【英语】2018届二轮复习动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练学案（15页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练学案（15页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are_removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is (be) full of fat and salt; by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.‎ ‎6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm resting (rest)．‎ ‎7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah was_told (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.‎ ‎8．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to_prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ ‎9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But at the moment, school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.goes→went ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”Turning→Turn ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.interesting→interested ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！came→comes;_pick前加to ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.took→taken;_become→became ‎[锁定薄弱点]‎ ‎1．考生因不能判定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词而失分。‎ ‎2．动词的时态和语态是考查谓语动词时的必考点，考生在答题时如果分析不到位或相关知识欠缺，则容易误填答案。‎ ‎3．非谓语动词因其蕴含形式多变、用法繁杂等特征，考生容易出现理解失误而造成失分。 ‎ ‎1．找句中“题眼”，确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 ‎(1)若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语 一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语。一般来讲，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应填谓语动词。谓语动词需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of achievement.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，故所给动词作谓语，谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且根据语境可知时态为一般现在时。故填is。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2016·四川高考)The giant panda __61__ (love) by people throughout the world.‎ 分析：‎ 分析句子结构可知，句子中没有谓语，故空格处应作谓语。大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，应用一般现在时；且panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is loved。‎ ‎(2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。‎ 非谓语动词需确定是v.ing形式、v.ed形式还是不定式。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __43__ (create) special designs.‎ 分析：本句中已经有谓语动词combine，且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语，故填to create。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include __67__ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ 分析：句中已有谓语动词include，且无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。include为及物动词，其后加名词或动名词作宾语，再结合提示词introduce和空后的名词visitors可知，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填introducing。‎ ‎(3)排除干扰，切忌“只见树木不见森林”‎ ‎[典例1]　(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __49__ (be) too violent for use at the table.‎ 分析：看到此题，考生可能会根据and认为应与前面的某个成分并列，是与believed并列、与would remind并列还是与killings并列？分析句子结构可知，believed后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。但此处描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时，又因主语是knives，故填were。 ‎ ‎[典例2]　(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers __68__ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ 分析：本题存在一题多义、一词多性的特征，考生易误填was conducted或were conducted。因为考生容易把names误作名词而认为空格处应填动词。实际上，分析句子结构可知，空格所在句已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。‎ 6 ‎[题组一]‎ 示例 ‎①He volunteered to help control traffic, ________ (donate) an hour of his time every week. ‎ ‎②He volunteered to help control traffic, and ______ (donate) an hour of his time every week.‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，①中空格处为现在分词作伴随状语；②中空格处与volunteered并列作谓语。故①填donating；②填donated。‎ ‎[题组二]‎ 示例 ‎①________ (call) me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. ‎ ‎②________ (call) me tomorrow, I’ll let you know the lab result.‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，①句为句式“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”；②句为分词短语作条件状语。故①填Call；②填Calling。‎ ‎[题组三]‎ 示例 ‎①The guide ________ (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. ‎ ‎②The guide ________ (lead) the way, so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词so。分析句子结构可知，①句为独立主格结构作原因状语；②句so连接两个并列句，空格处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词一致。故①填leading；②填led。‎ ‎[题组四]‎ 示例 ‎①The party will be held in the garden, weather ________ (permit)．‎ ‎②The party will be held in the garden, if weather ________ (permit)．‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词if。分析句子结构可知，①句为独立主格结构作条件状语；②句为if引导的条件状语从句。故①填permitting；②填permits。‎ ‎[题组五]‎ 示例 ‎①Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention ________ (fix) on it. ‎ ‎②Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (with) all his attention ________ (fix) on it. ‎ ‎③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, ______ (fix) all his attention on it.‎ 分析 三句的差别是逗号后面的部分。分析句子结构可知，①句为and连接两个并列句，通过时态、语态的分析，应用一般过去时的被动语态；②句为独立主格结构(with复合结构)；③句为现在分词短语作伴随状语。故①填was fixed；②填fixed；③填fixing。‎ ‎[题组六]‎ 示例 ‎①He went into the room, ________ (sit) at the table and began to read newspapers. ‎ ‎②They walked along the stream together, ________ (talk) and laughing.‎ 分析 两句看似结构一致，但仔细分析却是大相径庭。①句为and连接三个并列谓语；②句为and连接两个伴随状语。故①填sat；②填talking。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·潍坊实验中学模拟)It is very difficult for parents to decide whether to_have (have) a second child or not.‎ ‎2．Most players are_traded (trade) to another team at least three times in their careers.‎ ‎3．(2017·合肥市质检)She says the shoes produced (produce) by machine are not of the same quality as handmade ones.‎ ‎4．(2017·临汾一中等五校联考)Then I went to bed and thought (think) about my dreams.‎ ‎5．Finally I refused to attend classes, shutting (shut) myself in my room for hours.‎ ‎6．(2017·沈阳市模拟)Everyone is talking about culture shock nowadays, but you may wonder what it actually means (mean)．‎ ‎7．(2017·南昌市模拟)China will allow all couples to have two children, giving (give) up its decadeslong onechild policy.‎ ‎8．(2017·新余市模拟)Many people have_sought (seek) a variety of sources for their happiness.Some have put their heart and effort into their ‎ work.‎ ‎9．(2017·日照市校际联合检测)Visiting (visit) this section would keep you updated about the fashion.‎ ‎10．(2017·株洲市质检)Music is a sweet language to show love to those who love us and those who are_loved (love) by us.‎ ‎11．(2017·沈阳二中模拟)Usually, students have four classes every day, each class lasting (last) for 70 minutes.‎ ‎12．(2017·济南一中模拟)Many people travel during the holiday season but do not make sure that their houses and homes are_protected (protect)．‎ ‎13．What people in employment want from a job varies (vary) greatly from person to person.‎ ‎14．(2017·湖南省十三校联考)Scientists have discovered that staying (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight.‎ ‎15．(2017·山师附中模拟)In nineteen sixty, Wilma Rudolph became the first American woman to_win (win) three gold medals in one Olympics.‎ ‎16．(2017·邯郸市模拟)Even today the books printed (print) at the time are valuable and treasured by libraries and book collectors.‎ ‎17．(2017·邯郸市模拟)To_overcome (overcome) these shortcomings, Bi Sheng invented the movable type during the years between 1041 and 1048.‎ ‎18．(2017·湖北省部分重点中学联考)Smartphone addiction ‎ has_spread (spread) like an infectious disease during the past few years.‎ ‎19．(2017·石家庄市模拟)If the water is too hot, nutrients(营养) in the tea will_be_destroyed (destroy)．‎ ‎20．(2017·深圳市模拟)My teacher saw me panicstricken and smiled at me, gesturing (gesture) that I must go.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2017·天水市诊断考试)Stand in front of the school gate, I wondered what to do next.Stand→Standing ‎2．(2017·唐山一中调研考试)We can also enjoy music, watching sports and play computer games on the net.watching→watch ‎3．(2017·沈阳二中测试)Think that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong.Think→Thinking ‎4．Taking according to the instructions, the medicine will work for your headache.Taking→Taken ‎5．(2017·成都外国语学校模拟)Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.Have→Having ‎6．(2017·合肥市质检)Taking good care of ourselves and don’t let our parents worry about us.Taking→Take ‎7．(2017·吉大附中模拟)As for me, read a good book is just like talking with a learned person.read→reading ‎8．(2017·邯郸市模拟)On the other hand, his spoken English is so excellent that he has no difficulty communicate with you in English.communicate→communicating ‎9．(2017·皖南八校联考)The busy father smiled, finished eating, and sweeping the desk clean into the dustbin including Molly’s junk.sweeping→swept ‎10．(2017·延安市模拟)Nowadays with modern life go rapidly, many people suffer from different kinds of diseases, both mentally and physically.go→going 1 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2017·大庆实验中学模拟)Development often __69__ (give) us the excuse to destroy the environment.‎ 分析：本句表示经常做的事情，应用一般现在时，故填gives。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·青岛市质检)When I also drove forward, a man __63__ (stand) outside the car and talking to each driver as they drove past.‎ 分析：表示过去的某个时候正在做某事，应用过去进行时，故填was standing。‎ 2 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so ‎ far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2017·潍坊市模拟)Last Friday a storm __61__ (sweep) through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes.‎ 分析：句中有表示时间的标志性状语Last Friday，判定应用一般过去时，故填swept。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·长春市调研测试)If we are satisfied with only a few rules we __69__ (memorize) so far, we are not really learning the language.‎ 分析：so far表示“迄今为止”，与其匹配的时态是现在完成时，故填have memorized。‎ 3 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2017·福州市质检)Due to the hard training they __66__ (do) before, their performances were very impressive.‎ 分析：主句的时态为一般过去时，根据before可以判定空格处所填词表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故填had done。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·西安市模拟)She __64__ (have) her high school entrance exam in a week so I told her a few encouraging words.‎ 分析：我给她说鼓励的话用的是一般过去时，那么她要参加考试应用过去将来时，故填would have或was to have。‎ 4 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2017·衡阳八中模拟)It is quite easy to plan a surprise party when one’s birthday __62__ (come)．‎ 分析：既然是要做计划，那么生日即将来临，此处应用现在进行时表示即将来临，故填is coming。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·湖北省四地七校联考)One day, a beggar found a leather purse that someone __61__ (drop) in the marketplace.‎ 分析：发现钱包用一般过去时，丢钱包应在此之前，表示“过去的过去”，故填had dropped。‎ 5 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此要熟记一些常用句式。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2017·汕头市模拟)The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about __46__ (begin)．‎ 分析：此处考查be about to do sth.意为“马上就要做某事”，故填to begin。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·青岛市模拟)One day I __66__ (read)a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like ‎ Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda’s married name.‎ 分析：考查句式be doing ...when ...，再根据One day可判断应用过去进行时，故填was reading。‎ 6 有时做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注，但往往忽略了语态，因此我们可以采用“先语态、后时态”的方式。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might __42__ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.‎ 分析：情态动词后跟动词原形，但此处might后能填make吗？通过分析可知，elegant chopsticks与make之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be made。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·延安市模拟)I finally went to ask the lady at student services and __63__ (tell) that her name was Kathy.‎ 分析：and连接两个并列谓语，第一个是went，与之并列该填told吗？通过分析可知，I与tell之间为被动关系，故填was told。‎ 注意点：特殊动词特殊对待 有些动词(短语)的用法特殊，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。对此熟练掌握是准确解题的前提。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2017·泰安市模拟)The festival __64__ (date) back to the ‎ Han Dynasty (206 BC－AD 220)．‎ 分析：date back to意为“追溯到”，没有被动语态，且常与一般现在时连用，故填dates。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·铁岭市联考)It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write __64__ (belong) to all people.‎ 分析：主句为It is about taking action to show the world，that引导宾语从句，其中主语是the right to read and write，belong to为句子的谓语，它没有进行时和被动语态，故填belongs。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·威海市模拟)No wonder it became (become) the fast Asian city named as a City of Gastronomy (美食) by UNESCO in 2010.‎ ‎2．(2017·成都市模拟)I think that our choices are_influenced (influence) by our parents.‎ ‎3．(2017·淮南二中模拟)Up to now, the group has_produced (produce) 21 plays and built a considerable fan base.‎ ‎4．(2017·枣庄市模拟)Languages cannot be taught; they can only be_learned (learn)．‎ ‎5．(2017·银川九中模拟)It arose (arise) in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid19th century.‎ ‎6．(2017·揭阳市模拟)It is the third time so far that such a meeting has_been_held (hold) in my hometown.‎ ‎7．(2017·豫南九校模拟)She said she had_noticed (notice) a big change in me and wondered why.‎ ‎8．(2017·襄阳市模拟)It is_hoped (hope) that the festival will promote its cultural “soft power” abroad.‎ ‎9．(2017·福州市质检)So it is_believed (believe) that practising T’ai Chi can in some way help us stand, move and run better.‎ ‎10．(2017·福州市质检)For Marleni Calcina, who has_done (do) T’ai Chi for over 10 years, it’s not only a sport, but also a way of life.‎ ‎11．(2017·潍坊中学模拟)They should be_taught (teach) to be grateful to their parents, who have given them life but ask for nothing in return.‎ ‎12．He thanked me for helping him as he had_asked (ask)four others before and they told him no.‎ ‎13．(2017·福州市外国语学校模拟)This was the first time I had_been (be) in a sandstorm in Dubai and I don’t ever want to be in one again.‎ ‎14．On one occasion, he was_trapped (trap) by a snowstorm in a vast mountainous area.‎ ‎15．(2017·九江市联考)However, thanks to the international agreement, there has_been (be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.‎ ‎16．Totally disconnected from the Internet, the robot is_expected (expect) to solve all problems with its own AI program.‎ ‎17．(2017·漳州市联考)A study last year showed (show) that about 8‎ ‎ million tons of plastic enters the oceans every year.‎ ‎18．(2017·湖北省八校联考)On my previous visits my travel was_limited (limit) to the three major cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2017·邯郸市模拟)Last Monday, we hold a monitor election during our class meeting.hold→held ‎2．I had learned English for 6 years but my spoken English remains poor.had→have ‎3．(2017·淮北市模拟)There was a time when I caught in the sadness of not passing an important exam.caught前加was ‎4．My friendship with Yang Qing began when we meet in our school photo club.meet→met ‎5．(2017·南昌二中模拟)I believe my school become better and better, and I hope you will visit my school again.become前加will ‎6．(2017·临沂市模拟)Three years ago I fail in an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school.fail→failed ‎7．(2017·漳州市八校联考)I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my further education.offered前加been ‎8．(2017·西安市模拟)The food was tasted good and we had fun together.去掉was ‎9．(2017·襄阳五中模拟)We encouraged to think for ourselves,‎ ‎ which is quite different from what I have experienced before.encouraged前加are ‎10．(2017·太原五中模拟)So far, I had been working as the chief editor for half a year, which helps me a lot with my leadership skills.had→have