最高考高考英语语法精讲精练专题六非谓语动词常考点

最高考高考英语语法精讲精练专题六非谓语动词常考点

高考英语语法复习专题：　非谓语动词 非谓语 功能 形式 动名词 具有名词功能，常在句中作主语，宾语 主动式 doing 被动式 being done 完成式 having done（主）/having been done（被）‎ 现在 分词 表主动和正在进行， 常在句中作定语， 状语，宾补 一般式 doing 完成式 having done ‎ 过去 分词 表被动和已完成，常在句中作定语，状语，补语 一般式 done 进行式 being done ‎ 完成式 having been done 动词 不定式 表将来(现在还未发生)，常在句中作主语，定语，状语，补语，宾语等 一般式 to do（主）/to be done（被）‎ 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done（主）/to have been done（被）‎ 　　动名词和不定式作主语 ‎ ‎1．动名词作主语 ‎①动名词作主语时，表示一般的行为或经常性的动作，也常用于It’s no use/no good/useless/a waste of time doing sth.结构中。‎ Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain. ‎ It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。(动名词短语作主语，it 作形式主语)‎ ‎②．不定式作主语 不定式作主语，常表示具体的动作；若主语较长，常用it作形式主语。‎ It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①It's foolish ____________________________(你相信他说的话)．‎ ‎②It's impossible ____________________________(他做这样的事)．‎ ‎④It's no use ____________________________(你和他争辩)．‎ ‎⑤________(go) abroad is an honour to me.‎ ‎⑥________(take) abroad is an honour to me.‎ 　　动名词和不定式作宾语 ‎ ‎①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语：‎ attempt(企图)，afford(负担得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望)，desire(渴望)，expect，hope，wish，want，volunteer(自愿)，offer(提供)，fail(未能)，plan，care(关心，喜欢)，happen(碰巧)，prepare(准备)，learn(学习)，choose(选择)，hesitate(犹豫)，promise，appear(似乎)，seek(寻觅)，refuse(拒绝)，decide(决定)，determine(决定)，manage(设法)，pretend(假装)，agree ‎(同意)，，intend(想要)，wait(等待)‎ ‎②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语：‎ admit(承认)，deny(否认)，tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不喜欢)，appreciate(感激，欣赏)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受)escape(逃跑，逃避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅)，imagine(想象)，mind(介意)，miss(错过)，finish(完成)，risk(冒险)，，practise(实践)，suggest/advise/recommend(建议)，prevent(阻止)，keep(保持 ‎③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有：‎ have(no/much/some/...) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)，take pleasure in，spend time/money (in)，waste time(in)，be worth，be busy，feel like，‎ ‎④to作为介词的短语有：‎ look forward to，pay attention to，object to＝be opposed to，be devoted to，stick to，get down to(开始认真做)，get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead to＝contribute to(sb. doing/being done)‎ ‎⑤allow，permit，forbid，advise，recommend的用法：‎ allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋doing allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋sb.＋to do如：‎ I don't allow smoking in my room.‎ I don't allow him to smoke in my room.‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①We agreed ________(meet) here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.‎ ‎②The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ________(catch)．‎ ‎③Janey pretended __________(write) when her mother came in.‎ ‎④I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.‎ ‎⑤The doctor advised him ________(stop) smoking.‎ 　　注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词 ‎ ‎①forget to do sth.　　忘记要去做某事(此事未做)‎ forget doing sth.　　忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)‎ remember to do sth.　　记得去做某事(未做)‎ remember doing sth.　　记得做过某事(已做)‎ ‎②stop to do　　停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事 stop doing　　停止正在或经常做的事 go on to do　　继续(去做另外一件事情)‎ go on doing　　继续(原先没有做完的事情)‎ ‎③regret to do sth.　　对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)‎ regret doing sth.　　对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)‎ ‎④try to do　　努力、企图做 try doing　　试验、试一试某种办法 ‎⑤mean to do　　(人)打算，有意要……‎ mean doing　　(物)意味着 ‎⑥can't help (to) do sth.　　不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth.　　情不自禁做某事 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①Don't you remember ________(see) the man before?‎ ‎②I regret ________(inform) you that the meeting has been cancelled.‎ ‎③Let's try ________(do) the work some other way.‎ ‎④I didn't mean ________(hurt) your feeling.‎ ‎⑤I'm so busy that I can't help ________(clean) the house with you.‎ ‎⑥After we finished our homework，we went on ________(review) the new lesson.‎ 　　不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 ‎ ‎①不定式作表语，一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。‎ 动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。‎ ‎②如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。‎ ‎③过去分词作表语，表示“感到，觉得”，现在分词作表语，表示“令人……”。此类词有：embarrass，excite，interest，delight，disappoint，encourage，inspire，please，puzzle，satisfy，surprise，worry，convince等。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①His wish is ________(go) abroad.‎ ‎②His hobby is________(collect) stamps.‎ ‎③The most important thing is ________(negotiate) with them about the future of the plant.‎ ‎④What he should do is ________(work) hard.‎ ‎⑤He felt ________(embarrass)．‎ 　　分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 ‎ ‎（一）下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词＋宾语＋动词不定式)：‎ ask(请，叫)，tell(告诉)，get(使，让)，prefer(喜欢，宁愿)，like(喜欢)，force(强迫)，press(迫使)，require(要求)，request(请求)，advise(劝告)，pray(请求)，remind(提醒)，beg(请求)，invite(吸引，邀请)，command(命令)，order(命令)，intend(想要，企图)，drive(驱赶)，train(训练)，cause(引起)，instruct(指示)，direct(指导)，warn(告诫)，enable(使能够)，need(需要)，urge(激励，力说)，inspire(鼓舞)，encourage(鼓励)，want(想要)，lead(引起，使得)，teach(教)，wish(希望)。‎ ‎(二) 感官动词后接复合宾语的比较 ‎ 感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式。试比较(以see为例)：‎ see＋宾语＋ ‎(二)使役动词make, have, get, let, keep后加复合宾语的比较 ‎(1)make＋宾语＋(2)have＋宾语＋ ‎[关键一点]　have还可用于have sth. to do/to be done结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。‎ ‎ (3) get＋宾语＋ ‎ (4) keep＋宾语＋ ‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①I often hear him ________(sing) the song.‎ I often hear the song________(sing)．‎ I heard him ________(sing) the song when I passed by.‎ I heard the song ________(sing) when I passed by.‎ ‎②I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything ________(take) to your son?‎ I won't have you ________(talk) to him like that!‎ I had him ________(repair) my bike.‎ I had my bike ________(repair)．‎ You shouldn't have the light ________(burn) all the night.‎ 　　分词和动词不定式作状语的区别 ‎ 1. 目的状语常用不定式 ‎ 2.不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前面常加only。现在分词做结果状语常表示自然的结果。‎ ‎3.状语从句前后主语一致时可将从句中的主语和be省略，保留分词 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①________(turn) to the right，you will find the hospital.‎ ‎②________(give) more time，I will finish the work.‎ ‎③________(wait) for a bus，I met a friend of mine.‎ ‎⑤He did all he could ________(help) people in need.‎ 　　不定式和分词作定语的区别 ‎ ‎1不定式作定语，表示将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在发生或主动；过去分词作定语，表示过去或被动。‎ ‎2在warning，ability，failure，determination，wish，decision等词后面用不定式作定语；不定式作定语还可用来修饰序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定语。‎ ‎3[关键一点]　表示心理状态的动词ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”， 也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎1The meeting________(hold) tomorrow is important.‎ ‎2The meeting________(hold) now is important.‎ ‎3The meeting ________(hold) yesterday was important.‎ ‎4On hearing the _________(excite) news, she shouted in an _______(excite) voice.‎ ‎5Tom is always the first ______(come)to school,he has the ability _______(do)the work well.‎ 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，‎ ‎1非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；‎ ‎2找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；‎ ‎3搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。‎ 一、按语法要求填空。‎ ‎1．All the tickets ______ (sell) when they arrived, they went away, disappointed.‎ ‎2．Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ________(send) supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.‎ ‎3．That is the only way we can imagine ________(reduce) the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.‎ ‎4．He had a wonderful childhood, ________(travel) with his mother to all corners of the world.‎ ‎5．Dina, ______________(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.‎ ‎6.There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________________(discover)．‎ ‎7．It rained heavily in the south, ________(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.‎ ‎8．A great number of students ___________(question) said they were forced to practise the piano.‎ ‎9．His first book _______________(publish) next month is based on a true story.‎ ‎10. ________(paint) red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.‎ ‎11．The couple is considering ________ (buy) a 3D TV set for their new flat, which is widely considered to be in fashion.‎ ‎12．______________(tell) many times, he finally understood it.‎ ‎13．At the party, the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself ________ (notice)．‎ ‎ 14．The lady walked around the shops, ________(keep) an eye out for bargains.‎ 15． How ________(begin) is more difficult than where to stop.‎ ‎16．The shop owner will get all these goods ordered ________ (deliver) to the customers today.‎ ‎17．________ (save) energy, we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March. ‎ ‎18. This project ________ (design) to help landless people just didn’t work out as planned.‎ ‎ 19.—How did you know the surprising news?—I happened ________(cover) the event then.‎ ‎20—Where is Jimmy?—Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, ______ (absorb) in his video games. ‎ 二．.语篇填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空)‎ Buying books on the Internet is a great way __1__ (save) time and money.Online bookstores offer new books and __2__ (use) books that can save you a lot of money.What’s more, they are far better __3__ (compare) to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books.You can either click the kind of ebooks online or type the book title and get it in seconds. Another advantage of __4__ (shop) online is that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers’ reviews to get an idea whether the book is worth __5__ (buy). Online bookstores offer great discounts, which is a big attraction for book lovers.‎ For book lovers, it is most important __6__ (get) books in time. Therefore, you need to find a reliable online bookstore that will be able to provide fast deliveries.‎ Here are some tips to use when __7__ (select) an online bookstore. Some online bookstores are popular for fiction books; some are for nonfiction books or novels, etc.__8__ (understand) their specialization will help you to get the right kinds of books in time. Check whether you will be buying the books from a thirdparty seller or directly from the websites.Never __9__ (jump) at stores that offer super cheap prices, as books __10__ (sell) at such low price could be in very bad condition.‎