【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题虚拟语气考点解读（9页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题虚拟语气考点解读（9页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 虚拟语气考点解读 ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ ‎1．If he had known about Arab food, he ________ (behave) better.‎ 解析：might have behaved　句意：如果他早知道一些阿拉伯食物的话，他可能就会表现得更好一点。由句意可知这是一个条件句，从句用了过去完成时态，主句用might have done结构。‎ ‎2．An order came that our building ______(pull) down to make room for a new street.‎ 解析：(should) be pulled　句意：命令传来，我们的房子要被拆除，为一条新的街道腾出空间。order“命令”后的同位语从句应该用虚拟语气，又因为building和pull down之间为动宾关系，因此应该用(should)be pulled。‎ ‎3．It is high time that we ________ (devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.‎ 解析：should devote/devoted　此处是“It is high time that sb. should do/did sth.”句型。‎ ‎4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.________________‎ 解析：can→should或者去掉can　suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可省略。‎ ‎5．(2015·四川高考短文改错)If you are me, would you talk ‎ to them？________________‎ 解析：are→were　与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。‎ ‎6．If you had treated me to a movie last night, I would have a wonderful time.________________‎ 解析：have后加had　句意：如果你昨天晚上请我看电影的话，我应该会很开心。此处表示与过去情况相反的假设，从句用了had done，主句应该用would have done，因此应该在have后加had。‎ ‎7．My boss insisted that all the papers would be handed in on time. Otherwise, I would be fired.________________‎ 解析：第一个would→should或去掉第一个would　句意：老板坚决要求所有的文件都必须按时上交。否则，我就会被开除。insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后的宾语从句谓语应该用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ ‎8．She wishes that her parents take her to the Summer Palace this coming summer vacation.________________‎ 解析：take前加would/could　句意：她希望她爸爸妈妈在即将到来的暑假里带她去颐和园玩。根据时间状语“this coming summer vacation”判断，此处应该指的是将来的愿望，因此应该用“would/could＋动词原形”。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be用were)‎ should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 过去式(be用were)‎ should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all.‎ 如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。‎ If you had come earlier, you couldn’t/wouldn’t have missed the bus.‎ 如果你早点儿来，就不会错过那班公共汽车了。‎ If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.‎ 如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到家里来。‎ ‎[注意]　(1)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。‎ ‎(2)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without, or, otherwise, but for等词或短语来表示。‎ If you hadn’t left home without a word, your parents wouldn’t be so worried now.‎ 要是你说句话再离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。‎ Without/But for your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded anyway.‎ ‎＝If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have succeeded anyway.‎ 没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。‎ ‎2．其他形式的虚拟语气 ‎(1)与表示建议、命令、要求、坚持等词相关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的这类动词的记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order, command)，三个建议(suggest, advise, propose)，四个要求(ask, require, demand, request)。‎ The school recommends parents (should) not permit their children to swim in rivers or lakes during summer holidays.‎ 学校建议父母在暑假别允许他们的小孩在河里或湖里游泳。‎ My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.‎ 我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。‎ Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable.‎ 你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。‎ It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.‎ 人们建议会议推迟到下周。‎ ‎[注意]　suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时不用虚拟语气。‎ ‎(2)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were)‎ 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/could＋动词原形 I wish you had come to the lecture.‎ 但愿你当时来听报告了。‎ We wish we would live on the moon one day.‎ ‎ 但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。‎ ‎(3)四个特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟 if only引导的条件句及感叹句　‎ had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were)‎ would/could/should/might＋动词原形 as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were)‎ would/could/should/might＋动词原形 would rather 后的宾语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式 ‎(be用 were)‎ 过去式(be用were)‎ It is (high)‎ 过去式或“should＋动词原形”‎ time (that)．..‎ How terrible the car accident was! If only the driver hadn’t driven so fast!‎ 那场车祸太可怕了！如果司机不开那么快就好了！‎ It seems as though it were spring already.‎ 看起来好像已经是春天了一样。‎ I’d rather you hadn’t told me about it.‎ 我宁愿你没有告诉我那件事。‎ It’s high time that we did/should do something to make good use of time.‎ 是我们该做些什么好好利用时间的时候了。‎ ‎[基础巩固练习]　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．You must be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.‎ ‎2．—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it’s too bad. You should have made full preparations.‎ ‎3．You may/might feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.‎ ‎4．On Sundays when I was a child, father and I would get up early and go fishing.‎ ‎5．Sometimes smiles around the world can be false,‎ ‎ hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.‎ ‎6．According to the factory safety rules, all accidents shall be reported to the safety officer.‎ ‎7．Jack, look！Everybody is doing homework quietly. Must you make a noise in class?‎ ‎8．Sorry, Cathy, I didn’t know that you were badly short of money then. But you could have asked me for help.‎ ‎9．His ship was delayed because of the heavy fog yesterday; otherwise I would have_picked (pick) him up on time.‎ ‎10．The order came that the medical supplies (should)_be_sent (send) to the earthquakestricken area soon.‎ ‎11．Doctors strongly recommend that fathers (should)_be (be) present at their babies’ birth.‎ ‎12．My husband is always talking about the economy and stocks, but I’d rather he focused (focus) more on our children’s education.‎ ‎13．—Your aunt invites you to go to the movies today.‎ ‎—I would rather she told (tell) me tomorrow than today.‎ ‎14．If you had_followed_(follow) my suggestions, you wouldn’t be crying over your failure now.‎ ‎15．It’s so bad that I failed in the final exam. If only I_had_worked (work) hard at it!‎ ‎16．Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he did/should_do (do) something instead of just talking.‎ ‎17．Mr. Smith would have given us a lecture yesterday, ‎ but he was (be) busy.‎ ‎18．Don’t handle the vase as if it were (be) made of steel.‎ ‎19．He agreed to our suggestion that we (should)_put (put) on a play at the English evening.‎ ‎20．Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced (dance) as well as her.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would took me to Disneyland at weekends.took→take ‎2．It has been announced that students might remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.might→shall ‎3．It is strange that he can not have been invited to the party.can→should ‎4．I wish I was a bird and could fly freely in the blue sky.was→were ‎5．If you come earlier, we would have climbed the hill.you后加had ‎6．He advised that we would start off early the next day.would→should或去掉would ‎7．Do you want to visit the small garden where we would played in our childhood？played→play ‎8．He must know my phone number, but I am not quite sure.must→may/might ‎9．We would rather our daughter stays at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.stays→stayed ‎10．Dear fellow students, it’s high time that we pay attention to this phenomenon.pay→paid或在pay前加should