2021届高考英语人教版一轮总复习课时跟踪练：版含解析

2021届高考英语人教版一轮总复习课时跟踪练：版含解析

www.ks5u.com 课时跟踪练9‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A In the US state of Washington, a road called Interstate(州际公路) 90 cuts through a wild, mountainous area to reach the city of Seattle.For the area's many kinds of animals, the busy highway greatly limits their movements.Animals need to move to find food, to find mates, to find new places to live as their populations expand or just when conditions change, like a fire breaks out.Crossing Ⅰ90—as the road is called—is a risky but sometimes necessary act.But soon, animals will have a safer choice.They will be able to go above it.‎ To help the animals, the state is finishing work on its largestever wildlife bridge.The 11metretall, 20metrewide bridge begins in the forest.It forms two arches above the highway, one for each direction of traffic.Workers are adding fencing and plants to help guide the animals across the bridge.Twometrethick walls will help block noise from vehicles below.Scientists chose the area because it is within a natural migration (迁徙)path for some animals.‎ The Ⅰ90 bridge is part of a growing number of wildlife crossings across the United States.Some are fences, some are overland bridges, and some are underpasses.They all aim to keep drivers and animals away from each other.‎ A US Transportation Department study found crashes between animals and humans rose year by year.The accidents made up about 5 percent of all crashes nationally, and cost the economy about $8 billion.Such costs come from car repairs, emergency room visits and ‎ removal of the dead animals on roads.Collisions between animals and drivers are rarely deadly to people.But they are often deadly to wildlife.The study also found that 21 endangered or threatened species in the US are affected by vehicle hits.Bridges, underpasses and fencing reduce the area's animaldriver collisions by 80 percent.‎ Most of the wildlife bridges are in western states.Many other areas also need such paths.But finding money for more crossings is “the numberone problem”．Patty GarveyDarda of the US Forest Service has worked on the Ⅰ90 crossing from the start of the project.She says the $6million bridge will one day pay for itself because the highway will not have to be fully or partly closed each time a large animal is struck.“If you shut down Interstate 90, you shut down interstate trade.” she adds.‎ ‎1．What do we know about the Ⅰ90?‎ A．It goes from Washington DC to Seattle.‎ B．It is dangerous for wild animals to cross.‎ C．It blocks the movements of wild animals.‎ D．It is the longestever highway in the world.‎ ‎2．What is being done to help the animals?‎ A．Building a wildlife bridge to keep drivers and animals away.‎ B．Designing walls to protect animals from traffic accidents.‎ C．Forming 2 arches, one for traffic and the other for animals.‎ D．Choosing a natural and safe area for wild animals to live in.‎ ‎3．What can we learn from the study?‎ A．Traffic accidents went down gradually nationwide.‎ B．Most money was spent in rescuing wild animals.‎ C．Collisions are more deadly to wildlife than to people.‎ D．Some species no longer existed because of vehicle hits.‎ ‎4．Which of the statements may Patty GarveyDarda agree with?‎ A．The bridge costs too much money.‎ B．Animals won't be struck by drivers.‎ C．The effort to build the bridge will pay off.‎ D．Collisions won't affect national trade at all.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　在美国华盛顿州有一条名为“90号州际公路”的道路横穿一片野外山区，直达西雅图市，对于该地区的许多动物来说，这条川流不息的公路极大地限制了它们的活动，横穿该条公路非常危险。为了帮助动物们，华盛顿州正在完成有史以来最大的野生动物高架桥的建设工作。‎ ‎1．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For the area's many kinds of animals，the busy highway greatly limits their movements.”和“Crossing Ⅰ90as the road is called－is a risky but sometimes necessary act.”可知，对于这一地区的很多动物来说，这条川流不息的公路极大地限制了它们的活动，因为横穿这条公路非常危险，故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎2．解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To help the animals, the state is finishing work on its largestever wildlife bridge.”和第三段“The Ⅰ90 bridge is part of...They all aim to keep drivers and animals away from each other.”可知，华盛顿州为了帮助这些动物，正在完成有史以来最大的野生动物高架桥的建设工作，这一工程旨在让司机和动物“各行其道”，从而保护动物，故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎3．解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Collisions between animals and drivers are rarely deadly to people.But they are often deadly to wildlife.”可知，动物和司机的冲突事故对于人类来说几乎很少有致命的，但对于野生动物来说却恰恰相反。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎4．解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“She says the $6million bridge will one day pay for itself because the highway will not have to be fully or partly closed each time a large animal is struck.”可推知，帕蒂·加维·达尔达赞同“建立这座高架桥能带来好的结果”这一观点，故选C项。‎ 答案：C B Both honeybees and ants are social insects that live in groups called colonies.They survive by means of their collective intelligence.Their decisionmaking power is distributed throughout the group; that is, no one ant or bee makes decisions for the group.Instead, they work together.As Deborah M Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University, says, “Ants aren't smart.Ant colonies are.” The same is true for bee colonies.Although bees and ants are quite different physically, they have a lot in common in terms of their social behaviour.Specifically, honeybees and ants have similar roles within the colony, both have communication systems, and both have the capacity for learning.‎ Ants communicate by using chemicals called pheromones, which can alert others to danger or to a food source.For example, when worker ants find a promising source, they let the rest of the colony know how to find it by leaving a trail of pheromones on the way back to the colony.The other ants pick up the message using their sense of ‎ smell.Bees, on the other hand, use movement to communicate with each other.Worker bees send messages to each other by means of a “dance”．Different speeds and movements send different messages.For example, when worker bees called the scouts go out to find a new home for the colony, they return and do a dance for the other worker bees that indicates the location of the new home and how suitable it is.The faster the scouts dance, the better the new location is.‎ Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning.One Chinese study found that bees can be trained to learn and remember a route to a food source.The researchers also found that bees can be taught to recognize hidden objects and use the concepts of “sameness” and “difference” to accomplish certain tasks.Ants take this one step further.Recent American research has shown that ants not only have the ability to learn, but also can teach their foraging skills to other younger ants.They observed that older ants accompany young ants in search of food and teach them the route and how to avoid obstacles.‎ As we can see, the social behaviour of honeybees and ants is quite similar.Both coordinate complex actions and accomplish crucial survival tasks by cooperating in groups consisting of many individuals.Unintelligent as they may be as individuals, as groups they often show amazing brilliance as they go about their everyday activities.‎ ‎5．What do ants and bees have in common?‎ A．They live in similarsized colonies.‎ B．They make use of collective intelligence.‎ C．They have small leadership groups that make all decisions.‎ D．They use the same methods to communicate with each other.‎ ‎6．What does the speed of a bee's dance indicate?‎ A．The quality of a new colony location.‎ B．The distance to a neighbouring colony.‎ C．The discovery of a new food source.‎ D．The direction to a potential food source.‎ ‎7．In Paragraph 3, how does the author demonstrate the idea that honeybees and ants are both capable of learning?‎ A．By using statistics.‎ B．By explaining reasons.‎ C．By referencing opinions.‎ D．By presenting study findings.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　蜜蜂和蚂蚁的社交方式是相似的，它们虽有所不同，但对集体智慧的运用却是相似的。‎ ‎5．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“They survive by means of their collective intelligence.”可知，蜜蜂和蚂蚁均依靠集体智慧生存，故B项正确。根据第一段第一句“Both honeybees and ants are social insects that live in groups called colonies.”可知，蜜蜂和蚂蚁都是群居昆虫，但没有说它们的群体大小相似，故排除A项。根据第一段第三句“Their decisionmaking power is distributed throughout the group；that is，no one ant or bee makes decisions for the group.”可知，C项错误。根据第二段第一句中的“Ants communicate by using chemicals called pheromones”以及第四句“Bees，on the other hand，use movement to communicate with each other.”可知，它们的交流方式是不同的，故排除D项。‎ 答案：B ‎6．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后两句“For example, when worker bees called the scouts go out to find a new home for the ‎ colony，they return and do a dance...The faster the scouts dance，the better the new location is.”可知，当被称为“侦察队”的工蜂外出为蜂群寻找新家时，它们会回来为其他工蜂跳舞，以此表明新家的位置和新家的合适程度。工蜂跳舞跳得越快表明新家的位置就越好。故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎7．解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“One Chinese study found that...The researchers also found that...Recent American research has shown that...They observed that...”可知，第三段以展示研究结果的方式论证了蜜蜂和蚂蚁都有学习能力。故选D项。‎ 答案：D Ⅱ.七选五 If you're a gamer who's constantly glued to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help.‎ On June 18, 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO)officially listed “gaming disorder” as a mental health condition. 1 ‎ ‎“Video gaming is like a nonfinancial kind of gambling (赌博) from a psychological point of view，” Mark Griffiths, a professor from Nottingham Trent University in the UK, told the Associated Press (AP)．“Gamblers use money as a way of keeping scores, while gamers use points.”‎ ‎ 2 ‎ ‎“People need to understand this doesn't mean every child who spends hours in the room playing games is an addict, otherwise doctors are going to be flooded with requests for help，” Joan Harvey, a spokeswoman for the British Psychological Society, told AP.‎ ‎ 3 For example, a 21yearold Chinese woman in Guangdong province went blind in one eye after playing the mobile game King of Glory for a whole day.“On days when I have no work, I usually get up at 6 am, eat breakfast and play until 4 pm，” she told the South China Morning Post.“Then I'll eat something, have a nap (小睡) and play until 1 am.”‎ The woman isn't alone.According to a study published in China Youth Daily, about one in five young Chinese people play online video games for at least four to five hours per day. 4 In April, the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.‎ Other countries have also taken action. 5 Meanwhile, in Japan, some mobile phones have a special mode for children that allows their parents to control what games they can download and how long they can play.‎ A．This means it's now on the same list as other mental illnesses.‎ B．Thankfully, measures have been taken to deal with the problem.‎ C．We often see people around us playing games on their mobile phones.‎ D．In South Korea, children are forbidden to play video games after midnight.‎ E．Who's main work is to improve the mental health of individuals and society.‎ F．But if you lose control over your gaming habits, you'll face serious problems.‎ G．However, it doesn't matter if you play your favourite games now and then.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　2018年6月18日，世界卫生组织正式把游戏成瘾列为精神疾病，这种疾病危害着玩家的身心健康。世界上很多国家都已采取措施，阻止这种疾病的蔓延。‎ ‎1．解析：根据空前的信息：世界卫生组织把游戏成瘾列为精神疾病可知，此空应承接上文对此进一步解释说明。A项中的This指代的是空前的“世界卫生组织把游戏成瘾列为精神疾病”这一事实，it指代的是“gaming disorder”，list与上句中的listed相呼应。‎ 答案：A ‎2．解析：根据下文的“this doesn't mean every child who spends hours in the room playing games is an addict”可知，这并不意味着玩几个小时的游戏就会成瘾。也就是说，偶尔玩玩游戏是没有关系的。故选G项。‎ 答案：G ‎3．解析：此空为本段主题句，空后内容举例证明长时间玩游戏带来的危害。由此推知，本空旨在说明如果(玩游戏)不加以控制的话，会带来严重的问题。F项中的serious problems与下文中的例子呼应，故选F项。‎ 答案：F ‎4．解析：空前讲述的是游戏成瘾的现状，空后讲的是相关部门针对此问题已开始采取相关措施，B项中“the problem”承上，“measures have been taken”启下，符合语境。故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎5．解析：本段主要介绍了其他国家采取的相关措施，D项中的“South Korea”与主题句中的“Other countries”相呼应，且与下文中的“in Japan”并列。故选D项。‎ 答案：D Ⅲ.语法填空 People with high selfconfidence 1. (natural) have optimistic and joyful emotions as well as the knowledge that they can change their emotions from negative to positive.‎ Emotions 2. (be) a normal part of life.They indicate how you feel about a situation and any needed action.When you have high selfrespect and selfconfidence, you feel good 3. life. You feel secure and have an open heart and a calm mind.‎ The 4. (high) your level of emotional health is, the more selfworth you will have.Even when things go wrong, you're composed and ready 5. (deal) with the situation in a constructive way.‎ Even when you focus on 6. (carry) a positive attitude at all times, we all know that life can be full of annoyances—your dog 7. (run) away, someone sideswipes your car, your plane is late, you have to work overtime to get a project done.All of these can cause a bad mood and throw your emotions into a downward spiral.‎ Having emotional health isn't difficult, but 8. does take focus and concentration.Be aware of 9. your feeling is and direct your emotions into something more optimistic.Your selfconfidence will 10. (strength) at the same time.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文介绍了情绪给人们带来的影响以及保持情绪健康的重要性。‎ ‎1．解析：考查词性转换。句意为：那些高度自信的人会自然地产生乐观、愉快的情绪，同样，他们拥有能够将消极情绪转换成积极情绪的知识。设空处修饰动词have，应用副词。故填naturally。‎ 答案：naturally ‎2．解析：‎ 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：情绪是生活中正常的一部分。本句的主语Emotions是可数名词复数形式，且此处叙述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填are。‎ 答案：are ‎3．解析：考查介词。句意为：当你高度自尊、自信的时候，你会感觉生活很美好。feel good about...是固定搭配，意为“对……感觉良好”。故填about。‎ 答案：about ‎4．解析：考查形容词比较等级。句意为：你的情绪健康水平越高，你的自我价值就越高。“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”是固定搭配，意为“越……，就越……”。故填higher。‎ 答案：higher ‎5．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：即使遇到了一些问题，你也会镇定自若，并准备好用具有建设性的方式来处理这样的情形。be ready to do是固定搭配，意为“准备好做……”。故填to deal。‎ 答案：to deal ‎6．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：我们都清楚，即使你总是保持积极的态度，生活中也会碰到很多令人烦恼的事——你的狗跑了、有人剐蹭了你的车、你的航班晚点了、你不得不加班完成一个项目。focus on意为“集中于”，on是介词，后面应用动名词作其宾语。故填carrying。‎ 答案：carrying ‎7．解析：考查动词的时态。句意见上一题解析。根据下文中的“sideswipes” “is”和“have to”的时态可知，此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填runs。‎ 答案：runs ‎8．解析：考查代词。句意为：想要情绪健康并不困难，但这的确需要我们集中注意力和(保持)专注。本句的主语是Having emotional health，动名词短语作主语且表示事物，因此要用单数形式的代词it来指代。故填it。‎ 答案：it ‎9．解析：考查名词性从句。句意为：了解你的感受，并且把你的情绪往更加乐观的方向上引导。设空处与后面构成宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，并且表示事物，故填what。‎ 答案：what ‎10．解析：考查词性转换。句意为：同时，你的自信也会得到加强。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中与will一起构成谓语，应用动词，且其前有情态动词will，应用动词原形。故填strengthen。‎ 答案：strengthen