2020届二轮复习语法专题形容词和副词课件（117张）

2020届二轮复习语法专题形容词和副词课件（117张）

Grammar 第二部分 词法篇 —— 名词、形容词和副词 专题 1 　 名词 专题 2 　 形容词 和 副词 PART 1 高频考点清单 PART 2 重温高考真题 PART 3 热考点集训 专题 2 　形容词和副词 PART 4 综合演练 PART 1 高频考点清单 框架结构图 形容词和副词的功能 1. 形容词的功能：形容词主要是用来修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质、特征、状态，在句中： ① 作定语修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征等； ② 作表语与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征； ③ 作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征； ④ 作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。 ⑤ 作独立成分。 2. 副词的功能：副词作状语说明动作性质或状态的特征，常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子等。 1. 形容词和副词的位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则是用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子的，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记： (1) 形容词短语作定语，须后置。 a task difficult to finish 形容词和副词的核心考点 ( 2) 表语形容词 (afraid ， alike ， alone ， asleep ， awake ， alive 等 ) 作定语，须后置，如 a man alive 。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如 well ， faint ， ill 只作表语； sick 既可作表语又可作定语。 ill 如果不是表示身体或精神上 “ 不适的 ”“ 不健康的 ”“ 有病的 ” 等，而是表示类似 bad( 不好的 ) 的意思时，通常只作定语。 He ’ s been ill since then. By ill luck ， my flight had been cancelled. (3) 形容词用作定语，修饰由不定代词 one ， no ， any ， some 和 every 构成的复合词如 anything ， something 等时，通常后置。 I have something important to tell you. (4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。 (5)enough 修饰名词前置或后置均可；修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置 。 ( 6) 几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式 → 地点 → 时间。 We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. (7) 频度副词如 often ， always ， usually 等放在 be 动词后，行为动词前。 (8) 副词作定语，须后置。 The person there is waiting for you. (9) 几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词 ( 包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等 ) ＋观点词 ( 品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词 ) ＋形状或样式词 ( 大小、长短或高低词 ) ＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。 a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella ( 10) 以 -ly 结尾的词性辨析。 ① 下列单词以 -ly 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词： lively ， lonely ， lovely ， deadly ， friendly ， ugly ， silly ， likely ， brotherly ， timely 等 。 ② 表原意 ( 无 -ly) 和引申意 ( 有 -ly) 的副词： deep 深 deeply 深入地 wide 宽广 widely 广泛 地 high 高 highly 高度 地 low 位置 低 lowly 地位卑微地 dead 完全，绝对 be dead asleep deadly 非常 be deadly tired pretty 相当 be pretty certain that ... prettily 漂亮地 be prettily dressed close 近 Don ’ t sit close . closely 密切地 Watch closely ！ late 晚，迟 arrive late ， come late lately 最近 I haven ’ t seen him lately. ③ 有无 -ly 意义大不相同的副词： 2. 形容词和副词的比较等级 (1) 原级的构成和用法。 构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。 用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用 “ as ＋原级形容词 / 副词＋ as ” 的结构；表示双方不相等时，用 “ not so/as ＋原级形容词 / 副词＋ as ” 的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用 “ 倍数＋ as ＋原级形容词 / 副词＋ as ” 的结构。 Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you. This building looks not so/as high as that one. This room is three times as large as that one . ( 2) 比较级和最高级的构成。 掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。 (3) 比较级的用法。 ① 表示一方超过另一方时，用 “ 比较级＋ than ” 的结构表示。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. ② 表示一方不及另一方时，用 “ less ＋原级＋ than ” 的结构表示。 This room is less beautiful than that one. ③ 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如 even ， a lot ， a bit ， a little ， still ， much ， far ， yet ， by far 等修饰。 He works even harder than before . 注意 ： (A) 英语的比较级前如无 even ， still 或 yet 等时，译成汉语时可用 “ 较 ” 或 “…… 一些 ” 或不译出，一般不可用 “ 更 ” 。 She is better than she was yesterday. 她今天身体好些了。 Please come earlier tomorrow. 请明天早点来。 (B)by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加 “ the ” 。 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers . ④ 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用 “ the ＋比较级 ( 主语＋谓语 ) ， the ＋比较级 ( 主语＋谓语 ) ” 的结构 ( 意为 “ 越 …… 就越 ……” ) 。 The harder he works ， the happier he feels. ⑤ 不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用 “ 比较级＋ and ＋比较级 ” 的结构。 The weather is getting colder and colder. ⑥ 某些以 -ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to 代替 than 。这些词有 inferior( 劣等的，次的 ) ， superior( 较好的，优于 …… ) ， junior( 资历较浅的 ) ， senior( 资格较老的 ) ， prior( 在 …… 之前 ) 等。 He is superior to Mr Zhang in chemistry . ⑦ 在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those) ， one(ones) 代替前面出现的名词。 that 指物， one 既可指人又可指物； that 可代替单数可数名词 ( 相当于 the one) 和不可数名词，而 one 只能代替可数名词。 The book on the table is more interesting than that( 或 the one) on the desk. I ’ m afraid Alice ’ s the only one who can do it. ⑧ 倍数表达法。 (A)A is three(four ， etc.) times the size(height ， length ， etc.) of B. The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. (B)A is three(four ， etc.) times as big(high ， long ， etc.) as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe . (C)A is three(four ， etc.) times bigger(higher ， longer ， etc.) than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 注意： 用 times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用 twice 或 double 。 ( 4) 最高级的用法。 ① 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用 “ the ＋最高级 ” 的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works (the) hardest in his class. ② 最高级可被序数词以及 much ， by far ， nearly ， almost ， by no means ， not quite ， not really 等词或短语修饰。 This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite the biggest . ③ 表示 “ 最高程度 ” 的形容词，如 excellent ， extreme ， perfect 等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 ④ 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。 He is the tallest (boy) in his class. ⑤ 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。 Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. ⑥ 否定词＋比较级＝最高级 He has never spent a more worrying day. (5) 形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。 ① 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词 。 ② 形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示 “ 非常 ” 。 He is a most clever young policeman.(a most ＝ very) The film is most interesting.(most ＝ very) ③ 表示两者间 “ 较 …… 的一个 ” ，比较级前加 the 。 Who is the older of the two boys? ④ 在 “ the ＋比较级 ... ， the ＋比较级 ... ” 结构中，可用省略形式。 The more ， the better. (6) 由 as 组成的形容词或副词短语。 ① as much as ＋不可数名词　数量多达 …… Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons. She could earn as much as 100 dollars a week . ② as many as ＋可数名词复数　数量多达 …… I have as many as sixteen reference books. ③ as early as 早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island. ④ as far as 远到；就 …… 而知 ( 论 ) We might go as far as( 远到 ) the church and back. As far as I know( 据我所知 ) ， he has been there before. ⑤ may(might ， could) as well 不妨，不如 Then you might as well stay with us here. ⑥ as...as one can 尽某人所能的 …… He began to run ， as fast as he could . ⑦ as...as possible 尽可能 …… 的 Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible. 3. 几组重要的词语辨析 (1)very 和 much 的区别。 ① 可分等级的形容词和副词前使用 very 不用 much 。 ② 表示状态的分词形容词前用 very 。如 a very frightened boy ， a very tired child ， a very complicated problem 。一般情况下，以 -ing ， -ed 结尾的分词形容词多用 much ， very much ， greatly 等修饰。 We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack ’ s attitude. ③ 已转化为形容词的现在分词前用 very 。如： very interesting / worrying / exciting 。 ④ too 前用 much ， a lot 或 far ，不用 very 。如： You are much / far / a lot too nice. 另外，在 too many / much ， too few / little 前可用 far 。 There ’ s far too little opportunity for adventure these days. We ’ ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups. ⑤ 关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构： (A) 修饰 “ 绝对 ” 意义的形容词，一般不用 very ，而用 quite ， completely ， well ， entirely 。如： quite wrong(mistaken ， sure) ， completely dead ， quite impossible ， quite perfect 等。 (B) 修饰以 a- 开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词： quite alone ， very much alone ， wide awake ， fast asleep ， very much afraid 。 (C) 修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有： be well worth ， much the same ， freezing cold ， quite different ， terribly cold/frightening 。 ( 2)so...that... 与 such...that... 的区别 。 so ＋形容词 / 副词＋ that... so ＋形容词＋ a ( n ) ＋可数名词单数＋ that... so ＋ many/few ＋复数名词＋ that... so ＋ much/little ( 少 ) ＋不可数名词＋ that... (such ＋ a ( n ) ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋ that... such ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋ that... such ＋形容词＋复数名词＋ that... 注意 ： 下列结构中只能用 so 不可用 such ：当名词前有 many ， much ， little ， few 等表示 “ 多、少 ” 的词修饰时，如 so much progress ， so many people ， so little food ， so few apples 等。但当 little 表示 “ 小 ” 时用 such ，如： These are such little boys that they can ’ t dress themselves. 下列短语中 so 的用法是错误的： so a difficult problem ， so difficult problems ， so hot weather 。 (3) 其他几组词的辨析。 ① ago ， before ： ago 表示以现在为起点的 “ 以前 ” ； before 指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的 “ 以前 ” 。泛指 “ 以前 ” 用 before 而不用 ago 。 ② already ， yet ， still ： already 表示某事已经发生； yet 表示期待某事发生； still 表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句 。 ③ too ， also ， either ： too 和 also 用于肯定句， too 多用于口语， also 多用于书面语； either 用于否定句。 ④ good ， well ：与 good 不同的是， well 作形容词用，只能在系动词后作表语，表示 “ 身体状况好的 ” ； well 还可作副词修饰动词。 ⑤ quick ， fast ：作形容词皆表示 “ 快的 ” 。 fast 多指运动的物体，含持续的意思； quick 多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。 ⑥ real ， true ：作形容词皆表示 “ 真的 ” 。 real 强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语； true 指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。 ⑦ hard ， difficult ：均表示 “ 困难 ” ，但 hard 通常指体力上困难； difficult 则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于 hard 。它们都可作定语和表语。 1. 搭配错误 ( 误 ) Judging from his sadly face ... ( 正 ) Judging from his sad face... ( 误 ) Little Tom felt very sadly . ( 正 ) Little Tom felt very sad . ( 误 ) You will get warm welcomed . ( 正 ) You will get warmly welcomed. 书面表达中形容词和副词易错点聚焦 2. 汉语干扰，词性混乱 (1) 形容词误作动词 ( 误 )He eager to know everything about China. ( 正 )He is eager to know everything about China. (2) 形容词与名词混淆 ( 误 )The sport teaches us the important of obedience. ( 正 )The sport teaches us the importance of obedience. (3) 形容词与副词混淆 ( 误 ) Unfortunate ， many people are ignorant of it. ( 正 ) Unfortunately ， many people are ignorant of it . 3 . 比较级的错误表达 ( 误 )The sea level is rising more and more high . ( 误 )The sea level is rising more and more higher . ( 正 )The sea level is rising higher and higher . PART 2 重温高考真题 Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1.Running is cheap ， easy and it ’ s always ( energy).(2018· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析 　连系动词 is 后接形容词作表语，故填 energy 的形容词形式 energetic 。 energetic 考向 1 　词形变换之形容词 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2.According to the World Bank ， China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe ) fertilizer consumption.(2018· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 解析　 fertilizer consumption 是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填 global 。 global 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be _________ ( afford) but doing this most days adds up.(2018· 浙江 ) 答案 解析 解析　 根据前面的 be 可知，此处是系表结构，应用形容词；根据 eating out once or twice a week 并结合常识可知应是 “ 付得起 (affordable) ” 。 affordable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack( 吃点心 ) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However ， be (care ) not to go to extremes . ( 2017· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 be 之后接形容词作表语， care 的形容词形式是 careful 。 careful 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5.The Central London Railway was one of the most ( success) of these new lines ， and was opened in 1900.(2017· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 解析　 “ one of the ＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数 ” 表示 “ 最 …… 的 …… 之一 ” ，此处应填 success 的形容词形式 successful 。 successful 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6.But something made her look closer ， and she noticed a ( shine) object.(2017· 浙江 ) 答案 解析 解析　 空格处修饰名词 object ，故用形容词。 shine 的形容词形式为 shiny 或 shining ，意为 “ 闪闪发光的 ” 。 shiny/shining 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7.She was a very ( care) mother.For 25 days ， she never left her baby ， not even to find something to eat ！ (2016· 四川 ) 答案 解析 解析　 空格处修饰名词 mother ，故用形容词。 care 的形容词是 caring( 照料他人的 ) 或 careful( 细心的 ) 。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。 caring/careful 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8.As ( nature) architects ， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days . ( 2015· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 解析　 修饰名词 architects ，故要用形容词形式。 natural 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ . 单句改错 ( 每小题仅有 1 处错误 ) 1.I felt happily that their life had improved.(2018· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 feel 在此处是连系动词，后接形容词作表语。 happy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2.I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.(2018· 全国 Ⅲ ) 答案 解析 解析　 句意为：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。这里没有比较的意味，故把 larger 改为 large 。 large 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road . ( 2017· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析 　此处 stop 是名词，名词前用形容词修饰，所以把 suddenly 改为 sudden 。 sudden 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes ， playing pop music ， and collecting the latest music albums.(2017· 全国 Ⅲ ) 答案 解析 解析　 形容词修饰名词 kinds 。 different 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5.At one time ， I even felt my parents couldn ’ t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.(2016· 全国 Ⅲ ) 答案 解析 解析　 此处应用形容词作表语。 free 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6.Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.(2015· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 名词前应该用形容词作定语。故 seriously 应改为 serious 。 serious 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7.I thought the biscuits were really well.( 2015· 陕西 ) 答案 解析 解析　 句意为：我认为饼干真的很好。 good 作形容词，意为 “ 好的 ” ，而 well 作形容词意为 “ 健康的，适宜的 ” 。由句意可知此处应用 good 。 good 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1.A taste for meat is ( actual) behind the change ： An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens ， pigs ， and cattle.(2018· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 解析　 句意为：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰整个句子。故填 actually 。 actually 考向 2 　词形变换之副词 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 2.Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ______ ( fair) unpleasant for the passengers ， with all the smoke and noise . ( 2017· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 解析　 所填词修饰形容词 unpleasant ，故用 fair 的副词形式 fairly 。 fairly 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 3.It is ( certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.(2017· 全国 Ⅲ ) 答案 解析 解析　 此处应该用副词来修饰形容词 fun 。 certain 的副词形式为 certainly 。 certainly 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 4.From tomorrow ， I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be _________ ( official) given to me at a ceremony in London.(2016· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 修饰谓语动词应当用副词。 officially 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 5.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual ) turned into chopsticks.(2016· 全国 Ⅲ ) 答案 解析 解析　 此处应用副词修饰动词。 gradually 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 6.Chinese scientists ( recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.(2016· 四川 ) 答案 解析 解析　 空格处修饰动词短语 had a chance ，应用副词。 recent 的副词形式是 recently 。 recently 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 7.Abercrombie & Kent ， a travel company in Hong Kong ， says it _________ ( regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 空格处修饰谓语动词 arrange ，要用副词形式 regularly 。 regularly 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 8.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ( slow)during cool nights ， thus warming the house . ( 2015· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 解析　 修饰谓语动词 give out ，因此要用副词形式。 slowly 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 9.He owned a farm ， which looked almost abandoned . ( lucky) ， he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(2015· 广东 ) 答案 解析 解析　 第二句句意为：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。 luckily ad v . 幸运的是，这里用副词修饰整个句子。 Luckily 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 Ⅱ . 单句改错 ( 每小题仅有 1 处错误 ) 1.Immediate ， I raised my hand.(2018· 全国 Ⅲ ) 答案 解析 解析　 此处要用副词在句中作状语修饰整个句子，故把 immediate 改为 immediately 。 Immediately 1 2 3 4 5 2.The first time I went there ， they were living in a small house with dogs ， ducks ， and other animals.Last winter when I went here again ， they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.(2018· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 去乡下看望爷爷奶奶，应该是 “ 远指 ” 而非 “ 近指 ” ，故把 here 改为 there 。 there 1 2 3 4 5 3.Instead ， he hopes that his business will grow steady.( 2016· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 修饰谓语动词用副词。 steadily 1 2 3 4 5 4.Dad and I were terrible worried.(2015· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 解析　 worried 为形容词化了的过去分词，修饰形容词应该用副词，所以将 terrible 改为 terribly 。 terribly 1 2 3 4 5 5.On the left-hand side of the class ， I could easy see the football field . ( 2015· 浙江 ) 答案 解析 解析　 修饰动词 see 要用副词，故将 easy 改为 easily 。 easily 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1.There could be an even ( high) cost on your health.(2018· 浙江 ) 答案 解析 解析　 “ 副词 even ＋比较级 ” 表示 “ 更 ……” ，强调程度。 higher 考向 3 　形容词和副词的比较等级 1 2 3 4 5 2.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal ， runners live three years ( long) than non-runners.(2018· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活三年。根据 than 可知用比较级，故填 longer 。 longer 1 2 3 4 5 3.As a result ， people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even ( bad) ， the amount of fast food that people eat goes up . ( 2017· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。 even worse 更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。 worse 1 2 3 4 5 4.Sixteen years ( early) ， Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.(2017· 浙江 ) 答案 解析 解析　 sixteen years earlier 意为 “ 早在 16 年前 ” 。 earlier 1 2 3 4 5 5.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work ， you should take a step back and identify( 识别 ) those of ( great) and less importance.(2016· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 解析　 根据后面的 and less 可知，此处也要用比较级形式。 greater 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅱ . 单句改错 ( 每小题仅有 1 处错误 ) 1.They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together .( 2017· 全国 Ⅱ ) 解析 解析　 此处叙述他们经常早起这一事实，没有比较的意思，故不用比较级。 答案 early 1 2 3 4 2.They were also the best and worse years in my life.(2016· 全国 Ⅲ ) 解析 解析　 与前面的 best 并列，此处应用最高级。 答案 worst 1 2 3 4 3.The dishes that I cooked were Mom ’ s favoritest.( 2016· 四川 ) 解析 解析 　 favorite 没有比较级和最高级。 答案 favorite 1 2 3 4 4.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world ， so I decided to ask her for help .( 2015· 陕西 ) 解析 解析 　前面有定冠词 the ，后面有表示范围的 in the world ，所以应该用形容词的最高级，故将 better 改为 best 。 答案 best 1 2 3 4 Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1.Pahlsson screamed loudly that her daughter came running from the house .( 2017· 浙江 ) 答案 解析 解析　 分析句子结构可知， so 与后面的 that 构成句型 so...that... ，意为 “ 如此 …… 以至于 ……” 。 so 修饰副词 loudly 。 so 考向 4 　易混淆形容词、副词与特殊结构中的副词 2.It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn ’ t care.A few hours ， I ’ d been at home in Hong Kong ， with its choking smog.(2015· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在香港的家中，由此可知 before/earlier 符合句意。 before/earlier Ⅱ . 单句改错 ( 每小题仅有 1 处错误 ) 1.I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left . ( 2017· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 这句话中含有 so...that...( 如此 …… 以至于 …… ) 结构，故 much 在此处是多余的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2.A few minutes late ， the instructor asked me to stop the car . ( 2017· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析　 “ 一段时间＋ later ” 表示 “ 多长时间之后 ” ，是固定用法。 later 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3.Much rare animals are dying out.(2015· 全国 Ⅰ ) Many 答案 解析 解析　 animals 为可数名词复数形式，所以用 many 修饰； much 只能修饰不可数名词。故将 Much 改为 Many 。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.(2015· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 解析　 此处为 so...that... 句式，所以 much 前用副词 so 修饰。故删除 very 。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5.Nearly five years before ， and with the help of our father ， my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes( 圣女果 ) in our back garden . ( 2014· 新课标全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 解析 　相对于说话时以前用 ago ；相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才用 before 。故将 before 改为 ago 。 ago 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6.As a result ， the plants are growing somewhere.( 2014· 新课标全国 Ⅰ ) everywhere 答案 解析 解析　 somewhere 意为 “ 某处 ” ，而句意为 “ 植物到处生长 ” ，故 somewhere 应改为 everywhere 。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7.The early morning barking has been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside ， Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day . ( 2014· 辽宁 ) 答案 解析 解析　 此处表示 “ 此外，而且 ” ，应用 besides 。 beside 在 …… 旁边。 Besides 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8.We don ’ t need to do so many homework.(2014· 新课标全国 Ⅱ ) much 解析　 homework 是不可数名词，修饰不可数名词用 much 不用 many 。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 答案 解析 PART 3 热考点集训 Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1.He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was (health ). 2.It might have made it a little ( hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ， but that didn ’ t stop the kids in the class. 3.Lost in the tune ， he came suddenly upon a ( home) beggar lying in the midst of the sidewalk.He reached down ， touched the beggar ’ s cheek ， and left a 100-dollar bill to him. 4.The more we do for the people ， the ( happy) we ’ ll be . 5.The lyrics of the songs make rap music ( true) unique . 查看答案 healthy harder happier homeless truly 6.Some politicians have been quick to describe the event as simple ________( violence) action. 7.They were ( cl ear) long-standing customers ， and I suppose they mu st have stayed ( faith) to him because he had promised to sell fruit of good quality. 8.The conclusions are contained in the agency ’ s ( late) report. 9 .The teacher replied ， “ You tasted the water.I tasted the gift.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be ( sweet). ” 10.For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt ( please) ， because there were many empty seats in the room. 查看答案 violent clearly latest faithful sweeter pleased Ⅱ . 单句改错 ( 每小题仅有 1 处错误 ) 1.That is too much for us ， considering how closely the houses are. 2.Don ’ t panic or get out of line ， and try to remain quiet and calmly. 3.Beside ， Cleo also has a gift for painting. 4.No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. 5.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird . close 查看答案 calm Besides previously immediately 6.I remember my grandfather very much. 7.To make matters bad ， now I have to share a room with my younger sister ， Maggie. 8.I am awfully tiring ， but I know I ’ ll never fall asleep. 9.Today we had a chemistry test.I found the test difficulty ， but I tried hard to do it. 10.After waiting for about half an hour ， I was beginning to get impatiently. well/clearly 查看答案 worse tired difficult impatient 查看答案 Ⅲ . 语法填空 ( 形容词和副词专练 ) I don ’ t think there is much 1 . ( difficult) in learning English well ， because as long as you master the method and work hard ， you can make progress 2 . ( rapid).I believe that the 3 . ( hard) you work at your study ， the greater progress you will make.For example ， Li Ping ， a friend of mine ， is the 4 . hard-working student in our class ， and he gets 5._______ ( high) marks than any other student in our class in every English test . difficulty rapidly harder most higher Led by him ， all the students in our class are studying English harder 6. before.As a result ， in the 7 . ( late) English test ， our class was the 8. ( good) of the two classes taught by our English teacher ， and the number of students who got excellent marks is twice 9 . ( large) than that of the other.10 . ， all of us should study hard no matter what we learn. 查看答案 than latest better larger Therefore PART 4 综合演练 词法篇 —— 名词、形容词和副词 Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 ( 一 ) 1.Ron had a ( success) career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life. 2.The Palace Museum has a ( collect) of 96 million pieces of ancient Chinese art works. 3.It was a bad night for Louis.His research in the neighboring town t ook ________ (long ) than he had expected. 4.That night ， I fell asleep with a new ( appreciate) for my mother and her caring hands . 查看答案 successful collection appreciation longer 5.If we carry our burdens all the time ， sooner or later ， as the burden becomes ( increasing) heavy ， we won ’ t be able to carry on. 6.He didn ’ t put the things where they belonged ， for which reason he got his (punish ). 7.As they couldn ’ t play outdoors ， they were ( happy) ， and some even got into fights from time to time. 8.The university is very famous ， so there are a lot of ( applicant) who want to be admitted to it. 9.My aunt advised sending me to the hospital ， and the treatment she provided gave my parents ( value) time to take me to the hospital . 查看答案 increasingly punishment applicants unhappy valuable 10.His friend advised him to write down the useful ( express) in his notebook so that he could use them when necessary. 11.We can start the habit by writing learning summaries and remember to record something ( impress) and meaningful. 12.A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience ， ( especial) if you are travelling at high speed. 13.Much simpler as Chinese grammar is ， Chinese has a tone and writing system that is more difficult for ( learn) to master . 查看答案 expressions impressive learners especially 14.Little Tommy is really hard to deal with.You can ’ t find a ( noisy) boy in the class . 15.When you are faced with challenges ， you should believe that ___________ (confident) is what makes a difference. 查看答案 noisier confidence ( 二 ) 16.Of all the cities in the world ， one of the top six ( healthy) cities is Copenhagen ， Denmark. 17.At the press conference ， a government spokesman expressed his great concern for the ( safe) of the three trapped workers. 18.My application was successful and I spent a(n) ( enjoy) month learning film-making. 19.I ’ m sure it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the _____________ (improve ) of writing abilities . 查看答案 healthiest safety improvement enjoyable 20. (surprising ) ， when I got home ， I found a wet $20 bill stuck to the ground. 21.In 1971 ， after nearly two hundred ( failure) ， Tu ’ s team found an extract that was 100% effective against the malaria parasites—artemisinin. 22.It may not be a great suggestion.But before a ( good) one is put forward ， we ’ ll make do with it. 23.You may find to your ( amaze) that there is more kindness in your community than you ever believed possible . 查看答案 Surprisingly failures amazement better 24.The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals and could even make humans ( small). 25.When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life ， she did what comes ( natural). 查看答案 smaller naturally Ⅱ . 单句改错 ( 每小题仅有 1 处错误 ) ( 一 ) 1.One day in Senior Grade 1 ， I happened to see an English movie named Speed .It was so interested that I watched it again and again. 2.Mum taught me some basic step of baking. 3.When Mr Tang slowly went into the classroom ， we could see clear that it was hard for him to leave us though he had taught us for only three months . interesting steps clearly 查看答案 4.After a few months ， we all felt that we had been able to build much strong relationships with the family than we had before. 5.After all ， only by working hardly can one succeed. 6.Without Mother and Father ’ s love ， I wouldn ’ t be leading such a happily life now. 7.Many young boys and girls have the habit of smoking ， though they are middle school student. stronger hard happy students 查看答案 8.A little child is great fun and I like to play with him or her cheerful. 9.After the bath he looked energy and refreshed. 10.My mindless words must have hurt him deep. 11.There are so much tomatoes that we often share them with our neighbors. 12.I saw an old lady crying sad because she had lost her ticket and was not able to afford another one. 13.I have found your tips on teaching so usefully. cheerfully energetic deeply many 查看答案 sadly useful 14.Also ， activity are arranged for you to spend weekends together with your host family ， so you can learn American English in authentic situations. 15.You can never be too careless when crossing the street . activities careful 查看答案 ( 二 ) 16.I ’ d like to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well. 17.I have found that some of my classmates study deeply into the night. 18.I also read news and watch videos on the Internet and from other source. 19.I have a lot of fun especial when learning English with cartoon movies. 20.My father didn ’ t realize the serious of driving a car after drinking . advice deep sources especially 查看答案 seriousness 21.If you only learn grammar rules by heart and don ’ t do enough exercise ， it ’ s certain that you can ’ t understand the language perfectly. 22.Lucky for me ， my parents can understand my stressful condition and often communicate with me with encouraging words. 23.A recent survey shows that many students have got into some bad living habit ， which do great harm to their health . exercises Luckily habits 查看答案 24.As long as you form health habits and keep them ， you ’ ll have a strong body and live a healthy life. 25.My dream is to become a successful doctor ， helping to save people lives. healthy people ’ s 查看答案 Ⅲ . 语法填空 (2018· 广西自治区二模 ) China may be home to both the longest and highest bridges in the world,1.         neither is as pioneering as the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge . 2 .            (build) during the 1960 ’ s ， the double-decked bridge 3 ._____________ ( consider) innovative when it was completed in 1968 . 解析 3 解析 2 解析 1 答案 but/yet Built was considered 解析　 考查连词。前一句中说中国也许有世界上最长和最高的桥，后面说没有一座桥能够与南京长江大桥一样具有开创性，两个句子之间是转折关系，故填表示转折的并列连词 but/yet 。 返回 解析　 考查非谓语动词。句意为：这座双层桥建于 20 世纪 60 年代，于 1968 年竣工时被认为是具有创新精神的。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词 build 和主语 the double-decked bridge 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填 Built 。 返回 解析　 考查动词的时态和语态。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，该空是句子的谓语， consider 和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语 “ when it was completed in 1968 ” 可知要用一般过去时，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 was considered 。 返回 But more importantly to some ， it was also the first modern bridge to be designed and built by China without help from foreign 4.           (architect). “ The bridge was so important that it ’ s undoubtedly a symbol of the city ， ” said Lu Andong ， a professor at Nanjing University ’ s School of Architecture and Urban Planning. “ It is being repaired 5.        transportation and safety purposes ， but I would expect the chance 6.           (transform) the bridge ’ s tower and the attached park into places of memory. ” With a length of over 5,000 feet ， the bridge 7.           (carry) both cars and trains.8.       (it) upper deck is a four-lane highway with sidewalks ， while the railway tracks are now part of the Beijing-Shanghai train route. 解析 8 解析 7 解析 6 解析 5 解析 4 答案 architects for to transform carries Its 解析　 考查名词单复数。句意为：更重要的是，这也是第一座没有外国建筑师的帮助、由中国自行设计和建造的现代桥梁。 architect 是可数名词，意为 “ 建筑师 ” ，前面没有冠词和限定词，所以要用复数形式。故填 architects 。 返回 解析　 考查介词。句意为：出于运输和安全的考虑，该桥正在检修，但我希望这是一次把桥塔和附属的公园变成记忆之地的机会。 for...purpose 为固定搭配，意为 “ 为 …… 目的 ” 。故填 for 。 返回 解析　 考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。 the chance to do sth.  为固定搭配，意为 “ 做某事的机会 ” 。故填 to transform 。 返回 解析　 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：大桥长度超过 5 000 英尺，既有汽车通过，也有火车通过。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为谓语动词，陈述了南京长江大桥的特点，所以要用一般现在时，且 the bridge 是第三人称单数形式，因此，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填 carries 。 返回 解析　 考查代词。句意为：它的上层是一条四车道并带有人行道的公路，而铁轨则是京沪火车路线的一部分。名词 upper deck 需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填 Its 。 返回 “ Everybody loves the bridge ， ” said Wang Shiqing ， a longtime Nanjing resident 9.           has collected over 1,000 pieces of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge souvenirs. “ It ’ s a source of pride,10.           (especial) for local Nanjing people ， ” he says. 答案 解析 10 解析 9 who/that especially 语篇解读 语篇解读 　本文对中国的南京长江大桥作了简单的描述，让读者对它有了初步的了解。 返回 解析　 考查定语从句。句意为： “ 人人都爱这座桥梁。 ” 一位长期住在南京的居民王世青说道。他已收集了超过 1 000 件南京长江大桥的纪念品。设空处是定语从句的引导词，先行词是 resident ，意为 “ 居民 ” ，指人；关系词在从句中作主语，故填 who/that 。 返回 解析　 考查 词性转换。句意为：这是一种自豪感的来源，尤其是对南京本地人来说。设空处修饰介词短语 for local Nanjing people ，要用副词。故填 especially 。 返回 Ⅳ . 短文改错 (2018· 山东青岛质检 ) Good teachers are like candles that gives warmth and light to students. Miss Wang is one of the good teacher of mine.I can still remember that cold morning when I was walking to school alone as usually.A motorbike knocked me down and race off . I was left on the icy ground ， cried loudly . 或 I was left on the icy ground ， cried loudly . 查看答案 give teachers usual raced ∧ and crying It was Miss Wang who sent me to nearest hospital.Besides ， she went to the hospital to help me with the missing lessons every day.The moment when I think of it ， I ’ ll feel warm. But I ’ d like to be a good teacher like him in the future. missed ∧ the So/And her 查看答案