【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空模拟训练10篇之十二（答案含有解析）学案（11页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空模拟训练10篇之十二（答案含有解析）学案（11页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空模拟训练10篇之十二 ‎1. ‎ Some inventions happen in strange ways. The potato chip is one of them.‎ Moon’s Lake House was 1 restaurant in New York in the 1850s. George Crum was the cook there. Many rich people often came to the restaurant 2 (enjoy) his cooking.‎ The one thing that really upset Crum was 3 a customer complained about the food and sent it back to the kitchen to be done over. He would often return it overcooked. He was happy to see the customer walk out of the restaurant 4 (angry).‎ On August 24, 1853, a customer returned his fried potatoes to the kitchen, 5 they weren’t crunchy (脆的) enough. Crum reacted in his 6 (usually) way. He cut the potatoes very thin and cooked them in hot oil. They were so crunchy and Crum was sure that the man would refuse 7 (eat) them. Instead, the man loved them. He even asked for more.‎ Now, do you know 8 invented the potato chip? It’s George Crum! He 9 (late) set up his own restaurant. He named it Crum’s House. He put baskets of his potato chips on all the tables. They made his restaurant a very popular place.‎ Today, potato chips are one of Americans’ 10 (favor) foods!‎ ‎1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________‎ ‎6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________‎ ‎2. ‎ Mike: I’d like to buy a computer. Could you please give me 1 advice?‎ Rose: Yes, with 2 (please). I’ve got some information about computers. Computers with a P4 work much 3 (fast) than other ones.‎ Mike: How about computers with a P3?‎ Rose: Oh, very good, 4 they don’t work as fast as P4 computers, yet they are much cheaper. Generally ____5 (speak), they can meet people’s 6 (need) very well.‎ Mike: I think I 7 buy the fastest one I can get. My old computer was out of work lately. It 8 (work) slowly. I’ve got tired of that working speed.‎ Rose: I don’t think 9 is necessary for you to buy the fastest one. It would be a waste of money. A P3 computer is 10 (probable) good enough for you.‎ Mike: Thank you for your advice. Can you help me choose one?‎ ‎1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________‎ ‎6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________‎ ‎3. ‎ Years ago, when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries, I 1 (live) in the heart of a city. The rent for my apartment was really cheap 2 it was in the middle of one of the busiest neighborhoods in town. People who visited me used to ask me 3 I could sleep. “Doesn’t the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to 4 much noise?” You see, there were also rows and rows of shops and bars playing loud music day and night and my apartment was above a really loud and noisy 5 . But I found it all fascinating. If I were ever short 6 cash and couldn’t afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take 7 look around. You see, there were always a great number of tourists visiting the shops, so I could always find someone 8 (interest) to talk with. And Joe, the owner of the bar below me, could always give me a little money to survive on in exchange for 9 (do) a few odd jobs for him. At the time, I suppose, I thought I was poor. Sometimes, we don’t realize how 10 (fortune) we are, do we?‎ ‎1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________‎ ‎6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________‎ ‎4. ‎ ‎(Near the school gate, a woman driver was stopped by a traffic officer.)‎ Officer: Madam, do you know how fast you were going just now?‎ Driver: (Looking at the record.) Uh, well, no! I didn’t think I was going that fast...‎ Officer: This is a 25 mph zone, Madam. You see that school over there? You 1 (go) 35 mph.‎ Driver: 2 today is Sunday, sir. There is no school today.‎ Officer: Madam, there 3 (be) signs that say what the speed limit is. Besides, children often come to school on the weekend 4 (play) sports. You see all those kids over there? What 5 you hit one of them by accident?‎ Driver: I’m 6 (terrible) sorry, Officer. I won’t do it again. Could you please let me off with 7__ warning?‎ Officer: I’m afraid I can’t do that, Madam. In school zones, I’m required to give tickets to all drivers 8___ break the rules. It’s the law in this county.‎ Driver: Oh, dear! How 9 is this going to cost me?‎ Officer: I don’t know, Madam. Usually, these things can be taken care of for 10 (little) than $ 100. Now please sign here at the bottom.‎ Driver: OK.‎ ‎1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________‎ ‎6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________‎ ‎5. ‎ I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression. My parents noticed but felt that since I’d always been 1 good child, this was temporary.‎ ‎ 2 (fortunate), it was not to be so. I didn’t have friends. Hardly could I share my problems. Deep worry began to destroy my 3 (confident). Finally I refused to attend classes, 4 (shut) myself in my room for hours.‎ The examination was approaching, but I simply didn’t care. My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance. One morning, 5 a particularly severe lecture from my father, I stood at the school gate, ____6 (depress). Then as the other students marched to their classrooms, our headmaster called me. The next forty-five minutes was one of the most precious 7 (moment) in my life. She said she 8____ (notice) a big change in me and wondered why. At first she took my hands in 9 (she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries. Then she hugged me as I wept. Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug.‎ No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster, 10 helped me out simply by listening and hugging.‎ ‎1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________‎ ‎6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________‎ ‎6. ‎ A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing 1 (have) a close knock on Oct. 22. He was so 2 (absorb) in his smartphone that he didn’t see a train approaching until it brushed past him, 3 (throw) him to the ground. This should serve 4 a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially 5 crossing roads.‎ ‎ 6 (lucky), the man survived a brush with death, but the incident forced the driver 7 (stop) the train. An 18-minute delay followed the incident, 8 led to a break in the running of other trains on the route.‎ Smartphone 9 (addicted) has spread like an infectious disease. It’s evident that it will do great harm to society. What’s even 10 (bad), some addicts become impatient with relatives and friends.‎ Some people blame the smartphone for the tragedy, yet in fact people’s weakening self-control and self-discipline are to blame.‎ ‎1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________‎ ‎6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________‎ ‎7. ‎ I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting 1 my car broke down near a remote village. Cursing my 2 (fortune), I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me 3 (argue) as to who should have the honour of receiving me 4 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of 5 80-year-old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me settled into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse 6 my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 7 there was a garage.‎ I had noticed three hens 8 (run) free in my hostess’ courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. Other villagers brought me goats’ cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 9__ (merry) till far into the night.‎ When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village. I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I 10 (cause) her. But she refused.‎ ‎1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________‎ ‎6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________‎ ‎8. ‎ Paris Fashion Week It is a clothing trade show semi-annually held in Paris, France, with Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter events 1 (take) place each year. Fashion Week in Paris is given twice a year right after the Milan Fashion Week. Dates are fixed by the French Fashion Federation. Currently it is held in Carrousel du Louver and at some 2 places throughout the city. Paris Fashion Week is 3 of the big four fashion weeks internationally, the others being London Fashion Week, Milan Fashion Week and New York Fashion Week. They are to show the fashion industry 4 the various brands will be releasing and 5 (increase) their sales.‎ Paris, 6 (regard) as a fashion capital like New York, Milan, and London, happens to be the headquarters (总部) of many top fashion houses like Chanel, Dior, Hermes, Louis Vuitton, etc. The French fashion has made an 7 (impress) mark on its fans by elegance and beauty. Paris’s cultural diversities ____8___ (present) widely by the fact that many worldwide designers are pleased to show up with their new ____9 (design). ‎ In 2014, Paris Fashion Week for Spring/Summer started from 26 June to 30 June 10 the Autumn / Winter event was from 24 September to 2 October.‎ ‎1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________‎ ‎6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________‎ ‎9. ‎ The “selfie” is used to describe the selftaken photo, often from a smart phone. Someone takes about 10 selfies each time he does, and he only ends up 1 (post) one or two of those. He picks the one that he thinks makes him look the 2 (good). In that picture, he gains confidence. For that moment, everything bad or terrible that has happened to him 3 (remove), because that smile is what gives him the 4 (determine) to love himself.‎ I read 5 poem recently and the young man said, “If I ask you 6 you love, the answers will most likely roll off your tongue. You love to read. You love to write. You love your mum, your daughter, or your best friend. How long do you think you can go on and on before you say ‘I love 7 (I)’?”‎ That statement hit me like a ton of bricks. I’ve struggled with confidence all my life. I still do. And in ___8___ way am I saying that taking a selfie is a gateway 9 confidence. 10 , the selfie does deserve some credit for allowing individuals to express themselves.‎ ‎1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________‎ ‎6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________‎ ‎10. ‎ On a diet? Then consider sitting by the window next time you eat out.‎ The researchers measured and mapped 1 design of each restaurant and then used meal checks ___2___ (track) what diners ordered and how it related to where they sat.‎ The results were telling: people sitting 3 (far) from the front door ate the fewest salads and ___4___ (be) 73 per cent more likely to order desserts. Those 5 (seat) at a dark table ate heavier food and ordered more of it, 6 diners sitting at hightop bar tables ordered more salads and fewer desserts.‎ The darker it is, the more “invisible” you might feel, the less easy 7 is to see how much you’re eating and the less guilty you might feel. In contrast, seeing the sunlight, 8 (passerby) or trees outside might make you more aware 9 how you look, might make you think about walking or might inspire you to choose a green salad.‎ The researchers also noted that slim diners chewed around 15 times per mouthful, three chews more than heavier diners. By 10 (eat) more slowly, the diner spends less time it takes for the brain to feel full.‎ ‎1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________‎ ‎6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________‎ 答案与解析 ‎1‎ 本文告诉我们薯条是怎么被发明出来的。‎ 1. a　考查冠词。restaurant是名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。‎ 2. to enjoy　考查非谓语动词。这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示许多富人常常来这里吃他烹饪的饭菜。‎ 3. when　考查表语从句。此处应用when引导表语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。‎ 4. angrily　考查副词。根据前面“walk out of the restaurant”可知，后面应用副词angrily修饰动词。‎ 5. because　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“因为油炸的薯条不够脆”，强调原因，故用because。‎ 6. usual　考查形容词。根据后面的名词way可知，此处应用形容词。‎ 7. to eat　考查动词不定式。refuse to do sth“拒绝做某事”。‎ 8. who　考查疑问词。根据后面“It’s George Crum”可知，此处问的是谁发明了薯条。‎ 9. later　考查副词。根据后面的“set up”可知，这里应用later。‎ 10. favorite　考查形容词。根据后面的“foods”可知，这里需要用形容词，且表示“最喜欢的”。‎ ‎2‎ 本文为Mike与Rose之间的一段对话。Mike想买一台电脑，为此他向Rose征求建议。Rose建议他买一台既满足需要又便宜的使用英特尔奔腾Ⅲ处理器的电脑。‎ 1. some　考查形容词。give sb some advice表示“给某人一些建议”。some用于疑问句时表示希望得到对方的肯定回答，此时不用any。‎ 2. pleasure　考查名词。with pleasure表示“当然了，很愿意”，是固定短语。‎ 3. faster　考查比较级。根据than的提示可知，此处应用比较级。‎ 4. though/although　考查连词。此处为让步状语从句，表示尽管使用英特尔奔腾Ⅲ处理器的电脑没有使用英特尔奔腾Ⅳ处理器的电脑速度快，但是它们更便宜。‎ 5. speaking　考查非谓语动词。generally speaking表示“一般来说”，为固定短语，在句中独立作状语。‎ 6. needs　考查名词。此处表示它们能够很好地满足人们的需要。‎ 7. should　考查情态动词。Mike觉得应该买运转最快的电脑。根据语境可知，应填should。‎ 8. had worked　考查过去完成时。根据前文中的“My old computer was out of work lately”可知，此处表示以前的电脑在坏掉前运转很慢，指“过去的过去”，因此使用过去完成时。‎ 9. it　考查代词。此处it作宾语从句中的形式主语，其后的不定式“to buy the fastest one”是真正的主语。‎ 1. probably　考查副词。此处用副词作状语。注意：该句中good作表语，不要误以为probable作表语。‎ ‎3‎ 作者是一个穷困潦倒的画家，住在嘈杂的闹市区。难以继日时，Joe会施以援手，这让作者感到非常幸运。‎ 1. lived　考查一般过去时。本文描述的是多年前的事，因此用一般过去时。‎ 2. because　考查连词。“我”的公寓的房租很便宜，因为“我”住在最繁忙之一的街区里。‎ 3. how　考查引导词。根据语境可知，此处表示“外边是繁忙的街区，那我是怎样睡着的？”。‎ 4. so　考查固定结构。“so much＋不可数名词”意为“如此多的……”。‎ 5. one　考查代词。“我”住的公寓在一个很吵闹的商店/酒吧上面。one代指商店或酒吧。‎ 6. of　考查介词。be short of意为“缺少/短缺……”。‎ 7. a　考查固定短语。take a look意为“看一看”，是固定结构。‎ 8. interesting　考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我找到某个有趣的人去交谈”。‎ 9. doing　考查非谓语动词。介词“for”后应跟动词－ing形式。‎ 10. fortunate　考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此空应填其形容词形式。‎ ‎4‎ 这是一位女士和交警之间的一段对话，这位女士在学校附近超速。‎ 1. were going　考查过去进行时。根据语境可知，此处表示刚才女士驾车的速度已经达到35 mph，故用过去进行时。‎ 2. But　考查连词。根据下文中的“There is no school today”可知，此处表示转折，意为“但是今天是星期天”，故用But。‎ 3. are　考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处是一般性的陈述，故用一般现在时；再根据空格后的signs可知，此处用复数形式，故填are。‎ 4. to play　考查动词不定式。根据语境可知，此处表示“孩子们经常在周末到学校来运动”，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，即to play。‎ 5. if　考查固定短语。此处表示“如果你意外撞倒他们中的一个怎么办”，故此处用what if“如果……怎么办”的固定结构。‎ 6. terribly　考查副词。此处用副词terribly修饰形容词sorry，表示“十分抱歉”。‎ 7. a　考查冠词。此处表示“你能放过我，只给一个警告吗？”，故用不定冠词a。‎ 8. who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，“__8__ break the rules”是定语从句，修饰先行词drivers，指人，从句中缺少主语，故可用who或that。‎ 9. much　考查副词。此处表示“需要罚多少钱”，用How much。‎ 10. less　考查比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处用little的比较级less。‎ ‎5‎ 本文讲述了作者小时候患抑郁症后得到了校长的关爱而走出阴影的故事。‎ 1. a　考查冠词。child是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个”好孩子。‎ 1. Unfortunately　考查副词。不幸的是，情况并非如此。根据逗号的提示可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰整个句子，作状语。再根据句意可知，应用Unfortunately。‎ 2. confidence　考查名词。my是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，作定语，故用confidence。‎ 3. shutting　考查现在分词。shut和句子主语I构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ 4. after　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处应用连词after，表示“在……之后”。‎ 5. depressed　考查形容词。由句子的主语I和该空前的逗号可知，应用形容词depressed在句子中作状语。‎ 6. moments　考查名词。根据空格前的“one of”并结合语境可知，此处用最高级修饰名词moments，表示“最珍贵的时刻之一”。‎ 7. had noticed　考查过去完成时。notice的动作发生在said之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。‎ 8. hers　考查代词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，且由空格前的“my hands”可知，此处用名词性物主代词hers，表示她的手。‎ 9. who　考查非限定性定语从句。who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the headmaster。‎ ‎6‎ 如今手机上瘾现象非常严重，对人们的生活有着很大的危害。文章告诉我们是我们的自控力和自我约束力差而导致此种现象，并非手机本身的问题。‎ 1. had　考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“on Oct.22”可知，此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ 2. absorbed　考查固定短语。be absorbed in“专心致志，全神贯注”，是固定短语。‎ 3. throwing　考查现在分词。根据语境可知，此处表示“火车与他擦身而过，把他摔在了地上”，train和throw之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ 4. as　考查固定结构。serve as意为“起作用，产生效果”，此处表示“这应该给人们起一个警告作用”。‎ 5. when / while　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“尤其是当过马路的时候”，故用when或while，此处是“主语＋系动词”的省略。可还原为：especially when/while they are crossing roads。‎ 6. Luckily　考查副词。幸运的是，这个男子与死亡擦肩而过，但是这个事件迫使驾驶员停下了火车。在句首应该用lucky的副词形式，即Luckily。‎ 7. to stop　考查动词不定式。force sb to do sth意为“迫使某人做某事”，为固定结构。‎ 8. which　考查非限制性定语从句。因为这件事耽搁了18分钟，导致路线上其他火车的运行中断了。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的“An 18－minute delay”。‎ 9. addiction　考查名词。分析句子成分可知，此处作主语，意为“手机上瘾”，故用addicted的名词形式addiction，意为“上瘾”，addict作为名词时，意为“对……着迷的人”，此处不符合语境。‎ 1. worse　考查形容词比较级。what’s even worse意为“甚至更糟糕的是”，even修饰比较级，故用worse。‎ ‎7‎ ‎“我”在去Taiyetos Mountains的途中车子坏了，这时热情的村民帮助了“我”。‎ 1. when　考查连词。太阳正要落山时“我”的车抛锚在一个偏远的村庄附近。‎ 2. misfortune　考查名词。“我”咒骂自己的不幸。‎ 3. were arguing　考查过去进行时。根据语境可知，此处表示“村民们围着我在争论谁会很荣幸地邀请到我这位客人”。‎ 4. as　考查介词。as a guest“作为客人”。‎ 5. an　考查冠词。此处表示一位80岁的农妇。因为80的发音以元音音素开头，所以用an。‎ 6. to　考查介词。村长把他的马绑到“我”的汽车上，将汽车拉去一个小镇上的汽车修理厂。‎ 7. where　考查定语从句。a small town作先行词，所填词在从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导该定语从句。‎ 8. running　考查非谓语动词。notice sb/sth doing sth“注意到某人或某物正在做某事”，此处表示“我”看到三只母鸡在女主人家的院子里跑着，结果晚上其中的一只就成了“我”桌子上的菜了。‎ 9. merrily　考查副词。修饰动词talked应用副词。‎ 10. had caused　考查过去完成时。“带来麻烦”发生在“想报答”之前，为过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。句意：“我”想报答那位老妇人，因为“我”给她带来了麻烦，但是她拒绝了。‎ ‎8‎ 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名的法国巴黎时装周。‎ 1. taking　考查with的复合结构。此处是介词with的复合结构，该空前的“Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter events”与take place之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词taking。‎ 2. other　考查形容词。目前，巴黎时装周在Carrousel du Louver及这个城市其他的一些地方举行，根据句意可知此处填形容词other。‎ 3. one　考查代词。巴黎时装周是世界四大时装周之一。此处是“one of the...”的结构。‎ 4. what　考查宾语从句。时装周是为了向时尚业展示各品牌将要发布什么样的时装。此空后是show的宾语从句，由于在宾语从句中releasing缺少宾语，因此用what引导宾语从句。‎ 5. ‎(to) increase　考查并列非谓语动词。时装周的目的是在发表最新时装的同时促进销售。to show和(to) increase为并列关系。‎ 6. regarded　考查过去分词。Paris和New ‎ York，Milan，London一样被看作是时尚之都。Paris和regard之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，因此用过去分词regarded。‎ 1. impressive　考查形容词。法国的时尚以其优雅美丽的风格给其爱好者留下了深刻的(impressive)印象。‎ 2. are presented　考查时态及语态。这里表客观事实，用一般现在时；又因句子的主语与present之间是动宾关系，因此此处用一般现在时的被动语态，即are presented。‎ 3. designs　考查名词的数。design意为“设计”，为可数名词，此处表示复数的意义，因此填designs。‎ 4. while / and　考查连词。while在这里表对比关系，意思是“而”；此处也可以用and表并列关系，意思是“和”，故while和and均符合语境。‎ ‎9‎ 自拍，通常会用智能手机拍下一系列自己的照片，然后选出最满意的晒在网上。这在无意中增加自信。先爱自己才能去爱他人。‎ 1. ‎1. posting end up doing意思是“以……而告终”。‎ 2. best 人们都会选择自认为最漂亮的照片发在网上。 ‎ 3. is removed 分析句意可知，哲理应该是“人有了自信，不好的事就被抛开了”。全文是一般现在时，所以用被动语态。‎ 4. determination 微笑给了他爱自己的决心，所以用名词determination，放在定冠词the后。‎ 5. a 我读过一首诗。所以用a表“一首”。 ‎ 6. what 根据回答可知问题是“你爱什么”。‎ 7. myself 文章讲的是自拍让人们自爱自信。‎ 8. no 此处…am I saying that…是倒装，结合语境可知用no。句意：我绝不会认为自拍是增加人的自信的一个方法。‎ 9. to a way to sth.意为“……的方法”。‎ 10. However / Rather / Instead 句意：不过，自拍照确实在允许个人表达自己的想法方面值得赞扬。‎ ‎10‎ 本文是一篇调查报告。文章介绍了顾客点的饭菜和他们位置的关系。‎ 1. the 此处表示“每家饭店的设计风格”，“the+名词+of”意为“……的……”。‎ 2. to track 研究人员然后用菜单来追踪顾客所点的饭菜和他们所坐位置的关系，这里表示目的。‎ 3. farthest/furthest 根据“ate the fewest salads”可知，这里说的是坐在离前门最远的顾客。‎ 4. were and连接两个并列的动词短语，主语是people，谓语用复数，根据“The results were telling”可知用一般过去时，故填were。‎ 5. seated seated“就坐的，坐着的”，相当于sitting，是形容词化的过去分词，表“坐着”的状态。‎ 1. while / and 此处while意为“然而”，表示对比；这里也可看作是由and连接的两个分句。‎ 2. it “the+比较级，the+比较级”意为“越……，就越……”；“it is+形容词+to do sth”意为“做某事怎么样”，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。‎ 3. passers-by passer-by是一个合成词，复数是在passer后加s。‎ 4. of 短语be aware of sth 意为“知道，了解”。‎ 5. eating by通过，后跟名词或动名词。‎