江西余江县 2017 高考英语（一轮）阅读理解选练

江西余江县 2017 高考英语（一轮）阅读理解选练

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 江西余江县 2017 高考英语（一轮）阅读理解选练 【由江西省吉安一中 2014 模拟改编】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Historians usually just study great things that happened in the past time, but Drew Faust has made history! On February 11, 2007, Faust was named president of Harvard University. She is the first woman to hold the position in the school’s 371-year history. “I am a historian,” she said. “I’ve spent a lot of time thinking about the past, and about how it shapes the future. No university in the country, perhaps the world, has as remarkable a past as Harvard’s.” “And our common enterprise is to make Harvard’s future even more remarkable than its past. That will mean recognizing and building on what we already do well. It will also mean recognizing what we don’t do as well as we should, and not being satisfied until we find ways to do better.” It is her great desire for improvement and willingness to try out new ideas that have given Drew success in a world controlled by men. “This is a man’s world, my girl, and the sooner you learn that, the better off you’ll be.” Drew Faust recalls her mother telling her this when she was young, but she didn’t buy it. Faust grew up in a well-off family in Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley in the 1950s. Even then, she was a trailblazer(先驱). A conversation with her family’s black handyman (零工) and driver inspired her to write a letter, on school notebook paper, to President Dwight Eisenhower. She asked that he help bring US citizens together in the south, a much divided part of the country at the time. “Drew Faust is a historian with her eyes on the future,” said Susan Graham, a professor of Harvard. Many of the university’s schools said that they believe Harvard will have a brighter future under the leadership of Drew Faust. 1. Why does the writer say Drew Faust has made history? A. Because she is a historian. B. Because she was president of Harvard University. C. Because she was the first woman to be president of Harvard University. D. Because Harvard has a remarkable past 2. What do we know about historians? A. They usually study great things that happened in the past. B. They are usually presidents of universities. C. They are usually born in well-off families. D. They are usually women. 3. What does the underlined word “buy” in the fourth paragraph mean? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 A. accept B. expect C. purchase D. afford 4. What did her mother mean by saying “This is a man’s world, my girl...”? A. To encourage her to do man’s work. B. To tell her to do things as a girl should do. C. To ask her to be well-off. D. To expect her to be a historian. 5. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Faust was born in the north of the US. B. She wrote a letter to President Eisenhower when she became president of Harvard. C. Faust’s desire for improvement and willingness to try out new ideas has given her success. D. Historians just care about great things that happened in the past. 【参考答案】1—5、CAABC 【2014 高考训练】 The China Daily newspaper group is looking for Englishlanguage senior business editors, senior copy editors, copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team. We offer a competitive salary package, free accommodation with utilities paid for,90 per cent medical reimbursement, a sevenday paid leave, elevenday public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence. Senior Business Editor You must： assist the business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them； be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and mentor junior staff； ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails； have had at least five years' editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software. Senior Copy Editor You must： work on shifts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print； edit or rewrite copy and give snappy headlines and captions； 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 have had at least two years' editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software. Copy Editor You must： be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing snappy headlines and captions； be able to work on shifts for different pages, and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print; have two years of editing experience working on copy desks, and be familiar with industry software. Graphic Designer You must： have excellent skills in information graphics； be good at illustrations and freehand drawings； be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts； have a good sense of typography； have good news judgment； be wellversed with Macintosh software, including InDesign, Illustrator and Photoshop； be fluent in English. For enquiries or to apply, write to job @ chinadaily.com.cn. 68. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To describe the positions of the China Daily newspaper group. B. To describe the working conditions of the China Daily newspaper group. C. To advertise for recruiting some good employees. D. To tell you how to become part of this group. 69. What is not required about Graphic Designer? A. Be wellversed with Photoshop. B. Have excellent skills in information graphics. C. Having a good sense of typography. D. Writing snappy headlines and captions. 70. How many positions need editing experience? A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. 71. Which can be the title of the advertisement? A. China Daily：New Employees Wanted B. China Daily：Newspaper C. China Daily：An International Team D. China Daily：The Best Working Condition 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 【参考答案】68—71、CDCA 【2014 高考训练】 In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping According to a weather expert's prediction , the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate．If this warming up took place．the ice caps in the poles would begin to inch，thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities．Also．the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere(北半球)，possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth’s chief food growing zones． In the past，concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet．But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic．which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming，in other words，by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels． Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing．The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place．This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth． However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere，where temperatures seem to be falling．Scientists conclude，therefore ,that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man．The question is：Which natural cause has most effect on the weather? One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun．Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and ‘cold’ spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots)on the sun．As the sun rotates(使旋转)，every 27．5 days，it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth， and different aspects to different parts of the earth．This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth atmospheric pressure，and consequently on wind circulation．The sun is also changeable over a long term：its heat output goes up and down in cycles，the latest trend being downward． ‘ 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years，including the last ice Age．The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not．One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(惯性)of the earth‘s climate．If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the sun’s fading heat． 46．It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ． A．mean a warming-up in the Arctic B．raise the temperature of the earth’s surface C．prevent the sun’s rays from reaching the earth’s surface D．explain the cause of great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere 47．The article was written to explain ． A．the green house effect B．the solar effects on the earth C．the causes affecting weather D．the models of solar weather interactions 48．Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling．This is ． A．mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide arc rising B．partly due to changes in the output of solar energy C．possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting D．only due to the effect of the inertia of the earth’s climate 49.On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that A the climate of the world should be becoming cooler B the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect C the man-made warning effect helps to increase the solar effects D it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect 50.If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct A ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere B the greenhouse effect could work in favor of the earth C the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 D the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly 【参考答案】46-50BCBAB 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界广东省韶关市】 Studying volcanoes is a demanding profession. Hazel Rymer frequently has to struggle through rainforests, climb to the top of mountains, then climb 200 metres into the crater of active volcanoes. But the 38-year-old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is. “Driving to work is more risky,” she insists. “And the deepest I go into the crater of a volcano is about 300 metres,” she adds, trying to make it all sound as ordinary as taking the dog for a walk. Hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long time, so it’s not surprising she is used to the danger. Her interest in volcanoes began at school. A teacher gave her a book about Pompeii. “I remember reading about the eruption of Vesuvius and the destruction of the city,” she explains. “The thought of all those people just frozen in time had quite an effect on me and I am still excited by their dangerous beauty today.” Nowadays, volcanoes are getting more and more unpredictable. There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. These have resulted in some dormant volcanoes erupting, so studying them is more dangerous than ever before. Hazel says that although she doesn’t take any unnecessary risk she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, when she was slowly surrounded by lava. “I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it,” she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream. “I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1,000°C, so if you hesitated your boots would begin to melt. It was scary, but it really was a practical decision --- there wasn't time to do anything else.” And what about the future? “I haven’t been to the volcanoes in Indonesia yet. And I would love to spend some time working in the Antarctic,” she says. “I would also like to know why quiet 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang.” In other words, Hazel Rymer won’t be exchanging her volcanoes for the relative safety of driving to work just yet. 36. Hazel’s claim that “driving to work is more risky” than exploring volcanoes shows that ______. A. people have exaggerated the dangers of volcanoes in the past B. Hazel does not really understand the dangerous situations she puts herself in. C. there are many bad drivers in the place where Hazel lives D. Hazel is being modest and understating the dangers she faces 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由“But the 38-year-old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is.”和“ Hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long time, so it’s not surprising she is used to the danger. ” Hazel 是在谦虚的对他所面对的危险有意的轻描淡写。 37. When did Hazel first become interested in volcanoes? A. When she was visiting Italy. B. When she was at school. C. When she was twenty. D. When she saw Vesuvius. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“ Her interest in volcanoes began at school.”可知他第一次对火山 感兴趣是在上学的时候。 38. The underlined word “these” (in paragraph 3) refers to __________. A. melting ice-caps B. volcanic eruptions C. changes in sea level D. higher temperatures 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。由“There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. These have resulted in……”可知此题选 C。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 39. When Hazel was on Mount Etna she had to ________. A. take a dangerous route B. take an unnecessary risk C. leave her boots behind D. walk for ten hours around the mountain 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。由“Hazel says that although she doesn’t take any unnecessary risk she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily,……” 及后面对这次经历的描述可知选 A。 40. In the future, Hazel wants to ________. A. revisit volcanoes she knows B. go on holiday to the Antarctic C. find a less dangerous job D. discover new things about volcanoes 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由“I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang.”可知将来他要探索发现关于火山的新事物。