. As a result, I always did very well in English exam. Interest is the key of success.‎ 答案：第一句：richest前加the; that→which 第二句：researching→researched或去掉and 第三句：go→goes 第四句：with→to 第六句：extreme→extremely; or→and 第七句：me→my 第九句：exam→exams 第十句：of→to Ⅲ.书面表达 假设你叫李明，你的外国朋友Andrew来上海旅游，回国后因天气和旅途劳累等原因病倒了，请你给他写一封慰问信。词数100左右。‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear Andrew，‎ I was very sorry to hear that you have been ill since you returned to your home from China, and that your illness was caused by the bad weather in Shanghai last week.‎ We had a wonderful time while you were here, forgetting that the weather in Shanghai is very different from that in New York. You must also have been very tired after travelling such a long distance in such a short time. So I suggest you get some rest, and if necessary, go to see a doctor. Don't worry too much about your studies.‎ ‎ You'll catch up with others soon once you recover.‎ I am looking forward to your early recovery.‎ Sincerely yours，‎ Li Ming ‎ ‎ 第一部分　听力　(满分30分，限时20分钟)‎ 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1．What does the man like to do if possible?‎ A．Visit museums.‎ B．Make a good plan.‎ C．Visit art gallery.‎ ‎2．What's the man interested in during his free time?‎ A．Playing chess.‎ B．Collecting stamps.‎ C．Playing football.‎ ‎3．What kind of TV programs does the man like best?‎ A．Science and Discovery.‎ B．Entertainment.‎ C．TV plays.‎ ‎4．Why does the man have a headache?‎ A．He had a cold.‎ B．He watched TV last night.‎ C．He didn't sleep last night.‎ ‎5．What are the two speakers talking about?‎ A．Paintings.‎ B．Rivers and mountains.‎ C．Hobbies.‎ 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6．Why doesn't the boy's home have a TV set?‎ A．A TV set is too expensive.‎ B．His parents don't like sports.‎ C．His parents think it's a waste of time.‎ ‎7．What do the brothers do then?‎ A．Watch their favorite programs.‎ B．Go out for sports.‎ C．Watch basketball matches.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8．What is the sweater made of?‎ A．Wool.　　　 　B．Cotton.　　　　C．Nylon.‎ ‎9．What size does the woman want?‎ A．Size 29. B．Size 89. C．Size 39.‎ ‎10．How does the woman pay?‎ A．By personal check.‎ B．By cash.‎ C．By charge.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11．What is the woman looking for?‎ A．Her clothes. B．The car key. C．Some medicine.‎ ‎12．Why is the woman going to the doctor?‎ A．She has a fever.‎ B．She has a pain in the back.‎ C．She doesn't feel well in the chest.‎ ‎13．When is the woman expected at the doctor's?‎ A．At 10：00. B．At 10：30. C．At 10：40.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。‎ ‎14．What is the man doing now?‎ A．Fishing.‎ B．Making preparations for fishing.‎ C．Taking photos.‎ ‎15．What's the woman's hobby?‎ A．Making home movies.‎ B．Fishing.‎ C．Taking photos.‎ ‎16．What will the woman probably do in future?‎ A．Buy a movie camera.‎ B．Learn how to fish.‎ C．Change her hobby.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17．What did the girl do in the hospital?‎ A．A nurse.‎ B．A doctor.‎ C．An assistant of the president.‎ ‎18．Who was Smith?‎ A．An excellent doctor.‎ B．An old patient.‎ C．The girl's father.‎ ‎19．What kind of person was Smith?‎ A．He was often late for working.‎ B．He didn't go to work often.‎ C．He worked very hard.‎ ‎20．Which of the following about the memory of Smith was wrong?‎ A．His memory as a doctor was very poor.‎ B．He often forgot whether he had had lunch.‎ C．He often forgot it was Monday or weekend.‎ 答案：1～5　AAACC　6～10　CBACB ‎11～15　ACBBA　16～20　AAACA 听力材料 ‎(Text 1)‎ M：I don't often visit museums, but I do whenever possible.‎ W：I've never visited the Modern Museum, but I plan to tomorrow.‎ ‎(Text 2)‎ M：What are your hobbies?‎ W：Oh, I collect stamps. What about you?‎ M：I don't really have any hobbies. I just like to play chess in my spare time.‎ ‎(Text 3)‎ W：What kind of TV programs do you like?‎ M：Science and Discovery ranks top and then entertainment.‎ W：I like TV plays especially Korean plays.‎ ‎(Text 4)‎ M：My head aches.‎ W：You stayed up last night?‎ M：Yes, I must hand in my design today.‎ ‎(Text 5)‎ W：Do you have any hobbies?‎ M：I like to paint.‎ W：What kind of things do you paint?‎ M：Mainly rivers and mountains.‎ ‎(Text 6)‎ W：Have you ever had a television in your home?‎ M：Believe it or not, we haven't. My parents don't like us to spend our time watching it. So we have never had one.‎ W：Then what do you do when other children are watching their favorite programs?‎ M：Lots of things. I often do some sports with my brother.‎ W：What sort of sport?‎ M：My brother, who is two years older than me, loves basketball, so we often play that. There's a court just outside our building. And at weekends we often go sailing in the Water Bay.‎ W：Sounds interesting.‎ ‎(Text 7)‎ M：Good morning, madam. May I help you?‎ W：Good morning, I'm looking for a sweater in size 39.‎ M：Here's your size. This one is on sale for $89.‎ W：Will it be warm enough when it's cold?‎ M：It's very warm. It's made of wool.‎ W：Is it washable?‎ ‎ M：Yes, it's machine washable. It's very convenient.‎ W：OK, I'll take it.‎ M：Cash or charge?‎ W：Do you accept personal checks?‎ M：I'm sorry. We don't accept personal checks at this store.‎ W：Then I'll pay cash.‎ ‎(Text 8)‎ M：What are you looking for, Mary?‎ W：My jacket. I'm going to the doctor.‎ M：Why? What's the problem?‎ W：I'm not sure, but I don't feel well.‎ M：Do you have a fever?‎ W：No, I don't think so, but I have a pain in my chest.‎ M：What time will the doctor see you?‎ W：Tenthirty. I'm afraid I have to leave now. It's ten already. Bye.‎ M：Goodbye. I hope it's nothing serious.‎ W：Thanks. See you later.‎ ‎(Text 9)‎ W：What are you doing here?‎ M：I'm preparing my fishing tools.‎ W：What for?‎ M：I'm going to fish with some of my friends.‎ W：Are you fond of fishing?‎ M：Yes. I like fishing after school and on Sundays.‎ W：When did you get such a hobby?‎ M：Long ago. You know, my father is fond of and very good at fishing. When I was a child, he took me to the riverside to see him fishing. I found fishing very interesting then. Well, what's your hobby?‎ W：I'm very fond of making home movies. But I haven't got a movie camera.‎ M：I also like taking photos and I have a Japanesemade camera.‎ W：I take a lot of photos, too. But I'm more interested in the history of film, so I really enjoy using a film camera. I'll buy one of my own some day.‎ ‎(Text 10)‎ W：My job as a nurse at Brown Hospital was looking after aged patients and acting as an assistant to Dr Smith. This was my most important duty, because Dr Smith, though an excellent doctor, was often absentminded. His memory as a doctor was excellent. He never forgot a case. But on the other hand, he couldn't remember the day of the week, whether he had come in his overcoat, what he was supposed to be doing in the afternoon, or if he had already had lunch.‎ 第二部分　阅读理解　(满分40分，限时35分钟)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A A Lesson Plan from Life Planning Education: A Youth Development Program Purpose: To learn about body language and how to use body language Materials (材料): Cards; container Time: 25－35 minutes Planning Notes：‎ ‎•Write the words below on cards：‎ angry•disappointed•shy•afraid•sad•happy•nervous•excited•bored ‎•Place the cards in the container so volunteers can draw them out one at a time.‎ Steps：‎ First make sure that all volunteers know what body language means (expressing feelings through body movement and facial expressions). Go over the following instructions：‎ ‎•I'll need at least 9 volunteers to play a game similar to charades (猜词游戏)．‎ ‎•The first volunteer will draw a card with a feeling written on it and act out the feeling without using words.‎ ‎•The rest of the group will guess what feeling is being communicated. Once someone correctly guesses the feeling, the next person in line will draw a card and act out what is written on it, again without words.‎ ‎•The game will continue until there are no more cards or until time is up.‎ At last, end the activity using the discussion points below：‎ ‎•Can you give examples of when someone's body language communicated a different message from what he/she actually said?‎ ‎•Sometimes one person is offended (冒犯) by another's body language. How can you work to keep that from happening? Answers may include: be honest and direct; match your nonverbal messages to your verbal ones; be aware of cultural attitudes toward different kinds of body language.‎ 语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章是有关肢体语言运用的课程设计。‎ ‎21．To whom is the text most likely written?‎ A．Teachers.　　　　　　 　B．Students.‎ C．Volunteers. D．Young parents.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章标题“A Lesson Plan from Life Planning Education: A Youth Development Program”及文章内容介绍可知，本文是一堂课的课程设计内容，由此可知，文章的受众是教师。‎ ‎22．What do we know about the game?‎ A．One volunteer draws all cards.‎ B．Volunteers guess feelings one by one.‎ C．Each volunteer is given 25－35 minutes.‎ D．Feelings on cards are shown nonverbally.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据“Steps”部分中的“The first volunteer ... without using words及the next person in line ... again without words”可知，志愿者们在做猜词游戏时，避免使用话语，只能用表演的方式呈现卡片上表示感觉的单词。‎ ‎23．What are you advised to do to avoid offensive body language?‎ A．Learn about different cultures.‎ B．Behave humorously.‎ C．Act indirectly.‎ D．Just let it be.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据“Steps”部分中的“be aware of cultural attitudes toward different kinds of body language”可知，为避免肢体语言冒犯他人，应该学习了解不同的文化。‎ B April is National Distracted (分心的) Driving Awareness Month, and we at NAPA AUTO PARTS decide to help drivers improve safety on the roads and highways.That's why we've created the free Safe Texting App.‎ Texting shows a big risk for drivers that text behind steering wheels (方向盘) and, as a result, for other drivers on the road, too. Distracted driving is often considered a problem that mostly affects younger drivers between the ages of 1619 who rely heavily on texting to communicate with friends and family. Because these drivers are typically less experienced than older drivers, distractions like texting present great risks. According to Safe Texting Campaign, teens are four times as likely to have an accident when texting or even when talking on a handheld mobile phone.‎ Older drivers don't get rid of the risks of distracted driving, and the statistics are serious. A University of Utah report suggests that distraction from using a handheld or handsfree phone while driving increases reaction time as much as having a blood alcohol content (血液酒精含量) of 0.08%, the legal limit for drunk driving.Distracted driving is a factor in a quarter of all policereported traffic accidents, and 16% of deadly accidents involve drivers' distraction.‎ Drivers that use the free Safe Texting App not only improve safety for themselves and their passengers, but also for others on the road. The app simply detects when the mobile phone user is driving or riding in a car at 15 mph or more, and displays the message “Please Don't Text and Drive.” The app automatically replies to incoming text messages, letting the sender know that you're driving and unable to respond immediately.Passengers can simply use the“snooze (小睡)” function to reactivate texting.The Safe Texting App is available for iPhones and Android mobile phones.‎ Visit NAPAvisibility.com now to sign the pledge (保证), get the app and take advantage of our special offers.Let us know you've signed the pledge in the comments below.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了美国汽车配件协会为了提高交通安全推出的一款免费软件，以此来减少司机在驾驶时使用手机造成的事故。‎ ‎24．Why does distracted driving mostly affect teen drivers?‎ A．Because they can only rely on texting for communication.‎ B．Because they lack enough driving experience.‎ C．Because they often talk on the mobile phones.‎ D．Because they are mostly affected by other drivers.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段“Distracted driving is often considered a problem that mostly affects younger drivers ... Because these drivers are typically less experienced than older drivers, distractions like texting present great risks.”可知，分心驾驶主要影响的是年轻司机，因为他们缺乏驾驶经验。‎ ‎25．What is the third paragraph mainly about?‎ A．Distracted driving has been a serious safety problem.‎ B．Older drivers like texting better than younger ones while driving.‎ C．Safe Texting Campaign has done much research into distracted driving.‎ D．Distracted driving often affects younger drivers greatly.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，犹他州的一个大学的报告显示，开车时用手机会降低人体反应速度，程度等同于血液内酒精含量0.08%。警方报告的交通事故中，有四分之一是由分心驾驶引起的，而致死的交通事故中有16%是由于司机分心。由此可知第三段主要说明分心驾驶一直以来都是一个严重的安全问题。‎ ‎26．How does the free Safe Texting App work?‎ A．It can stop drivers from texting messages.‎ B．It will turn off your phones if you text while driving.‎ C．It will remind you to drive carefully.‎ D．It can detect your distraction and stop the car.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段“The app simply detects when the mobile phone user is driving or riding in a car at 15 mph or more, and displays the message‘Please Don't Text and Drive.’”可知，这款软件会在司机的驾驶速度在每小时15英里或更高的情况下显示“请不要发短信，认真开车。”由此可知，这款软件会提醒司机专心开车。‎ ‎27．Which of the following is correct about the free Texting App?‎ A．You can download it after paying some money.‎ B．The app can be only used on iPhones.‎ C．Before you get it you need to make a formal pledge.‎ D．After using it you need to write some comments.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Visit NAPAvisibility.com now to sign the pledge(保证), get the app ...”可知，访问NAPAvisibility.com然后签署一个保证书，就可以得到这款软件。由此可知，要得到这款软件，要先做出一个正式的保证。‎ C A simple gesture can be formed into a child's memory so quickly that it will cause the child to give a false answer to a question accompanied by that gesture. A new finding suggests that parents, social workers, psychologists and lawyers should be careful with their hands as well as their words.‎ Gestures can be as informative as speech, but hand gestures are so common that we rarely notice when we're using them.‎ While the recollection (回忆) of both adults and children is easy to react to suggestion, the memories of children are known to be particularly influenced, said lead researcher Sara Broaders of Northwestern University. Kids are used to looking to adults to tell events for them and can be misled even if not intentionally.‎ Previous research, for example, has shown that detailed questions often cause false answers; when asked, say, “Did you drink juice at the picnic？” the child is likely to say “yes” even if no juice had been available. It's not that the child is lying on purpose. Rather, the detail is quickly formed into his or her memory.‎ To avoid this problem, social workers have long been advised to ask children only openended questions, such as“What did you have at the picnic？” But an openended ‎ question paired with a gesture, briefly meaning a juice box, is treated like a detailed question. That is, children become likely to answer falsely.‎ And it isn't just a few kids: 77% of children gave at least one piece of false information when a detail was suggested by an ordinary gesture. Gestures may also become more popular when talking with nonfluent language users, such as little kids, Broaders said, as hand movements can impart meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases. “It certainly seems reasonable that adults would gesture more with children.”‎ In general, Broaders advises parents and other adults to “try to be aware of your hands when questioning a child about an event. Otherwise, you might be getting answers that don't reflect what actually happened.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。手势语在一定程度上会增加相互间的理解。然而，它也有消极作用，即误导对方，尤其是会误导孩子。本文探索了其中的原因。‎ ‎28．According to the text, gestures ________.‎ A．have not any function at all B．are rarely used by people C．have certain effect on children D．are often used by social workers 解析：选C　细节理解题。文章第一段就已经指出手势语对孩子有影响，而全文都在说明这一观点，故选C。‎ ‎29．Why are kids easy to be misled by gestures according to Sara Broaders?‎ A．These gestures are very attractive.‎ B．Their memories are affected easily.‎ C．Children are easy to tell lies.‎ D．These gestures are used frequently.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句和第三段可知，主要原因是孩子的记忆很容易受到外界，例如具体问题或者暗示性手势等的影响，故选B。‎ ‎30．The underlined word “impart”in Paragraph 6 means “________”．　‎ A．separate　　　　　　 　B．tell apart C．confuse D．pass on 解析：选D　词义猜测题。本段最后一句话说大人对孩子使用更多的手势语是非常有理由的。其原因就是前一句话，即手势语能够传达那些不熟悉的单词和短语的含义。‎ ‎31．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Gestures — a Useful Way of Education B．Gestures Can Mislead Children C．Gestures Mean Adults' Directions D．Gestures Affect Children Much 解析：选B　标题归纳题。整篇文章主要介绍了一项研究结果，手势语会对孩子产生误导作用。选项D表达太宽泛。故选B。‎ D One of the newest words on the coffee stage is “shade grown coffee”. Shade grown coffee isn't new. In fact, until only a few years ago, shade grown coffee represented the major coffee beans sold on the world coffee market. The coffee plant is a natural shade lover, growing best in the shade afforded by an overgrowing canopy (树冠) of ‎ rain forest plants. That canopy protects the coffee plant from sunlight that reduces its production and kills it.‎ Shade grown coffee is, however more expensive to grow, at least in the short run. Growing coffee in the shade means that coffee growers also have to spend time working on the_protectors. It means that less land is left to produce coffee beans. The arrival of technically engineered coffee plants that grow well in the sun represented a major development in coffee industry. Because there was no need to grow shade trees to protect the coffee trees, farmers could use more and more land to grow coffee trees, increasing their productivity and possibly leading to more money for the coffee plantations and farmers.‎ However, it was not a good idea to move away from shade grown coffee. The sheltering canopy provided more than just shade for the coffee trees. Those plants provided shelter for birds and other animals who feed on pests. They help to fix nitrogen in the soil, and nitrogen is a natural fertilizer, which makes plants grow more successfully. The increase in land used to grow sun loving coffee trees also had an unexpected effect on the law of supply and demand (供需). The increased production resulted in a huge amount of coffee beans coming to the market, which brought down prices.‎ Moreover, most experts agree that shade grown coffee is better in taste than coffee grown in full sun. Plants grown in shade take longer to develop. The slower growing time helps to improve the coffee's taste. You can buy a can of shade grown coffee to replace your usual sun coffee. One cup of coffee a day — it's a small price to pay for a better world.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章讨论了人们为什么应该购买树荫下种植的咖啡。‎ ‎32．What do we know about shade grown coffee?‎ A．It has been introduced to the market recently.‎ B．It was planted in many places.‎ C．It likes sunlight very much.‎ D．It is a costfriendly plant.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In fact, until only ... on the world coffee market.” 可知，树荫下种植的咖啡在数年前曾风靡咖啡市场，由此可推知，这种咖啡品种之前在多地有种植。‎ ‎33．The underlined part “the protectors” in Paragraph 2 refers to“______”．‎ A．shade trees B．coffee beans C．coffee trees D．natural fertilizers 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“That canopy protects the coffee plant from sunlight that reduces its production and kills it.”及第二段中的“Because there was no need to grow shade trees to protect the coffee trees”可知，“the protectors”在此处指代“shade trees”。‎ ‎34．What is an advantage of sheltering plants?‎ A．They bring more money to farmers.‎ B．They keep a balanced environment.‎ C．They help clear the nitrogen in the soil.‎ D．They make coffee plants grow more quickly.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The sheltering canopy provided ...makes plants grow more successfully.”可知，那些为咖啡树提供遮蔽的植物有利于保护生态平衡。‎ ‎35．What does the author suggest?‎ A．Spending less on coffee.‎ B．Listening to experts' ideas.‎ C．Buying shade grown coffee.‎ D．Planting more sun loving coffee.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后两段的内容可知，作者认为树荫下种植的咖啡口味更佳，更有利于环保，所以建议人们购买树荫下种植的咖啡。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ How to Build a Student's Selfconfidence Educating students means more than giving them academic knowledge. Simply knowing a correct response doesn't give a student the confidence to raise his hand to answer a question. Students perform best in constructive learning environments.__36__　‎ Provide leadership opportunities for students. Cultivate (培养) important characteristics, including responsibility and independence by assigning students to take different classroom roles. Suitable jobs include hall monitors, audiovisual assistants and classroom helpers.__37__‎ Set achievable goals for each student.__38__ Talk with them about your expectations and their individual progress.Reward students for meeting challenges, while persuading struggling students back on track.‎ Give constructive feedback to help reduce weaknesses and strengthen strengths.Teach students that selfconfidence isn't built from praise. Remain honest with each student to encourage them to speak out their problems, instead of avoiding or denying their existence. Make corrections without damaging your students' confidence.‎ Encourage students to set high standards for themselves.__39__ Reinforce (强化) this message with examples and literature.‎ ‎__40__ Realize that conquering difficult tasks builds mental toughness and cultivates persistence. Relay this message to your students by asking each one to write a goal that focuses on improving a weak area. Help your students develop relevant attack plans.‎ A．Push students to improve their weaknesses.‎ B．Selfconfidence games can help students of all ages.‎ C．Tell your students that they are able to achieve great achievements.‎ D．They are useless in helping students succeed in the future.‎ E．You can reduce their doubts with various activities that build confidence.‎ F．Mastering some duties can help build confidence and erase the fear of trying new experiences.‎ G．Realize that overcoming selfdoubt to achieve objectives can help build students' confidence.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。培养自信对于学生的学业成功来说非常重要，本文告诉我们一些如何培养学生自信的建议。‎ ‎36．选E　下文列举了一系列老师可以采取的培养学生自信心的措施，故此处选E项，引起下文的论述，老师们可以采用各种各样的活动培养学生的自信心，以减少他们对自己的怀疑。‎ ‎37．选F　本段论述了给学生提供展示领导才能的机会，如让学生担任不同的课堂角色或者安排不同的任务以培养其责任感，故此处选F项，掌握一些职责有助于培养学生的自信心，消除学生对尝试新体验的恐惧。‎ ‎38．选G　根据本段的主题句“Set achievable goals for each student”可知，此处选G项，为每一个学生设立可实现的目标，认识到克服自我怀疑以实现目标有助于增强学生的自信心。‎ ‎39．选C　空处与上一句中的high standards“高标准”相呼应，故选C项，告诉学生他们可以取得重大的成就。‎ ‎40．选A　本段主要论述了通过改善自身的弱点可以培养意志力，故选择A项，鼓励学生改善自身弱点。‎ 第三部分　语言知识运用　(满分45分，限时30分钟)‎ 第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Flying on a plane for the first time can be frightening. It can be extra __41__ for children who have autism (自闭症). When Linda Diaz was __42__ a vacation to Disney World four years ago, she wanted to make flying a __43__ experience for her son, Andy, who has autism.‎ She called MinneapolisSt. Paul International Airport (MSP) to see what could be done. __44__， the airport didn't have programs to help Andy. So Diaz __45__ the family's flights and __46__ drove 1,500 miles to Orlando, Florida.‎ Soon after that drive to Disney World, a program started at MSP. It is to help make flying __47__ for kids like Andy. The program is called Navigating MSP. It holds __48__ every month for anyone who has __49__ about flying. The program is not __50__ for people with autism. Airline workers help __51__ get used to the airport and planes. It helps them to be less frightened of flying. When they __52__ fly, they are not as worried.‎ When Andy was 13 years old, his first __53__ ride was planned. He went through a practice with his family. George Callow, an officer at the airport, helped the family through the safety checks. Callow said the visiting families got on a plane, __54__ it was not going anywhere. It was just for them to __55__.‎ After the last family arrived, the pilot greeted the families over the speaker, “Welcome aboard our flight to __56__.” After greeting the pilot and flight attendants, passengers went to their __57__. But Andy had other plans. Frightened by his new surroundings, he ran down the aisle (走廊) of the plane, __58__ a way out. Volunteers suggested that Andy might be most __59__ in the front row. They were __60__. Once seated, Andy was quiet and kissed his mother on the face. He felt better about flying now.‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。明尼阿波利斯—‎ 圣保罗国际机场为有飞行障碍的人组织了体验活动，以减轻这些人乘坐飞机旅行的焦虑。‎ ‎41．A.brave　　　　　　　 　B．hard C．harmful D．clever 解析：选B　根据上文中的“Flying on a plane for the first time can be frightening.”及本句中的“children who have autism”可知，对于有自闭症的儿童来说，首次乘机出行尤为“艰难(hard)”。‎ ‎42．A.planning B．spending C．booking D．enjoying 解析：选A　根据第二段中的“She called MinneapolisSt. Paul International Airport (MSP) to see what could be done.”可知，“Linda Diaz”四年前“打算(planning)”坐飞机去迪斯尼世界旅行，她想让自己罹患自闭症的儿子Andy有一次“良好的(good)”飞行体验。‎ ‎43．A.long B．common C．good D．personal 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎44．A.Moreover B．Therefore C．However D．Then 解析：选C　根据语境可知，设空所在句与上一句之间是转折关系，故本空填However。‎ ‎45．A.canceled B．remembered C．prepared D．missed 解析：选A　根据上文中的“the airport didn't have programs to help Andy”可知，明尼阿波利斯—圣保罗国际机场没有相关项目能帮助Andy，因此Diaz“取消了(canceled)”一家人的航班，“改作(instead)”驱车1 500英里前去佛罗里达州的奥兰多。‎ ‎46．A.once B．again C．still D．instead 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎47．A.quieter B．easier C．faster D．shorter 解析：选B　根据下文中的“It helps them to be less frightened of flying.” 可知，该项目旨在帮助像Andy一样的孩子们，使他们的乘机出行变得“更容易(easier)”一些。‎ ‎48．A.games B．classes C．speeches D．practices 解析：选D　第四段中的“He went through a practice with his family.”提示了本空。‎ ‎49．A.stories B．questions C．worries D．suggestions 解析：选C　本空填worries是对下文“they are not as worried”中的“worried”的同根词复现。‎ ‎50．A.even B．just C．always D．yet 解析：选B　根据上文中的“anyone”可知，这一项目并非“只(just)”针对自闭症患者。‎ ‎51．A.visitors B．patients C．children D．foreigners 解析：选A　本空填“visitors”是对下文“passengers went to their”中的“passengers”的同义词复现。‎ ‎52．A.usually B．immediately C．occasionally D．really 解析：选D　根据上文中的“Airline workers ... get used to the airport and planes.”可知，航空公司的工作人员帮助有飞行焦虑的人熟悉机场和飞机，当这些人“实际(really)”乘机旅行时，就没有先前那么焦虑了。‎ ‎53．A.plane B．train C．bus D．taxi 解析：选A　Andy的首次乘“机(plane)”旅行已经安排就绪。‎ ‎54．A.unless B．but C．so D．if 解析：选B　根据上文中的“He went through a practice with his family.”可知，进行参观体验的各个家庭上了一架飞机，“但是(but)”该飞机哪儿也不去，他们只是进行“观摩(see)”来了。‎ ‎55．A.hide B．relax C．pay D．see 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎56．A.nowhere B．somewhere C．anywhere D．everywhere 解析：选A　根据上一段中的“it was not going anywhere”可知，这趟航班“无处(nowhere)”可抵。‎ ‎57．A.offices B．friends C．seats D．families 解析：选C　下文中的“Once seated”提示了本空。‎ ‎58．A.pointing to B．looking for C．thinking about D．dreaming of 解析：选B　根据本句前半部分“Frightened by his new surroundings”可知，Andy对新环境感到不适，在飞机走廊里跑来跑去，试图“寻找(looking for)”出口。‎ ‎59．A.certain B．acceptable C．comfortable D．special 解析：选C　根据下文“Andy was quiet and kissed his mother on the face. He felt better about flying now”可知，有志愿者建议，头排座椅可能对Andy来说是最“舒服的(comfortable)”，事实证明，志愿者们是“对的(right)”。‎ ‎60．A.important B．lucky C．hopeful D．right 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Everyone has dreams, but not all dreams can be realised. People give up their dreams for this or that reason. Those __61__ dreams become true have one thing in common, that is, they insist on __62__ (work) for their dreams.‎ Marie Curie, a famous scientist, has set __63__ good example. In 1898, Marie __64__ (find) a new element (元素) in the pitchblende (沥青铀矿). __65__ (prove) her discovery, she had to show it to the world, which also became her dream. After using tons of pitchblende, Marie and her husband __66__ (final) saw the blue light of radium (镭). There are many other examples. Athletes who gain gold medals and students who enter key universities after __67__ (year) of hard work, are all dreamholders.‎ The path to dreams may not be smooth and the progress may be __68__ (pain). But hold on to your dreams, no matter __69__ big or small they are. Hold on to the end, and you will find there is nothing __70__ (happy) than your dreams coming true.‎ 语篇解读：每个人都有自己的梦想，但并非所有梦想都能成真。实现梦想的人的共同点就是为梦想而坚持，始终不渝。‎ ‎61．whose　设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Those”(指代People)，且在从句中表所属，限定“dreams”，故填whose。‎ ‎62．working　“insist on doing sth.”意为“坚持做某事”。‎ ‎63．a　“set an example”意为“树立榜样”，又因为“example”前有“good”修饰，故填a。‎ ‎64．found　由前面的“In 1898”可知，设空处所在句是对过去事实的描述，应用一般过去时，故填found。‎ ‎65．To prove　由语境可知，居里夫人必须向世界展示这种元素是为了证明她的发现，故填“To prove”。‎ ‎66．finally　设空处作状语修饰“saw”，表示“最后”，故填finally。‎ ‎67．years　“year”是可数名词且在此表泛指，应用其复数形式，故填years。‎ ‎68．painful　设空处作表语，表示“痛苦的”，故填painful。‎ ‎69．how　设空处所在句意为：坚持你的梦想，不论它们有多么大或多么小。故填how (多么)。‎ ‎70．happier　设空处所在句意为“当你梦想成真的时候，你会发现没有比这更快乐的了”，故填happier。‎ 第四部分　写作　(满分35分，限时35分钟)‎ 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ My aunt is out of work in 2012.At a very beginning, she was afraid of being laughed by others. She was worried and wondered which or not she could find another job. It was hard for her to find a good job so she didn't have special skills. But some time late, she was no longer afraid. She managed to finding a job as a waitress at a teahouse and now she is a manager through hard works. She does well in her job, from which she can earn many money. She has been set the laidoff workers a good ‎ example.‎ 答案：第一句：is→was 第二句：a→the; laughed后加at 第三句：which→whether 第四句：so→because/for 第五句：late→later 第六句：finding→find; works→work 第七句：many→much 第八句：去掉been 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)‎ 假设你们班准备做一次关于美国的英语板报，请你根据要点提示，用英语写一篇短文，简单介绍一下美国的象征之一——自由女神像。‎ 要点：‎ ‎1．位于纽约，是法国人民送给美国的礼物；‎ ‎2．建于1874～1884年，金属铸造，高46米，重225吨；‎ ‎3．是美国的象征，象征着自由。‎ 要求：‎ ‎1．词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加情节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文：‎ What will occur to you first while talking about the US？I believe most people will think of the Statue of Liberty.‎ The Statue of Liberty, which was built from 1874 to 1884, lies in New York City now. Made of metal, the statue weighs up to 225 tons and measures 46 meters high. As we all know, the Statue of Liberty was a gift to the US from the people of France in memory of the friendship between the two countries.‎ Today, the Statue of Liberty not only represents freedom but also has become the symbol of the US, which is a famous sight spot that travelers must visit in New York.‎