【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十五（18页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十五（18页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十五 ‎[一]‎ Coke was introduced by the Coca Cola company in 1886, making it a favorite of generations of people in over 200 countries. This list should give you some ideas on how to get more from your coke than usual.‎ Coca Cola is an excellent rust buster (除锈剂).If you have a bunch of small rusty objects, put them in coke overnight and give them a good scrub in the morning. Coke helps to break down the rust, making cleaning much easier. Be sure to throw out the used coke when you are done with it or you might be taking a trip to the doctor.‎ Like the previous item, the citric acid (柠檬酸) in coke can be an excellent window cleaner. This is especially useful for car windows. Pour a can of coke over the window and rub the window, and then wipe it off with a wet cloth to remove any sugary matter in the drink. As coke is full of sugar, you should clean the sticky matter off the window, or it will be not a cleaner but a dirt.‎ For those of you who live in areas where skunk (臭鼬) smells can be an issue from time to time, one can of coke added to water with detergent (清洁剂) really helps to break the smell down. If you have been sprayed, stand in the shower and cover yourself from head to toe with coke—wait for a few minutes, and then wash yourself with a shower. Coke is an excellent hair treatment so you get two tips for the price of one with this item!‎ Pots can sometimes get black on the bottom. The black is almost impossible to remove; this is caused by over-cooking. To remove the black and renew your pot, pour in a can of coke (or as much as you need to cover the blackened area by an inch) and put it on the stove on a low heat. After an hour or so, wash the pot as normal.‎ ‎【语篇导读】可乐是一种受大众喜爱的饮品,除此之外它还有其他妙用。‎ ‎1. What does the underlined word “scrub” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A. Start. B. Clean.‎ C. Shake. D. Move.‎ 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。由下一句“Coke helps to break down the rust,making cleaning much easier.”可知,scrub在这里是“擦洗”的意思。‎ ‎2. What is important while using coke to clean car windows?‎ A. Use a dry cloth.‎ B. Rub the window lightly.‎ C. Don’t pour too much coke.‎ D. Clean the sugary matter thoroughly.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第三段中的“wipe it off with a wet cloth to remove any sugary matter in the drink”可知,可乐里面有糖分,要确保把这些黏性大的糖分全部擦掉。‎ ‎3. For which purpose does coke have to be mixed with other material?‎ A. To get rid of the black on the pot.‎ B. To break down the rust.‎ C. To remove smells.‎ D. To clean windows.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第四段中的“one can of coke added to water with detergent(清洁剂) really helps to break the smell down”可知,除臭的时候可将可乐与清洁剂配合使用。‎ ‎4. What type of writing is this text?‎ A. An advertisement. B. A review.‎ C. A news report. D. A practical guide.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。这篇文章介绍可乐的妙用,属于实践指导类的文章。‎ ‎[二]‎ Smartphones have been blamed for everything from taking drivers’ attention from driving to keeping people on the sofa scrolling (滚屏) videos. But the smartphone that seems to be everywhere could just easily increase physical activities if it pushes its owner’s buttons in the right way.‎ New research shows that making social connections through activity-tracking apps gets people to move more. And a separate study on this summer’s “Pokemon Go” phenomenon shows that the smartphone game got players to take more steps than usual. Together, the studies show the potential for smartphones to push a range of people to be more active.‎ People who linked with friends on the activity-tracking app increased their steps by 400 a day on average, compared with people who made no social connections, according to Tim Althoff and two other computer scientists at Stanford University. The effect of social connections declined, but ‎ remained significant for five months before the numbers fell back even with users who made no connections.‎ Such insights show the promise of smartphones and games to help with one of the most stubborn public health problems—that even people who want to be active have trouble staying active.‎ An NBA videogame, for example, gives players extra power in the game if they reach a step goal in real life. The app “Zombies, Run!” uses audio stories to push people to run more or run faster.‎ Still, there is room for growth. Only about 4% of all health apps use “gamification”,according to a study published in October in BMJ Open.“Gamification is actually quite closely linked with behavior change techniques,” says Dr. Elizabeth Ann Edwards, the study’s lead author and a doctor and researcher at Queen Mary University of London.‎ ‎【语篇导读】智能手机在许多方面受到人们的谴责,但是无处不在的智能手机如果运用恰当的话还是有利于人们的锻炼的,比如“Pokemon Go” 智能手机游戏让玩家比平时多走,而使用音频可使人们跑得更多或跑得更快。‎ ‎1. What does the author think of smartphones?‎ A. They lead to people’s lack of physical activity.‎ B. They will make people have more connections.‎ C. They can have video games more interesting.‎ D. They can involve their users in more exercise.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But the smartphone that seems to be everywhere could just easily increase physical activities...”可知,无处不在的智能手机同样可以增加体力活动,所以D项符合语境。‎ ‎2.According to “Pokemon Go” phenomenon,smartphone users become more active because 　　　. ‎ A. they have more social connections B. they get extra powers in life C. the games increase physical activities D. a life goal has been set step by step 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...‘Pokemon Go’ phenomenon shows that the smartphone game got players to take more steps than usual. Together, the studies show the potential for smartphones to push a range of people to be more active.” 可知,智能手机游戏让玩家比平时多走,使人们更活跃,所以选C项。‎ ‎3. Who are most likely to exercise more?‎ A. Video watchers on the sofa.‎ B. Smartphone game lovers.‎ C. People with no social connections.‎ D. People with trouble staying active.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。第五段中提到了一个NBA视频游戏,如果玩家在现实生活中达成目标,游戏就给他们在游戏中额外的权力。诸如此类等等来推动人们运动得更多或运动得更快。由此判断选B项。‎ ‎4. How does the author try to prove the ease of smartphones?‎ A. By showing the results of some researches.‎ B. By explaining the functions of smartphones.‎ C. By giving vivid description of some games.‎ D. By analyzing the causes of public health problems.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者通过展示一些研究的成果来论证手机的易用性,所以A项正确。‎ ‎[三]‎ Sometimes, you just can’t help it. Maybe you’re watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, you feel pressure in your throat, your eyes are watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks.‎ According to Ad Vingerhoets, a professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands, who is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying, there are three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the world. Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, there are emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets.‎ Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans develop and learn to depend on each other. “Humans are very complex social creatures,” says Lauren Bylsma, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. “It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others,” she says.‎ Vingerhoets agrees.“I think that the reason why humans shed tears(流眼泪)has something to do with our childhood,” he says. “That’s the time when we are still dependent on adults for love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.”Vingerhoets says this ability could have come in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. ‎ Tears were a safer way to get attention. “In this case, it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help,” he says. ‎ Vingerhoets and Byhma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. According to Byhma, there is still much more to be discovered.‎ ‎【语篇导读】文章从科学的角度分析了泪水的种类及原因等内容。‎ ‎1.In the scientists’ opinion, crying is 　　　. ‎ A. a sign of human evolution B. a result of human kindness C. a cause of personal growth D. a means of relying on each other 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans develop and learn to depend on each other.”可知,科学家们认为哭和人类如何发展以及如何彼此依靠有关系,所以哭是人们互相依靠的一种方式。‎ ‎2.The underlined phrase “this ability” in the fourth paragraph refers to the ability to 　　　. ‎ A. seek help wisely B. aim tears at someone C. cry emotionally D. appeal to other people 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.”可知,Vingerhoets认为泪水的主要优势就是你可以向某一个特定的人流泪。由此可知,this ability指将泪水指向一个特定的目标的能力,故B选项正确。‎ ‎3.From the text, we learn that Ad Vingerhoets and Lauren Bylsma 　　　. ‎ A. hold different opinions about the cause of tears B. think positively of the effects of tears C. are working together to study tears D. have learned enough about tears 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others” 以及第四段中的“Vingerhoets agrees”可知,Lauren Bylsma和Vingerhoets都认为泪水可以帮助寻求别人的帮助和支持。由此可知,他们都认可泪水的积极作用,所以选B项。‎ ‎4. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. The types of tears.‎ B. The components of tears.‎ C. The science of tears.‎ D. The opinions about tears.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。文章从科学的角度,分析了泪水的种类及原因等内容,所以C项适合作该文标题。‎ ‎[四]‎ Quietly sitting there reading, I found myself suddenly listening to the train guard’s announcements. Train travelers will surely agree that when the guard makes an announcement, whether it’s the recorded message or the guard’s message, few people listen to it, because it’s often quite dull or hard to understand. This one was different. I noticed that other passengers appeared to be listening, too. Not only that, everyone was smiling!‎ Why was so much attention being paid to this message? As best as I can recall, the guard said something along these lines, “Good morning, ladies, gentlemen and children. It is 7:35am and you’ll be pleased to know that we are right on time. And what a lovely morning it is in Sydney today. The sun is shining, birds are singing, and all’s right with the world. I trust you have a great day wherever you’re going. Thanks for catching my train this morning and I hope to see you again soon.”‎ Quite a few people (obviously previous strangers) started talking to one another about the guard’s excellent message and how good it had made everyone feel. I started thinking about this, and then I found the young guard and said, “Were you the guard?” The guard seemed a bit stunned at first ,replying, “Yes, yyyyes.” “Well ,I really appreciate your announcement. Thank you for your extremely good message, which gave me and the other passengers such a good start to the day. Please keep doing it,” I said.‎ There are two messages for me in what happened that day. Firstly, when people are happy in their work, it shows in what they do and say. Secondly, the story attaches much importance to the benefits that accumulate from thanking people for something they’ve done, particularly when it’s not expected. Can you imagine the conversation that guard would have when he got home?‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文作者通过自身的经历告诉读者对别人表示感谢的重要性。‎ ‎1. Why do few train travelers listen to the announcements?‎ A. The messages are unattractive.‎ B. The guard’s voice is not clear.‎ C. They usually feel sleepy.‎ D. They are absorbed in books.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...few people listen to it, because it’s often quite dull or hard to understand.”可知,很少有人听的原因是火车上的公告通常枯燥难懂,所以选A项。‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “stunned” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A. Patient. B. Cautious.‎ C. Surprised. D .Excited.‎ 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据回答“Yes, yyyyes.”可知,列车长有点吃惊,所以选C项。‎ ‎3. What might the guard talk about with his family when he got home?‎ A. The beautiful weather.‎ B. The recorded message.‎ C. The train from Penrith.‎ D. The unexpected appreciation.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...that accumulate from thanking people for something they’ve done, particularly when it’s not expected.”可知,他可能会和家人谈论他得到的意想不到的感谢。‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A.An Intelligent Guard.‎ B.A Boring Train Story.‎ C.A Different Train Announcement.‎ D.A Lovely Morning in Sydney.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。本文一开始说火车上的公告乏味难懂,没人愿意听。可是一则公告却打动了作者,得到了作者的赞赏。由此可知C项可作为本文的标题。‎ ‎[五]‎ No spacecraft will ever land on the sun. The sun is a flaming ball of gas that reaches thousands of degrees Fahrenheit. But next year, a ship from the earth will fly closer to it than any man-made craft has flown before. The mission (任务) is a big development for scientists and, maybe, for everyone else.‎ In September 2018,NASA plans to launch the Parker Solar Probe. After a journey of nearly 90 million miles, it will fly within 3.8 million miles ‎ of the sun. Within two months of launching, the probe is expected to reach the sun’s corona(日冕).That’s the sun’s outer atmosphere of gases.‎ Getting there won’t be easy. Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the sun’s heat has been proved difficult. But that hasn’t stopped engineers from trying. Temperatures in the corona can reach millions of degrees. The probe will limit itself to regions where things get no hotter than 2,500℉.That’s still a heavy heat load for a spacecraft. But a 4.5-inch-thick heat shield(罩) will protect the probe’s camera and scientific instruments.‎ NASA says the data the probe collects could provide knowledge into the physics of stars. Our sun is special to us. But as a star, it’s rather common. So the better we understand how it works, the better we understand all stars of its mass and color.‎ Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms. During solar storms, charged particles stream through the solar system. They can disable communication satellites and shut down power systems. One study has found that a very intense solar storm could cause up to $2 trillion in damage in the US alone. It could also black out the East Coast for a year. Understanding solar storms might allow us to predict them ourselves.‎ ‎【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了帕克太阳探测器这项工程以及科学家面临的挑战,‎ ‎1. What can we learn about the probe?‎ A. It’s the first man-made instrument to fly to the sun.‎ B. It’ll get to the core of the sun in nearly two months.‎ C. It’ll fly about 3.8 million miles to reach the corona,‎ D. It’ll fly closer to the sun than the previous ones.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But next year,a ship from the earth will fly closer to it than any man-made craft has flown before.”可知,帕克太阳探测器将比任何人造飞行器更靠近太阳,所以选D项。‎ ‎2. What is the challenge for the engineers?‎ A. Reducing the temperature of the probe.‎ B. Building a shield against the heat.‎ C. Limiting the probe to proper regions.‎ D. Directing the probe to collect data.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the sun’s heat has been proved difficult.”和“The probe ‎ will limit itself to regions where things get no hotter than 2,500℉.”可知,摆在科学家面前的困难是让探测器能承受高温。‎ ‎3. What might be the best title?‎ A. Getting close to the sun.‎ B. Designing a spaceship.‎ C. Protecting the earth.‎ D. Exploring the star.‎ 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了帕克太阳探测器将比任何人造飞行器更靠近太阳以及科学家面临的挑战,A项“Getting close to the sun.”可概括文章的内容。‎ ‎4. Where does the value of the mission lie?‎ A. Exploring solar energy.‎ B. Developing scientific instruments.‎ C. Forecasting solar storms.‎ D. Monitoring satellites.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms.”可知,C项正确。‎ ‎[六]‎ Questioning the existence of aliens is something that scientists have done for decades. In fact, most people do believe that aliens exist in some fashion. The main necessities for life are water and some forms of energy source. Not surprisingly, there are some planets, exoplanets and moons that fit the bill. Here are several best chances at finding life in the universe.‎ ‎◆TRAPPIST-1‎ TRAPPIST-1 is a planetary system a few dozen light years away, whose discovery was announced in early 2017.This system consists of seven earth-like exoplanets orbiting an “ultra-cool” star, and it is one of our shots at finding possible life beyond our own solar system.‎ ‎◆Titan Titan is the largest moon of Saturn, the sixth planet from our Sun. This moon could potentially harbor life but possibly not in the sense that we think. Titan does not exactly fit the description of being in a typical habitable zone. Titan has water, and it has liquid. It just doesn’t have liquid water. The water on this moon is completely solid because of the extremely cold temperature.‎ ‎◆Europa Europa is one of Jupiter’s moons here in our own solar system. It is another candidate due to its potential to hold liquid water. Europa is thought to have all the necessities for life including water, energy sources, and the right chemical build-up.‎ ‎◆Mars The Red Planet, the fourth from the Sun, is probably one of the most talked-about potential candidates for extraterrestrial(地球外的) life and even for human colonization. Despite some different voices, finding extraterrestrial life on Mars is really a serious possibility. We know by now that we won’t find little green men or any intelligent form of life that we understand. However, there is evidence that there was and may still be microscopic life on the red planet.‎ ‎【语篇导读】科学家们对外星人的存在研究了数十年,本文介绍了人们一致认为的可能发现外星人的地方,包括土星最大的卫星泰坦、木卫二和火星等。‎ ‎1.The common point of these celestial bodies(天体) is that 　　　. ‎ A. solid water exists on them respectively B. life might exist on each of them C. they all contain liquid water D. each of them has living things on it 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“Here are several best chances at finding life in the universe.”并结合下文的介绍可知,生命体可能存在于文中提及的这些天体上,故B项正确。‎ ‎2. Which celestial body could have life different from human imagination?‎ A. TRAPPIST-1. B. Titan.‎ C. Europa. D. Mars.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据“Titan”部分的第二句“This moon could potentially harbor life but possibly not in the sense that we think.”可知,这颗卫星有可能会孕育生命,但可能不是我们所想的那样。据此可知,泰坦中的生命体可能和我们想象的不一样,故B项正确。‎ ‎3. What do we know from the passage?‎ A. Europa is the most talked-about potential candidate for extraterrestrial life.‎ B.TRAPPIST-1 is the only body that contains life beyond the solar system.‎ C. All the scientists do believe that aliens exist in some manner.‎ D. There is proof that life existed on the celestial body Mars.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据本文尾句“However, there is evidence that there was and may still be microscopic life on the red planet.”可知,有证据表明,在这颗红色的小星球上曾经存在过或仍然存在着生命。据此可知,火星上有生命是有证据的,故D项正确。‎ ‎[七]‎ In today’s global world, more and more people travel to foreign countries. Cross cultural awareness and an understanding of foreign etiquette are important if you want to succeed as an international business person. Behaviour that is polite at home may be considered rude in another country. In particular, by learning about dining etiquette and table manners, you can avoid offending people and this can directly influence your business success.‎ John Smith’s book The Perfect Guest is a goldmine of information for the globe-trotting business person. There are chapters dedicated to all the main problem areas of dining etiquette and entertaining in different countries and tips on how to cope with embarrassing situations.‎ These are some of the areas which are covered in the book.‎ Seating arrangements Whether you are eating at a restaurant or at someone’s home, there may be a fixed protocol of who sits where. Do men and women sit together? Is there a hierarchy(等级) according to age or status? Rules vary greatly. For example, in Korea, it is customary to offer the best seat to the most senior person; in the US, there are no specific seating rules. If you don’t know where to sit, wait until your host shows you.‎ Conversation Is the dining table the right place to have a conversation or is the meal taken in silence? In France, for instance, the meal is a social affair with loud animated conversations and most topics are acceptable, including business. In Japan or Vietnam, on the other hand, only a quiet conversation is acceptable and business is never conducted at the dinner table.‎ Food What type of food is popular? Is it polite to remark on the food? Should you eat everything or leave some food on your plate? Is it polite to ask for the salt and pepper if not on the table? And how can you deal with a food delicacy that you find disgusting? In Europe, it is polite to eat everything on your plate whereas this would be considered rude in Egypt. If you clean your plate, it will be filled up again immediately.‎ ‎【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了不同文化的餐饮礼仪。‎ ‎1. Who is most likely to find the information useful?‎ A. A business person. B. A scientist.‎ C. A student. D. A soldier.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“John Smith’s book The Perfect Guest is a goldmine of information for the globe-trotting business person.”可知,这些信息对商业人士特别有用。‎ ‎2. When you are a guest in the US, where should you sit if you don’t know where to sit?‎ A. In the best seat.‎ B. Where your host shows you to sit.‎ C. Wherever you like.‎ D. Next to the senior.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“in the US, there are no specific seating rules. If you don’t know where to sit, wait until your host shows you.”可知,在美国,如果你不知道坐在哪里,可以等着主人安排你就座。‎ ‎3.You leave food on your plate in Egypt 　　　. ‎ A.to show that you have eaten enough B.so that there are leftovers for the cat C.to show that you don’t like the food D. but it is considered rude 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“In Europe, it is polite to eat everything on your plate whereas this would be considered rude in Egypt. If you clean your plate, it will be filled up again immediately.”可知,在欧洲把盘子里的食物吃光是有礼貌的,在埃及这样做是不妥当的,主人会认为你没有吃饱。‎ ‎4.The passage mainly tells us 　　　. ‎ A. cross cultural dining etiquette B. cultural differences around the world C. how to improve cultural awareness D. why the book is worth buying 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了不同文化的餐桌礼仪。由此可知,A项“跨文化餐饮礼仪”高度概括文章大意。‎ ‎[八]‎ Why do you go to the library? For books, yes—but you like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone else’s life. At one type of library you can do that too—even though there’s not a single book.‎ At a Human Library, instead of books, you can borrow “people”. People with unique life stories volunteer to be the “books”. For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating as any you can find in a book.(If you attend, be sure to review the habits that make you a good listener.) Many of the stories have to do with some kind of depressing topics. You can speak with a refugee, a soldier suffering from PTSD (创伤后遗症),a homeless person and a woman living with HIV. The Human Library encourages people to take time to truly get to know and learn from someone they might otherwise make a snap judgement about. According to its website, the Human Library is “a place where difficult questions are expected, appreciated and answered”.‎ The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000.Romni Abergel and his colleagues hosted a four-day event during a major Northern European festival. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, hoping to raise awareness among youth about depression, which has been growing ever since.‎ Though there are a few permanent human libraries, most aren’t places at all, but events. Though many do take place at physical libraries, you don’t need a library card—anyone can come and be part of the experience. There have been human library events all over the globe, in universities and in pubs, from Chicago to Tunis to Edinburgh to San Antonio. Check out the organization’s Facebook page to see when the Human Library might be arriving near you.‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了人类图书馆。在人类图书馆,借的不是书本,你可以借“人”。这些有着独特生活经历的人自愿成为“书”,在一定的时间内,你可以问他们问题,听他们的故事,这些故事和你在书中所能找到的人生经验一样引人入胜。‎ ‎1. What shall we do before going to the Human Library?‎ A. Bring a book.‎ B. Get a library card.‎ C. Make an appointment.‎ D. Go over some listening habits.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中括号内的内容“If you attend, be sure to review the habits that make you a good listener.(如果你要参加,一定要回顾一下那些使你成为一个好听众的习惯。)”可知,D项符合题意。‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “snap” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. True. B. Quick.‎ C. Wrong. D. Obvious.‎ 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。take time to为固定短语,表示“慢慢地做某事”。根据otherwise(否则的话)可知,前后两句是意义是相反的,因此与“慢慢地做某事”的相反的则是“快速的”,所以选B项。‎ ‎3. Why did Ronmi Abergel found the Human Library Organization?‎ A. He expected to answer different questions.‎ B. He successfully held an event in Northern Europe.‎ C. He wanted young people to pay attention to depression.‎ D. He had set up the Human Libraries all over the world.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, hoping to raise awareness among youth about depression, which has been growing ever since.”可知,应选C项。‎ ‎4. What is the best title of the text?‎ A. Borrow “People” Instead of Books B. Human Library Organization C. Human Library Is Near You D.A Library in Denmark 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了人类图书馆,在人类图书馆,借的不是书本,你可以借“人”。这些有着独特生活经历的人自愿成为“书”,在一定的时间内,你可以问他们问题,听他们的故事。由此可知A项可作为标题。‎ ‎[九]‎ While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.‎ Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28.He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.‎ Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA).His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园)of ‎ the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.‎ The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线)of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.‎ Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).‎ Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.‎ Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,” he said.‎ ‎“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,” he said.‎ ‎“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,” said Wang.‎ The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍正在崛起的中国建筑师的代表性人物——王澍。他的作品向我们展示了他对现代和传统建筑学的深层和独特的解读。‎ ‎1.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are 　　　. ‎ A. following the latest world trend B. getting international recognition C. working harder than ever before D. relying on foreign architects 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由第二段中的“Wang Shu...won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize...He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.”可推知,在王澍之前,没有中国人曾获此殊荣,他是中国第一位获得国际认可的建筑师,所以答案为B项。‎ ‎2. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?‎ A. Its hilly environment.‎ B. Its large size.‎ C. Its unique style.‎ D. Its diverse functions.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第四段中的“The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by...”可知,王澍设计的校园建筑风格独树一帜,和其他大学完全不同,很多游客对此惊叹不已,所以使游客印象深刻的应该是这个校区的独特建筑风格。答案为C项。‎ ‎3. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?‎ A. The mixture of different shapes.‎ B. The balance of East and West.‎ C. The use of popular techniques.‎ D. The harmony of old and new.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第五段最后一句“This creation...thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).”及第六段中的“Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance...”可知,王澍的设计把现代与传统中国元素进行了完美融合,即新旧的和谐统一,最终获得成功,所以答案为D项。‎ ‎4. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?‎ A. Spread them to the world.‎ B. Preserve them at museums.‎ C. Teach them in universities.‎ D. Recreate them in practice.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由最后一段内容可知,对传统的研究必须要和实践相结合,否则对传统建筑学的再利用就会显得虚假和空洞,所以答案为D项。‎ ‎[十]‎ Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well,the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t ‎ leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.‎ While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.‎ Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.‎ A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.‎ Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.‎ ‎【语篇导读】介绍了人类即将进入“无人驾驶”时代,这将给人类带来益处还是带来不利影响?无论怎样,我们的时代已经为其做好了准备。‎ ‎1.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can 　　　. ‎ A. help deal with transportation-related problems B. provide better services to customers C. cause damage to our environment D. make some people lose jobs 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知,虽然目前人们一直关注无人驾驶车的安全问题,但作者认为政策制定者也应该关注无人驾驶技术如何帮助减轻交通阻塞、减排及提供更多的交通便利、可支付的出行选择等问题,即作者认为应关注无人驾驶技术能帮助减少这些与交通有关的问题,故选A项。‎ ‎2. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?‎ A. Safety. B. Side effects.‎ C. Affordability. D. Management.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。第三段主要描述了无人驾驶车的一些使用便利,即这些正是作者的关注点。management “管理;使用手段”可概括这些使用方法,故选D项。‎ ‎3.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A. Employed. B. Replaced.‎ C. Shared. D. Reduced.‎ 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据该句逗号后面“considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).”可知,第一批无人驾驶车几乎可以确定是用于叫车服务,故此处划线词意思是“被使用(employed)”,故选A项。‎ ‎4. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?‎ A. Doubtful. B. Positive.‎ C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.”可知,作者对无人驾驶车是持积极支持的态度,故选B项。‎