【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之五学案（含有解析）（12页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之五学案（含有解析）（12页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之五 ‎【一】‎ Do you ever stop and think about this big, beautiful world we live in? It’s home __1__ so many people and animals. We all live in this amazing place, so we all have the __2__ (responsible) to take care of it, too.‎ A long time ago, I started thinking about what I could do to help take care of the planet. I wondered __3__ I could use my talents for good. I love creating websites and making art and designing clothes. That’s what __4__ (inspire) me, at age 8, to start an online company. I donate part of my profits to organizations __5__ (try) their best to save our environment. After I launched my business, I started getting __6__ (invite) to give presentations to young people about my company and the environment. I also talk about something else that __7__ (be) meaningful.‎ One thing I’ve learned is that a lot of people feel like __8__ small contribution to any cause is just a drop in the bucket and won’t make a difference. But that’s not true! __9__ (actual) when it comes to saving our environment, every small action counts. The __10__ (tiny) action is better than the greatest intention.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。保护环境，从我做起；拯救地球，从小做起。作者8岁时创立网络公司，把一部分利润捐给热衷环保的组织。最小的行动胜过最大的打算。你行动起来了吗？‎ ‎1．to　be home to“为……的栖息地，是……的家园”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎2．responsibility　根据空前的“have the”可知此处应填一个名词，responsibility“责任，职责”。‎ ‎3．how　分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句作wondered的宾语，且根据句意可知，此处表示方式，故用how引导该从句，表示“我想知道我如何能把我的才能发挥好”。‎ ‎4．inspired　空处的前一句和后一句都用的是一般现在时，但是根据空后的时间状语“at age 8”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎5．trying　分析句子结构可知，organizations与try之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用现在分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎6．invited　此处是get done“被……”结构，故填过去分词。‎ ‎7．is　that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，that指代的是something else，表示单数含义，故从句谓语动词用单数形式。此外，这里表示客观的情况，故应用一般现在时。综上可知本空填is。‎ ‎8．a　很多人觉得对任何事业的小小贡献都是杯水车薪，不会有什么影响。这里表示泛指，且contribution是可数名词，故用a。注意：feel like后面是一个省略了引导词的从句。‎ ‎9．Actually　空处作状语修饰整个句子，故要用副词。actually“事实上”。‎ ‎10．tiniest　根据空前的“The”和句意“最微小的事情也比最伟大的打算好”，空处要填最高级跟后面的“the greatest”形成对比。‎ ‎【二】‎ Hospitals haven’t always been clean and quiet places. Long ago they were dirty and crowded. Nurses were never taught __1__ to look after their patients and many people died. It was Florence Nightingale who changed all this.‎ Florence was born in 1820. As a child, she often went with her mother __2__ (visit) the poor people. They took food and medicine to the sick. It was these visits that first gave her the idea of becoming __3__ nurse.‎ Her chance came in 1854 when Britain went to war with Russia. Florence __4__ (ask) by the government to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and the __5__ (wound). The hospitals were dirty, and there wasn’t enough medicine. Florence and her team worked very hard, __6__ (clean) the hospital rooms and made the bed every day. At night, she would go from room to room, __7__ (check) on the patients. She often stayed to talk to the patients and provided comfort __8__ them.‎ After the war, Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patients __9__ (proper). However, she never really made a full __10__ (recover) from the illness that she had in the war, and she died in 1910.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记，对护理事业的创始人、现代护理教育的奠基人弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔进行了介绍。‎ ‎1．how　根据语境，此处指以前的护士从未被教过要如何照顾病人，故用how。‎ ‎2．to visit　分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式短语在句中作目的状语。‎ ‎3．a　根据语境可知，此处表泛指，指“成为一名护士”，故应用不定冠词a。‎ ‎4．was asked　此处说的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；又根据空后的“by the government”可知，Florence与ask之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。‎ ‎5．wounded　“the＋adj.”是固定用法，表示一类人，故填wounded。‎ ‎6．cleaned　分析句子结构可知，此处与worked和made并列作句子的谓语，故也应用一般过去时。‎ ‎7．checking　check与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词短语作伴随状语。‎ ‎8．for　根据语境可知，此处指的应是“她给他们提供慰藉”，provide sth.for sb.＝ provide sb. with sth.。‎ ‎9．properly　空处修饰look after，应用副词形式。‎ ‎10．recovery　根据语境及空前的“a full”可知此处应用名词形式。‎ ‎【三】‎ Dogs are __1__ very popular pet. Most of them just live with their families. But some dogs have very special jobs __2__ (do). A group of dogs __3__ (know)as “Therapy Dogs”. These dogs are family pets with special training, __4__ allows them to go into public buildings and comfort people __5__ need. The dogs are trained to be ‎ calm and quiet. Loud noises and unfamiliar places don’t frighten them. They enjoy spending time with people.‎ Some therapy dogs go into places, such as hospitals and nursing homes. When the dogs visit the patients, the patients are cheered up. They have fun __6__ (pet) the dogs and look forward to their visits. The dogs help to brighten their day. Therapy dogs can improve people’s health as well. Studies show that when people pet animals, their blood __7__ (press) and heart rates go down. They are calmer and __8__ (they) mood improves.‎ Other therapy dogs work in schools and libraries. They serve as warm and caring __9__ (friend) to children, but they also do __10__ (much). In one town in California, therapy dogs have become children’s reading buddies. The dogs make a great audience. The children look forward to reading to the dogs, and the dogs love the attention.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有着特殊用途的狗——治疗犬。它们能给病人带来心理上的安慰，能成为孩子们的朋友。‎ ‎1．a　根据本句中的“very popular pet”可知，此处应用不定冠词，表示泛指。‎ ‎2．to do　本句中应用不定式作后置定语，have sth. to do表示“有某事要做”。‎ ‎3．are known　分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，“a group of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，dogs与know是动宾关系，此处描述的是一般情况，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．which　这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为“special training”。‎ ‎5．in　由句意可知，这些治疗犬可以到公共场所安抚那些需要帮助的人。in need表示“在困难时，在危难之中”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎6．petting　have fun (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有乐趣”。‎ ‎7．pressure　分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词，blood pressure表示“‎ 血压”。‎ ‎8．their　修饰名词mood要用形容词性物主代词，故用their。‎ ‎9．friends　根据句子的主语They可知，此处用名词复数。‎ ‎10．more　句中的but暗示这些狗对孩子来讲不仅仅是朋友，它们会做得更多。‎ ‎【四】‎ A computer program has beaten a human champion at the ancient Chinese board game Go. It marked an important advance for the __1__ (develop) of artificial intelligence. The program, __2__ (call) AlphaGo, had taught itself how to win. It beat the European champion in all five games of a match in October. The developers say __3__ (it) learning ability may someday let computers help solve realworld problems. Those could include making medical diagnoses and __4__ (conduct) scientific research.‎ Previously computers have beaten humans in other __5__ (game). But among classic games, Go has long been viewed as the most challenging for artificial intelligence to master.‎ Go originated in China more than 2,500 years ago. __6__ game involves two players who take turns putting markers on a checkerboardlike grid. The object is to surround more area on the board with the markers than one’s opponent (对手). Players obtain the opponent’s pieces __7__ surrounding them. The rules are simple, __8__ playing it is not. It’s probably the most complex game ever created by humans.‎ Martin Mueller, a computing science professor, __9__ (work) on Go programs for 30 years. He said, “The new program is really a big step up from everything else __10__ we’ve seen. It’s a very impressive piece of work.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了阿尔法围棋人机大战事件。‎ ‎1．development　‎ 根据冠词the和后面的介词of可知，此处应填名词development。‎ ‎2．called　call和句子谓语had taught之间没有连词，故应用非谓语动词，且和句子主语The program构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎3．its　此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词ability。‎ ‎4．conducting　根据and可知，此处与making并列，故用动名词conducting。‎ ‎5．games　game是可数名词，且没有冠词修饰，故用复数形式。‎ ‎6．The　此处的game特指上文中的Go，故用定冠词修饰。‎ ‎7．by　根据语境可知，此处表示通过的含义，故用介词by，后跟动名词surrounding作宾语。‎ ‎8．but　根据语境可知，上下句表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but连接两个并列句。‎ ‎9．has worked　由“for 30 years”可知，此处用现在完成时；主语为Martin Mueller，故应填has worked。‎ ‎10．that　that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词everything else。‎ ‎【五】‎ Welcome back to the hot topic of studying abroad! Last time, we talked about the general “software” needed to have a __1__ (success) studying experience overseas, __2__ refers to the ability to understand western culture, and problemsolving skills when __3__ (face) critical situations, etc.‎ Now, I will dig deeper into the concept of “software”. Everyone is talking about culture shock nowadays, but you may wonder what it actually __4__ (mean). Put simply: culture shock is the difficulty people may experience when being exposed and adjusting to a __5__ (remarkable) different new culture. Usually, people often go __6__ four distinct phases: the honeymoon phase, the negotiation phase, the adjustment phase and the mastery phase. Culture shock can happen immediately upon ‎ your __7__ (arrive) in the country.‎ For international students, perhaps the most direct impact of culture shock is the variety of accents, especially in multicultural countries __8__ the US, Canada or Australia. There are two main reasons.Firstly, these countries have highly diversified groups of residents from different cultural __9__ (background). Secondly, there are many international students from all around the world every year studying in these countries, so you shouldn’t be surprised __10__ (find) all kinds of unfamiliar accents around the university campus.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要就文化冲突这一话题进行了讨论。‎ ‎1．successful　修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词successful修饰名词experience。‎ ‎2．which　which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为software。‎ ‎3．facing　当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，可省略从句主语和be动词的某种形式。“when facing”省略了“we are”，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎4．means　mean在此处是动词，意为“意味着”，且由上下文时态可知，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎5．remarkably　空处应用副词remarkably修饰形容词different。‎ ‎6．through　go through“经历”，符合语境。‎ ‎7．arrival/arriving　介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填arrival或arriving作介词upon的宾语。‎ ‎8．like　根据“the US, Canada or Australia”可知，此处表示列举，故用介词like“例如，像”。‎ ‎9．backgrounds　由different可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎10．to find　be surprised to do sth.“吃惊地去做某事”，故用不定式形式。‎ ‎【六】‎ The best way to deal with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first place. Knowing the rules of the game you’re playing and using the right __1__ (equip) can go a long way toward preventing injuries. If you think you’ve been injured, pull __2__ (you) out of the game or stop __3__ (do) your activity or workout. Let a coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor. Serious head and neck injuries happen most often to athletes __4__ play contact sports like football. Keep the injured person still with his or her head __5__ (hold) straight while someone calls for emergency __6__ (medicine) help. If the person __7__ (lie) on the ground, do not try to move him or her.‎ Your first question after a sports injury will __8__ (probable) be, “When can I play again？” This depends on the injury and what your doctor tells you. Even if you can’t return to your sport right away, a doctor might have suggestions and advice __9__ what you can do to stay fit. Always check with your doctor __10__ trying any activity following an injury.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在运动中受伤以后应该怎么办。‎ ‎1．equipment　分析句子结构可知，此处指合适的器材，equipment “设备，器材”，是不可数名词。‎ ‎2．yourself　这是一个祈使句，由前面的you可知，该处用yourself。‎ ‎3．doing　由“you’ve been injured”可知，受伤了就要停止活动，stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，故用doing。‎ ‎4．who/that　空处引导定语从句，先行词为athletes，指人，故用who或that。‎ ‎5．held　动词hold与his or her head是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。‎ ‎6．medical　分析句子结构可知，此处是形容词修饰名词help，故用medical。‎ ‎7．lies/is lying　此处表示“如果这个人躺在/正躺在地上”‎ ‎，故应用一般现在时或现在进行时。‎ ‎8．probably　分析句子结构可知，这里应用副词修饰动词。‎ ‎9．about/on　分析句意可知，这里指的是“做什么来保持健康的建议”，故用about/on表示“关于”。‎ ‎10．before　分析句意可知，在尝试任何活动之前先咨询一下医生，故用before。‎ ‎【七】‎ The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.‎ ‎1．第二句how→what　what to do中，what是代词作do的宾语，how是副词词性，一般用how to do sth.。‎ ‎2．第三句chose→choose　情态动词can后面接动词原形。‎ ‎3．第三句take→taking　taking和前面的staying是并列关系。‎ ‎4．第四句but→and　此处前后之间是并列关系。‎ ‎5．第五句about后加the　world是独一无二的，在独一无二的名词前面需加定冠词the。‎ ‎6．第六句your→our　根据主语we可知用our。‎ ‎7．第六句knowledges→knowledge　knowledge表示“知识”时，是不可数名词。‎ ‎8．第七句can→should或者去掉can　suggest表示“建议”‎ ‎，后面接宾语从句时，从句中谓语用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。‎ ‎9．第八句thought→think　此处表示目前的情况，所以用一般现在时。‎ ‎10．第九句many→much　many和much都表示“许多”，前者表示复数概念，后者表示不可数概念。此处指不会花很多钱。钱是不可数名词，所以用much。‎ ‎【八】‎ My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.‎ ‎1．第一句that→where　介词to的宾语从句中缺少动词live的状语，故将that改为where。‎ ‎2．第二句去掉but　英语中的“虽然……但是……”， though和but不能连用。‎ ‎3．第四句had→have　根据情景可知，此处使用一般现在时表示目前的情况。‎ ‎4．第五句honest→honesty　根据句意和结构可知，此处作表语应该使用名词形式，故将形容词honest改为名词honesty。‎ ‎5．第六句or→and　根据句意可知，此处fresh vegetables和high quality oil应该是并列关系，故or改为and。‎ ‎6．第六句using→used　根据句意可知，此处的主语fresh vegetables and high quality oil和谓语动词use是动宾关系，故应该使用被动语态。‎ ‎7．第七句在dreams后加of　根据句意可知，此处应该表示“梦想，幻想”，故应该使用dream of。‎ ‎8．第七句the→a　此处应该表示“在短期内”‎ ‎，名词period是可数名词，意为“时期，一段时间”，当其用单数形式且前有形容词作定语时，前面要用不定冠词a。‎ ‎9．第八句our→his　根据句意和逻辑关系可知，此处作定语的形容词应该和主句的主语he一致，故将our改为his。‎ ‎10．第八句steady→steadily　谓语动词grow是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。grow steadily意为“稳定地增长”。‎ ‎【九】‎ The Chinese Garden of Friendship was built as a beautiful symbol of friendship __1__ Sydney in the State of New South Wales and Guangzhou in the province of Guangdong, China (sister cities of sister states), to mark Australia’s bicentenary in 1988.‎ The garden __2__ (design) and built by Chinese landscape architects and gardeners __3__ (follow) the Taoist principles of “YinYang” and the five opposite elements — earth, fire, water, metal and wood. These principles also stress the __4__ (important) of Qi, the central force of life and energy.‎ YinYang __5__ (play) such a vital role that just one missing element would disrupt (扰乱) the garden’s harmony and balance. However when __6__ (combine) perfectly, the five elements form a fluid and nurturing environment. Everything you encounter in the garden has been handpicked and very carefully placed to capture the five elements and the energy of Qi.‎ Unlike westernstyle gardens, there are no planted flowerbeds __7__ neatlycut lawns. Instead, wild __8__ (aspect) of nature are recreated in landscapes __9__ feature waterfalls, mountains, lakes and forests.‎ The art of Chinese Garden design began in imperial parks during the Shang dynasty 3,000 years ago. Darling Harbour’s Chinese Garden of Friendship is a smallscale version of a __10__ (type) private garden from this time.‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了象征友谊的中国园林的设计原理和风格，以及园林里的一些特色风景。‎ ‎1．between　between ... and ...意为“在……和……之间”，此处指作为两座城市之间友谊的象征，符合语境。故填between。‎ ‎2．was designed　根据语境可知，这座花园是由中国的景观设计师和园艺家设计修建的。主语“The garden”与design之间构成被动关系，且此处是陈述过去发生的事情，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was designed。‎ ‎3．following　此处指景观设计师和园林师遵循道家的阴阳法则。根据语境可知，“architects and gardeners”与动词follow之间构成主动关系，故应用follow的现在分词形式作状语。故填following。‎ ‎4．importance　句意：阴阳和五行强调“气”的重要性，它是生命和能量的主要力量。根据词法知识可知，此处应用important的名词形式作动词“stress”的宾语，且用定冠词“the”修饰。故填importance。‎ ‎5．plays　句意：阴阳起着如此关键的作用，以至于一个要素的缺失都会扰乱花园的和谐与平衡。根据语境可知，该句陈述的是客观事实，因此用一般现在时；主语“YinYang”是抽象名词，因此谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填plays。‎ ‎6．combined　句意：当五个要素完美结合时，就形成了一个流动的培养环境。此处when引导的是时间状语从句，主句主语“the five elements”与动词combine之间构成被动关系，故用被动语态，其中主语和be动词可省略。故填combined。‎ ‎7．or　句意：与西式风格的花园不同，这个花园里没有种植花圃和修剪整齐的草坪。在否定句中表示“和……”用连词or。故填or。‎ ‎8．aspects　根据下文中的“are recreated”可知，主语是复数。故填aspects。‎ ‎9．that/which　根据语境可知，这些风景以瀑布、大山、湖泊和森林为特色。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“landscapes”，在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。故填that/which。‎ ‎10．typical　根据空格前的“a”和空格后的“private garden”可知，此处应用形容词作定语，typical意为“典型的”。故填typical。‎ ‎【十】‎ Paris attacks highlight urgency for concerted ‎ global fight against terrorism BEIJING, Nov.14 (Xinhua) — The loss of more than 140 innocent lives in the terror attacks in Paris late Friday once again sounded the alarm that terrorism is spreading，and the international community should wait no more __1__ (act) in unity against terrorism.‎ In a rampage (狂暴行为) __2__ shocked the whole world, terrorists used explosive devices and guns in multiple attacks across the French capital city and the __3__ (surround) suburbs.‎ From the national stadium Stade de France to theater Bataclan, there is smell of blood in the air. __4__ is fear.‎ The frequent terrorism activities in recent years constitute (构成) __5__ enormous security challenge not to one, __6__ all countries since terrorists recognize no national borders and they would launch attacks wherever they feel possible.‎ Many countries, including France, have been spending an __7__ (increase) large chunk of their national income on battling terrorism, but so far efforts by individual countries __8__ (do) little to control the spread of terrorism.‎ To stem the scourge (祸根) of terrorism, members of the international community have to join hands and cooperate __9__ a genuine manner. They have to pay more attention to improving education and employment so as to eliminate (消除) the __10__ (possible) of home grown terrorism.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了法国巴黎的恐怖袭击事件并呼吁国际社会联合起来共同应对恐怖主义。‎ ‎1．to act　国际组织应该立刻团结起来打击恐怖主义。此处为wait to do ‎ sth.的固定用法。‎ ‎2．that/which　这次的暴力袭击震惊了全世界。此处应用关系代词that或which作主语引导定语从句。‎ ‎3．surrounding　此处意为“周围的郊区”。surrounding “周围的，附近的”。‎ ‎4．So　空气中弥漫着血腥味，也有恐惧。“so ＋ be动词 ＋ 主语”表示前面的叙述的肯定情况也适用于后者。‎ ‎5．an　近年来，频繁的恐怖主义活动对所有国家都构成了一种很大的安全挑战。此处表示泛指。‎ ‎6．but　此处为“not ... but ...”结构。‎ ‎7．increasingly　修饰形容词large应用副词。‎ ‎8．have done　根据so far可知，应用现在完成时；主语为efforts，故填have done。‎ ‎9．in　in a/an ... manner“以一种……的方式”。‎ ‎10．possibility　此处表示“可能性”，应用名词形式。‎