上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷

上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷

‎2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷 II. Grammar and Vocabulary ‎1．（15分）‎ To Be Joyful， To Be Young ‎ What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？ It's probably not what you think． In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research， I （1）　 　（learn） that real keys are pleasure， joy and freedom． Joy of living is sustainable； fear of dying is not．‎ ‎ Why？ Because life is to be enjoyed． There's no point （2）　 　（abandon） something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better， and quickly． When people eat more healthfully，（3）　 　（quit） smoking， and manage stress better， they find they feel so much better， so quickly． It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living．‎ ‎ When you exercise and eat right， your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen， so you become smarter， have more energy， and need less sleep． Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞） （4）　 　（grow） that it actually increased the size of people's brains!‎ ‎ Your face receives more blood flow， so your skin glows more and wrinkles less． You look younger and more attractive． In contrast， an unhealthy diet， lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5）　 　you age more quickly． Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower， （6）　 　decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely． This is why smokers look years older than they really are．‎ ‎ One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than （7）　 　was objectively occurring in their lives． （8）　 　（give） a questionnaire， the women were asked to rate on a three﹣point scale how stressed they felt each day． The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒） compared with （9）　 　who felt more relaxed． Contrarily， some of the women who felt relaxed （10）　 　raising a disabled ‎ child had more normal﹣appearing telomeres．‎ ‎ In other words， if you feel stressed， you are stressed．‎ ‎2．（15分）‎ A． uprising B． original C． frequently D． spectacular E． features F． luxuriously G． captured H． approaches I． inhabited J． matters K． ranks Welcome to Windsor Castle ‎ Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain． Over a period of nearly 1，000 years it has been（1）　 　continuously， and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主） one after the other． Some were great builders， strengthening the Castle against （2）　 　 and rebellion； others， living in more peaceful times， created a grand Royal residence． William the Conqueror chose the site， high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground． It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3）　 　 to the capital． The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the （4）　 　castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s．The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home， where she usually spends the weekend， and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties． Windsor Castle is （5）　 　 used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents． Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter （March﹣April）．‎ ‎ The Castle is huge， so people tend to head for the most（6）　 　bits﹣﹣﹣the State Apartments， St． George's Chapel， the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House． Works of art， antique furniture， curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations． The State Apartments are（7）　 　 decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions．‎ ‎ The magnificent and beautiful St． George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII． It （8）　 　 among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK．‎ ‎ The Drawings Gallery（9）　 　 the exhibition "The Queen： 60 Photographs for 60‎ ‎ Years"． The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10）　 　 in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings．‎ III. Reading Comprehension ‎3．（30分）‎ ‎"Nature and Nurture"‎ ‎ People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed． However， it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not， or why one is cooperative and another is （1）　 　．‎ ‎ Social scientists are of course （2）　 　interested in these types of questions． They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour． There are no clear answers yet， but two （3）　 　 schools of thought on the matter have developed． As one might expect， the two approaches are very different from each other， and there is a great deal of debate between （4）　 　 of each theory． The controversy（争论） is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture"．‎ ‎ Those who（5）　 　the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are （6）　 　determined by biological factors． That our environment has little， if anything， to do with our abilities， characteristics and behaviour is （7）　 　to this theory． Taken to an extreme， this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our （8）　 　．‎ ‎ Supporters of the "nurture" theory， or， as they are often called，（9）　 　， claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act． A behaviorist， B． F． Skinner， sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely（10）　 　 by their surroundings． The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic． They state that， like machines， humans respond to （11）　 　 stimuli（刺激） as the basis of their behaviour．‎ ‎ Socially and politically， the consequences of these two theories are （12）　 　． In the US， for example， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests． This leads some "nature" supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are． Behaviorists，（13）　 　， say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental ‎ advantages that whites enjoy， and that， as a result， they do not develop the same （14）　 　that whites do．‎ ‎ Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour． As a matter of fact， it is quite （15）　 　that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain．‎ ‎（1）A． sensitive B． productive C． competitive D． aggressive ‎（2）A． moderately B． extremely C． reluctantly D． scarcely ‎（3）A． distinct B． reliable C． relevant D． equal ‎（4）A． objectors B． operators C． opponents D． advocates ‎（5）A． claim B． support C． resolve D． inherit ‎（6）A． completely B． largely C． thoroughly D． merely ‎（7）A． sensitive B． open C． central D． subject ‎（8）A． abilities B． capacities C． personalities D． instincts ‎（9）A． experts B． scientists C． environmentalists D． behaviorists ‎（10）A． shaped B． dominated C． oppressed D． restricted ‎（11）A． environmental B． biological C． genetic D． psychological ‎（12）A． temporary B． slight C． fatal D． far﹣reaching ‎（13）A． on the contrary B． as a whole C． after all D． for instance ‎（14）A． habits B． responses C． characteristics D． advantages ‎（15）A． necessary B． impossible C． unreasonable D． likely ‎4．（8分）I'm a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen， but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury's to make ends meet． I do three night shifts a week， plus overtime if I can get it． Monday is the most occupied day for me ﹣﹣ I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights， earning just over £100 a night， and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday． By the time I finish lectures， at 2 pm， I'm exhausted， but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm．‎ ‎ I constantly have to force myself to stay awake， and to be alert， whatever it takes． A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps． The work I do at Sainsbury's is very physical like stacking shelves． I'm lucky because I'm an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym． I know I have the strength to bear it．‎ ‎ I'm originally from Nigeria． I came here when I was seven， growing up in Croydon， south London． Money was tight． My parents gave me everything I needed， but there was no money to spend on luxuries． I worked hard at school though and， with the help of GT Scholars， I got some of the best A﹣level grades in my class．‎ ‎ Unfortunately， though I had applied for "settled" British residential status when very young， the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application． That meant I wasn't eligible for a student loan． The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents， who work in market research， paid for my tuition fees． In Scotland， that's about £7，000 a year．‎ ‎ I don't have much time to socialize because of my job． Ideally， I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course． Yes， I have a lot on my plate， but working hard isn't new to me． Growing up， my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life．‎ ‎ My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS． But right now， I'm just focused on trying to get the best grades I can． Whenever I find life hard， I tell myself this is about my future． I don't need much， but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time． That is what I look forward to the most．‎ ‎（1）Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week？　 　‎ A． To help his parents pay off the debts．‎ B． To pay for his tuition fees．‎ C． To prove his ability to earn money．‎ D． To pay for his own living expenses．‎ ‎（2）The underlined word "eligible" in the passage can be replaced by　 　．‎ A．responsible B． qualified C． feasible D． anxious ‎（3）According to the passage， which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author？　 　‎ A． Sociable．‎ B． Diligent．‎ C． Ambitious．‎ D． Persistent．‎ ‎（4）Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage？　 　‎ A． A penny saved is a penny earned．‎ B． Actions speak louder than words．‎ C． God helps those who help themselves．‎ D． Where there is life， there is hope．‎ ‎5．（6分）‎ Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer？‎ ‎ Should you become a full stack web developer？ What courses should you take to prepare you for the job？ Our courses bring you a step﹣by﹣step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed． Read on to discover if it's the right path for you：‎ ‎ ●What is a Full Stack Web Developer？‎ ‎ A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back﹣end web developing． With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish， a full stack developer can plan， manage， and build software with general know﹣how． A core difference between front and back﹣end developers is that front﹣end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website， while back﹣end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers， applications， and databases．‎ ‎ Combined， they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly． Both skillsets are crucial for being a well﹣rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs． If you like to learn new concepts and ‎ technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you．‎ ‎ ●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is Growing ‎ Because of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer， there are fewer candidates applying for positions， leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates． The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026， which is faster than the average rate for all occupations． With an impressive resume， full stack web developers can make ﹩87，661 on average．‎ ‎ ●Get Started Today ‎ With the help of the course， you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer． You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go．‎ ‎ ●Here's What You'll Learn in the Courses ‎ Build web applications and develop on both the front﹣end and back﹣end stacks ‎ Learn Ruby on Rails， HTML， CSS， and JavaScript ‎ Develop web applications in Javascript using front﹣end framework， Angular， and hybrid mobile applications with Apache Cordova ‎ Design RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration．‎ ‎（1）In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage？　 　‎ A． Arts．‎ B． Science﹣technology．‎ C． Courses．‎ D． Business．‎ ‎（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？　 　‎ A． Front and back﹣end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases．‎ B． Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills．‎ C． The job prospect for web developers isn't promising in the long run．‎ D． You can't start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some ‎ experience beforehand．‎ ‎（3）What is the main purpose of this passage？　 　‎ A． To advertise for full stack web developers．‎ B． To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer．‎ C． To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer．‎ D． To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide．‎ ‎6．（8分）The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck， on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague， may come as a surprise to many． Few outside the Nordic（北欧的） world would recognize the works of this Finnish artist who died in 1946． More people should． The 120 works have at their core 20 self﹣portraits， half the number she painted in all． The first， dated 1880， is of a wide﹣eyed teenager eager to absorb everything． The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost﹣to﹣be．‎ ‎ Prematurely gifted， Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school． "The Wounded Warrior in the Snow"， a history painting， was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17． Schjerfbeck studied in Paris， went on to Pont﹣Aven， Brittany， where she painted for a year， then to Tuscany， Cornwall and St Petersburg． During her 1887 visit to St Ives， Cornwall， Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent"． A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker（柳条编制的） chair， toying with a sprig（小枝条）． The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society． To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental（感伤的） and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished， sad expression on the child's face， which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences． At four， she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered．‎ ‎ In 1890， Schjerfbeck settled in Finland． Teaching exhausted her， she did not like the works of other local painters， and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother． "If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life"， she wrote， "then it is because it has to be that way．" In 1902， Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small， industrial town of Hyvinkaa， 50 kilometres north of Helsinki． Isolation had one desired ‎ effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter． She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother， local school girls， women workers in town．‎ ‎ "I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul， which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves"， she wrote， "where everything is still unconscious ﹣﹣ there one can make the greatest discoveries．" She experimented with different kinds of underpainting， scraped and rubbed， made bright rosy red spots； doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious ﹣﹣ her own and that of her models． In 1913， Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist， Gosta Stenman． Once again she was a success．‎ ‎（1）Schjerfbeck's paintings may come as a surprise to many because　 　．‎ A． her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic world B． her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic world C． her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen them D． her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts ‎（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？　 　‎ A． "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood．‎ B． "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck's sentimental childhood．‎ C． "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck's childhood．‎ D． "The Convalescent" is featured by the child's astonished， sorrowful expression．‎ ‎（3）Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because of　 　．‎ A． she was exhausted by her teaching job B． her personality prefers this kind of style C． she could not appreciate the work of the other local painters D． her mother's health condition required her to adopt such a life style．‎ ‎（4）We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck's paintings is　 　．‎ A． her vivid characterization of common people B． her capture of the characters' soul C． the sorrowful expression of the characters D． her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements ‎7．（8分）‎ A．An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods．‎ B．You are more easily annoyed and bothered．‎ C．It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop．‎ D．Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment， even if you don't like it．‎ E．Without patience， you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling， frustration， hurt feelings．‎ F．If you lack patience， you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing．‎ The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self． The more patient you are， the more accepting you will be of what life is， rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be． Without patience， life is extremely frustrating．（1）　 　 Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life． It's important for inner peace．‎ ‎ （2）　 　 If you are stuck in a traffic jam， late for an appointment， being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax． It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that， in the bigger scheme of things， being late is "small stuff"．‎ ‎ Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice．（3）　 　They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience． Life itself becomes a classroom， and the curriculum is patience． You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time． What you'll discover is truly amazing． Your intention to be patient， especially if you know it's only for a short while， immediately strengthens your capacity for patience． Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself． Once you reach little milestone﹣five minutes of successful patience﹣‎ you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient， even for longer periods of time． Over time， you may even become a patient person．‎ ‎ Being patient will help you to keep your perspective． You will see even a difficult situation， say your present challenge， isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with．（4）　 　．‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎ ‎8．（15分）Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．‎ ‎ A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet． More species of insects exist than all other animal species together． Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years， and may possess the ability to survive for millions more． Insects can be found almost everywhere ﹣﹣ on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams， in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs． They dig through the ground， jump and sing in the trees， and run and dance in the air． They come in many different colours and various shapes．‎ ‎ There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving． Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments． The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans． Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods ﹣﹣ paint， pepper， glue， books， grain， cotton， other insects， plants and animals． Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces．‎ ‎ Also， insects have an enormous reproductive capacity： An African ant queen can lay as many as 43，000 eggs a day．‎ ‎ Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour． An insect may be right before our eyes， but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised（伪装） like a green leaf， lump of brown soil， gray lichen（青苔）， a seed or some other natural object． Some insects use bright， bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad， sting or are poison． Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator， bitter﹣tasting insects； hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them．‎ V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎9．（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）　 　‎ ‎10．（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）　 　‎ ‎11．（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）　 　‎ ‎12．（5分）不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）　 　‎ VI. Guided Writing ‎ ‎13．（25分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．‎ 在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：‎ ‎●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；‎ ‎●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．‎ ‎2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷 参考答案与试题解析 II. Grammar and Vocabulary ‎1．（15分）‎ To Be Joyful， To Be Young ‎ What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？ It's probably not what you think． In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research， I （1）　have learned　（learn） that real keys are pleasure， joy and freedom． Joy of living is sustainable； fear of dying is not．‎ ‎ Why？ Because life is to be enjoyed． There's no point （2）　abandoning　（abandon） something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better， and quickly． When people eat more healthfully，（3）　quit　（quit） smoking， and manage stress better， they find they feel so much better， so quickly． It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living．‎ ‎ When you exercise and eat right， your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen， so you become smarter， have more energy， and need less sleep． Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞） （4）　to grow　（grow） that it actually increased the size of people's brains!‎ ‎ Your face receives more blood flow， so your skin glows more and wrinkles less． You look younger and more attractive． In contrast， an unhealthy diet， lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5）　so　you age more quickly． Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower， （6）　which　decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely． This is why smokers look years older than they really are．‎ ‎ One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than （7）　what　was objectively occurring in their lives． （8）　Given/Having been given　（give） a questionnaire， the women were asked to rate on a three﹣point scale how stressed they felt each day． The women who realized they were under heavy stress had ‎ significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒） compared with （9）　those　who felt more relaxed． Contrarily， some of the women who felt relaxed （10）　without　raising a disabled child had more normal﹣appearing telomeres．‎ ‎ In other words， if you feel stressed， you are stressed．‎ ‎【考点】N6：语法填空．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】文章讲述了好心情对于健康的影响，越快乐心情越轻松的人更容易保持年轻．‎ ‎【解答】1． have learned．考查时态，根据前面的in the past 30 years，可知是段时间，应该使用现在完成时态，故填have learned．‎ ‎2． abandoning．考查非谓语，there be句型中，is是动词，所以后面使用现在分词，放弃你喜欢的东西没有意义，故填abandoning．‎ ‎3． quit．考查动词，when引导的时间状语从句，quit是主句谓语动词，与manage并列，故填quit．‎ ‎4． to grow．考查不定式，cause sb to do sth：使某人做某事，故填to grow．‎ ‎5． so．考查连词，所以你就老的更快，表示递进，故填so．‎ ‎6． which．考查连词，which指代your blood vessel becoming narrower，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which．‎ ‎7． what．考查连词，what引导的宾语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．‎ ‎8． Given/Having been given．考查非谓语，the women与give之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作状语，故填 Given/Having been given．‎ ‎9． those．考查代词，those指代那些人，在定语从句中做主语，故填those．‎ ‎10． without．考查介词，不需要抚养残疾孩子的女性，结合句意以及后面的raising，可知填without．‎ ‎【点评】对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．‎ ‎2．（15分）‎ A． uprising B． original C． frequently D． spectacular E． features F． luxuriously G． captured H． approaches I． inhabited J． matters K． ranks Welcome to Windsor Castle ‎ Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain． Over a period of nearly 1，000 years it has been（1）　I　continuously， and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主） one after the other． Some were great builders， strengthening the Castle against （2）　A　 and rebellion； others， living in more peaceful times， created a grand Royal residence． William the Conqueror chose the site， high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground． It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3）　H　 to the capital． The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the （4）　B　castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s．The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home， where she usually spends the weekend， and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties． Windsor Castle is （5）　C　 used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents． Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter （March﹣April）．‎ ‎ The Castle is huge， so people tend to head for the most（6）　D　bits﹣﹣﹣the State Apartments， St． George's Chapel， the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House． Works of art， antique furniture， curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations． The State Apartments are（7）　F　 decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions．‎ ‎ The magnificent and beautiful St． George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII． It （8）　K　 among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK．‎ ‎ The Drawings Gallery（9）　E　 the exhibition "The Queen： 60 Photographs for 60 Years"． The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10）　G　 in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings．‎ ‎【考点】N8：选词填空．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文介绍了一次照片展览会．这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．‎ ‎【解答】IAHBC DFKEG ‎1．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰．故选I．‎ ‎2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，有些人是伟大的建筑工人，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱．故选A．‎ ‎3．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道．故选H．‎ ‎4．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同．故选B．‎ ‎5．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问．故选C．‎ ‎6．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，城堡很大，所以人们倾向于去最壮观的地方﹣﹣国家公寓．故选D．‎ ‎7．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动．故选F．‎ ‎8．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一．故选K．‎ ‎9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，图片馆展出了"女王：60年来的60张照片"．故选E．‎ ‎10．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．故选G．‎ ‎【点评】本题题型为选词填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑句子大意的前提下，还应该注意句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置．通过这些判断， 以符合题目要求．‎ III. Reading Comprehension ‎3．（30分）‎ ‎"Nature and Nurture"‎ ‎ People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed． However， it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not， or why one is cooperative and another is （1）　C　．‎ ‎ Social scientists are of course （2）　B　interested in these types of questions． They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour． There are no clear answers yet， but two （3）　A　 schools of thought on the matter have developed． As ‎ one might expect， the two approaches are very different from each other， and there is a great deal of debate between （4）　D　 of each theory． The controversy（争论） is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture"．‎ ‎ Those who（5）　B　the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are （6）　B　determined by biological factors． That our environment has little， if anything， to do with our abilities， characteristics and behaviour is （7）　C　to this theory． Taken to an extreme， this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our （8）　D　．‎ ‎ Supporters of the "nurture" theory， or， as they are often called，（9）　D　， claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act． A behaviorist， B． F． Skinner， sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely（10）　A　 by their surroundings． The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic． They state that， like machines， humans respond to （11）　A　 stimuli（刺激） as the basis of their behaviour．‎ ‎ Socially and politically， the consequences of these two theories are （12）　D　． In the US， for example， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests． This leads some "nature" supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are． Behaviorists，（13）　A　， say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy， and that， as a result， they do not develop the same （14）　B　that whites do．‎ ‎ Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour． As a matter of fact， it is quite （15）　D　that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain．‎ ‎（1）A． sensitive B． productive C． competitive D． aggressive ‎（2）A． moderately B． extremely C． reluctantly D． scarcely ‎（3）A． distinct B． reliable C． relevant D． equal ‎（4）A． objectors B． operators C． opponents D． advocates ‎（5）A． claim B． support C． resolve D． inherit ‎（6）A． completely B． largely C． thoroughly D． merely ‎（7）A． sensitive B． open C． central D． subject ‎（8）A． abilities B． capacities C． personalities D． instincts ‎（9）A． experts B． scientists C． environmentalists D． behaviorists ‎（10）A． shaped B． dominated C． oppressed D． restricted ‎（11）A． environmental B． biological C． genetic D． psychological ‎（12）A． temporary B． slight C． fatal D． far﹣reaching ‎（13）A． on the contrary B． as a whole C． after all D． for instance ‎（14）A． habits B． responses C． characteristics D． advantages ‎（15）A． necessary B． impossible C． unreasonable D． likely ‎【考点】M2：社会文化．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】人们很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．本文介绍了两种理论，并且对此提出例子来说明．‎ ‎【解答】CBADB BCDDA ADABD ‎（1）C．形容词词意辨析题．A． sensitive 敏感 B． productive 生产 C． competitive 竞争 D． aggressive 好斗．很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．故选C．‎ ‎（2）B．副词词意辨析题．A． moderately 适度地 B． extremely 非常 C． reluctantly 不情愿地 D． scarcely 几乎不．社会科学家当然对这类问题非常感兴趣．故选B．‎ ‎（3）A．形容词词意辨析题．A． distinct 明显的 B． reliable 可靠的 C． relevant 相关的 D． equal 平等的．目前还没有明确的答案，但在这个问题上已经形成了两种明显的、截然不同的思想流派．故选A．‎ ‎（4）D．名词词意辨析题．A． objectors 反对者 B． operators 经营者 C． opponents 对手 D． advocates 主张．正如人们可能预期的那样，这两种方法截然不同，而且每种理论的支持者之间存在着大量的争论．故选D．‎ ‎（5）B．动词词意辨析题．A． claim 要求 B． support 支持 C． resolve 决定 D． inherit 继承．那些支持"自然"的人，相信我们的个性是由生物因素决定的．故选B．‎ ‎（6）B．副词词意辨析题．A． completely 完全地 B． largely 主要地 C． thoroughly 彻底地 D． merely 仅仅．人的行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的．故选B．‎ ‎（7）C．形容词词意辨析题．A． sensitive 敏感的 B． open 打开 C． central 中心的 D． subject 主题．我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有任何关系，这是这一理论的核心．故选C．‎ ‎（8）D．名词词意辨析题．A． abilities 能力 B． capacities 能力 C． personalities 诽谤 D． instincts 本能．极端地说，这个理论认为，我们的行为在很大程度上是预先决定的，以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配．故选D．‎ ‎（9）D．名词词意辨析题．A． experts 专家 B． scientists 科学家 C． environmentalists 环保主义 D． behaviorists 行为．"后天培养"理论的支持者，或者如他们通常所说的，行为主义者，声称在决定我们如何行动时，我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要．故选D．‎ ‎（10）A．动词词意辨析题．A． shaped 塑造 B． dominated 控制 C． oppressed 压迫 D． restricted 限制．行为学家认为，人类的行为几乎完全是由周围环境塑造的．故选A．‎ ‎（11）A．形容词词意辨析题．A． environmental 环境的 B． biological 生物的 C． genetic 遗传的 D． psychological 心理的．他们指出，就像机器一样，人类对环境刺激的反应是其行为的基础．故选A．‎ ‎（12）D．形容词词意辨析题．A． temporary 暂时的 B． slight 轻微的 C． fatal 致命的 D． far﹣reaching 深远的．在社会和政治上，这两种理论的影响是深远的．故选D．‎ ‎（13）A．词组词意辨析题．A． on the contrary 相反 B． as a whole 总的来说 C． after all 毕竟 D． for instance 例如．相反，行为主义者认为，差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白人享有的许多优势．故选A．‎ ‎（14）B．名词词意辨析题．A． habits 习惯 B． responses 反应 C． characteristics 特征 D． advantages 优势．因此，他们的反应和白人不同．故选B．‎ ‎（15）D．副词词意辨析题．A． necessary 必须的 B． impossible 不可能 C． unreasonable 不合理 D． likely 很可能．事实上，我们行为的关键很可能就在这两个极端之间，争议肯定会持续很长一段时间．故选D．‎ ‎【点评】完形填空试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高．做完型填空首先要通读全文，了解大意．一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容．千万不要看一句，做一句．其次要逐句分析，前后一致．选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等．答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确．‎ ‎4．（8分）I'm a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen， but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury's to make ends meet． I do three night shifts a week， plus overtime if I can get it． Monday is the most occupied day for me ﹣﹣ I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights， earning just over £100 a night， and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday． By the time I finish lectures， at 2 pm， I'm exhausted， but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm．‎ ‎ I constantly have to force myself to stay awake， and to be alert， whatever it takes． A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps． The work I do at Sainsbury's is very physical like stacking shelves． I'm lucky because I'm an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym． I know I have the strength to bear it．‎ ‎ I'm originally from Nigeria． I came here when I was seven， growing up in Croydon， south London． Money was tight． My parents gave me everything I needed， but there was no money to spend on luxuries． I worked hard at school though and， with the help of GT Scholars， I got some of the best A﹣level grades in my class．‎ ‎ Unfortunately， though I had applied for "settled" British residential status when very young， the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application． That meant I wasn't eligible for a student loan． The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents， who work in market research， paid for my tuition fees． In Scotland， that's about £7，000 a year．‎ ‎ I don't have much time to socialize because of my job． Ideally， I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course． Yes， I have a lot on my plate， but working hard isn't new to me． Growing up， my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life．‎ ‎ My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the ‎ NHS． But right now， I'm just focused on trying to get the best grades I can． Whenever I find life hard， I tell myself this is about my future． I don't need much， but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time． That is what I look forward to the most．‎ ‎（1）Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week？　D　‎ A． To help his parents pay off the debts．‎ B． To pay for his tuition fees．‎ C． To prove his ability to earn money．‎ D． To pay for his own living expenses．‎ ‎（2）The underlined word "eligible" in the passage can be replaced by　B　．‎ A．responsible B． qualified C． feasible D． anxious ‎（3）According to the passage， which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author？　A　‎ A． Sociable．‎ B． Diligent．‎ C． Ambitious．‎ D． Persistent．‎ ‎（4）Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage？　C　‎ A． A penny saved is a penny earned．‎ B． Actions speak louder than words．‎ C． God helps those who help themselves．‎ D． Where there is life， there is hope．‎ ‎【考点】OB：人生感悟类阅读．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文写了一名大学生靠着自己的勤工俭学努力学习的故事，专注于努力取得最好的成绩，每当生活困难时，都会告诉自己这是我的未来，前进到最高峰．‎ ‎【解答】1． D．细节理解题．根据第一段句子：but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury's to make ends ‎ meet．但我也每周在塞恩斯伯里大学工作38小时，以维持收支平衡．所以答案选D．‎ ‎2． B．猜测词义题．根据前文句子；though I had applied for "settled" British residential status when very young， the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application．申请了"定居"的英国居住身份，但内政部一直等到我六年级时才批准我的申请．根据下文The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents．我能上大学的唯一办法是，我找到一份能支付我所有生活费和津贴的工作．可见因为身份的问题作者没有资格申请学生贷款．可以猜测单词的意思是B资格，所以答案选B．‎ ‎3． A．推理判断题．根据本文倒数第二段的描述： I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course． Yes， I have a lot on my plate， but working hard isn't new to me．理想情况下，我也希望有更多的时间去学习，这样我就能在我的课程中脱颖而出．可见作者是个勤奋的能够坚持的学生，根据最后一段的句子：My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS．的梦想是明年做一个理疗硕士，然后在国民保健署工作．可见他也是有雄心的，．可见他也是有雄心的，所以他具备B． Diligent．勤奋的；C． Ambitious．有抱负的；D． Persistent能坚持的性格特质；A具有交际性没有提到，故选A．所以选A．‎ ‎4． C．主旨大意题．本文写了一名大学生靠着自己的勤工俭学努力学习的故事，专注于努力取得最好的成绩，每当生活困难时，都会告诉自己这是我的未来，前进到最高峰．所以C选项上帝帮助自助者．符合主旨，故选C．‎ ‎【点评】本文考查细节题为主，细节题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息？或是其变体．搜查信息在阅读中非常重要它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息．在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节．做这类题一般采用寻读法？即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案．‎ ‎5．（6分）‎ Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer？‎ ‎ Should you become a full stack web developer？ What courses should you take to prepare you for the job？ Our courses bring you a step﹣by﹣step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed． Read on to ‎ discover if it's the right path for you：‎ ‎ ●What is a Full Stack Web Developer？‎ ‎ A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back﹣end web developing． With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish， a full stack developer can plan， manage， and build software with general know﹣how． A core difference between front and back﹣end developers is that front﹣end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website， while back﹣end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers， applications， and databases．‎ ‎ Combined， they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly． Both skillsets are crucial for being a well﹣rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs． If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you．‎ ‎ ●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is Growing ‎ Because of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer， there are fewer candidates applying for positions， leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates． The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026， which is faster than the average rate for all occupations． With an impressive resume， full stack web developers can make ﹩87，661 on average．‎ ‎ ●Get Started Today ‎ With the help of the course， you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer． You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go．‎ ‎ ●Here's What You'll Learn in the Courses ‎ Build web applications and develop on both the front﹣end and back﹣end stacks ‎ Learn Ruby on Rails， HTML， CSS， and JavaScript ‎ Develop web applications in Javascript using front﹣end framework， Angular， and hybrid mobile applications with Apache Cordova ‎ Design RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration．‎ ‎（1）In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage？　C　‎ A． Arts．‎ B． Science﹣technology．‎ C． Courses．‎ D． Business．‎ ‎（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？　B　‎ A． Front and back﹣end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases．‎ B． Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills．‎ C． The job prospect for web developers isn't promising in the long run．‎ D． You can't start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand．‎ ‎（3）What is the main purpose of this passage？　C　‎ A． To advertise for full stack web developers．‎ B． To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer．‎ C． To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer．‎ D． To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide．‎ ‎【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文是一篇课程学习广告，目的是吸引更多的人参加课程培训，为以后成为一名全栈网页开发者打好基础．‎ ‎【解答】（1）．C．推理判断题．根据第一段第二三句What courses should you take to prepare you for the job？ Our courses bring you a step﹣by﹣step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed（准备做这项工作你需要参加学习什么课程呢？我们的课程给你提供循序渐进的方法帮助你成为合格的候选人，教你获得成功的所有知识）可知，文章要提供培训学习的课程．故选C．‎ ‎（2）．B．推理判断题．根据文章第四段第一句Because of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer， there are fewer candidates applying for positions， leaving more opportunity for qualified ‎ candidates（由于要成为一名全栈网页开发者需要广泛的知识储备，所以很少有人申请这个职位，录取机会更大．）可知，由于对技能要求过高，很少有求职者申请这个职位．故选B．‎ ‎（3）．C．主旨大意题．根据各段小标题●What is a Full Stack Web Developer？（什么是全栈网页开发者？） ●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is Growing （对全栈网页开发者的需求越来越大） ●Get Started Today ●Here's What You'll Learn in the Courses（课程内容）并结合文章第一段What courses should you take to prepare you for the job？ Our courses bring you a step﹣by﹣step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed（准备做这项工作，你需要参加学习什么课程呢？我们的课程给你提供循序渐进的方法帮助你成为合格的候选人，教你获得成功的所有知识）可知，本文目的是吸引更多的人参加课程学习．故选C．‎ ‎【点评】英语阅读理解的步骤：‎ 第一遍：阅读的第一遍是非常重要的．这一遍讲究的是速度与技巧．先用最快的时间将题迅速扫一遍，了解你需要回答什么，做到一会儿阅读时心中有数．这个时候你就可以胸有成竹地进行第一遍阅读．在第一遍阅读时不要求精，只要求速度．同时在这一遍中，关于文章的主旨等宏观方面的问题就可以解决了．‎ 第二遍：这一遍是文章的精读过程，一般采用随看随做的方法，也就是说，每当你阅读完一段内容，就可以到下面去看看有没有与之相关的问题，同时趁着对该段文章的熟悉去做题．如此下去，在你精读完之后，题也就做完了．‎ 第三遍：这一遍一般放在最后的检查时阅读，一般以你的时间是否充足来决定．检查一般要注意文章的细节，不要因为疏忽出错．‎ ‎6．（8分）The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck， on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague， may come as a surprise to many． Few outside the Nordic（北欧的） world would recognize the works of this Finnish artist who died in 1946． More people should． The 120 works have at their core 20 self﹣portraits， half the number she painted in all． The first， dated 1880， is of a wide﹣eyed teenager eager to absorb everything． The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost﹣to﹣be．‎ ‎ Prematurely gifted， Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school． "The Wounded Warrior in the Snow"， a history painting， was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17． Schjerfbeck studied in Paris， went on to Pont﹣Aven， Brittany， where she painted for a year， then to Tuscany， Cornwall and St Petersburg． During her 1887 visit to St Ives， Cornwall，‎ ‎ Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent"． A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker（柳条编制的） chair， toying with a sprig（小枝条）． The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society． To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental（感伤的） and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished， sad expression on the child's face， which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences． At four， she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered．‎ ‎ In 1890， Schjerfbeck settled in Finland． Teaching exhausted her， she did not like the works of other local painters， and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother． "If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life"， she wrote， "then it is because it has to be that way．" In 1902， Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small， industrial town of Hyvinkaa， 50 kilometres north of Helsinki． Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter． She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother， local school girls， women workers in town．‎ ‎ "I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul， which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves"， she wrote， "where everything is still unconscious ﹣﹣ there one can make the greatest discoveries．" She experimented with different kinds of underpainting， scraped and rubbed， made bright rosy red spots； doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious ﹣﹣ her own and that of her models． In 1913， Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist， Gosta Stenman． Once again she was a success．‎ ‎（1）Schjerfbeck's paintings may come as a surprise to many because　A　．‎ A． her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic world B． her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic world C． her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen them D． her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts ‎（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？　C　‎ A． "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood．‎ B． "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck's sentimental childhood．‎ C． "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck's childhood．‎ D． "The Convalescent" is featured by the child's astonished， sorrowful expression．‎ ‎（3）Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because of　B　．‎ A． she was exhausted by her teaching job B． her personality prefers this kind of style C． she could not appreciate the work of the other local painters D． her mother's health condition required her to adopt such a life style．‎ ‎（4）We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck's paintings is　B　．‎ A． her vivid characterization of common people B． her capture of the characters' soul C． the sorrowful expression of the characters D． her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements ‎【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文介绍著名画家Schjerfbeck的画展和她的成句．‎ ‎【解答】1．A． 细节理解题．根据第一段The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck， on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague， may come as a surprise to many…， The 120 works have at their core 20 self﹣portraits， half the number she painted in all．巡回旅行的最后一段中展出的Helene Schjerfbeck的令人难以忘怀的画作，对许多人来说可能是一个惊喜，120幅作品的核心是20幅自画像，是她所画作品总数的一半，可知她的画在北欧世界很少有人所知，故选A．‎ ‎2．C．细节理解题．根据第二段During her 1887 visit to St Ives， Cornwall， Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent"． A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker（柳条编制的） chair， toying with a sprig（小枝条）． The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society． To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental（感伤的） and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished， sad expression on the child's face， which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences． At four， she fell down a flight of steps and never fully ‎ recovered．可知作者创作这幅画是来源于童年的一次意外，故选C．‎ ‎3．B．细节理解题．根据第三段In 1890， Schjerfbeck settled in Finland． Teaching exhausted her， she did not like the works of other local painters， and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother．1890年，施杰夫贝克在芬兰定居下来．教书使她精疲力竭，她不喜欢其他当地画家的作品，当她在母亲的照顾下，她更加孤立了，可知她的性格让她更喜欢孤独的生活，故选B．‎ ‎4．B． 推理判断题．本文介绍著名画家Schjerfbeck的画展和她的成句，根据文章第二段介绍她的作品中可知她的作品最突出的特点就是她对角色灵魂的捕捉，故选B．‎ ‎【点评】做题的时候要看清要求，要在理解好文意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文章中找到相关细节性的句子从而得出符合文章内容的正确答案．‎ ‎7．（8分）‎ A．An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods．‎ B．You are more easily annoyed and bothered．‎ C．It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop．‎ D．Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment， even if you don't like it．‎ E．Without patience， you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling， frustration， hurt feelings．‎ F．If you lack patience， you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing．‎ The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self． The more patient you are， the more accepting you will be of what life is， rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be． Without patience， life is extremely frustrating．（1）　B　 Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life． It's important for inner peace．‎ ‎ （2）　D　 If you are stuck in a traffic jam， late for an appointment， being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax． It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that， in the bigger scheme of things， being late is "small ‎ stuff"．‎ ‎ Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice．（3）　A　They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience． Life itself becomes a classroom， and the curriculum is patience． You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time． What you'll discover is truly amazing． Your intention to be patient， especially if you know it's only for a short while， immediately strengthens your capacity for patience． Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself． Once you reach little milestone﹣five minutes of successful patience﹣you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient， even for longer periods of time． Over time， you may even become a patient person．‎ ‎ Being patient will help you to keep your perspective． You will see even a difficult situation， say your present challenge， isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with．（4）　E　．‎ ‎【考点】PF：选句填空．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文是一篇选句填空阅读，主要讲述了培养耐心的一些方法，耐心的品质对于创造一个更加和平和充满爱心的自我的目标大有帮助． 你越耐心，你对生活的接受就越多，而不是坚持生活完全按照你的意愿．‎ ‎【解答】1．B．推理判断题．句意：你更容易生气和烦恼．根据下文Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life． It's important for inner peace．可知，耐心为你的生活增添了一些轻松和接受． 这对内心的平静很重要．故选B．‎ ‎2．D．推理判断题．句意：即使你不喜欢，更多的耐心也会让你的心灵开放到现在．根据下文If you are stuck in a traffic jam， late for an appointment， being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax可知，如果你遇到交通堵塞，迟到预约，耐心就意味着在你的思维失控并轻轻提醒自己放松之前，保持自己不要制造精神压力．故选D．‎ ‎3．A．推理判断题．句意：我发现加深自己耐心的有效方法是创造实际的练习期．根据上文Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice．可知，耐心是一种心灵的品质，通过刻意练习可以大大提高．故选A．‎ ‎4．E．推理判断题．句意：如果没有耐心，你会看到同样的场景，紧急情况，大喊大叫，沮丧，伤心．根据上文 You will see even a difficult situation， say your present challenge，‎ ‎ isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with．可知，你会看到即使是困难的情况，比如你目前的挑战，不是"生死"，而只是一个必须处理的小障碍．故选E．‎ ‎【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎ ‎8．（15分）Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．‎ ‎ A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet． More species of insects exist than all other animal species together． Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years， and may possess the ability to survive for millions more． Insects can be found almost everywhere ﹣﹣ on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams， in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs． They dig through the ground， jump and sing in the trees， and run and dance in the air． They come in many different colours and various shapes．‎ ‎ There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving． Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments． The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans． Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods ﹣﹣ paint， pepper， glue， books， grain， cotton， other insects， plants and animals． Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces．‎ ‎ Also， insects have an enormous reproductive capacity： An African ant queen can lay as many as 43，000 eggs a day．‎ ‎ Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour． An insect may be right before our eyes， but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised（伪装） like a green leaf， lump of brown soil， gray lichen（青苔）， a seed or some other natural object． Some insects use bright， bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad， sting or are poison． Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator， bitter﹣tasting ‎ insects； hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them．‎ ‎【考点】R5：读写任务作文．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】高分句型一： First， their adaptive capacities enable them to survive in extreme temperatures and environments．‎ 译文：首先，它们的适应能力使它们能够在极端的温度和环境中生存．‎ 分析：这句话使用enable sb to do sth使某人能做某事．‎ 高分句型二：Last， insects use protective colors to disguise or give warnings so that they successfully fool their enemies．‎ 译文：最后，昆虫使用保护色来伪装或发出警告，以便成功地愚弄敌人．‎ 分析：这句话使用so that句型．‎ ‎【解答】Summary writing Large varieties of insects successfully survive almost anywhere for several reasons．（要点一） First， their adaptive capacities enable them to survive in extreme temperatures and environments．【高分句型一】（要点二） They can live on various foods and hide in tiny places． Second， insects excel at reproduction．（要点三） Last， insects use protective colors to disguise or give warnings so that they successfully fool their enemies．【高分句型二】 （要点四）‎ ‎【点评】这是一篇读写类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来． 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．‎ V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎9．（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）　An inviting smell reminds us of the distant memories．　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．‎ ‎【解答】答案：An inviting smell reminds us of the distant memories．考查汉译英．1．‎ ‎ 因指的是现在的情况，要用一般现在时；2． remind sb． of sth．意为"提醒某人某事"．‎ ‎【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．‎ ‎10．（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）　Everyone should bear/keep in mind that we should treat people the way （in which/that） we want to be treated．　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．‎ ‎【解答】答案：Everyone should bear/keep in mind that we should treat people the way （in which/that） we want to be treated．考查汉译英．1． 因表示的是一般事实，主句从句都要用一般现在时态；2． that we should treat people the way是bear/keep的宾语从句；3． the way作先行词之后的定语从句，当"way"表示"方式、方法"在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句可用that，也可用in which，或什么都不用；4．keep sth． in mind意为"记住"．‎ ‎【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．‎ ‎11．（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）　So absorbed/devoted is he in/to the study of ancient cultures that he has persevered/perseveres in working at the cost of his health these years．　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．‎ ‎【解答】答案：So absorbed/devoted is he in/to the study of ancient cultures that he has persevered/perseveres in working at the cost of his health these years．考查汉译英．1． 因指的是现在的情况，主句用一般现在时态，从句指的是对现在造成的结果或影响，要用现在完成时态；2． so…that引导的从句中，so置于句首时，主句要部分倒装；3． be absorbed in意为"专心于"；be devoted to意为"专心于， 致力于"；at the cost of意为"以 …为代价"．‎ ‎【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．‎ ‎12．（5分）不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）　It won't be long before the Underground/Subway/Metro Line 5 in Fengxian is ‎ open to traffic，which excites the Fengxian people who have been looking/are looking forward to it．　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．‎ ‎【解答】答案：It won't be long before the Underground/Subway/Metro Line 5 in Fengxian is open to traffic， which excites the Fengxian people who have been looking/are looking forward to it．考查汉译英．1． It +be +一段时间+before﹣clause此句型中的"一段时间"通常用long， years， weeks， days， hours， minutes等词语表示．主句中的谓语动词为肯定形式时，意为"过一段时间才…"；主句中的谓语动词为否定形式时，意为"没过多长时间就…"．主句中用was时，before从句中常用一般过去时；主句中用will be时，before从句中常用一般现在时；2． which引导的定语从句表示动作一直在发生，用现在完成进行时或现在进行时；3． look forward to意为"展望，期待（后接动词的ing形式）"．‎ ‎【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．‎ VI. Guided Writing ‎ ‎13．（25分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．‎ 在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：‎ ‎●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；‎ ‎●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．‎ ‎【考点】R1：提纲类．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】高分句型一：The most impressive scene I have seen is in the movie Titanic， where Jack sacrificed for Rose and gave the chance of survival to his lover．‎ 译文：我看过的最令人印象深刻的一幕是在电影《泰坦尼克号》中，杰克牺牲了罗斯，给了他的爱人生存的机会．‎ 分析：这句话使用which引导非限制性定语从句．‎ 高分句型二：Seldom will the give love to people surrounding us， which is selfish．‎ 译文：很少有人会爱我们周围的人，这是自私的．‎ 分析：这句话使用倒装句和which引导非限制性定语从句．‎ ‎【解答】The most impressive scene I have seen is in the movie Titanic， where Jack sacrificed for Rose and gave the chance of survival to his lover． 【高分句型一】I was moved to tears at the scene． （描述你印象深刻的一个场景）‎ In our life， we are loved by families and friends， which supports us through the hard time． However， some of us just want to get love from others． Seldom will the give love to people surrounding us， which is selfish． 【高分句型二】In my opinion， at some point of life， we should also sacrifice our benefit for others， thus enabing our life more meaningful．（说明你对此印象深刻的理由）‎ ‎【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来． 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．‎ 声明：试题解析著作权属菁优网所有，未经书面同意，不得复制发布 日期：2019/4/18 7:50:14；用户：qgjyuser10050；邮箱：qgjyuser10050.21957750；学号：21985056‎