【英语】上海市南洋模范中学2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试试题(解析版)

【英语】上海市南洋模范中学2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试试题(解析版)

上海市南洋模范中学2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试 英语试题 I. 略 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ ‎1.Rose was wild with joy the result of the examination.‎ A. to B. at C. by D. as ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：罗斯对考试的结果欣喜若狂。A. to到；B. at因为；C. by通过；D. as作为。固定短语：be wild with joy at“因为……而欣喜若狂”。故选B。‎ ‎2.E-mail as well as telephones ______ more and more popular in daily communication.‎ A. have become B. become C. are becoming D. is becoming ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：电子邮件和电话在日常交流中正变得越来越流行。结合语境表示此时此刻的情况应用现在进行时，as well as连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持主谓一致，E-mail是单数形式，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故选D。‎ ‎3.Space exploration has been made ______ with the development of modern science.‎ A. it possible B. it was C. that being possible D. possible ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查形容词。句意：随着现代科学的发展，太空探索已经成为可能。根据句意和结构可知此处为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，这里宾语是space exploration，这句话中宾语变成主语，谓语变成被动，形容词possible变成主语补足语。故选D。‎ ‎4.____ it with me, and I’ll see what I can do.‎ A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查祈使句。句意：把它交给我，我看看我能做些什么。分析句子结构可知，此处是祈使句，应使用动词原形。故选D。‎ ‎5.She was just about to explain ______ she hadn’t passed her maths test chiefly out of carelessness ______ her uncle came.‎ A. her mother, when B. to her mother why, that C. her mother that, when D. to her mother that, when ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查固定短语、宾语从句和固定句型。句意：她正要向母亲解释她数学考试不及格主要是由于粗心，这时她叔叔来了。第一空，根据短语explain to sb.“向……解释”后跟不定式，且后文为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分应用that引导，故第一空填to her mother that；第二空为固定句型sb. be about to do sth. when…“某人正要做某事，这时……”，故第二空填when。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】用when引导时间状语从句的句型结构搭配：‎ ‎1.sb. be about to do sth. when “刚要/即将正要做某事，突然……”‎ ‎2.sb. be doing sth. when “正在做某事突然……”‎ ‎3.sb. had done sth. when “刚刚做过某事突然……”‎ ‎4.sb. be at the point of doing sth. when “就在做某事的关键时刻，突然……”‎ ‎5.scarcelywhen/hardlywhen “几乎未来得及就……；刚一……就……”‎ ‎6.The way ______ you say something is ______ important than what you say.‎ A. /, much B. in which, far more C. that, much D. in that, much more ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句和短语辨析。句意：你说话的方式比你说的话重要得多。第一空为定语从句修饰先行词way，先行词为way时，只能由that/in which/不填引导，结合选项故排除A、D选项；第二空修饰形容词important应用副词或副词短语，根据后文than可知为比较级，far more“多得多”，故选B。‎ ‎7.If you go to Xi’an, you’ll find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly ____.‎ A. supposing B. suppose C. to suppose D. supposed ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你去西安，你会发现那里的宫殿比通常想象的要宏伟。补充完成句子是you’ll find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly (the palaces are) supposed. the palaces和suppose是被动的关系，省略the palaces are。故选D。‎ ‎8.I have great trouble ______ him to give up smoking.‎ A. to advise B. to persuade C. in suggesting D. in persuading ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我很难说服他戒烟。固定短语have trouble in doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”，此处表示“劝说”应用动词persuade，短语persuade sb. to do sth.“说服某人做某事”。故选D。‎ ‎9.You cannot rely on that fellow. What he does seldom ______ what he says.‎ A. agree to B. agrees on C. agree with D. agrees that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你不能信赖那个家伙。他所做的事很少与他所说的一致。A. agree to同意，接受；B. agrees on对……取得一致意见；C. agree with与……相一致，同意；D. agrees that同意。结合句意可知，此处指“他所做的事很少与他所说的一致”。故选C。‎ ‎10.There are still 30 minutes ____, so we ____ hurry with lunch.‎ A. going…needn’t B. to leave…don’t need C. leaving…needn’t to D. to go…needn’t ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词和情态动词。句意：仍然剩下三十分钟了，所以我们不必匆忙吃午饭。to go是不定式做定语，修饰minutes，表示剩下的30分钟，此时to go可与left互换；而needn’t是情态动词，后直接加动词原形；而don’t need中的need是实意动词，是don’t need to do sth.故选D。‎ ‎11.______ a hole in one of the walls. Otherwise, we couldn’t have seen what was going on inside the room.‎ A. There happened to be B. It happened to be C. There happened to have D. It happened to have ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查固定句式。句意：碰巧有一面墙上有个洞。否则，我们不可能看到房间里发生了什么。固定句式there happened to be表示“某处碰巧有某物”，there be表示“存在有……”，不能和have连用，C选项错误；It happened to be表示“结果碰巧是……”，故B、D选项与语境不符。故选A。‎ ‎12.______ his homework made his father lost in temper.‎ A. The boy’s not having done B. The boy not having done C. The boy’s having not done D. The boy having not done ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个男孩没有完成任务使他脾气暴躁的父亲气得发狂。此处为现在分词的复合结构做主语，动作发生在谓语动之前用having done形式，not需要放在分词前加以否定，因为该短语有逻辑主语the boy 但又不以单独的句子存在，所以不能按照正常的句子成分安排not在句中的否定位置。用the boy's 是该分词短语的逻辑主语。故选A。‎ ‎13.You should not miss ______ up for your ______ lessons.‎ A. to make, missing B. making, missed C. to make, missed D. making, missing ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词和形容词。句意：你不应该错过补课。第一空，根据短语miss doing sth.“错过做某事”，后跟动词-ing形式，可知第一空填making；第二空，修饰名词lessons，且表示“错过的”应用missed。故选B。‎ ‎14.Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music.‎ A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Helen不得不大声呼喊以盖过音乐的声音使自己被听到。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处使用不定式做目的状语，同时此处是make的复合结构，宾语herself和宾语补足语hear之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动。故选D。‎ ‎15.It ______ now pretty late, we took our things and returned to our room.‎ A. is B. being C. turned D. got ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在已经很晚了，我们拿着东西回到房间。分析句子结构可知此处为现在分词独立主格结构做状语，be与逻辑主语it构成主动关系，故选B。‎ ‎16.Yesterday I went to see him, ______ that he had gone for Beijing.‎ A. only to learn B. to learn only C. only learned D. learning only ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天我去看他，却获悉他两天前已经去了北京。only to一般指随后立刻发生的事，表示“结果却……，不料”，一般指失望、惊讶、不幸等等。根据语境可知，此处表示意料之外的结果。故选A。‎ ‎17.Last night we met with ______ rain at the station.‎ A. a quite heavy B. too heavy a C. such heavy a D. a so heavy ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查副词用法。句意：昨晚我们在车站遇到了一场大雨。too为程度副词，修饰形容词的顺序应该是“too +形容词+a/an+名词”，故应填too heavy a。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】副词too用法说明 ‎1. 表示“也”，通常用于肯定句或疑问句，不用于否定句；在否定句中要用either。如：‎ He doesn’t like it, either. 他也不喜欢它。‎ 不过，它可用于否定疑问句。如：‎ Won’t you come, too? 你要不要也来呢?‎ 注意，有时在肯定句之后跟一个否定句，表示“没有也……”，此时要用too。如：‎ He went to Washington, but not to New York too. 他去了华盛顿，但并不是也去了纽约。‎ 比较下面两句：‎ He didn’t buy a computer, and she didn’t either. 他没有买电脑，她也没有买。‎ He bought a computer, but she didn’t too. 他买了台电脑，但她没有也买台电脑。‎ ‎2. 表示“太”且其后修饰一个“a / an+形容词+名词”结构时，习惯上要改为“too +形容词+a/an+名词”。如：‎ It’s too good a chance to miss. 这个机会太好，不能错过。‎ ‎3. 与can’t, can never, impossible等连用，表示“越……越好”“无论……也不算过分”，注意不要从字面理解。如：‎ One can never be too careful. 越仔细越好。‎ It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。‎ You can’t watch your accounts too carefully. 账再仔细注意也不为过。‎ ‎18.Hank ______ a piece of music last month but it is still unknown whether he has finished it.‎ A. had composed B. composed ‎ C. has composed D. was composing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词时态。句意：汉克上个月正在创作一首曲子，但还不知道他是否已经完成了。表示过去某一时间点或一段时间正在进行的动作应用过去进行时。主语为Hank，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】英语动词时态用法归纳：过去进行时 ‎1. 构成：was / were+动词的现在分词。‎ ‎2. 基本用法：‎ ‎(1) 表示过去某一时间点或一段时间正在进行的动作。如：‎ What were you doing this time yesterday? 你昨天这个时候在干什么？‎ He was writing a book about grammar last year, but I don’t know whether he has finished it.他去年在写一本语法方面的书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了。‎ ‎(2) 过去进行时与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等表示感情色彩。如：‎ My brother was always losing his keys. 我哥哥老是丢钥匙。‎ The boy was continually asking the same question. 这个男孩子老是问同一个问题。‎ ‎(3)动词wonder, hope, think, want等的过去进行时表示语气委婉、客气。如：‎ We were wondering if you would stay with us for lunch. 我不知你能否留下来和我们一起吃午饭。‎ I was hoping you give me a chance to try the job. 我很希望你给我一个机会来试一试这个工作。‎ ‎(4)过去进行时表将来。如：‎ ‎—What were you doing when he came to see you?‎ ‎—I had just finished my homework and was leaving to He said his brother was leaving for Japan tomorrow. 他说他哥哥明天要去日本。‎ ‎19.They have no idea at all ______.‎ A. where he has gone B. why he was questioned by the police C. Both A and B D. where has he gone ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查名词性从句语序。句意：他们根本不知道他去哪儿了。/他们完全不知道他为什么被警察盘问。本句为宾语从句，从句部分需用陈述句语序，A、B选项均符合语境，故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】名词性从句的语序问题 名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同，尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句，不要受 它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如：‎ I don’t know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。‎ You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!‎ The problem is who can be sent to replace him. 问题是能派谁去顶替他。‎ Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。‎ ‎20.The United States, Britain, New Zealand and so on are ______ countries.‎ A. speaking-English B. English-speaking C. spoken- English D. English-spoken ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查形容词。句意：美国，英国，新西兰等都是讲英语的国家。表示“说英语的国家”应为English-speaking countries，spoken-English表示“英语口语”，其他选项不符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎21.I prefer ______ books ______ TV, because TV programs waste me a lot of time.‎ A. to read; to watch B. read; than watch C. reading; than to watch D. reading; to watching ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查固定短语。句意：比起看电视，我更喜欢看书，因为电视节目浪费了我很多时间。根据固定短语prefer doing sth. to doing sth.表示“比起做某事，更喜欢……”，故选D。‎ ‎22.______abroad for a tour can be a worthwhile experience to a senior high student.‎ A. Taking B. Taken C. Being taken D. Having been taken ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对一个高中生来说，被带去国外旅游是一次很有价值的经历。分析句子，缺少主语，此处应使用动名词，person和take之间是被动关系，因此用动名词的被动语态形式。D项Having been taken强调动作发生在谓语动作之前，不符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎23.This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ______ comfortably.‎ A. is worm B. wears C. wearing D. are worn ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查固定用法。句意：这种由有经验的工匠制造的眼镜戴起来很舒服。动词wear表示“穿，戴”需用主动表被动，此处描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为This kind of glasses，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式wears。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】什么情况下用主动形式表被动意义 ‎1. 连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。如：‎ The garden looks very beautiful. 这花园看上去很美。‎ Your idea proved to be wrong. 你的想法证实是错的。‎ ‎2. 当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：‎ The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。‎ The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。‎ ‎3. 有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如：‎ Her skirt caught on the nail. 她的裙子被钉子钩住了。‎ Her eyes filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了眼泪。‎ ‎4. 不定式to blame, to let 用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。如：‎ Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢？‎ The house is to let. 此屋出租。‎ ‎5. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：‎ The poem is difficult to understand. 这首诗很难懂。‎ The music isn’t pleasant to listen to. 这音乐不好听。‎ The picture is interesting to look at. 这幅画看起来挺有趣的。‎ 注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。‎ ‎24.William, one of the first man ______ the depths of the sea in a bathysphere, got interested in oceanography because of one book.‎ A. exploring B. having explored C. to explore D. to be explored ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：William是第一个在深海探索海洋深处的人之一，因为一本书而对海洋学产生了兴趣。名词man由序数词the first修饰，后跟不定式做后置定语，the first man to do sth.表示“第一个做某事的人”。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】用不定式作定语的几种情况：‎ 不定式表将来：‎ I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.‎ 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如：‎ He was the best man to do the job.‎ He was always the first to come and the last to leave.‎ She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.‎ Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.‎ 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如：‎ Do you have the ability to read and write English ?‎ I have a chance to go sight-seeing.‎ ‎25.The weather may not be fine tomorrow, in ______ case we’ll have to put the trip off.‎ A. whose B. which C. that D. the ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：明天天气可能不好，那样的话，我们就不得不推迟旅行了。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且做介词in的宾语，故用关系代词which。故选B。‎ ‎26.The instant he finished his description, I knew it would be years ______ everything got right.‎ A. that B. before C. when D. since ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查状语从句。句意：他一描述完，我就知道要过好几年一切才会好起来。此处为句型it will be…before…表示“要过多少时间才能够……”，故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】before用法归纳 ‎1. 用作介词，注意以下用法：‎ ‎(1) 表示时间，意为“在……以前”，其后只能接点时间或具有点时间意义的其他名词，而不能接一段时间。如：‎ I’ll be back before five o’clock. 我5点前回来。‎ We arrived there two days before Christmas. 我们于圣诞节前两天到达那儿。‎ ‎(2) 表示在两者中选择其一，意为“宁可……而不愿……”。如：‎ They would die before surrendering. 他们宁死而决不投降。‎ True men choose death before dishonor. 大丈夫可杀而不可辱。‎ ‎2. 用作连词引导时间状语从句，除表示“在……之前”这一基本义外，还有以下用法值得注意：‎ ‎(1) 表示“宁可……也不愿”。如 They would die before surrendering. 他们宁死不屈。‎ True men choose death before dishonor. 大丈夫可杀而不可辱。‎ ‎(2) 表示“不到……就”“还没有……就”。如：‎ Before the week was out, they were dead. 那个星期还没过完他们就死了。‎ Before he knew it, his piece of meat had fallen into the water. 他还没醒悟过来，那块肉就已经掉进了水里。‎ ‎(3) 表示“以免”“免得”。如：‎ Do it before you forget. 趁早动手，免得忘了。‎ Put down that knife before you hurt somebody! 把那刀子放下，以免伤人!‎ ‎(4) 表示“（必须）先……才能”。如：‎ The wrecked car had to be lifted before the driver could be extricated. 那辆撞毁的车子必须先移开，才能救出司机。‎ ‎(5) 表示“（多久后）才”“（多久后）就”。如：‎ It won’t be long before they understand each other. 过不了多久他们就会互相了解的。‎ It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary. 我们需要很长的时间才能把这部词典编译完。‎ ‎3. 用作副词，表示“以前”，注意以下用法：‎ ‎(1) 与具体时间连用（置于其后），通常与过去完成时连用（多见于宾语从句中）。如：‎ He said he had told her about it two years before. 他说他两年前就把那事告诉她了。‎ ‎(2) 泛指“以前”，不与具体时间连用，可完成时或过去时连用。如：‎ I (have) read the book before. 我以前读过这本书。‎ You should have told me so before. 你早就该告诉我了。‎ ‎27.______ with the evidence, he had no choice but to admit his crime.‎ A. Facing B. Faced C. To face D. Being faced ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对证据，他别无选择，只能承认自己的罪行。此处为短语be faced with“面对”，且“be+过去分词+介词”短语置于句首表示状态时, 可以直接省略掉be动词。本题可以将该分词结构看作是be faced with 短语置于句首作原因状语的省略。故选B。‎ ‎28.Animal’s ability to act reasonably in its environment is believed to come partly from ______ we may call “genetic learning”.‎ A. how B. which C. what D. why ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查连接词。句意：动物在环境中合理行动的能力被认为部分来自于我们所说的“遗传学习”。本句为宾语从句，且从句中缺少call的宾语，应用关系代词what，which表示“哪一个”不符合句意。故选C。‎ ‎29.Harry never enjoys visiting large cities because he thinks one such city is much like ______.‎ A. another B. the other C. the others D. others ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：Harry从不喜欢参观大城市，因为他觉得这样的城市都差不多。A. another另一个（不定数目中的）；B. the other另一个（通常与one搭配成one…the other…结构）；C. the others其余的人或物（特指）；D. others别的人或物（泛指）。题干中表示的是这样的城市和其它任何一个城市都差不多，故选A。‎ ‎30.The study of colors indicates ______ persuades people to think of the bank as a safe and reliable place.‎ A. what is it that B. it is what C. what it is that D. it is that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查宾语从句和强调句。句意：对颜色的研究表明，是颜色让人们认为银行是一个安全可靠的地方。本句考查强调句在宾语从句中的应用，indicate后宾语从句用陈诉语序，故排除A选项；且从句中缺少主语，指代“颜色”应用连接词what，且连接词必须位于从句句首。故选C。‎ Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ Americans know the benefits of having a healthy diet. In school, children learn to eat a variety of healthy foods. People grow up aware of the value of ___31___ calories. They hear about the health dangers of chemicals added to ___32___ food. They realize they shouldn’t eat too many sweets or fats. Many American consumers read ___33___ carefully for nutrition information. In that way they can compare products and eat the best foods.‎ Keeping fit-or maybe getting in shape-is often high on the list of New Year’s resolutions for Americans. In the past two decades, fitness has become a fashion. Many Americans have joined health clubs to work out with ___34___ equipment. Sports stores sell sports shoes and clothing for every possible exercise ___35___. People can even buy weights and equipment and set up their own exercise center at home!‎ Statistics give health experts good reason to be disappointed. Americans exercise less than they used to. The number of people taking part in fitness activities ___36___ from 41.7 million in 1991 to only 32 million in 1993. Among high school students, only 37 percent ___37___ three times per week. However, 70 percent of teenagers watch at least an hour of TV every day, and 38 ‎ percent watch over three hours. As a result, the ___38___ American gained eight pounds during the 1980s. At least one-third of Americans weigh 20 percent more than their ideal weight.‎ Still, by many ___39___, Americans enjoy good health. Medical care in the United States, while expensive, is among the best in the world. The U. S. Government ____40____ strict food inspections to ensure that food is of the highest quality. Food producers must label products accurately. Many resources, such as magazines, TV programs and even the Internet, allow people to find out how to improve their health. Americans know how to make themselves more healthy. They just need to do it.‎ ‎【答案】31. D 32. H ‎33. A 34. G ‎35. E 36. F ‎37. I 38. B ‎39. K 40. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国人知道健康饮食的好处，虽然统计数据表明美国人比以前锻炼得少了，但是以许多标准衡量，美国人享有良好的健康。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：人们从小就知道计算卡路里的价值。结合句意表示“计算”动词为count，且of为介词后跟动名词做宾语，故填counting。故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：他们听说了添加到包装食品中的化学物质对健康的危害。修饰名词food应用形容词packaged，表示“包装好的”，故填packaged。故选H。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：许多美国消费者仔细阅读标签上的营养信息。结合句意表示“标签”名词为label，且label为可数名词，前面没有冠词故用复数形式。故填labels。故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：许多美国人加入了健身俱乐部，使用专业设备进行锻炼。修饰名词equipment应用形容词professional，表示“专业的”。故填professional。故选G。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：体育用品商店出售运动鞋和运动服，以应对各种可能的运动情况。结合句意表示“情况”应填名词situation。故填situation。故选E。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：参加健身活动的人数从1991年的4170万人下降到1993年的3200万人。结合句意表示“下降”短语为drop down，且描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故填dropped。故选F。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：在高中生中，只有37%的人每周锻炼三次。结合句意表示“锻炼”且做谓语应填动词exercise，此处为描述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为students，故动词用原形。故填exercise。故选I。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：结果，美国人在20世纪80年代平均增重了8磅。结合句意表示“平均”average。故填average。故选B。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：尽管如此，以许多标准衡量，美国人享有良好的健康。结合句意表示“标准”应用名词standard，且standard为可数名词，由many修饰应用复数形式。故填standards。故选K。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：美国政府要求严格的食品检查以确保食品的质量。结合句意表示“要求”且做谓语应用动词require，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为The U. S. Government，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填requires。故选C。‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: Read the following passage. The passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best.‎ We’re told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens ___41___ written communication today. Learning cursive (草书的), joined-up handwriting was once ___42___ in schools. But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in school ___43___ typing courses. And in the US, the requirement to learn cursive has ‎ been left out of core standards since 2013. A few US states still place value on formative cursive education, such as Arizona, but they’re not the ___44___.‎ Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect benefits. Anne Trubek author of The history and Uncertain Future of Handwriting， argues that such lessons can ___45___ a skill called auto-maticity. That’s when you’ve perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking, granting you ___46___ mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while you’re doing the task. In this sense, Trubek compares handwriting to driving.‎ ‎“Once you have driven for a while, you don’t ___47___ think ‘Step on gas now’ or ‘Turn the steering wheel a bit,’” he explains. “You just do it. That’s what we want children to ___48___ when learning to write. You and I don’t think ‘now make a loop going up for the ‘I”-or “now look for the letter ‘r’ on the keyboard’. Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesn’t believe it will die out for a very long time. ___49___, she believes students are learning auto-maticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at earlier ages, and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence _____50_____. In an essay for the New York Times last year, Trubek argued that due to the _____51_____ automaticity of keyboards, today’s children may well become better communicators in text as handwriting takes up less of their education. This is a view that has attracted both criticism and support.‎ She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from _____52_____ regarding the decline of handwriting is that not protecting it will result in a “loss of history” and a “loss of _____53_____ touch.”‎ On the former she _____54_____ that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can’t be read by the average person anyway-“that’s why we have paleographers (古文字学家),” she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing-while the _____55_____ refers to the warm associations we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank-you cards. Some educators seem to agree, at least to an extent.‎ ‎41. A. defines B. dominates C. initiate D. benefits ‎42. A. compulsory B. satisfactory C. optional D. selective ‎43. A. in honor of B. for sake of C. in favor of D. on behalf of ‎44. A. majority B. necessity C. standard D. advocate ‎45. A. generate B. reveal C. measure D. strengthen ‎46. A. extra B. max C. important D. frequent ‎47. A. seriously B. occasionally C. formatively D. consciously ‎48. A. consider B. acquire C. forget D. associate ‎49. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Fortunately D. However ‎50. A. structure B. interpretation C. order D. selection ‎51. A. renewed B. accepted C. invented D. improved ‎52. A. students B. schools C. critics D. experts ‎53. A. intensive B. personal C. close D. constant ‎54. A. agrees B. persuade C. counter D. confirms ‎55. A. writing B. latter C. manuscript D. criticism ‎【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。在键盘和屏幕上打字在今天的书面交流中占主导地位，一些专家指出，书法课可能有间接的好处。Anne Trubek认为书法课程可以加强一种叫做自动识别的技能，她并不认为书法会在很长一段时间内消失。她还认为如今学生的打字速度比手写速度更快意味着学生能促进他们的自动识别能力。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在键盘和屏幕上打字在今天的书面交流中占主导地位。A. defines定义；B. dominates占据支配地位，控制；C. initiate开始；D. benefits受益。结合上文We’re told that writing is dying.可知手写正在消亡，故本句话指在键盘和屏幕上打字在今天的书面交流中占主导地位。故选B。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学习草书，联笔曾经是学校的必修课。A. compulsory必须做的，义务的；B. satisfactory满意的；C. optional可选择的；D. selective选择性的。结合后文But now, not so much.以及后文中学校放弃书法课程而选择打字课程，可知曾经书法课程是学校的必修课。but表示转折。故选A。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：像芬兰这样的国家已经放弃了在学校的书法课程，转而支持打字课程。A. in honor of为纪念；B. for sake of为了……；C. in favor of支持；D. on behalf of代表。结合上文Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in school可知有些国家已经放弃了书法课程，而转向支持打字课程。故选C。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国仍有几个州重视形成性草书教育，比如亚利桑那州，但它们不是大多数。A. majority多数；B. necessity需要；C. standard标准；D. advocate拥护者。结合上文提到打字在今天的书面交流中占主导地位，可知虽然美国仍有像亚利桑那州这样的几个州还在重视书法课程，但是它们比较已经不是大多数了。故选A。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：《书写的历史和不确定的未来》一书的作者Anne Trubek认为，书法课程可以加强一种叫做“自动识别”的技能。A. generate产生；B. reveal揭露；C. measure测量；D. strengthen加强。结合上文Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect benefits.可知本此处是指作者Anne Trubek认为书法课程可以加强一种叫做“自动识别”的技能。搭配后文skill“技能”应用动词strengthen“巩固，加强”更为合适。故选D。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这时你已经完善了一项任务，几乎不需要思考就能完成，这就给了你额外的思维空间，让你在执行任务时思考或做其他事情。A. extra额外的；B. max完全；C. important重要的；D. frequent频繁的。结合后文to think about or do other things while you’re doing the task可知能让你有额外的思维空间来思考或做其他事情。故选A。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他解释道:“一旦你开了一段时间车，你就不会有意识地想‘马上加大油门’或‘稍微转动一下方向盘’。”A. seriously严肃地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. formatively形成的；D. consciously有意识地，自觉地。根据常识，开车一段时间后，如何行驶成为一种下意识活动，人们不会再去有意识地想到底该如何开车。故选D。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是我们想让孩子们在学习书法课时学到的东西。A. consider考虑；B. acquire获得，学到；C. forget忘记；D. associate联系。根据后文when learning to write可知是指在学习书法课时学到的东西。故选B。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她认为，学生们学习键盘自动识别的速度要快于手写：学生们更早的时候就开始学习如何不用看键盘就能打字，而且打字的速度比他们写字的速度还快，这给了他们更多的时间来思考单词的选择或句子的结构。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. However然而。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选D。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，她认为，学生们学习键盘自动识别的速度要快于手写：学生们更早的时候就开始学习如何不用看键盘就能打字，而且打字的速度比他们写字的速度还快，这给了他们更多的时间来思考单词的选择或句子的结构。A. structure结构；B. interpretation解释；C. order命令；D. selection选择。根据后文sentence可知是指思考单词的选择和句子的结构，其它选项不符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：特鲁贝克在去年为《纽约时报》撰写的一篇文章中指出，由于键盘的自动化程度有所提高，如今的孩子很可能成为更好的文字交流者，因为手写所占的教育程度较低。A. renewed重新开始；B. accepted接受；C. invented发明；D. improved改善。根据第一段中Typing on keyboards and screens dominates written communication today. Even scribbling a signature has become rarer due to the prevalence of chip-and-pin credit cards.以及生活实际可知，键盘的自动化技术是在提高，故选D。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她解释说，她从批评者那里听到的关于书法衰落的两个最常见的论点是，不保护它将导致“历史的丢失”和“个人风格的丧失”。A. students学生；B. schools学校；C. critics评论家；D. experts专家。结合上文This is a view that has attracted both criticism and support.可知此处是批评者的两个论点。故选C。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她解释说，她从批评者那里听到的关于书法衰落的两个最常见的论点是，不保护它将导致“历史的丢失”和“个人风格的丧失”。A. intensive集中的；B. personal个人的；C. close紧密的；D. constant不变的。在手写中，每个人的字都不一样，因此每个人都有自己风格，故书法的衰落会导致个人风格的丧失。故选B。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：前者她反驳说，95%的手写手稿无论如何都不能被普通人阅读——“这就是为什么我们有古文字学家，”她解释说，古文字学是研究古代的书写风格，而后者则是指我们对手写的个人笔记，如感谢卡，给予的温暖联想。A. agrees同意；B. persuade说服；C. counter反驳，还击；D. confirms确认。结合后文95% of handwritten manuscripts can’t be read by the average person anyway可知Trubek是在对批评家说的书法衰落导致“历史的丢失”而进行反驳。故选C。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：前者她反驳说，95%的手写手稿无论如何都不能被普通人阅读——“这就是为什么我们有古文字学家，”她解释说，古文字学是研究古代的书写风格，而后者则是指我们对手写的个人笔记，如感谢卡，给予的温暖联想。A. writing书写；B. latter后者；C. manuscript手稿；D. criticism批评。上文批评家提出了两个论点，上文中Trubek对前者“历史的丢失”进行了反驳，故此处是在反驳第二个论点，即后者。故选B。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s (兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?‎ Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.‎ The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “ but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”‎ The study also found that within that group, misnaming occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.‎ The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1, 700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them — family or friend — had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.‎ In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misname was frustrated, tired or angry.‎ ‎56. What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?‎ A. It is related to the way our memories work.‎ B. It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.‎ C. It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.‎ D. It often causes misunderstandings among people.‎ ‎57. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?‎ A. Similar personality traits. B. Similar spellings of names.‎ C. Similar physical appearance. D. Similar pronunciation of names.‎ ‎58. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?‎ A. It more often than not hurts relationships.‎ B. It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.‎ C. It is most frequently found in extended families.‎ D. It most often occurs within a relationship groups.‎ ‎59. The passage is mainly about ______.‎ A. scientific research on misnaming and their findings.‎ B. why mother misname their kids more often than fathers.‎ C. a brain test to explain why misnaming functions in its way.‎ D. the advantages and disadvantages of misnaming children.‎ ‎【答案】56. A 57. D 58. D 59. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现，叫错我们生活中最熟悉的人的名字是一种常见的认知错误，与我们的记忆如何分类和存储熟悉的名字有关。文章说明了这项研究的过程，以及一些研究结果。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.可知，根据第一项针对这一主题的研究，叫错我们生活中最熟悉的人的名字是一种常见的认知错误，与我们的记忆如何分类和存储熟悉的名字有关。由此可知，David Rubin的研究发现，叫错名字与我们的记忆运作方式有关。故选A。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句The study also found that within that group, misnaming occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob.可知，研究还发现，在这个群体中，当名字的首字母或内部发音相同时，就会出现叫错名字，比如Jimmy和Joanie，或者John和Bob。由此可知，叫错名字最可能的原因是相似的名字发音。故选D。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.可知，所有的调查都发现，人们在孙辈、朋友和兄弟姐妹等关系群体中会混淆名字，但很少会跨越这些界限。由此可知，对1700多名调查对象的调查发现，叫错名字最常发生在关系群体中。故选D。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第二段中According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.可知，根据第一项针对这一主题的研究，叫错我们生活中最熟悉的人的名字是一种常见的认知错误，与我们的记忆如何分类和存储熟悉的名字有关。结合文章主要内容围绕着叫错名字这一研究的过程和研究结果而展开。由此可知，这篇文章主要是关于叫错名字的科学研究和他们的发现。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】主旨大意主要的解题策略有：‎ ‎（1）标题类。文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子，它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。‎ ‎（2）主旨类。概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。‎ 如第四小题，属于主旨类。根据第二段中According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.可知，根据第一项针对这一主题的研究，叫错我们生活中最熟悉的人的名字是一种常见的认知错误，与我们的记忆如何分类和存储熟悉的名字有关。结合文章主要内容围绕着叫错名字这一研究的过程和研究结果而展开。由此可知，这篇文章主要是关于叫错名字的科学研究和他们的发现。故选A。‎ ‎(B)‎ Chicago Doctor Invents Affordable Hearing Aid Superb Performance From Affordable Digital Hearing Aids Board certified Ear, Nose, and Throat physician Dr. Cherukuri has done it once again with his newest invention of a medical grade, ALLDIGITAL, affordable hearing aid.‎ Dr. Cherukuri knew that untreated hearing loss could lead to depression, social isolation, anxiety, and symptoms consistent with Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease In his practice he knew ‎ that many of his patients would benefit from new digital hearing aids but many couldn’t afford the expense, which is not generally covered by Medicare and most private health insurance policies.‎ Same Technology as $3, 500 Hearing Aids He evaluated all the high-priced digital hearing aids on the market and then created his own affordable version-called MD Hearing Aid AIR for its virtually invisible, light weight appearance. This doctor designed digital hearing aid delivers clear sound all day long and the soft flexible ear domes are so comfortable you won’t realize you are wearing them.‎ This new digital hearing aid is packed with the features of $3,500 competitors at a small part of the cost. Now most people with hearing loss are able to enjoy crystal clear, natural sound-in a crowd, on the phone, in the wind-without “whistling” and annoying background noise.‎ Try It at Home with a 45 Day Riskfree trial Of course hearing is believing, and we invite you to try it for yourself with our RISKFREE 45 Day home trial. If you are not completely satisfied simply return it within that time period for a full refund of your purchase price.‎ ‎·Mini behind-x001F-the-x001F-ear Digital Hearing Aid ‎·Audiologist-x001 F-Tested ‎·FDA-X001F-Registered ‎·FREE Shipping in the USA ‎·Batteries Included! Comes Ready To Use ‎·Doctor-x001 Recommended ‎·Nearly Invisible ‎·Thousands of satisfied Customers ‎·100% Money-x001 F-Back Guarantee For the lowest price Call Today 8003156343‎ Phone Lines Open 24 Hours EVERY DAY Use Offer Code ct13 to get Free Batteries for a Full Year!‎ ‎60. Dr. Cherukuri invented his MD Hearing Aid AIR in order to ______.‎ A. provide patients with low-priced hearing aid of high quality.‎ B. make high-priced hearing aid easily accessible on the market.‎ C. prevent untreated diseases such as depression and social isolation D. have the expense of the hearing aid covered in health insurance policies ‎61. According to the passage, which of the following about MD Hearing Aid AIR is TRUE?‎ A. Its price is no more than 43, 500 including delivery fee.‎ B. It’s not easy for others to notice a patient wearing the hearing aid.‎ C. Patients wearing the hearing aid will not hear any background sound.‎ D. Patients are guaranteed to get the money any background sound.‎ ‎62. The passage is primarily written to ______.‎ A. encourage people to try the new product.‎ B. instruct people how to us a new electronic device.‎ C. provide the latest information about hearing health.‎ D. illustrate the importance of affordable hearing aid.‎ ‎【答案】60. A 61. B 62. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Cherukuri博士发明的一款价格低廉的助听器MD Hearing Aid AIR，以及这款助听器的价格、服务等情况。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中In his practice he knew that many of his patients would benefit from new digital hearing aids but many couldn’t afford the expense, which is not generally covered by Medicare and most private health insurance policies.可知在他的实践中，他知道他的许多病人将受益于新的数字助听器，但许多人负担不起这笔费用，而医疗保险和大多数私人健康保险政策通常不包括这笔费用。由此可推知，Cherukuri博士发明了MD Hearing Aid AIR，是为了给患者提供价格低廉的助听器。故选A。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Same Technology as $3, 500 Hearing Aids部分中He evaluated all the high-priced digital hearing aids on the market and then created his own affordable version-called MD Hearing Aid AIR for its virtually invisible, light weight appearance.可知他评估了市场上所有高价的数字助听器，然后创造了他自己的价格适中的版本——MD Hearing Aid AIR，因为它几乎看不见，重量也很轻。由此可知，别人很难注意到病人戴着MD Hearing Aid AIR。故选B。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章主要介绍了Cherukuri博士发明的一款价格低廉的助听器MD Hearing Aid AIR的情况。由此可推知，这篇文章主要是为了鼓励人们尝试这款新产品。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】写作意图推理判断题。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和理论依据，客观地使读者信服某种想法和观点。这种题型要求我们不仅要理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作手法进行归纳、总结和分析的能力。推测作者的写作意图时，不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的。故事类记叙文的写作目的通常是娱乐读者（to entertain）；广告类应用文的写作目的是推销产品或服务人们（to persuade）；议论文的写作目的是阐述论点（to argue）；科普文化类说明文的写作目的是介绍知识，帮助大家广闻博见（to inform）。如第三小题，根据文章主要介绍了Cherukuri博士发明的一款价格低廉的助听器MD Hearing Aid AIR的情况。由此可推知，这篇文章主要是为了鼓励人们尝试这款新产品。故选A。‎ ‎(C)‎ What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem totally impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry of her blood. Any chemical change in the mother’s blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.‎ In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.‎ As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.‎ ‎63. Which of the following statements is not true?‎ A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects during their pregnancy.‎ B. It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development.‎ C. The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.‎ D. There are no connection between mother’s nervous systems and her unborn child’s.‎ ‎64. A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that ______.‎ A. she is emotionally shocked B. she has a good knowledge of inheritance C. she takes part in all kind of activities D. she sticks to studying ‎65. According to the passage, a child may inherit ______.‎ A. everything from his mother B. a knowledge of mathematics C. a rather general ability that we call intelligence D. her mother’s musical ability ‎66. If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will _____.‎ A. surely become musician B. mostly become a poet C. possibly become a teacher D. become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized around music ‎【答案】63. B 64. A 65. C 66. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文属于说明文阅读。文章介绍了母亲对未出生孩子的影响以及遗传问题，如果一个母亲在情绪上很震惊会影响她未出生的婴儿，而孩子的成长环境也会对他们造成一定的影响。而人们有理由相信，人们继承的东西必须是某种非常简单的行为，而不是任何复杂或非常明确的行为。至于其他能力的形成，完全由孩子成长的环境中的力量决定。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem totally impossible.可知，我们对产前发育的了解，使得母亲在怀孕期间通过学习诗歌、艺术或数学来塑造未出生孩子的性格的所有这些尝试似乎完全不可能。由此可知，我们是能了解到产前发育知识的，故B选项“我们完全不可能学到任何有关产前发育的知识”表述错误，故选B。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry of her blood.可知，对母亲的情感冲击将影响她的孩子，因为它改变了她腺体的活动，从而改变了她血液的化学性质。由此可知，如果一个母亲受到感情上的打击，她就会影响她未出生的孩子。故选A。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence.可知，但是，孩子可能或多或少地继承了一种我们称为智力的相当普遍的能力。由此可知，一个孩子可能继承了一种相当普遍的能力，我们称之为智力。故选C。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the ‎ child may become a musician.可知，至于音乐能力，可能是遗传的是特别敏感的耳朵，手的特殊结构或神经和肌肉之间的发声器官的连接，这使得学习音乐家必须执行的动作相对容易些，尤其是充满活力 情绪。 如果所有这些因素都围绕音乐进行组织，那么孩子可能会成为音乐家。由此可知，如果一个孩子从他的母亲那里继承了一些东西，比如一个特别敏感的耳朵，一种特殊的手的结构或发声器官，而且所有这些因素都是围绕着音乐来组织的，那么他将成为一个音乐家。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。‎ 如第2小题，属于一一对应型。根据第一段中An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry of her blood.可知，对母亲的情感冲击将影响她的孩子，因为它改变了她腺体的活动，从而改变了她血液的化学性质。由此可知，如果一个母亲受到感情上的打击，她就会影响她未出生的孩子。故选A。‎ Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ The Polities of Social Media In recent years, social media has become the fastest way to reach the greatest number of people. ___67___ Because of this, politicians have started using it extensively to further their campaigns.‎ Initially, this sounds like a good idea. Politicians need to use methods that are familiar and relevant to voters, and social media is much more interactive than traditional campaign advertising. ___68___ By inter-acting on social media, politicians can find out what is truly important to constituents (选民). In a way, this makes the process even more democratic.‎ ‎___69___. In a US Senate election, a conservative organization conducted a campaign against the Democratic candidate Martha Coakley. It opened several fake accounts and sent out Twitter messages accusing her of accepting bribes, Twitter found out about it and shut the accounts down, but the messages had already reached over 60,000 people, and the result stayed in ‎ search engines even longer. She lost the election to the Republican candidate, and while there are other reasons that are likely to have influenced her loss, this shows how easily false information can spread.‎ Of course, the false information online doesn’t only come from politicians. There are a host of other ways news sources and advertisers try to influence our views. Even respected news sites such as CNN have used staged reports related to war news, just to create a greater sense of drama. ___70___. If you follow the news closely, it’s usually easy to see whether the news is more conservative or liberal leaning.‎ Does social media make politics more transparent or does it distort them even more? That may depend on what sites you read and how well you check your facts.‎ A. Perhaps the speed and extent is all that has really changed.‎ B. However, it can also be misused in a way that is far more effective than negative advertising.‎ C. Most news outlets, while supposedly unbiased(无偏见的), do have certain political preference.‎ D. If a politician does something ridiculous online, people notice and call them out on it.‎ E. A tweet or video can reach hundreds of thousands in just a few hours.‎ F. Users can comment on statements and make suggestions for new discussions.‎ ‎【答案】67. E 68. F 69. B 70. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了近年来，社交媒体已经成为接触最多人群的最快方式。政客们也可以利用社交媒体来与选民互动，但是社交媒体也可能因为被滥用而传播虚假信息。以及大多数新闻媒体，虽然被认为是公正的，但确实有一定的政治倾向。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 结合上文In recent years, social media has become the fastest way to reach the greatest number of people.可知近年来，社交媒体已经成为接触最多人群的最快方式。本句承接上文说明社交媒体能很快接触人群的表现，如一条推特或一段视频在短短几个小时内就能触及数十万人。故E选项“一条推特或一段视频在短短几个小时内就能触及数十万人”符合上下文语境，故选E。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 结合后文By inter-acting on social media, politicians can find out what is truly important to constituents. In a way, this makes the process even more democratic.可知通过在社交媒体上互动，政客们可以发现什么对选民真正重要。在某种程度上，这使得整个过程更加民主。由此可知，本句是在说明人们可以与政客在网上进行互动，用户可以评价政客们的声明，并提出建议，这样有助于过程更加民主。故F选项“用户可以对声明进行评论，并对新的讨论提出建议”符合上下文语境，故选F。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 结合后文She lost the election to the Republican candidate, and while there are other reasons that are likely to have influenced her loss, this shows how easily false information can spread.可知她在选举中输给了共和党候选人，虽然可能有其他原因影响她的失败，但这表明虚假信息很容易传播。由此可知，后文的举出Martha Coakley的例子是在说明发达的社交网络也可能被人滥用，从而导致严重后果。故B选项“然而，它也可能被滥用，其效果远远超过负面广告”符合上下文语境，故选B。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 根据后文If you follow the news closely, it’s usually easy to see whether the news is more conservative or liberal leaning.可知如果你密切关注新闻，通常很容易看出新闻是倾向于保守派还是自由派。由此可知，本句是在说明新闻也是带有一定政治倾向的。故C选项“大多数新闻媒体，虽然被认为是公正的，但确实有一定的政治倾向”符合上下文语境，故选C。‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words, Use your own words as far as possible.‎ If someone you know asks you nosy (爱管闲事的) questions, then you are not obliged to answer if you don’t want to. Here it is more important that you have some polite brush-off (拒绝), but it is still not rude for you to refuse.‎ If you think they shouldn’t have asked the question like ‘How much money do you earn?’, then I strongly recommend looking very shocked and saying ‘I can’t believe you just asked me that!’ and either leaving them to get out of it or moving on yourself to another subject. If they try to press you by saying ‘I was just interested…’. Then you can keep the shocked look and say ‘I’ m not telling you that with as much emphasis as you like on the ‘you’.‎ But what if the question isn’t quite so unforgivable? Then you need a more smiling response: ‘I can’t possibly tell you that’ or ‘I’m not telling anyone that’ or ‘Wouldn’t you like to know?’ But you must stand firm, because otherwise they’ll never learn and will keep expecting you to tell them your innermost secrets. There is certainly never any need to tell your secrets just because someone else told theirs.‎ There are questions that seem perfectly reasonable- ‘Are you planning to move?’, ‘Are you going to go back to work?’, ‘Are you going on holiday this year?’-but if answered truthfully might lead to unexpected revelations of something bad. Here you are free to tell white lies and say ‘We don’t know/ haven’t decided yet/ haven’t really thought about it’. Looking vague and changing the subject is the key here. If the question was reasonable, then it’s polite to embarrass the asker as little as possible-they were probably only making conversation in the first place.‎ ‎【答案】If asked nosey questions, you can ignore them politely or refuse to answer them. For unforgivable questions, you can strongly express your unwillingness to answer them. For not-so-unforgivable questions, you must be firm to say you can not answer them. For reasonable questions which may reveal something bad, you can tell white lies or give vague answers.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇概要写作。‎ ‎【详解】写作步骤 ‎1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了如果你被问到一些爱管闲事的问题，你可以礼貌地忽略它们或者拒绝回答它们。对于不可原谅的问题，你可以明确表示不愿意回答。对于不那么不可原谅的问题，你必须坚定地说你不能回答。对于那些可能会揭露坏事的合理的问题，你可以善意地说谎或给出含糊的回答。‎ ‎2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。‎ ‎3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。‎ ‎4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：‎ ‎（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。‎ ‎（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。‎ ‎（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。‎ ‎（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。‎ ‎（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。‎ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎72. 你安排了车来飞机场接我，想得真周到。( arrange)‎ ‎73. 医生告诫家长吃太多垃圾食品和快餐食品对孩子身体有害。(warn)‎ ‎74. 通过新技术，这一开发区域为中国发展最快的区域之一。( prove)‎ ‎75. 我们能保证你会对我们产品和服务的质量感到满意。( guarantee)‎ ‎76. 他常常由于巨大的工作压力而整夜失眠，这令家人对他的健康忧心忡忡。( which)‎ ‎【答案】72. It’s very considerate of you to have arranged for a car to pick me up/meet me at the airport.‎ ‎73. The doctors warn the parents that eating too much junk food and fast food is bad for children’s health.‎ ‎74. Through the new technology, the development zone has proved to be one of the fastest developing areas in China.‎ ‎75. We can guarantee that you will be pleased with the quality of our products and service.‎ ‎76. He often stays awake the whole night due to enormous work pressure, for which his family is much worried about his health.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和固定句型。固定句型it is considerate of sb. to do sth.“某人做某事很体贴周到”；pick sb. up“顺路接某人”；arrange for“安排”。本句中arrange做非谓语动词，且表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，可用to have done结构。主句用一般现在时。故翻译为It’s very considerate of you to have arranged for a car to pick me up/meet me at the airport.‎ ‎【73题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句和非谓语动词。固定短语be bad for one’s health表示“对身体有害”；本句为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导；结合句意主从句都应用一般现在时，且从句中主语为动名词短语eating too much junk food and fast food，故谓语动词用is。主句主语为doctors，谓语动词用原形。故翻译为The doctors warn the parents that eating too much junk food and fast food is bad for children’s health.‎ ‎【74题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。短语prove to be表示“结果是，证明是”，结合句意应用现在完成时，主语为the development zone，助动词应用has。故翻译为Through the new technology, the development zone has proved to be one of the fastest developing areas in China.‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。短语be pleased with表示“满意于”；本句为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。且结合句意从句应用一般将来时。故翻译为We can guarantee that you will be pleased with the quality of our products and service.。‎ ‎【76题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。短语due to“因为，由于”；enormous work pressure“巨大的工作压力”；be worried about“担心”。结合句意可知主句应用一般现在时，主语为he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；从句为“介词+关系代词”结构非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且表示“为此”结构为for which。故翻译为He often stays awake the whole night due to enormous work pressure, for which his family is much worried about his health.‎