2018届二轮复习名词课件(22张)

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2018届二轮复习名词课件(22张)

2018 届二轮复习名词 真题再练 在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式,并说明理由。 1. (2017 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ·62) This trend,…, has had some unintended side ________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease… 表示 “ 一些副作用 ” ,故用复数,从后面举了两种病例也可知用复数。 effects 2. (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ·61) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _________(crowd) on the roads… 表示泛指的人群,用复数。 3. (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ·67) She has turned down several ____________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 由前面的 several 可知,要用复数形式。 invitations crowds 4. (2016 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ·69) The nursery team switches him every few _____(day) with his sister… 空格前有 few 修饰,故 day 用复数。 days 5. (2016 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ·66) Recent ______ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 作主语用其名词形式,而 study 表示“研究”本身可以作名词;又由谓语动词 show 可知,主语应为复数,故填 studies 。 studies 6. (2015 全国 I 卷 ·65) …seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _________ (painting). 因被 many 修饰,故要用复数形式。 paintings 7. (2014 全国 I 卷 ·49) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _________(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 作主语要用名词,或者说冠词后应当用名词, change 除作动词外也可作名词,所以词性不必变化;由紧接着的 are 可知,要用复数形式。 changes 思路点拨 我们知道,名词在句中的典型用法就是作主语或宾语 ( 位于及物动词或介词后 ) 。如果括号中所给词是名词,又是在句中作主语或宾语时,就无需作词类转换,应考虑是否需要用复数形式。 考点归纳 关于名词,从近四年的高考题来看,在语法填空中只考查了名词的复数形式,但我们认为,名词的所有格也是可能要考的。 1. 名词的复数形式 英语中的名词,只要大于一,就要用复数形式,如“一个半小时”要说 one and a half hours (=an hour and a half) 。可数名词由单数变复数一般是在词尾加 s ,但还有以下几点需要牢记: (1) 以 -s, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的,加 es 。如: bus—buses, fox—foxes, brush—brushes, approach—approaches 等。例外: stomach—stomachs( 胃 ) 。 (2) 以“辅音字母 +y” 结尾的,变 y 为 i ,再加 es 。如: story—stories, baby—babies, activity—activities, agency—agencies 等。 (3) 以 -f(e) 结尾的常用词,变 f(e) 为 v ,再加 es 。 half—halves, life—lives, thief—thieves, knife—knives , self—selves, leaf—leaves, loaf—loaves, wolf—wolves 等。但个别特殊词一般直接加 s 。如: chief—chiefs, roof—roofs, belief—beliefs, safe—safes (保险柜)等。 (4) 以 -o 结尾的有生命的名词,加 -es 。如: hero—heroes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes 等。此外,一般直接加 s 。如: radio—radios, zoo—zoos, photo—photos, piano—pianos 等。 (5) 不规则变化的有: man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, goose—geese, mouse—mice, child—children, ox—oxen 等。 (6) 单复数同形的有: deer, fish, sheep, aircraft, spacecraft, means 等。 2. 名词的所有格 名词所有格表示所有关系,即“某某的”,主要有以下几种情况: (1) 不以 s 结尾的名词 ( 单数或复数 ) ,加’ s 。如: Jack’s e-mail 杰克的电子邮件, children’s books 儿童图书。 (2) 以 s 结尾的复数名词,加’。如: the girls’ dormitory 女生宿舍 , the teachers’ reading-room 教师阅览室。 (3) 以 s 结尾的单数名词,加’ s 或’。如: our boss’s (boss’) car 我们老板的小汽车, Engels’s (Engels’) works 恩格斯的著作。 名词 +of+ 名词 + ‘s : this watch of my father’s 我父亲的这块手表 名词 +of+ 名词性物主代词: some students of mine 我的一些学生 (4) 双重所有格 考点练透 1. I broke the chocolate into _______(half) and here’s your half. 句中 break /cut sth. into halves 意思是“把某物分成两半”。 halves 2. The sisters were treated as local _______ (hero) after rescuing a two-year-old boy from drowning. 指 The sisters ,可知 hero 要用复数, hero, tomato, potato 的复数形式是在后面加 es 。 3. The club provides a wide variety of __________ (activity) including tennis, swimming and cycling. 因被 a wide variety of( 多种多样的 ) 修饰,故要用复数形式。 heroes activities 4. Julie is one of those _________ (woman) who always keep up with the latest fashions. 被 those 修饰,故要用复数形式。 5. Her ________ (tooth) are false , but they look very natural. 由 are 可知, tooth 要用复数形式 teeth 。 women teeth 6. The ______ (deer) in the forest are all dying off from disease. 由 are 可知, deer 要用复数,但 deer, sheep 等的复数形式与单数形式相同。 7. He distinguished himself as a student at the ________ (city) leading school. 在名词前作定语,表示“这个城市的”重点学校,故用其所有格形式。 deer city’s 8. Sometimes they attribute their ________ (student) poor comprehension to a lack of intelligence. 指他们的学生, student 应用复数,“学生的”理解力差,故用所有格。 students’ THANK YOU!
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