【英语】2018届二轮复习高考阅读理解试题一（科技类含解析）（21页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习高考阅读理解试题一（科技类含解析）（21页）

‎2018届 二轮复习 高考英语阅读理解试题（科技类）‎ ‎(1)‎ The computer is a useful machine. It is the most important invention in many years. The oldest kind of computer is the abacus(算盘), used in China centuries ago, but the first large, modern computer was built in 1946. A computer then could do maths problems quite fast.‎ Today computers are used in many ways and can do many kinds of work. In a few years the computer may touch the life of everyone, even people in faraway villages.‎ In the last few years, there have been great changes in computers. They are getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster, Many scientists agree that computers can now do many things, but they cannot do everything. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow will be like? Will computers bring good things or bad things to people? The scientists of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow.‎ ‎1. The computer is a _______ machine. ‎ A. helpful B. strange C. large D. dangerous ‎2. The first large, modern computer was built about _______ years ago. ‎ A. a few B. forty C. sixty D. eighty ‎3. The computers of today are _______ than before. ‎ A. bigger B. fewer C. smaller D. taller ‎4. Computers can do _______. ‎ A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. lots of things ‎5. The scientists of today _______ how to use the computers of tomorrow. ‎ A. may decide B. must decide C. can make D. needn’t make ‎【答案与解析】本文讲计算机的发展历史。‎ ‎1. A。细节题。根据据第1句话 The computer is a useful machine 可知答案为A。‎ ‎2. C。推断题。第一台计算机是1946年生产的，距今大约60年，所以应选C。‎ ‎3. C。细节题。根据第3段第2句 They are getting smaller and smaller 可知答案为 C。‎ ‎4. D。推断题。根据第2段第1句 Today computers are used in many ways and can do many kinds of work 以及…but they cannot do everything可知答案为D。‎ ‎5. B。细节题。根据最后一句话 The scientists of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow 可知答案为B。‎ ‎(2)‎ Warm water freezes more quickly than cold water. Sir Francis Bacon said that almost four hundred years ago. But few people believed him until 1970. In that year a Canadian scientist George Kill proved the English professor was right. Dr Kill filled an open oil pail(桶) with cold water. He filled another with warm water. He put both in the same low temperature. The warm water froze first. The lack of covers on the pails is the secret. Some of the warm water changed into vapor. This meant that less of the warm water was left to be frozen. And so the warm water froze faster than the cold water even though it had a greater temperature drop to make.‎ ‎1. Hundreds of years ago, Sir Francis Bacon found _______. ‎ A. the temperature of warm water drops faster than that of cold water B. warm water is heavier than cold water C. warm water has the same temperature as cold water D. warm water is not as useful as cold water ‎2. What Sir Francis Bacon said was right, but people didn't believe him until _______. ‎ A. late in the 20th century B. early in the 20th century C. three years ago D. late in the 19th century ‎3. Leave a pail with warm water and another pail with cold water in the same low temperature, you’ll find that _______. ‎ A. cold water freezes first B. warm water turns into ice before cold water C. warm water and cold water freeze at the same time D. much of cold water is changed into air.‎ ‎4. Why does warm water freeze first in the same freezing weather? ‎ A. Because some of the warm water turns to vapor, the amount(数量) becomes less than that of cold water.‎ B. Because warm water is lighter than cold water.‎ C. Because the temperature of warm water is lower than that of cold water.‎ D. Because cold water freezes with more difficulty than warm water.‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文介绍热水比冷水结冰快的现象。‎ ‎1. A。细节题。据第1句和第2句可知答案为A。‎ ‎2. A。细节题。根据 But few people believe him until 1970 可知答案为A。‎ ‎3. B。细节题。根据文章第1句可得得答案为B。‎ ‎4. A。推断题。根据 Some of the warm water changed into vapor. This meant that less of the warm water was left to be frozen 可知答案为 A。‎ ‎(3)‎ If you do not use your arm or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault(过错). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(受责备), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot ‎ read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: Practice remembering.‎ ‎1. The main reason for one is poor memory is that _______. ‎ A. his father or mother may have a poor memory B. He does not use his name or legs for some time C. his memory is not often used D. he can’t read or write ‎2. If you do not use your arms or legs for some time _______. ‎ A. you can’t use them any more B. they will become stronger C. they become weak and won’t become strong until you use them again.‎ D. they will become neither stronger nor weaker ‎3. Which of the following is NOT true? ‎ A. Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.‎ B. Your memory, like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you don’t give it enough chance for practice.‎ C. Don’t learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.‎ D. A good memory comes from more practice.‎ ‎4. Some people can’t read or write, but they usually have better memories, because _______. ‎ A. they have save much trouble B. they have saved much time to remember things C. they have to use their memories all the time D. they can’t write everything in a little notebook ‎5. Which is the best title for this passage? ‎ A. Don’t Stop Using Your Arms Or Legs B. How To Have a Good Memory C. Strong Arms And Good Memories D. Learn From the People ‎【答案与解析】本文讲述有关记忆力的一些知识。‎ ‎1. C。推断题。根据When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it 可推出答案为C。‎ ‎2. C。根据 When you start using them again they slowly become strong again 可知答案为C。‎ ‎3. C。根据文章内容，A、B、D项均正确，只有C项错误，所以选择C。‎ ‎4. C。根据 This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things 和 …so their memory is the whole time being exercised可知答案为C。‎ ‎5. B。本文主要讲记忆力不是天生的，而是靠后天培养的，所以应该选择B。‎ ‎(4)‎ When Johnson called again, the manager received him very politely. “That is a most remarkable oil you brought us, Mr Johnson,” he said. Johnson nodded his smooth, dark head. That was something he knew very well. “I’ve never seen anything like it,” the manager admitted. Johnson nodded again. “No?” he said politely. Then he added, “But I think you will, sir. A very great deal of it.” He appeared to think for a moment. “I think you will find it will be on sale seven, perhaps, eight years from now.” He smiled. ‎ The manager thought that was uncertain. He said, “It is better than our fish oils. I admit that.” ‎ ‎“So I am told, sir,” agreed Johnson. ‎ ‎“Have you any plans to produce it yourself, Mr Johnson?” ‎ ‎“Would I be showing it to you if I had?” Johnson smiled again.‎ ‎“We might add some chemicals to one of our own fish oils,” said the manager. “It would be expensive to do that, even if you could,” Johnson said gently. “Besides,” he added, “I am told that this oil will be much cheaper than your best fish oils. Cheaper than any vegetable oil, in fact.” ‎ ‎“Perhaps,” said the manage. “Well, I suppose you want to make an arrangement, Mr Johnson. Shall we discuss it?” ‎ ‎“Of course,” said Johnson. “There are two ways of dealing with a situation of this sort. The usual one is to prevent it altogether or at least to delay it as long as possible. That is, of course, the best way.” The manager nodded. He knew plenty about all that. ‎ ‎“But I am so sorry for you, because, you see, that is not possible this time.” The manager had his doubts, but all he said was an inquiring(asking), “Oh?” ‎ ‎“The other way,” continued Johnson, “is to produce yourself before the trouble starts.” ‎ ‎1. The manager thought of adding chemicals to the fish oil to make it _______. ‎ A. cheaper than the new oil B. more quickly C. more expensive D. as good as the new oil ‎2. Johnson’s new oil would be _______. ‎ A. more expensive than fish oil, but better ‎ B. less expensive, and better C. less expensive, but not good ‎ D. more expensive, and not so good ‎3. Johnson expressed his regret that the manager _______. ‎ A. could not stop the new oil being made ‎ B. would never know how to make it C. had spent a lot of money on it ‎ D. didn’t know enough about it ‎4. Johnson showed his new oil to the manager because he wanted _______. ‎ A. to produce it himself B. to prevent it being produced C. to be paid not to produce it D. the manager to produce it ‎【答案解析】本文讲述了科技产品开发者寻求生产商投资生产的问题。‎ ‎1. D。细节题。根据第 2 段 …It is better than our fish oils 和第 6 段 …We might add some chemicals to our own fish oils 可知它的目的是 D。‎ ‎2. B。 细节题。根据第 6 段的 …this oil will be much cheaper than your best fish oils 和第 2 段的 …It is better than our fish oils 可推知答案为 B。‎ ‎3. A。细节题。根据倒数第 2 段 But I am so sorry for you, because, you see, that is not possible this time 可知 D 为正确选项。‎ ‎4. D。推断题。根据最后一段及全文的分析可知 Johnson 的目的是想要该经理生产 …the new oils，故选 D。‎ ‎(5) ‎ Can you remember the first time you learned to ride a bike or drive a car? Learning these skills changed your life forever and opened up new horizons. Learning about computers can be like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car. Once you have invested the time to master the skills, you will never go back to the old days. The new technology is simply too convenient and too powerful. ‎ Technological developments through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort. We have continuously looked for better ways of doing things. Each invention and new development has allowed us to extend our capabilities. Today we see one of the most dramatic technologies ever developed—the computer. It extends the capabilities of our minds. ‎ Computers have saved organizations millions of dollars. Furthermore, these same computer systems have opened up new opportunities that would have gone undiscovered or neglected. The computer may multiply what we can do, and the return on investment is high. The growth of computer usage is surprising. On the other hand, the computer can do serious damage. Invasion of privacy(侵犯隐私), fraud(欺诈), and computer-related mistakes are just a few shocking examples. ‎ The computer is like a double-edged sword. It has the ability to cut us free from some activities, but it can also cut deep into profits, personal privacy, and our society in general. How it is used is not a function of technology. It is strictly a function of how people decide to use or misuse this new technology. The choice is yours, and only through a knowledge of computer systems will you be able to avoid the dangers while enjoying the many, many benefits of the computer age. ‎ ‎1. The writer thinks learning about computers is like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car because _______. ‎ A. it is simple and practical B. it needs a lot of practice C. it leads people to new life experiences D. it takes much time to master the skills ‎2. According to the passage, computers bring people the following benefits except _______. ‎ A. avoiding mistakes B. saving money C. making money D. opening up opportunities ‎3. According to the writer, the bad effects of computers can be avoided if we _______. ‎ A. have sound knowledge of computer systems B. tell people not to misuse computers C. have strict rules over the use of computers D. make more investments in the technology ‎4. This passage is probably written for _______. ‎ A. computers B. computer producers C. computer learners D. computer programmers ‎【答案解析】本文讲述了电脑的巨大作用和学会电脑的益处及相关的注意事项。‎ ‎1. C。细节题。根据第 1 段 …Learning these skills changed your life forever and opened up new horizons. Learning about computers can be like learning how to rid a bike or drive a car 可知 C 为正确答案。‎ ‎2. A。细节题。根据第 3 段 …Invasion of privacy, fraud, and computer-related mistakes are just a few shocking examples 可知电脑是不能避免错误的，故 A 为正确答案。‎ ‎3. A。细节题。根据最后一段 …The choice is yours, and through a knowledge of computer systems will you be able to avoid the dangers… 可知 A 才是所需要的条件。‎ ‎4. C ‎。推断题。从作者所列出的电脑的种种好处和一些注意事项来看，本文是写给电脑初学者的，故答案为 C。‎ ‎(6)‎ Perhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it, do you know? The Internet is a network. It uses the telephone to join millions of computers together around the world.‎ Maybe that doesn’t sound very interesting. But when you’ve joined to the Internet, there are lots and lots of things you can do. You can send E-mails to your friends, and they can get them in a few seconds. You can also do with all kinds of information on the World Wide Web (WWW).‎ There are many different kinds of computers now. They all can be joined to the Internet. Most of them are small machines sitting on people’s desks at home, but there are still many others in schools, offices or large companies. These computers are owned by people and companies, but no one really owns the Internet itself.‎ There are lots of places for you to go into the Internet. For example, your school may have the Internet. You can use it during lessons or free time. Libraries often have computers joined to the Internet. You are welcome to use it at only time.‎ Thanks to the Internet, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. It is possible for you to work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the information you need. You can buy or sell whatever you want by the Internet. But do you know 98% of the information on the Internet is in English? So what will English be like tomorrow?‎ ‎1. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. Internet. B. Information. C. Computers. D. E-mails.‎ ‎2. Which is the quickest and cheapest way to send messages to your friends?‎ A. By post. B. By E-mail. C. By telephone. D. By satellite.‎ ‎3. Which may be the most possible place for people to work in tomorrow?‎ A. In the office. B. At school. C. At home. D. In the company.‎ ‎4. Whose the owner of the Internet?‎ A. The headmaster. B. The officer. C. The user. D. No one.‎ ‎5. What does the writer try to tell us with the last two sentences?‎ A. English is important in using the Internet.‎ B. the Internet is more and more popular.‎ C. Most of the information is in English.‎ D. Every computer must have the Internet.‎ ‎【答案与解析】这是一篇关于 Internet 的说明文，它介绍了什么是Internet，Internet 的用途，它的贡献等等。‎ ‎1. A。主旨题。文章的每一段都谈到了 Internet，所以我们可以推断文章的主要内容是 Internet。‎ ‎2. B。细节题。在第2段中谈到 You can send E-mail to your friends, and they can get them in a few seconds，相比其他选项，E-mail 当然是最快的。‎ ‎3. C。细节题。最后一段的第2句讲到 It’s possible for you to work at home with a computer in front，所以明天我们极有可能 at home 工作了。‎ ‎4. D。判断题。根据全文我们得知，我们可以在 school, libraries, home 等地方使用 Internet，所有的拥有者是大家，并不是某一个人或某一行业的从业者。‎ ‎5. A。推断题。最后两句告诉我们：98% of the information on the Internet is in English，也就是说英语在 Internet 的应用是非常广泛，非常重要的，除 A 选项外，没有一个选项能全部概括这句话的意思。‎ ‎(7)‎ ‎ In most towns today, you can see teenagers standing over electronic machines with flashing lights, shooting at spaceships from other planets and dropping bombs on strange monsters(恶魔). The machines have names like Space Warrior, Dark Invader and so on. It used to be believed that damage was done only to those strange visitors from outer space, but now it seems that they are striking back. ‎ Many teenagers like electronic games so much that they can’t stop playing. They spend hours tightly holding the joystick controls and constantly pressing buttons ‎ marked “fire”. They develop pains on their fingers because of the constant pressure. They play and play that the pains have no chance to cure properly. The rapid wrist movement required to guide the spaceship across the screen causes another problem: The muscles of the wrist and arm become so inflamed and swollen(充血红肿) that they press against the bones. This condition is what doctors now call “Space Warrior’s Wrist”.‎ Other strange aches and pains also are likely to affect the elbows and shoulders. ‎ Another even more alarming problem is shown by the case of a 17-year-old girl which was recently reported in the British Medical Journal. She had been playing various kinds of electronic games for more than two hours a day. Her father repaired games and machines and she could use the cassettes and systems in his workshop as often as she liked. One day, after playing a game called Dark Invader, she lost consciousness(晕倒) and fell to the floor. ‎ Doctors who examined her found she was suffering from an unusual illness caused by lights flashing at a particular frequency. ‎ ‎1. Electronic games are found very popular with _______. ‎ A. people living in towns ‎ B. students studying in high schools C. girls working in their father’s workshops ‎ D. young people ‎ ‎2. “Space Warrior’s Wrist” is caused by _______. ‎ A. constantly pressing the buttons ‎ B. rapidly moving across the screen C. tightly holding the joystick controls ‎ D. inflamed and swollen muscles of the wrist ‎3. The case of a 17-year-old girl given by the writer shows that the writer _______. ‎ A. supports playing electronic games ‎ B. feels very sorry for the girl C. disagreed with young people’s playing electronic games D. feels worried about young people’s poor health ‎4. From the passage we can conclude that playing electronic games is _______. ‎ A. enjoyable and helpful to the study B. exciting but harmful to the health and study C. interesting but harmless to the eyes ‎ D. amusing and satisfying ‎(1—4 DACB)‎ ‎【答案解析】本文介绍了电游对青少年学生的吸引及由此带来身体等方面的危害。‎ ‎1. D。细节题。根据 In most towns today, you can see teenagers standing… 可知答案选 D。(注：teenagers 指十几岁的青少年)‎ ‎2. A。细节题。 根据第2段 They develop pains on their fingers because of the constant pressure…This condition is what doctors now call “Space Warrior’s Wrist” 可知其根源是不停地压按钮，故选答案 A。‎ ‎3. C。推断题。根据Another even more alarming problem is shown by the case of a 17-year-old girl which was recently reported in the British Medical Journal 可知作者把这个情况称为更加令人惊恐的，显示了作者不赞同青少人玩电游，故选 C。‎ ‎4. B。推断题。阅读全文可知玩电游的主要是正处于长身体和学习的青少年，玩电游富于刺激，但是侵占了学习时间，还会得 “Space Warrior’s Wrist” 等病，损害了身体健康，故选答案 B。‎ ‎(8)‎ Experiments aboard the spaceship Columbia have disproved a theory on the human nervous system which won an Austrian professor a Nobel prize 79 years ago.‎ West German astronaut Ulf Merbold disproved the theory during tests aboard the spaceship yesterday. His discovery is connected with the workings of the inner ear, the body’s balance mechanism(机制).‎ In l914 Professor Robert Barany won the Nobel prize for Physiology(生理学) and Medicine when he announced that temperature differences affected the inner ear ‎ and caused the eyes to blink(眨眼). His theory was accepted by scientists.‎ But Merbold carried out tests to find if the theory was correct and shocked himself and space officials when he proved it wrong.‎ According to Barany’s theory the eyes would blink when cold air was blown into one ear and hot air blown into the other.‎ But if this theory was correct such a movement would be impossible in zero gravity.‎ Both Merbold’s eyes continually blinked when the test was carried out.‎ ‎1. Tests were carried out in outer space in order to _______. ‎ A. find what causes the eyes to blink　　‎ B. shock the world C. prove the theory 　　　　　　　　‎ D. disprove the theory ‎2. Barany’s theory declared to prove _______.‎ A. how our hearing mechanism works　　　　‎ B. why we constantly move our eyes C. that eye movement is affected by temperature　　‎ D. how hearing reacts(反应)‎ ‎3. Barany’s theory was proved incorrect in space by the effects of _______.‎ A. having no weight B. having no air　　‎ C. the pull of gravity D. hot and cold air streams ‎【答案与解析】本文报道西德的宇航员通过实验证明79年前Nobel prize得主Barany教授的理论错误。‎ ‎1. C。细节题。根据第4段第1句Merbold carried out tests to find if the theory was correct可推知此题答案为C。‎ ‎2. C。细节题。根据第4段第1句temperature differences affected the inner ear and caused the eyes to blink(眨眼)可推知此题答案为C。‎ ‎3. A。细节题。根据一般常识，在太空中是没有地球引力以及文章倒数第2段中的 zero gravity 可推知此题答案为A。‎ ‎(9)‎ Scientists are developing a new kind of machine to take the place of humans. These machines can do jobs in places that are too dangerous for humans. For example, they are being developed to work in nuclear power center, deep under the oceans and in outer space.‎ John Marrit, a psychologist(心理学家) in Williamsburg Massachusetts, helped develop the new machine. This is how they work. A machine is placed in an area far away from the person who operates it. The person wears special hard hat with television screens and sound equipment. The screens and sound equipment let the person see and hear exactly what the machine is seeing and hearing. Mr. Marrit says this gives the person the feeling of being in the same place as the machine. The idea, he says, is being there without going there. The person uses an electronic control to make the machine move. The machine copies the person’s movements exactly. If the person raises his right arm, the machine raises the right arm, too. This means an expert can do a dangerous job while staying in the safe place. For example, a person can direct the machine to destroy a bomb without going near the bomb himself.‎ ‎1. The new kind of machine being introduced in the passage is _______.‎ A. in existence                      B. only an idea C. being tried out                   D. being researched and developed ‎2. The machine _______.‎ A. follows the person’s order      ‎ B. is controlled by a computer C. does exactly what the person does   ‎ D. is controlled by a television on the person’s head ‎3. The difference between such a new machine and a robot is that _______.‎ A. the new machine is more difficult to make than a robot ‎       B. the new machine is more difficult to be controlled ‎       C. a robot is controlled by man indirectly D. a robot can’t be used in places too dangerous or faraway ‎【答案与解析】科学家正在开发一种代替人的机器，这种机器能代替人们从事一些危险的工作。‎ ‎1. D。判断题。从第1句话Scientists are developing a new kind of machine to take the place of humans 可以看出，既然是正在开发当中，那肯定还未形成。‎ ‎2. C。语义理解题。从第2段中的The machine copies the person’s movements exactly 可以明显看出为什么选C的原因。A项有一定的干扰性，但这种机器是人通过电控开关控制的，所以应排除。‎ ‎3. A。判断题。这种机器还在开发当中，而机器人则有几十年历史了，由此可以肯定答案应该选A。‎ ‎(10)‎ Honeybees Honeybees can do three kinds of jobs. ‎ The honeybee is one of the most unusual insects in the world. Bees are special because they divide up their work. Each bee has a certain job to do. ‎ The busiest bee is the worker. Workers build the nest, called a hive. Inside the hive, workers make a honeycomb from wax(蜂蜡). They store honey there for food. Workers are always cleaning and fixing the hive. They even stand at the opening and fan their wings to cool the hive. Worker bees will attack anything—even people—to keep their hive safe. ‎ Another kind of bee is the drone(雄蜂). Drones are male bees, and their job is to fly with the queen bee and mate with her. After the queen mates, the worker bees drive the drones away. The drones then starve to death. ‎ The third kind of bee is the queen. Each hive needs only one queen, and her job is laying eggs. She can lay as many as 2, 000 eggs a day. ‎ ‎1. The bee’s nest is called a _______. ‎ A. drone B. honeycomb C. hive D. wax ‎ ‎2. Wax is used to make the _______. ‎ A. nest B. honeycomb C. fan D. hive ‎ ‎3. Which jobs do workers do?‎ A. They lay 2, 000 eggs each day and build a nest. ‎ B. They mate with the queen bee and then starve. ‎ C. They clean the hive and keep it cool. ‎ D. They attack the queen bee. ‎ ‎4. According to the story, bees _______. ‎ A. are very dangerous insects ‎ B. will attack anything or anyone to protect the hive, if necessary ‎ C. are like any other insect that flies ‎ D. eat each other as food ‎ ‎5. The drone is driven away when its job is finished, because _______. ‎ A. it attacked the workers ‎ B. it is no longer needed in the hive ‎ C. the queen bee has died ‎ D. it ate the queen bee ‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文介绍了蜜蜂社会的分工及生活情况。‎ ‎1. C。细节题。根据句子Workers build the nest, called a hive可推知此题答案为C。‎ ‎2. B。细节题。根据句子Inside the hive, workers make a honeycomb from wax可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎3. C。细节题。根据第3段第3句和第4两句工蜂总是打扫蜂房，用翅膀扇凉蜂房可推知此题答案为C。‎ ‎4. B。细节题。根据文章第3段最后一句：工蜂为了保护蜂房的安全会对包括人类在内的任何东西进行攻击。由此可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎5. B。推断题。根据文章第4段所说雄蜂的工作就是跟蜂后交配，任务完成后，它已无存在的必要，于是，就被工蜂赶走饿死。由此可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎(11)‎ American doctors say that mothers who smoke cigarettes before their babies are born may slow the growth of their babies’ lungs. They say reduced lung growth could cause the babies to suffer breathing problems and lung disease later in life. Doctors in ‎ Boston, Massachusetts studied 1 100 children. The mothers of some of the children smoked, the other mothers did not. Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% less developed than the lungs of the children whose mothers did not smoke, and that the children whose mothers smoked developed 20% more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life.‎ Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of developing lung cancer if their mothers smoked. The study also showed that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father’s smoking did not affect a child’s chance of developing lung cancer.‎ ‎1. Mother who smokes before her child is born may _______.‎ A. slow the growth of her baby’s lung B. cause her baby to suffer breathing problems and lung disease later in life ‎ C. make her child develop lung cancer D. All of above are right ‎2. Doctors in Boston studied 1 100 children to _______.‎ A. examine whether these children were healthy B. find out whether their mothers had smoked C. find why these children suffered breathing problems and lung disease D. look into the effect that mother’s smoking had on their children ‎3. Suppose John’s father was a heavy smoker, so was Mary’s mother. According this passage, _______.‎ A. John is more likely to develop lung cancer B. Mary is more likely to develop lung cancer C. John and Mary have the same chance to develop cancer D. neither John nor Mary has the chance to develop cancer ‎4. This passage is to _______.‎ A. warn us of the danger of smoking before children B. warn people with breathing problems not to smoke C. warn us that mothers who smoke may affect their children’s health D. warn us that fathers who smoke may affect their children as mothers ‎【答案与解析】本文介绍了母亲吸烟对孩子身体健康的影响。‎ ‎1. D。推断题。根据文章第 1 段第一、二句及第 2 段第 1 句可推知此题答案为 D。‎ ‎2. D。推断题。根据文章第 1 段中介绍 Doctors in Boston 的实验结果，可推知此题答案为 D。‎ ‎3. B。推断题。文章第 2 段说：最近另一项研究发现，如果母亲吸烟，那么孩子得肺癌打骂能性会增大。研究还表明：儿子得肺癌的危险性增加，而女儿没有；父亲吸烟对小孩得肺癌的可能性无影响，从而可推知此题答案为 B。‎ ‎4. C。主旨题。根据文章第 1 句、最后一句及全文内容可推知此题答案为 C。‎ ‎(12)‎ You can not see any object unless light from that object gets into your eyes. Some of the things you see give off light of their own. The sun, the stars, a lighted lamp are examples that can be seen by their own light. Such things are luminous. Most of the things you see are not giving off light of their own. They are simply reflecting light that falls on them from the sun or some other luminous bodies. The moon, for example, does not give off any light of its own. It is non-luminous. You see it because sunlight falls on it and some of it reflects in our direction. So moon light is only second hand sunlight.‎ When you look at a book, it sends to your eyes some of the light which falls on it, and you see the book. If light could be kept out from where you are so that there would be no light for the book to reflect, then you could not see the book even with your eyes wide open.‎ Light travels so fast that the time in which it travels from the book you are reading to your eyes is so short as if there were no time at all. Light reaches us from the moon, which is about 380 000 kilometers away, in only a little more than a second.‎ ‎1. You can see the book because_______.‎ A. your eyes are close to it B. it reflects some of the ‎ sunlight C. it has light of its own D. your eyesight can get to it ‎ ‎2. The underlined word “luminous” means_______. ‎ A. visible B. all colors C. giving off light D. sunlight ‎3. ________ have light of their own.‎ A. The sun and the moon B. The stars and the earth ‎ C. The sun and the stars D. The moon and the earth ‎4. Which of the following is true?‎ A. All the things you can see give off light.‎ B. Light from the book is much shorter than that from the moon.‎ C. The moment you open your eyes the light from the book travels to your eyes.‎ D. Light travels so fast that there is no time for you to read.‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文介绍了光的种类及其特征。‎ ‎1. B。细节题。根据文章第文章第 2 段第 1 句 …it sends to your eyes some of the light which falls on it可推知此题答案为 B。‎ ‎2. C。词义猜测题。根据文章第 2 段第 2 句 Some of the things you see give off light of their own 和第 4 句 Such things are luminous 可推知此题答案为 C。‎ ‎3. C。推断题。根据文章第 1 段第 3 句 The sun, the stars, a lighted lamp are examples that can be seen by their own light可推知此题答案为 C。‎ ‎4. C。推断题。根据文章最后一段第 1 句 Light travels so fast that the time in which it travels from the book you are reading to your eyes is so short as if there were no time at all 可推知此题答案为 C。‎ ‎（13）‎ As people continue to grow and age, our body systems(系统) continue to change. At a certain point in your life your body systems will begin to weaken. Your strength may become weaker. It may become more difficult for you to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In order to live longer, we have always tried to slow or stop this ‎ change that leads us toward the end of our lives.‎ Many factors(因素) decide your health. A good diet plays an important role. the amount and type of exercise you get is another factor. Your living condition is yet another. But scientists studying aging problem want to know: Why do people grow old? They hope that by studying the aging medical science they may be able to make the length of life longer.‎ There is nothing to be afraid of as old age comes. Many consider the later part of life to be the best time for living. Physical activity may become less, but often you get better understanding of yourself and the world.‎ What we consider old age now may only be middle-aged some day soon. Who knows, with so many advances in medical science happening so quickly, life length may one day be measured in centuries, rather that in years!‎ ‎1. When people become aging, they will lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury, “bounce back” here means _______. ‎ A. to escape from disease and injury ‎ B. to improve one’s health after one’s disease and injury ‎ C. to jump backward D. to run fast ‎ ‎2. Many consider the later part of life to be the best time of living because ______. ‎ A. they consider their life has been a successful one ‎ B. they have come through the battle of life safely ‎ C. they have less misunderstanding of themselves and the outside world ‎ D. they have nothing to do all day long only to watch their grandchildren growing up around them ‎ ‎【答案与解析】人人都会变老，但不用害怕。随着医药科技的高速发展，将来人的年龄会以世纪计算呢。‎ ‎1. B。词义猜测题。人老了，就会丧失一些机能，如果得了病或受了伤，当然会难以恢复或愈合。‎ ‎3. C。语义理解题。因为第3段最后一句话…but often you get better understanding of yourself and the world。‎