2019年度高考英语人教版必修三课堂要点精析讲义：Unit2SectionⅢGrammar—情态动词（Ⅱ）

2019年度高考英语人教版必修三课堂要点精析讲义：Unit2SectionⅢGrammar—情态动词（Ⅱ）

Section_ⅢGrammar—_情态动词(Ⅱ)‎ 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①By now his restaurant ought to be full of people.‎ ‎②Does your father need any help? ‎ ‎③What do we need to take for the picnic?‎ ‎④You needn't try to explain. ‎ ‎ ⑤His mother is ill. He has to stay at home to look after her.‎ ‎⑥Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)以上句子中，第①、④、⑤、⑥句中的黑体词都是情态动词，而第②和③两句中的黑体词是实义动词。‎ ‎(2)以上各句中的情态动词后都接动词原形。其中第⑥句中must have happened的意思是“一定已经发生了”。‎ ‎(3)上述句子中ought to意为“应该”；need意为“需要”；has to意为“不得不”。‎ 一、ought to的用法 ‎1．“应该”，表示责任或义务。用于表示按道理应当，常指客观的义务或责任，大多数情况下可用should代替，但比should语气重。‎ You ought to study harder than your brother.‎ 你应该比你哥哥更努力学习。‎ I should help her because she is in trouble.‎ 她有困难了，我应该帮助她。‎ ‎2．“应该”，表示劝告、建议或命令。should和ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。‎ ought to的否定式为oughtn't to或ought not to。‎ You ought to balance career and family.‎ 你应该平衡好事业与家庭之间的关系。‎ Should I open the window?‎ 我可以打开窗户吗？‎ ‎3．“应该”，表示推测。可与should换用。‎ Mary ought to be here soon.‎ 玛丽应该很快就来了。‎ This is where the oil ought to/should be.‎ 这里应该就是石油存在的地方。‎ ‎[即时演练1]　用ought to补全句子 ‎①You ought_to_be_more_careful when you cross the road next time.‎ 下次过马路时，你应该更小心些。‎ ‎②You oughtn't/ought_not_to_scold him.‎ 你不该责备他。‎ ‎③—Ought_I_to_leave tomorrow?‎ ‎—Yes, you_ought_to.‎ ‎——我应该明天动身吗？‎ ‎——是的，你应该。‎ 二、need的用法 ‎1．作情态动词 ‎(1)need作情态动词时，常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，意为“需要”。‎ ‎—Need I finish the work today?‎ ‎—Yes, you must./No, you needn't.‎ ‎——我需要今天干完这活吗？‎ ‎——是的，必须干完。/不用，你不必干完。‎ ‎(2)needn't 意为“不必”，表示客观上不必如何。‎ There's plenty of time. You needn't drive so fast.‎ 时间很充足，你不必开这么快。‎ ‎2．作实义动词 need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。‎ The bike needs repairing.‎ ‎＝The bike needs to be repaired.‎ 这辆自行车需要修理。‎ ‎[即时演练2]　用need或must补全句子 ‎ ‎①The door needs_painting/to_be_painted. ‎ 那扇门需要粉刷一下。‎ ‎②—Need he stay here?‎ ‎—Yes, he must./No, he needn't.‎ ‎——他需要留在这儿吗？‎ ‎——是的，他必须。/不，他不必留在这儿。‎ 三、have to的用法 ‎1．have to“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don't/doesn't/didn't have to。‎ It's too late.I have to go home now.‎ 天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。‎ You don't have to finish the work now.‎ 你现在没有必要完成这项工作。‎ ‎2．have to表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。此外，must还表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。‎ I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.‎ 今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。‎ You must obey the rules of your school.‎ 你必须遵守你们学校的规则。‎ ‎[即时演练3]　用have to 和must补全句子 ‎ ‎①I have_to_meet_my_partner once a week.‎ 我每周必须与我的合伙人碰一次头。‎ ‎②We don't_have_to_go_to_school on Sundays.‎ 星期天我们不用去上学。‎ ‎③I must_write_a_letter to the headmaster.‎ 我非得给校长写封信不可。‎ 四、情态动词＋ have done ‎“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去事情的推测。各情态动词的这种具体用法如下表：‎ can/could have done ‎1.过去可能(表推测)‎ ‎2．本能做而未做(表虚拟)‎ should/ought to have done 本该做而未做 may/might have done ‎1.过去也许做了(表推测)‎ ‎2．本可能做而未做(表虚拟)‎ must have done 一定已经做了 needn't have done 本不必做而做了 From what you said, she must have told you all about it.‎ 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。‎ You should have told me earlier or I might have gone with them.‎ 你应该早点告诉我，不然的话我就会和他们一块去了。‎ They could have sent up the satellite successfully.‎ 他们本来有能力成功发射这颗卫星的。‎ You ought to/should have been more careful.‎ 你本应该更小心一些的。‎ You needn't have told them about it.‎ 你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。‎ ‎[即时演练4]　用“情态动词＋have done”补全句子 ‎①They must_have_been to the Great Wall, haven't they?‎ 他们一定是去了长城，不是吗？‎ ‎②He can't/couldn't_have_watched TV last night, for he knew he would have a test.‎ 昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道就要考试了。‎ ‎③He could_have_passed the exam, but he was too careless.‎ 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。‎ ‎④You should/ought_to_have_done more exercise before.‎ 以前你本应该多进行锻炼的。‎ ‎⑤You might/may_have_read about it in the newspapers.‎ 你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。‎ ‎⑥I needn't_have_cooked so much food. Nobody was hungry.‎ 我本不必做这么多吃的，大家都不饿。‎ Ⅰ.用情态动词和所给动词的正确形式填空 ‎1．You ought_to/should_have_given (give) him some advice.He was too upset at that time.‎ ‎2．You mustn't_smoke (smoke) in this part of the hospital.‎ ‎3．There was plenty of time. She needn't_have_hurried (hurry)．‎ ‎4．I have no bike, so I have_to_go (go) to the office on foot.‎ ‎5．You needn't_buy (not buy) a gift, but you can if you want to.‎ ‎6．Look！The road is wet.It must_have_rained (rain) last night.‎ ‎7．Bob ought_not_to_speak (not speak) to his mother like that.‎ ‎8．You must_come (come) here on time, or you'll be fined next time.‎ ‎9．Hurry up！We ought_to/should_go (go) to school right away.‎ ‎10．Her eyes are red. She must_have_been (be) crying.‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I have just found that I_have_to_attend_an_important_class_meeting (我必须参加一个重要的班会) that afternoon.‎ ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)The length of the article should_be_limited_to_400_words_or_so (应当限制在400词左右). ‎ ‎3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)The last important thing you_should_remember (你应当记住的是) is that you have to send the article to me before June 28.‎ ‎4．(2015·四川高考满分作文)I badly need_someone_to_help_me_with_my_oral_English (需要有人来帮助我学英语口语), at which lots of Chinese students are bad.‎ ‎5．Mr.Smith can't_have_gone_to_Beijing (不可能去北京了), for I saw him in the library just now.‎ ‎6．You oughtn't_to/shouldn't_have_written (本不应该写) so fast.‎ ‎7．You needn't_have_referred_to_it (本不必提起它), for I had known about it.‎ ‎8．You must_have_seen (肯定看过) the film The Pursuit of Happiness.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(用适当的情态动词填空)‎ The bell for class just rang for the second time, but Tom didn't turn up. He 1.should/ought_to have arrived at school earlier because there would be a math test for the whole class today. He is one of the top students in the class. He usually comes to school on time. “He 2.should be in class now，” thought his master teacher Mrs. Green. “I 3.must make sure what has happened to him.”‎ So she went out of the classroom and rang up Tom.‎ ‎“Hi, Tom! You 4.ought to be at school now. Where are you？”‎ ‎“Good morning, Mrs. Green. I'm still at home.”‎ ‎“Why? Why don't you come to school today？”‎ ‎“My mother is ill, so I 5.have_to/must look after her at home.”‎ ‎“Your father should be at home, so you 6.needn't/don't_have_to stay at home to take care of her.”‎ ‎“But my father hasn't got back from work yet. I will go to school as soon as my father gets back.”‎ ‎“OK. But you 7.must/need come here as quickly as possible, or you will 8.have_to take another test if you fail this one.”‎