2021届高考英语一轮总复习Book8Unit2Cloning课时跟踪练 人教版

2021届高考英语一轮总复习Book8Unit2Cloning课时跟踪练 人教版

课时跟踪练37 Unit 2 Cloning Ⅰ.阅读理解 A If you've ever had a dog，you know just how deep a connection you can develop with“man's best friend”．But a dog's life is much shorter than a human's，about 12 to 15 years long，which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when his or her loving pet passes away.‎ Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the solution offered by a South Korean company，Sooam Biotech Research Foundation.The company has already successfully cloned at least 700 dogs，mostly for US customers，ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005.Now，Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well，offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.‎ To clone a dog，researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died.Meanwhile，another dog is selected to supply an egg.Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb(子宫)of a female dog.The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months.‎ The whole process takes less than a day，but it comes at a shockingly high price—around ￡67，000.But if you can't afford it now，you can also save the cell in a laboratory and access it at a later date.‎ However，magical as cloning might sound，there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one.Just like identical twins of humans，they share the exactly same DNA but there will still be small differences between them.“The spots on a cloned dalmatian(斑点狗)will be different，for example，”Insung Hwang，head of Sooam Biotech，told The Guardian.‎ Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “cloneable”．Apart from genes，personality is also determined by upbringing and environment，which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome，Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University，UK，told The Telegraph.‎ Perhaps bringing our dogs back by cloning is not the best way to remember them after all.Kirkwood，a dog owner himself，pointed out，“An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”‎ - 8 -‎ ‎1．What service does Sooam Biotech Research Foundation offer?‎ A．Making copies of pet dogs.‎ B．Giving pet dogs identical twins.‎ C．Helping dogs give birth to more puppies.‎ D．Helping dog owners love their dogs more.‎ ‎2．Which order is correct in the dog cloning process?‎ a．An egg is taken from another dog.‎ b．A skin cell is taken from the pet dog.‎ c．The egg grows into a puppy in two months.‎ d．The egg is placed in the womb of a female dog.‎ e．The DNA in the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin cell.‎ A．adbec.　　　　 B．aebdc.‎ C．badec. D．baedc.‎ ‎3．What can we learn about dog cloning from the passage?‎ A．It has not been put into practice until recently.‎ B．It is very popular among US and UK pet owners.‎ C．It might not give the owners an exactly same dog.‎ D．It is very expensive and usually takes half a year to complete.‎ ‎4．What does Kirkwood think of dog cloning?‎ A．He disagrees with it.‎ B．He supports it.‎ C．He is curious about it.‎ D．He thinks it unbelievable.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　韩国一家公司成功地为英、美两国几百位养狗人士克隆了他们的宠物。本文就克隆的过程、费用、所耗时间及克隆的缺陷等问题进行了一一介绍。‎ ‎1．解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Why not make a clone of that dog then？This is the solution offered by a South Korean company，Sooam Biotech Research Foundation.”可知，该公司提供对狗进行克隆的服务。故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎2．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，在克隆过程中，先从活狗或刚死亡的狗身上获取皮肤细胞，同时从另一条母狗身上取一个卵子，然后用皮肤细胞的DNA取代卵子中的DNA，并把它植入到一条母狗的子宫内。两个月后，该卵子就会成长为一条幼犬。故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎3．解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“there is no guarantee that the cloned dog - 8 -‎ ‎ will be a perfect copy of the original one”和第六段第一句“Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not‘cloneable’．”可知，无法保证被克隆的狗和原来的狗完全一样，而且狗的性格也是无法克隆的。由此可推知，无法克隆出完全一样的狗。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎4．解析：推理判断题。根据第六、七段内容可知，柯克伍德认为克隆终究不是怀念爱犬的最好方式，而且人类与狗的关系中重要的一点是我们正在逐渐接受失去爱犬的痛苦。由此可推知，柯克伍德是不赞成克隆的。故选A项。‎ 答案：A B A public opinion study says that most Americans will accept the use of geneediting technology to create babies who are protected from certain diseases.But Americans do not support changing the genetic structure，or DNA of children so that they can be faster，taller or more intelligent.‎ The research was carried out by the Associated PressNORC Centre for Public Affairs Research，which suggests that 81% of Americans approve of using gene editing to prevent killer diseases such as Huntington's disease，and 65% agree to use gene editing to prevent conditions like blindness.However，66% oppose using gene editing to change qualities such as intelligence or athletic ability.They are also against changing physical qualities such as eye colour or height.‎ Gene editing takes out a part of DNA to remove，replace or repair a gene.Changes to adult cells only affect the person being treated. But editing genes in embryos(胚胎)can change the resulting children in ways that can be passed to future generations.Due to its important effects，the International Council for Science says gene editing should not yet be tested on humans.Scientists say more laboratory research is needed to prove whether it is safe or not.‎ Dr Robert Klitzman，who studies biological research rules，noted that if fertility(生育)clinics start to edit the genes of embryos，there will be hard choices to make about what conditions can be changed.“It's one thing to look at the extremes of deadly diseases versus surface things，but in the middle are going to be these very different issues，”he said.‎ The study suggests a lack of trust in the technology.Nearly 90% of the people in the study worry whether it will be used in a moral way.‎ ‎5．In which aspect do most Americans approve of using gene editing?‎ - 8 -‎ A．Running swifter.‎ B．Preventing deadly diseases.‎ C．Changing eye colour.‎ D．Improving intelligence.‎ ‎6．What do we know about gene editing from the text?‎ A．It tends to influence the future generations.‎ B．It will become widely used in a moral way.‎ C．It edits all parts of DNA in a new way.‎ D．It has been tested safe to use on human beings.‎ ‎7．What is Dr Robert's attitude to the use of geneediting technology to create babies?‎ A．Uninterested. B．Supportive.‎ C．Cautious. D．Disappointed.‎ ‎8．From which is the text probably taken?‎ A．A biology textbook.‎ B．A social web page.‎ C．A medicine brochure.‎ D．A science report.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了“基因编辑”的相关内容，以及美国人对于该技术应用前景的不同看法。‎ ‎5．解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“81% of Americans approve of using gene editing to prevent killer diseases such as Huntington's disease”可知，大部分美国人赞同使用基因编辑技术来预防某些致命疾病，例如亨廷顿病。故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎6．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But editing genes in embryos can change the resulting children in ways that can be passed to future generations.”可知，编辑胚胎的基因能够改变出生的孩子，这种改变可以传递给后代，由此可知基因编辑会影响后代。故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎7．解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段罗伯特·克利茨曼博士的话，特别是“hard” “very different issues”等，可推测他认为应慎重地将基因编辑技术用于人类。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎8．解析：推理判断题。本文主要介绍了现在的科技前沿的热词“基因编辑”及美国人对于这种技术的应用前景的不同看法，故本篇文章可能来自科学报道。故选D项。‎ - 8 -‎ 答案：D Ⅱ.七选五 The word“phubbing”has found its way into many dictionaries. 1 Phubbing is actually a combination of the words“phone” and “snubbing”．You have been phubbed when someone is focusing on his or her smartphone while you sit there feeling ignored.‎ Of course adults are not the only ones doing this.Teenagers phub each other even more frequently.I have driven past high schools and seen groups of teens standing together，and instead of talking to each other，they are on their phones. 2 ‎ First，of course，when you talk to someone facetoface you pick up on all kinds of nonverbal signs that you will miss when you are texting.You will potentially miss out on some richly emotional interactions when you are staring at a phone. 3 ‎ Second，it is more than rude to look at a phone when you are with someone. 4 Is the current generation of teens forgetting about manners？Are they unaware of how they are making others feel?‎ Third，I worry about the consequences for teens when they are phubbing. 5 I wonder if this leaves them less alert to some conflicts，not to mention the very real possibility of their walking into someone or something.‎ No good comes from this bad habit，so teens should try to break this habit.‎ A．These can certainly not be conveyed via text.‎ B．I wonder if they are sometimes texting their mothers in order to appear busy.‎ C．Addicted to their electronic devices，they may lose interest in anything that used to attract them.‎ D．Are they at the risk of missing the indication that something problematic may be going on around them?‎ E．Tailormade for the digital age，the term describes snubbing (冷落)someone in favour of a mobile phone.‎ F．This choice to interact with one's phone rather than with friends or others nearby is worrying for a number of reasons.‎ G．The person standing next to you feels irrelevant and unimportant when a phone appears more interesting than he or she is.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　随着科技的发展，手机已成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，随之而来的“低头族”现象也日趋严重，这对我们生活的诸多方面都带来了巨大影响。‎ ‎1．解析：设空前提到“phubbing”这个单词已被收进很多词典中，设空后提到 - 8 -‎ ‎“phubbing”是“phone”和“snubbing”两个单词的结合，由此可知，此处需要一个过渡句，E项(作为数字化时代的一个专有词汇，“phubbing”这个单词描述了为了用手机而冷落他人的现象)符合语境。‎ 答案：E ‎2．解析：设空处是该段的最后一句，该段主要介绍了很多人由于低头看手机而忽视了与他人面对面交流。而下文又列举了这种现象令人担忧的三个原因，由此可知，设空处应起到承上启下的作用，F项(很多人选择用手机同他人交流，而不与朋友或身边的其他人沟通，这很令人担忧，原因有以下几点)符合语境。‎ 答案：F ‎3．解析：设空处前主要提到面对面的交流可以感受到彼此的情绪，这种非语言类型的表达只有在面对面交流的过程中才能看到。A项(这些内容并没有办法通过信息来表达)符合语境，其中的text与上文中的texting呼应。‎ 答案：A ‎4．解析：设空处前提到和别人待在一起时看手机是不礼貌的行为。此处需要对这种现象进一步解释，应选择一个起到递进作用的句子，G项(当手机看上去比你旁边的人更有趣的时候，他或她就会觉得自己是不相干、不重要的)符合语境。‎ 答案：G ‎5．解析：设空处前后提到的是作者的担忧以及疑虑，所以该处也应该体现作者内心存在的疑问，D项(他们是否有错过周围存在着各种问题提示的风险？)符合语境。‎ 答案：D Ⅲ.语法填空 A few years ago，with her colleagues，Dr Jennifer Doudna，a famous professor at UC Berkeley，1. (invent)a new technology for editing genomes(基因组)，which is called CRISPRCas9.It allows scientists 2. (make) changes to the DNA in cells and cure the genetic diseases.‎ The new technology has already been used to change the DNA in the cells of 3. (mouse)，monkeys and other organisms. However，the experiment about the world's first geneticallyedited babies raises various ethical(伦理的)issues，because this technology can 4. (employ)not only in adult cells，but also in the embryos (胚胎)of organisms，5. (include) our own species.This is the reason 6. Jennifer and her colleagues have called for a global pause in any clinical application of the CRISPR technology in human embryos to give us time to really consider all of the various results of doing so.Actually，in 7. 1970s scientists got together to decide to put off the use of molecular(分子的)cloning until the 8. (safe) of that technology - 8 -‎ ‎ could be tested carefully and proved.‎ Genomeengineered animals 9. plants are happening right now.And this puts in front of all of us a huge responsibility to consider carefully both the unintended consequences as well as the intended impacts of a 10. (science)breakthrough.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了基因组编辑技术在生物工程领域的应用，以及基因编辑婴儿项目背后的伦理问题。‎ ‎1．解析：考查动词的时态。句意为：几年前，加州大学伯克利分校的著名教授珍妮弗·杜德娜和她的同事们发明了一项基因组编辑的新技术，这种技术被称为CRISPRCas9。此句中的A few years ago是表示过去的时间状语，因此此处应用一般过去时。故填invented。‎ 答案：invented ‎2．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：它可以使科学家们改变细胞中的DNA，并且治疗基因疾病。allow sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to make。‎ 答案：to make ‎3．解析：考查名词的数。句意为：这项新技术已被用来改变老鼠、猴子以及其他生物细胞中的DNA。此句中的monkeys和other organisms都是可数名词的复数形式，此处与其并列，形式应保持一致，也应用复数形式。故填mice。‎ 答案：mice ‎4．解析：考查动词的语态。句意为：……因为这种技术不仅能应用于成人细胞中，而且可以应用于包括我们人类在内的有机体的胚胎中。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，且technology和employ之间为被动关系，所以应用被动语态；设空处前有情态动词can，故填be employed。‎ 答案：be employed ‎5．解析：考查介词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意及语境可知，此处表示“包括”之意，应用介词。故填including。‎ 答案：including ‎6．解析：考查定语从句。句意为：这就是珍妮弗和她的同事们呼吁全世界暂停将CRISPR技术用于人类胚胎有关的所有临床应用的原因，这给了我们时间去认真考虑这项技术应用可能带来的各种后果。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词是reason，从句中缺少原因状语，应选择关系副词。故填why。‎ 答案：why ‎7．解析：考查冠词。句意为：事实上，在20世纪70年代，科学家们就一起决定要推迟分子克隆技术的使用，直到这项技术的安全性得以谨慎测试和证明。年代前面要用定冠词the修饰。故填the。‎ 答案：the - 8 -‎ ‎8．解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处前有定冠词the，后有介词of，应用名词。故填safety。‎ 答案：safety ‎9．解析：考查连词。句意为：基因工程的动植物此刻已经出现。animals和plants是两个并列关系的名词，要用并列连词连接。故填and。‎ 答案：and ‎10．解析：考查词性转换。句意为：这就使我们要担负起巨大的责任，认真考虑科学突破可能带来的意外后果以及预期影响。设空处在句中修饰名词breakthrough，应用形容词。故填scientific。‎ 答案：scientific - 8 -‎