初三英语推理某段的写作意图及篇章隐含信息题

初三英语推理某段的写作意图及篇章隐含信息题

初三阅读复习课系列 推理信息之推理某段的写作意图及篇章隐含信息题教案 学科：英语 ‎ 授课时间：2014年4月9日 课题：推理某段的写作意图及篇章隐含信息题专题复习课 ‎ 教学目标：‎ ‎1. 通过完成、核对并分析历年模拟题有关推理某段的写作意图及篇章隐含信息 题类试题，学生能够归纳出中考推理某段的写作意图及篇章隐含信息阅读题的 解题思路;‎ ‎2. 通过对不同类型试题解题思路的分析，学生能够明确词汇和长难句翻译对于 阅读的重要性，从而重视词汇复习，并增强做推理某段的写作意图及篇章隐含 信息类试题的信心。‎ 教学内容：‎ 有关推理某段的写作意图及篇章隐含信息类试题的模拟题及中考试题。‎ 教学重点：‎ 学生通过完成推理某段的写作意图及篇章隐含信息类试题, 归纳解题思路。‎ 教学难点：‎ 学生运用合理解题思路，提高解题正确率。‎ 教学手段：黑板、多媒体、粉笔、学案等 教学过程:‎ 一、引入话题 Step1. 了解中考阅读能力考查点 中考阅读考查能力 获取细节信息能力 理解信息能力 推理信息能力 归纳主旨能力 Step2. 通过理解问句明确本节课探究的阅读能力 T:今天我们将探讨其中一种能力题的解题思路和方法，请阅读这组问题，猜一猜咱们将要探究的是哪一项阅读能力。‎ Q1. The expression "hold your ground" probably means “________” ‎ Q2: What does the underlined sentence mean in the passage?‎ Q3: From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that_____.‎ Q4: What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?‎ Q5: What can we infer from the passage?‎ Step3. 明确推断题的不同推断内容 Q:推理题有很多类型，你能迅速说出每个问题所考查的推理内容吗？‎ ‎ 问题 推断内容 Q1. The expression "hold your ground" probably means “________” 词义 Q2: What does the underlined sentence mean in the passage? 句意 Q3: From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that_____.某句隐含的信息 Q4: What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? 某段的写作意图 Q5: What can we infer from the passage? 篇章隐含的信息 Step4. 明确本节课探究的推断题型 ‎2009年 ‎2010年 ‎2011年 ‎2012年 ‎2013年 推断词义 C篇55‎ C篇54‎ D篇57‎ C篇54‎ 推断句意 C篇57‎ C篇58‎ D篇59‎ 推理事实信息 所暗含的意义 D篇 ‎56，58 ‎ D篇 ‎56，58‎ 推断某段写作意图 D篇57‎ 推断全篇写作意图 T: 这是对09-13年5年中考阅读推理题的一个统计，本节课我们重点探讨推断某段写作意图和篇章隐含信息类试题的解题思路。‎ 二、推断某段写作意图类试题 阅读材料1. 2011年北京中考试题D篇57题 Step 1. 学生审题 Q: 首先我们来试试2011年的D篇。拿到题目，我们应该先读文章还是先审题？（Ss:先快速阅读文章，然后审题。）‎ Q: 阅读文章的目的是什么？（Ss:了解文章大意。）‎ Q: 然后审题，审什么？（Ss:审题干，审选项。）‎ Q: 审题之后，我们还能确定什么？（Ss:细读文章第一段）‎ Step 2. 快速阅读文章，了解文章大意 T: 下面你有1分半钟时间阅读文章。‎ T: 能说说这篇文章的大意吗？（Ss：有关网络用语的文章）‎ Step 3. 理解题干和选项含义 T: 你在题干和选项里圈画了什么？选项的主要意思是什么？‎ ‎57. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?第一段的主要目的是什么？‎ ‎ A. To give an example of a foreign language. 为了给出一种外国语言的例子。‎ B. To show an example of creative methods. 为了展示一个创意方法的例子。‎ C. To express worries about using Netspeak.为了表达对使用网络用语的担忧。‎ D. To lead in the topic of Netspeak. 为了引出网络用语的话题。‎ Step 4. 学生完成阅读题 ‎ T: 通过审题干，我们知道完成这个题目，需要细读文章第一段，但是仅读第一段能完成任务吗？（Ss: 不能，还需要阅读第二段。）‎ ‎ T: Now, you’ll have 1 minute to find the answer. When you finish, put up your hand.‎ Step 5. 核对答案 ‎ 请先举手的学生说明答案和依据。‎ T：What’s your answer? What’s your evidence?‎ Students’ possible evidence：‎ 读第一段文章时看不懂什么意思，读第二段时，文章中说：This is Netspeak。再通过刚才快速阅读了解到的文章大意：谈论网络用语，故选D。‎ Step 6. 归纳总结推断某段写作意图题的解题策略 ‎ T：为什么大家能很快地完成这道题？我们先做了什么？我们需不需要细读全文？‎ ‎ 1. 快速阅读文章，了解文章大意；‎ ‎ 2. 审题，圈画信息词，根据题目锁定重点段落；‎ ‎ 3. 细读重点段落，推断段落写作意图。‎ 三、篇章隐含信息类试题 阅读材料2. 2012年北京中考试题D篇58题 Step 1. 布置阅读任务 ‎ T: 下面我们再来看看2012年北京中考试题D篇58题。拿到题目，我们首先要做什么？（Ss: 快速阅读文章，了解文章大意。）‎ ‎ T: I’ll give you one and a half minute to read the passage. What is the passage mainly about? （Ss: 学习成绩与社会能力的关系）‎ Step 2. 审题 ‎ T: 接下来我们做什么？（Ss: 审题干，划信息词，审选项）‎ ‎58. What can we infer from the passage? 从文章中我们能够推断出什么？‎ A. Social skills are as important as high grades.社会能力与高分数一样重要 B. Interest in grades can shake self-confidence.对分数的兴趣会动摇学生的自信心。‎ C. The writer regrets not having studied hard at school.作者后悔没有在学校努力学习。‎ D. Danish educational system is for very smart students.丹麦教育体制为非常聪明的学生设置的。‎ T:‎ ‎ 从题目上看，这道题要求我们从整篇文章中推断出结论。从选项上看，选项中的大部分内容出自文章的第4、5段，特别是第4段。所以，我们可以确定重点细读文章第4、5段。‎ Step 3. 学生完成阅读题 ‎ T: Now, you’ll have 1.5 minutes to find the answer. When you finish, put up your hand.‎ Step 4. 核对答案 ‎ 请先举手的学生说明答案和依据。‎ T：What’s your answer? What’s your evidence?‎ Students’ possible evidence：‎ A选项不正确，因为，第4段最后一句话Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business. 表明：有很好社会能力比学校的高分数更重要。B选项，针对第4段第二句话James suggests showing any interest in grades sends the message that what is important is results and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. James指出对分数的兴趣传达了这个信息，即结果是重要的，而这种思想将使学生产生挫败感，即使他们是聪明的学生也不例外。B选项与文章表达观点相近。C选项，作者在第5段讲述了自己在学校学习时的快乐和学到的东西，而没有表达出后悔的意思。故C不正确。D选项，还是在第4段，He points to the Danish system（体制）of education as a better model. Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business. James指出丹麦的教育体制是一个较好的例子。这段最后一句话是对这句话的进一步解释说明。与D选项不符，故D不正确。‎ Step 5. 归纳总结推断篇章隐含信息题的解题策略 ‎ T：下面我们一起来归纳做此类题目的方法：‎ ‎ 1. 快速阅读文章，了解文章大意；‎ ‎ 2. 审题，圈画信息词，根据选项锁定重点段落；‎ ‎ 3. 细读重点段落，推断篇章隐含信息。‎ 四、拓展与提升 反馈练习： 2012年北京中考D篇56题，2013年北京中考试题D篇58题。‎ 学案 一、中考链接: 请选出正确的答案，并在原文画出依据。‎ 阅读材料1. 2011年北京中考试题D篇 My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY ‎2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 :-@ kids FTF. ILNY, its gr8. ‎ Can you understand this sentence? If you can’t, don’t feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the “translation” of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it’s great. ‎ Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming (破坏) the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students’ writing. They fear the language could become corrupted (面目全非的).‎ Everyone should just relax, say linguists (语言学家). They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University‎ of ‎Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford‎ ‎University, agrees. “People get better at writing by writing,” he says. “Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.”‎ Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today’s teenagers become tomorrow’s parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become “corrupted”; they simply change to meet the new needs.‎ However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, “I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it’s important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.”‎ Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, “I wouldn’t use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun.”‎ ‎57. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?‎ ‎ A. To give an example of a foreign language.‎ B. To show an example of creative methods.‎ C. To express worries about using Netspeak.‎ D. To lead in the topic of Netspeak.‎ 阅读材料2. 2012年北京中考试题D篇 Reading Oliver James’ Affluenza, I thought about what often happens at home. My 12-year-old daughter is in tears. “I have to take a test tomorrow. I don’t understand any of it,” she cries out. After shouting and shutting her door, she calms down enough to go through her notes. The following day I ask her how the test went and she just says “OK．I got a nine”.‎ ‎“Wow, well done!” I say, before she finishes with “But I never get a ten!”‎ According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. To test this, I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was thick. “Well, if I don’t get good grades, I won’t get into university. Then I probably won’t get a good job and I won’t be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff.” ‎ I was quite surprised, because I don’t consider myself a pushy parent. But James suggests showing any interest in grades sends the message that what is important is results and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. He points to the Danish system（体制）of education as a better model. Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business. ‎ For me, I cannot remember the last time I had to work out the area of a circle, recite a Shakespeare poem or grammar rules, yet I have lived a happy life. What I really needed to learn at school was how to make polite conversations, or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality.‎ This is in fact similar to what Oliver James really has in mind. And he is looking for schools where students are encouraged to find and follow their own interests, something more like Tongjon. Tongjon has been developed in some Korean private schools. It is quite different from the more rigid system of learning things by heart that is used in Korea, and indeed in many other school systems around the world. ‎ As the Russian poet Pushkin said, “Inspiration（灵感）is needed in geometry（几何学）just as much as in poetry”, and inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them.‎ ‎58. What can we infer from the passage?‎ A. Social skills are as important as high grades.‎ B. Interest in grades can shake self-confidence.‎ C. The writer regrets not having studied hard at school.‎ D. Danish educational system is for very smart students.‎ 二、拓展与提升 ‎ 反馈练习1. 2012年北京中考D篇 ‎56. What does the writer probably think of his/her daughter? ‎ A. She sets herself a goal too high to reach.‎ B. She should be more polite to her parents.‎ C. She is hard-working but not very bright.‎ D. She takes her grades much too seriously.‎ 反馈练习2. 2013年北京中考D篇 hockey The willful blindness in hockey toward concussions (头部撞击) has dropped. Hockey Canada has followed the lead of USA Hockey in preventing bodychecking (身体拦截) below age 13. A bad head injury of Sidney Crosby, the hockey’s greatest star, opened the eyes of hockey people everywhere. This country’s children have been facing similar danger at early ages, and Hockey Canada had to deal with a deep worry in the minds of Canadians to make the rule change. The liking for bodychecking from an early age is part of what makes Canadian hockey what it is. ‎ The change in rules should be taken as a chance to draw special attention to skill development in an environment free of danger. It may also control the loss of thousands of young players who don’t enjoy that environment. ‎ For years, many Canadian hockey parents and coaches have insisted that bodychecking at early ages is necessary to ensure that players can do it safely at older ages. True or not, there may be a safer way to teach hitting than to make younger players pay a price for it in head injuries. When USA Hockey changed its rules for the 2011-2012 season, it also created bodychecking-education programs that will be mandatory (强制的) for all coaches, including those teaching players in the pre-checking ages. And it began to encourage more “touch” — without real bodychecking — from 9 to 12. It also made the rules for 13 and up stricter. The USA is trying to show that it’s possible to teach hockey protective skills without putting 11 and 12-year-olds in greater danger. It’s worth the try. ‎ Hockey Canada has taken serious steps to do away with hits on the head. However, it’s hard to change a sports culture so connected with who we are as a country. Too often, bodychecking has been used to try to separate a player from his ‎ head rather than from the ball. Children were paying a price for this country’s love of the game. ‎ There are always changes in Canada’s game, and the change in the bodychecking age sends the clearest message yet to coaches and parents that player safety is paramount (至上的) in the game. ‎ ‎58. What can we learn from the passage? ‎ A．The USA found a safer way to teach bodychecking.‎ B．Bodychecking-education programs in the USA are successful.‎ C．Bodychecking is a good way to value players’ skills in the USA.‎ D．The USA has tried to create an environment of less bodychecking.‎