【英语】2018届二轮复习并列句考点讲与练（含有解析）学案（8页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习并列句考点讲与练（含有解析）学案（8页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 并列句考点讲与练 ‎(一)并列句的4种类型 ‎1．表并列、递进或顺承关系：and，both...and...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...‎ The earth is one of the sun's planets，and the moon is our satellite.‎ 地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，月亮是地球的卫星。‎ ‎2．表转折、对比关系：but，yet，while ‎①The problem was a little hard，yet I was able to work it out.‎ 这道题有点难，然而我却把它做出来了。‎ ‎②The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.‎ 北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。‎ ‎3．表选择关系：or，otherwise，or else，either...or...，not...but...‎ Now you can either have a rest or you can go to the cinema.‎ 现在你可以休息，也可以去看电影。‎ ‎4．表因果关系：so，for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)‎ He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.‎ 由于他视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。‎ ‎(二)并列句的2大句式 ‎1．when“就在这时，突然”，常用以下句式 ‎·sb.be about to do/on the point of doing sth.when...某人正要做某事，突然……‎ ‎·sb.be doing sth.when....‎ 某人正在做某事，突然……‎ ‎·sb.had(just)done sth.when...‎ 某人刚做完某事，突然……‎ ‎①One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.‎ 当我们周五在收拾行李要去度周末时，我的女儿突然听到了呼救声。‎ ‎②She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.‎ 昨天她刚完成家庭作业，妈妈就让她练习钢琴。‎ ‎2．and与or/otherwise用于并列句 ‎·祈使句＋and＋陈述句(and表示顺承关系)‎ ‎·祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句(or/otherwise表示转折关系)‎ ‎①Find ways to praise your children often，and you'll find they will ‎ open their hearts to you.‎ 设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。‎ ‎②Hurry up，or/otherwise you will be late for class.‎ 快点儿，否则你们上课就迟到了。‎ 典题演练 Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2017·石家庄质检)I hope you'll soon feel calm or carry on to achieve your goal.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．(2017·资阳一次诊断)Not only did we take a break from our heavy school work，and also we learned how to communicate with each other.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．(2017·贵州遵义二联)When I was on the platform，and I was so nervous that much sweat was on my forehead.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．(2017·晋中一模)Success，to a great extent，can be influenced by luck，and this is not to say luck is an accident.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．(2017·温州联考)On Monday afternoon，we were playing ‎ basketball in the playground while I suddenly slipped and fell over.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6．(2017·全国名校联盟百校大联考)When we got there，the firefighters welcomed us but led us into an exhibition hall.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7．(2017·南平质检)I have an American friend，Marianne，she lives alone but has a pet dog，Sparky.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8．(2017·邯郸一模)The holiday came to an end when I knew it.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9．(2017·焦作一模)After arriving at school，I discussed with some classmates that we could do.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10．(2017·江西八所盟校联考)Then a man came in with his son，whom wanted to buy ice cream，too.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】　‎ ‎1．or→and　[句意：我希望你很快就会感到平静一些，继续实现你的目标。前后不是选择关系，故将or改为and。]‎ ‎2．and→but　[句意：我们不仅可以从沉重的课业中解脱出来，而且我们还学会了如何互相交流。not only...but also...为固定结构，‎ 意为：不仅……而且……。]‎ ‎3．去掉and　[句意：当我站在舞台上时，我紧张得额头都是汗。本句中从属连词和并列连词不能同时使用，故将and去掉。]‎ ‎4．and→but　[句意：成功在很大程度上受运气的影响，但这并不是说运气是一种偶然。前后部分为转折关系，故将and改为but。]‎ ‎5．while→when　[句意：周一的下午，我们正在操场上打篮球，突然我滑了一跤摔倒了。be doing sth.when...为常用句型，意为：正在做某事这时……。其中when相当于and at that time。]‎ ‎6．but→and　[句意：当我们到达那里时，消防队员们迎接了我们并把我们带到了一个展览厅。根据句意可知前后并不是转折关系，故将but改为and。]‎ ‎7．she→who　[句意：我有一位美国朋友Marianne，她独自生活却养了一条宠物狗Sparky。逗号不能连接两个句子，由此可见“she lives alone but has a pet dog，Sparky”应为定语从句，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语，指“人”，故将she改为who。]‎ ‎8．when→before　[句意：不知不觉地假期就结束了。直译为：在我知道之前，假期就结束了。故将when改为before。]‎ ‎9．that→what　[句意：到达学校后，我和一些同学讨论我们能做点什么。“that we could do”为宾语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“物”，故用what而不用that引导。]‎ ‎10．whom→who　[句意：后来一个人带着他的儿子走了进来，他也想买冰激凌。“whom wanted to buy ice cream，too”为非限制性定语从句，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故用who而非whom。]‎ 高考题型综合练 Ⅰ.语法填空 Everybody uses words 1 special meanings.The more exact we are，the more likely we are to use such words.A word，properly 2 (use)，can be as useful as several sentences，or even a picture.‎ As you study science，you will find that a diagram，a drawing， 3 a photograph may also help you learn and understand.Each of these special words 4 (describe)a kind of picture.It is important 5 (learn)the exact meanings of words like these.A photograph is a picture made with a camera.A drawing is a picture done with a pencil，a pen or crayons.A diagram is a drawing， 6 shows the important parts of a thing.‎ You will learn science words by learning their definitions.This means that you will learn how to describe what science words mean by 7 (choose)other more familiar words.Soon you will find how easy it is to express 8 (you)clearly with the help of science words.‎ Learning to use science words correctly is not 9 (differ)from learning to do anything well.We learn by practising and by 10 (constant)trying to improve.It is not so important to say the definitions of words，but it is quite important that we learn to use words correctly to express ideas.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文讲述了用词准确的重要性，用词恰当会事半功倍。‎ ‎1．with　[考查介词。对于纯空格类的语法填空题，‎ 如果空格出现在名词前面，很可能会填冠词、形容词性物主代词或介词等。根据句意可知，该空格处应填介词with，表示“具有，有”，“with special meanings”在句中作后置定语修饰words，意为“具有特殊意义的单词”。]‎ ‎2．used　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，而且所填单词并不是并列谓语，那么空格处就要用所给动词的非谓语形式。根据题意可知，A word和use之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。句中properly used为过去分词短语作条件状语，可改写为“if it is properly used”。]‎ ‎3．or　[考查连词。对于纯空格类的语法填空题，若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，则很可能填连词。根据语境可知，此处应填表示选择关系的连词or，此处表示一个图表、一幅画或一张照片都可能帮你学习和理解。]‎ ‎4．describes　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示每个特殊的单词都描绘一种特定的画面。此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；又因为句子的主语是Each，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。]‎ ‎5．to learn　[考查固定句型。在“It is＋adj.＋动词不定式”句型中，It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。]‎ ‎6．which　[考查定语从句的引导词。这是一个由关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，先行词为drawing。]‎ ‎7．choosing　‎ ‎[考查现在分词。此处表示这意味着你要通过选择其他更熟悉的单词来描绘科学词汇的意思。该句中用现在分词作方式状语。]‎ ‎8．yourself　[考查反身代词。句子的主语为you，后面的及物动词express后应用其反身代词形式，表示自己承受自己发出的动作。此处表示很快你就会发现在科学词汇的帮助下，你会很清楚地表达自己的意思。]‎ ‎9．different　[考查形容词。所给单词differ为动词，但因为空格前面出现了系动词is，故应用所给单词的形容词形式different。be different from是一个固定词组，表示“不同于”，相当于differ from。]‎ ‎10．constantly　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知空格处修饰trying to improve，应用副词。] ‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎ A good memory is of a great help in learning a language.Everybody learns his own language through remembering what he hears when he is a small child，but some children，like boys and girls who live abroad with parents，seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one.In school，it is not easy to learn the second language because the pupils have so little time for it，and they are busy with other subject，too.A man's mind is rather like a camera，but it took photos not only of what we see but also of what we hear，smell and taste.When we take a real photo with a camera，there is much to do when the photo is finishing and shown to our friends.On the same way it is much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever in our mind.‎ ‎【答案】　‎ A good memory is of great help in learning a language.Everybody learns his own language through remembering what he hears when he is a small child， some children，like boys and girls who live abroad with parents，seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one.In school，it is not easy to learn second language because the pupils have so little time for it，and they are busy with other ，too.‎ A man's mind is rather like a camera，but it photos not only of what we see but also of what we hear，smell and taste.When we take a real photo with a camera，there is much to do the photo is and shown to our friends. the same way is much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever in our mind.‎