【英语】北京市房山区2020届高三二模试题（解析版）

【英语】北京市房山区2020届高三二模试题（解析版）

北京市房山区2020届高三二模 英语试题 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）‎ A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Ma was born into a doctor’s family in 1933 and became a military doctor in 1947. She ___1___ (apply) to become a paratrooper in 1961, but her first application failed because there were no female paratroopers at that time. But she learnt to parachute by training hard in secret. Finally, she became China’s first female paratrooper. She set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump ___2___ the age of 51. She completed over 140 parachuting jumps over a period of 20 years. In 2018, Ma donated her entire life savings to her home town. This ___3___ (donate) was to support local education and public welfare.‎ ‎【答案】1. applied 2. at 3. donation ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要讲述了中国第一位女伞兵——马旭的生平故事。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：她在1961年申请成为一名伞兵，但是她的第一次申请失败了，因为当时没有女伞兵。根据时间状语in 1961可知，应使用一般过去时。故填applied。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：她以51岁的年龄创下了跳伞年龄最大的女兵纪录。在具体的多少岁的时候，应使用介词at。故填at。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：这笔捐款用于支持当地的教育和公益事业。此处做主语，前有this，应使用名词单数形式，意为“这笔捐款”。故填donation。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Shadow plays, the earliest of ___4___ started over 2000 years ago, have enjoyed a long history in China and consist of many styles. One famous branch displayed in museum is called Taian Shadow Play. It is believed that it originated in the Song Dynasty when an emperor came to Mount Tai to offer sacrifice. In the past, the authentic shadow figures ___5___ (make) of donkey skin. But nowadays，to save the ___6___ (life) of many donkeys, they have found some man-made materials, which are used for the figures in the hands-on area.‎ ‎【答案】4. which 5. were made 6. lives ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种传统艺术形式皮影戏的起源以及制作材料方面的一些情况。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：皮影戏(Shadow play)最早出现在2000多年前，在中国历史悠久、风格各异。分析句子结构，“the earliest of _____ started over 2000 years ago”是定语从句，先行词是shadow plays，指物，关系词在从句中作the earliest of后的介词宾语；在定语从句中，先行词指物时，在介词后应该用which；此处是“形容词最高级+of+which”引导定语从句。故填which。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查时态和语态。句意：在过去，真正的皮影人物是用驴皮制作的。根据时间状语in the past可知，句子叙述的是过去的情况，应该用一般过去时；句子主语the authentic shadow figures和make之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应该用被动语态，因此用一般过去时的被动语态be done；短语be made of“由……制成”；主语the authentic shadow figures是复数，因此谓语动词也应该用复数的形式；make是不规则变化动词，过去式为made。故填were made。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查可数名词单复数。句意：但是现在，为了挽救许多驴子的生命，他们找到了一些人造材料，用于实际操作部分的皮影人物。life是可数名词；根据many donkeys可知是“许多驴子的生命”，life应该用复数形式。故填lives。‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ The oceans are a valuable source of natural resources. Some of them are ___7___ (complete) new to us. Most notable of these is China’s discovery of an ice-like substance, ___8___ (know) as ‎ ‎“fire ice”, under the South China Sea. In addition, China’s underwater vessels, such as the Jiaolong and ShenhaiYongshi, have been exploring waters at depths of thousands of metres. The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine, at 7,062 metres, ___9___ (give) China its place alongside the world’s top ocean explorers. The research conducted by these vessels is providing scientists with a better understanding of ____10____ the sea bed was formed, as well as helping identify areas for deep-sea drilling, taking deep-sea exploration into a whole new era.‎ ‎【答案】7. completely 8. known 9. giving 10. how ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国对深海探索的情况及意义。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：有些对我们来说是全新的。此处修饰形容词new，应使用副词。故填completely。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：其中最值得注意的是，中国在中国南海海底发现了一种被称为“火冰”的类冰物质。know与an ice-like substance是逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词作定语，表被动。故填known。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：蛟龙号还保持着载人潜艇下潜最深的记录，下潜深度为‎7062米，使中国在世界顶级海洋探险家之列占有一席之地。give与The Jiaolong是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应使用现在分词。故填giving。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。句意：这些船进行的研究为科学家提供了更好的了解海床是如何形成的，并有助于确定深海钻探区域，将深海勘探带入一个全新的时代。此处是宾语从句，连接词在从句中做方式状语，应使用how引导。故填how。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ My education started in a small village of India, I did not have any English then. When I discovered that famous novelist George Orwell was born in Motihari, it made me wonder if I ‎ could be a writer too. That day, it became my ____11____.‎ My father opened up the world of books for me. I must have been seven or eight, when he first ____12____ me a Hindi (印地语) storybook. When dad was reading the book for me, I was ___13___ by the stories. By the time I was in Grade 10, I had finished reading hundreds of novels. Also, my private tutor made me ____14____ that it was possible for me to learn the language. After 10 months with her, I started reading picture books in English.‎ Two years later, I began to read my first English novel. Then I ____15____ that I should try writing newspaper articles, improve my skills and then progress to longer forms. I approached a couple of Hindi newspapers with my writing but was promptly ____16____. They said my article didn’t live up to their standards. I was so ____17____ that I doubted my ability. At this time, I met kind-hearted Daniel who ____18____ my first article after heavy editing. It was an important turning point for me, my ____19____ as a writer began.‎ After writing a dozen articles and reviews, I knew it was finally time to plan my novel. ____20____ the plot was really tough for me. I managed to write the first _____21_____ of my novel! Full of _____22_____, I sent it to Mary Mount, a famous editor right away. My submission was _____23_____ again, but I was still grateful just to hear from her.‎ One year later, I finished my writing work again. I _____24_____ another editor. A month later, the feed-back landed on my table, but it was desperate, to put it mildly. I _____25_____, believing I’d never get published.‎ When I shared it with my friend, she _____26_____ me a lot. Her feedback and support helped me improve my manuscript further. Then I submitted it to a few publishers and a few days later, I got a _____27_____ from a publisher. To my _____28_____, he informed me that my book would be published. What surprised me was that a few production houses had expressed interest in my novel. One of the directors _____29_____ intended to adapt it for the screen. It is because of my _____30_____ and the encouragement from my family and friend, after 21 years struggling, that eventually I fulfilled my dream.‎ ‎11. A. dream B. career C. memory D. ability ‎12. A. returned B. lent C. drew D. bought ‎13. A. attracted B. frightened C. amused D. warned ‎14. A. remember B. regret C. believe D. suggest ‎15. A. admitted B. realized C. explained D. complained ‎16. A. put down B. written down C. broken down D. turned down ‎17. A. worried B. surprised C. depressed D. excited ‎18. A. published B. refused C. copied D. recited ‎19. A. program B. report C. drill D. journey ‎20. A. Creating B. Sharing C. Comparing D. Deleting ‎21. A. chapter B. draft C. line D. question ‎22. A. pride B. energy C. expectation D. patience ‎23. A. praised B. rejected C. accused D. collected ‎24. A. invited B. helped C. protected D. contacted ‎25. A. laughed B. cheered C. cried D. clapped ‎26. A. rewarded B. donated C. thanked D. encouraged ‎27. A. call B. book C. gift D. task ‎28. A. sorrow B. delight C. disappointment D. embarrassment ‎29. A. hardly B. just C. even D. only ‎30. A. talent B. effort C. bravery D. modesty ‎【答案】11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己在写作方面的成长历程。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那一天，它成了我的梦想。A. dream梦想；B. career职业；C. memory记忆；D. ability能力。根据上文it made me wonder if I could be a writer too.可知，成为作家成为我的梦想。故选A。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他第一次给我买了一本印地语故事书的时候，我大概有七、八岁。A. returned返回；B. lent借；C. drew画；D. bought买。根据空后a Hindi (印地语) storybook可知，父亲给我买了一本印地语故事书。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当爸爸为我读这本书的时候，我被故事所吸引。A. attracted吸引；B. frightened使害怕；C. amused使欢乐；D. warned警告。根据下文By the time I was in Grade 10, I had finished reading hundreds of novels.可知，我被故事所吸引。故选A。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同时，我的私人老师让我相信我是有可能学习语言的。A. remember记得；B. regret后悔；C. believe相信；D. suggest建议。根据下文After 10 months with her, I started reading picture books in English.可知，老师让我相信我是有可能学习语言的。故选C。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我意识到我应该尝试写报纸文章，提高我的技能，然后进步到更长的形式。A. admitted承认；B. realized意识到；C. explained解释；D. complained抱怨。根据上文Two years later, I began to read my first English novel.及空后I should try writing newspaper articles可知，读了英文小说之后，我意识到我应该尝试写文章了。故选B。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我向几家印地语报纸投稿，但立即遭到拒绝。A. put down放下；B. written down写下；C. broken down分解，临时出故障；D. turned down拒绝，减少。根据下文They said my article didn’t live up to their standards.可知，我的投稿被拒绝了。故选D。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我太沮丧了，以致于我怀疑我的能力。A. worried担心的；B. surprised吃惊的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. excited兴奋的。根据上文可知，投稿被拒绝了，肯定感到沮丧。故选C。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个时候，我遇到了善良的Daniel，他在经过大量的编辑后发表了我的第一篇文章。A. published发表；B. refused拒绝；C. copied复制；D. recited背诵，叙述。根据空后my first article after heavy editing可知，经过大量的编辑后发表了我的第一篇文章。故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是一个重要的转折点，我的写作之旅开始了。A. program项目；B. report报告；C. drill训练，钻孔机；D. journey旅行。根据下文After writing a dozen articles and reviews, I knew it was finally time to plan my novel.可知，我开始了自己的写作之旅。故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：创作情节对我来说真的很困难。A. Creating创作；B. Sharing分享；C. Comparing比较；D. Deleting删除。根据上文I knew it was finally time to plan my novel.及常识可知，第一次尝试写小说，创作情节应该是很困难的。故选A。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我设法写出了小说的初稿！A. chapter章；B. draft草稿；C. line台词；D. question问题。根据上文可知，第一次尝试写小说，此处应该是小说的初稿。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：满怀期待，我立刻把它寄给了著名编辑玛丽·芒特。A. pride自豪，骄傲；B. energy精力，能量；C. expectation期望；D. patience耐心。根据空后I sent it to Mary Mount, a famous editor right away.可知，我满怀期待地把小说初稿寄了出去。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的提交再次被拒绝，但我还是很感激能收到她的来信。A. praised表扬；B. rejected拒绝；C. accused控告；D. collected收集。根据上文及空后again可知，我再次被拒绝。故选B。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我联系了另一位编辑。A. invited邀请；B. helped帮助；C. protected保护；D. contacted联系。根据语境可知，完成作品后，联系了另一位编辑。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我哭了，觉得我的作品永远也不会发表了。A. laughed笑；B. cheered欢呼；C. cried哭；D. clapped拍手。根据上文可知，作品再次被拒绝，我觉得自己的作品永远也不会发表了，所以伤心地哭了。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我把它分享给我的朋友时，她给了我很大的鼓励。A. rewarded奖励；B. donated捐赠；C. thanked感谢；D. encouraged鼓励。根据下文Her feedback and support helped me improve my manuscript further.可知，我的朋友给了我很大的鼓励。故选D。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我把它提交给了几个出版商，几天后，我接到了一个出版商的电话。A. call电话；B. book书；C. gift礼物；D. task任务。根据上文Then I submitted it to ‎ a few publishers及常识可知，我接到了一个出版商的电话。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我高兴的是，他告诉我我的书要出版了。A. sorrow悲伤；B. delight高兴；C. disappointment失望；D. embarrassment尴尬。经常多次尝试之后，我的书终于要出版了，肯定很高兴。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：其中一位导演甚至打算把它改编成电影。A. hardly几乎不；B. just仅仅；C. even甚至；D. only唯一。根据语境可知，此处表示意外的结果，even符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是因为我的努力和家人朋友的鼓励，经过21年的奋斗，我终于实现了我的梦想。A. talent天赋；B. effort努力；C. bravery勇气；D. modesty谦虚。根据上文可知，为了实现写作的梦想，我付出了很多的努力。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第16小题，根据下文Her feedback and support helped me improve my manuscript further.可知，我的朋友给了我很大的鼓励。A. rewarded奖励；B. donated捐赠；C. thanked感谢；D. encouraged鼓励。句意：当我把它分享给我的朋友时，她给了我很大的鼓励。故选D。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Dear Friends,‎ You may be familiar with our growing collection of remarkable true stories from around the world about young animals facing disaster and misfortune: a baby hippo orphaned during the Asian tsunami and adopted and raised by a 130-year-old giant tortoise; a baby polar bear abandoned at birth by his mother and hand-raised by a caring zookeeper at the Berlin Zoo.‎ We are now pleased to introduce you another remarkable true story—unlike our other land-based stories, this one rises from the sea. The name of the book is called Winter’s Tail. This ‎ is the story of Winter, a young female dolphin who injures and then loses her tail after being injured off the coast of Florida. The injured Winter is rescued from a crab trap and brought to the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, a marine animal hospital, where she at first adjusts and learns to swim without her tail by moving her body with a side-to-side action. Winter’s actions and behaviors cause great concern among her caretakers because it is clear to them that she is injuring her body and internal organs with this painful and inelegant method of movement.‎ But luckily, an engineer designed an artificial tail that enables Winter to once again swim like a dolphin. The solution to this problem came from the miracle of modern technology. It was very challenging but now Winter is thriving and using her new tail with great command. Winter has already become an inspiration and an icon for millions touched directly and indirectly by all types of challenges.‎ This is an interesting book. I hope you enjoy the interesting and touching story of one brave little dolphin who learned how to swim again.‎ With love and hope,‎ Juliana ‎31. From the passage, what can we know about Winter?‎ A. She was rescued by a zookeeper.‎ B. She gets used to living without her tail.‎ C. She was abandoned at birth by her mother.‎ D. She swims again with the help of an engineer.‎ ‎32. The letter is probably written to .‎ A. teenagers B. engineers C. swimmers D. zookeepers ‎33. Why does the author write this letter?‎ A. To call on people to protect the animals.‎ B. To arouse people’s interest in this story book.‎ C. To attract more people to watch the dolphin show.‎ D. To inform the development of modern technology.‎ ‎【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是应用文。文章是一封信，在信中作者向读者介绍一本书《Winter’s Tail》的故事情节，希望读者能够阅读、欣赏这有趣又感人的故事。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。文章第二段中提到海豚Winter受伤后失去了尾巴。第三段中提到“an engineer designed an artificial tail that enables Winter to once again swim like a dolphin.”可知，一名工程师设计出了一种人造尾巴，使Winter又可以像海豚一样游泳。因此推断在工程师的帮助下，Winter再次能游泳了。故选D项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 推理判断题。文章第一段中提到“…our growing collection of remarkable true stories from around the world about young animals facing disaster and misfortune” 作者收集了很多关于小动物面临灾难和不幸的真实故事；文章第二、三段讲述失去尾巴的海豚Winter的故事。根据“remarkable true stories”“young animals”可知，关于各种小动物的故事书的读者对象应该是青少年。因此这封信是写给青少年的。故选A项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 推理判断题。第四段中提到“This is an interesting book. I hope you enjoy the interesting and touching story”，作者在信中讲述了失去尾巴的海豚Winter的故事。作者写这封信的目的是希望读者能阅读这有趣又感人的故事，激起人们阅读这本书的兴趣。故选B项。‎ B Every day on her walk to school, Khloe Thompson, a nine-year-old girl, kept noticing the same homeless people and couldn’t help but feel troubled. She kept asking her mom why or how they were there, and at the end of the conversation she always wondered, “What can I do to help?” Seeing these struggling individuals in her community, Khloe made a resolution to create her own charity devoted to improving the lives of local homeless people. After Khloe made the decision firmly, she quickly began to effect change in the homeless community, raising spirits while lending some much-needed assistance to those living on the street.‎ ‎“No dream is too small or too big!” writes Khloe on her GoFundMe page, which was set up by Khloe and her mom Alisha and has raised $‎14,000 in the two months since it was established, exceeding its original $10,000 goal. “Any funds raised on this page will go toward our charity filing fees and any future volunteer projects. The more we raise, the more people we can help!”‎ The charity, called Khloe Kares, is a community service-oriented organization that plans ‎ different projects to give some assistance to those in need. Khloe’s first project was Kare Bags, which are intended to help the homeless. “I like to give them a nice sturdy bag that they can have forever,” says Khloe, “Sometimes they give me hugs and then they say thank you.”‎ ‎“As a parent, you’re going to be concerned about her walking up to random strangers,” says Alisha, who accompanies Khloe when she hands out her Kare Bags. After seeing people’s positive reactions, she said “People really warm up to her quickly.”‎ As Khloe strives to help those near her, homelessness has become an increasingly pressing issue. For Khloe, Kare Bags are just the beginning. She is currently planning a toy drive for kids living in group homes, which will take place on July. She has collected about $1,000 worth of toys to give out, and additional voluntary gifts will go towards The Raise Foundation of Orange County, whose goal is to stop child abuse and neglect.‎ ‎34. Khloe created her own charity to .‎ A. collect money for children’s toys B. help homeless people of the local area C. protect more children from abuse and neglect D. improve the living condition of the community ‎35. From the passage, we can know that GoFundMe page .‎ A. is a community service-oriented organization B. was set up by Khloe and some local volunteers C. plans different projects to help those people in need D raises fund for filing fees and future volunteer projects ‎36. Which of the following words can best describe Khole?‎ A. Devoted and open-minded.‎ B. Humorous and strong-willed.‎ C. Determined and warm-hearted.‎ D. Knowledgeable and hard-working.‎ ‎37. Which of the following can be the best title?‎ A. No Life is Easy B. The Road to Success C. The Power of Volunteers D. Lend a Hand to Strangers ‎【答案】34. B 35. D 36. C 37. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是记叙文。为了帮助改善当地无家可归者的生活，Khloe建立了慈善机构Khloe Kares，并创建了GoFundMe网页，筹集资金，开展不同的项目来帮助那些需要帮助的人。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Khloe made a resolution to create her own charity devoted to improving the lives of local homeless people.（科勒决定创立自己的慈善机构，致力于改善当地无家可归者的生活。）”可知，Khloe创立了自己的慈善机构目的是帮助当地无家可归的人。故选B项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。文章第二段中提到“Any funds raised on this page will go toward our charity filing fees and any future volunteer projects.”可知，Khloe 和她的妈妈Alisha创建GoFundMe网页来筹集的资金，这些资金将用于慈善申请费用和未来的志愿者项目。故选D项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 推理判断题。文章第一段中提到“Khloe made a resolution to create her own charity devoted to improving the lives of local homeless people.”和“Khloe made the decision firmly”， Khloe决心创立自己的慈善机构，致力于改善当地无家可归者的生活，并且是很坚定地做出这个决定。由此可知，Khole是个很热心、又有决心的人。故选C项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据文章中的“improving the lives of local homeless people”“give some assistance to those in need”“help the homeless”可知，Khloe建立了慈善机构Khloe Kares是为了帮助改善当地无家可归人的生活；她创建了GoFundMe网页，筹集资金，以帮助更多的人。文章是关于Khloe是如何帮助当地的人的。因此文章的标题应该是“帮助陌生人”。故选D项。‎ C While gazing at an airplane passing thousands of feet overhead, or when you are just about to board a flight at the airport, have you ever noticed that the majority of airplanes are white? Sure, some have decorations and names in different colors, but the base color behind those add-ons is almost always white.‎ Now, thinking of your summer wardrobe, which has at least a couple of white items, be it a T-shirt, a pair of pants, or a skirt. The main reason people prefer white on a hot day is its particular ability to reflect sunlight. The color white is a terrific reflector of sunlight, and reflects almost all the light that falls on it, unlike other colors, which absorb some of the light. So, just like clothing, aircraft producers use white paint to keep airplanes cool. It minimizes the heating as well as the potential harm from solar radiation. Planes have some parts made from plastic, carbon fiber, and fiberglass. Those things in particular need the most protection from the blazing sun.‎ The next reason for painting planes white is even more practical. It’s just cheaper to have white-colored plane. You see, all airplanes start out white when they’re made. But what if an airline decides to paint theirs, say, bright yellow? An additional layer of paint will add more than 1,000 pounds of weight to the aircraft. The paint on a Boeing 737 weighs ‎180kg and on a Boeing 747 is around ‎500kg. Weight increment means the increase of fuel burnt, and that can get pricey. Most airlines want to avoid the higher cost.‎ When flying at high altitudes, exposed to various atmospheric conditions, colored airplanes tend to fade, and thus require a lot of paint jobs to maintain their artistic appeal. A white-colored airplane, on the other hand, doesn’t appear significantly different, even after spending a considerable amount of time in the air.‎ Besides, airplanes are regularly inspected for cracks and any other form of surface damage for obvious safety reasons. Nothing works better than white when it comes to spotting a crack on the surface, as the crack is almost always darker than white. Plus, a white plane is easier to spot visually in the event of a crash or any other mishap, especially at night, or in a massive body of water.‎ Additionally, a study published in Human-Wildlife Interactions found that the paint job does make a difference to birds: “This finding suggests that a whiter airframe would stand out more against the sky from the perspective of the flying bird’s visual system.” According to ABC, approximately $300 million dollars’ worth of damage to planes is caused by birds each year. There you have it: Planes are white to keep you as safe and comfortable as possible, with the added bonus of hitting by fewer birds.‎ ‎38. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Colored airplane is easier to spot when in the event of a crash.‎ B. White color can absorb some of the light and make the plane cool.‎ C. White paint can decrease the possible damage of the sun radiation.‎ D. Colored aircrafts do not fade easily and maintain the color for a long time.‎ ‎39. The underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refers to .‎ A. the aircrafts B. white-colored plane C. most airlines D. the increase of fuel burnt ‎40. Why does the author mention the birds in the last paragraph?‎ A. To introduce how the birds’ visual system works.‎ B. To show the cost of an airplane is quite expensive.‎ C. To state white plane is more obvious to flying birds.‎ D. To stress how serious damage birds can do to planes.‎ ‎41. The main purpose of this passage is to .‎ A. inform and explain B. discuss and clarify C. analyze and advise D. compare and evaluate ‎【答案】38. C 39. D 40. C 41. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么大多数飞机都是白色的。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的So, just like clothing, aircraft producers use white paint to keep airplanes cool. It minimizes the heating as well as the potential harm from solar radiation.可知，所以，就像衣服一样，飞机制造商使用白色涂料来保持飞机凉爽。它将尽量减少加热，并且将太阳辐射的潜在危害降到最低。由此可知，白色涂料可以减少太阳辐射可能造成的损害。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句Weight increment means the increase of fuel burnt, and that can get pricey.的可知，重量的增加意味着燃料消耗的增加，那可能会变得昂贵。由此可知，that指的是上半句中的the increase of fuel burnt。故选D。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的This finding suggests that a whiter airframe would stand out more against the sky from the perspective of the flying bird’s visual ‎ system.可知，这一发现表明，从飞行鸟类的视觉系统的角度来看，更白的机身在天空中更显眼。由此可知，作者在最后一段提到鸟类是为了说明，白色的飞机对飞翔的鸟类来说更明显。故选C。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的While gazing at an airplane passing thousands of feet overhead, or when you are just about to board a flight at the airport, have you ever noticed that the majority of airplanes are white? (当你凝视着从几千英尺高空飞过的飞机时，或者当你正要在机场登机时，你是否注意到大多数飞机都是白色的？)可知，此处引出话题，然后后文主要解释了为什么大多数飞机都是白色的。由此可知，这篇文章的主要目的是告知和解释。故选A。‎ D Sometimes, when looking at the things that have been lying around for a long time in our lives, we probably realize that those items may be useful to others. With the development of the internet, online communities have figured out a way to generate profit from the sharing of those underused assets. Using websites and social media platforms that facilitate the buying and selling of second-hand goods, it is now easier than ever for peer-to-peer sharing activities to take place. And this is what we call sharing economy.‎ One of the things consumers appreciate when using or working in the sharing economy is the flexibility. It offers services to people when and where they want them. For those who don’t care for traditional office work, sharing economies do not require professional working environments, so there is no need to put yourself in an atmosphere that unfits for your personality. It allows people to choose flexible atmosphere to work remotely instead of in one physical office space.‎ A sharing economy helps consumers to earn money by renting out underused goods or resources. For example, you can rent out a home using Airbnb, expensive tools from one’s garage, cars, or even sharing the groceries before going on a holiday. All of these provide a way for items to be resold and repurposed instead of just thrown away. Therefore, it helps to reduce waste and make or save money for the provider and users.‎ But the sharing economy is not without criticisms. The sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision. One downside is that in many cases there is a lack of regulation to check the products and services exchanged during these deals. Unlike formal companies, unregulated individuals do not follow certain regulations and this can lead to poorer and inconsistent quality of goods and services and a higher risk of fraud. For example, hotels are ‎ inspected to assure quality, whereas some apartments for short-term rental online are not. The digitally-driven peer-to-peer nature of the sharing economy services sometimes doesn’t match well with certain regulations, which on the other hand, helps keep the provided services more affordable.‎ Another problem is related to safety concerns. Most sharing economy platforms are based on trust, as well as ratings by guests and hosts. But sometimes it happens that one uses a car, or rents an apartment and it is totally different than one imagines. After all, we have heard some unpleasant tales of guests and hosts.‎ The sharing economy definitely has its lovers and haters. Many are not ready to switch to that model, where others are already using more than four platforms in their daily lives.‎ ‎42. What makes peer-to-peer sharing activities easier?‎ A. The convenience of the network.‎ B The development of community.‎ C. People’s keeping underused things.‎ D. People’s demand of second-hand goods.‎ ‎43. The example in paragraph 4 is used to show .‎ A. sharing economy services are more affordable B. short-term rental apartments are cheaper than hotels C. the current rules can’t regulate the quality of online business D. apartments rental online can’t ensure the safety of the guests ‎44. What is the author’s attitude towards sharing economy?‎ A. Supportive. B. Neutral. ‎ C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful.‎ ‎45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion A. B. ‎ C. D. ‎ ‎【答案】42. A 43. C 44. B 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。通过实例，客观说明共享经济的好处与坏处，以及人们对这种新生事物的态度。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。审题得知什么使得peer-to-peer sharing activities 人到人共享活动这么容易方便。通过关键词可定位于此：With the development of the internet, …. Using websites and social media platforms that facilitate the buying and selling of second-hand goods, it is now easier than ever for peer-to-peer sharing activities to take place.随着网络的发展……，使用网络和社交媒体平台买卖二手商品，现在使得人到人共享经济活动，比以前更方便、更容易了。这里可以得知是网络使得这一活动更容易的，故the convenience of the network“网络的便捷性”切合文意。故选A。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。审题得知第四段的例子说明什么。举例说明的事物往往是例子前面的内容，故定位于此：The sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision.分享经济的发展速度超过了现有的法规或持续的监管。据此可推定此例子是用来说明目前的规则无法规范网络业务的质量，正如C选项所指出的那样：the current rules can’t regulate the quality of online business。当今的规则不能约束网络商务活动的品质。切合文意。故选C。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。这是询问观点态度的题目。这类题目的要点是每段首句要综合起来分析。第一段结尾下定义：And this is what we call sharing economy.这就是我们叫做共享经济的东西。第二段首句：One of the things consumers appreciate when using or working in the sharing economy is the flexibility.消费者欣赏共享经济时的一件事就是灵活性。第三段首句：A sharing economy helps consumers to earn money by renting out underused goods or ‎ resources.共享经济帮助消费者通过出租未充分利用的商品或者资源来挣钱。第四段首句：But the sharing economy is not without criticisms但共享经济不是没有受到批评。第五段首句：Another problem is related to safety concerns.另外一个问题就是安全问题令人担心。第六段首句：The sharing economy definitely has its lovers and haters.共享经济肯定有它的爱好者，也有反对者。通过对这些中心句的分析和综合可以得出他的态度和观点是不偏不倚的，中立的。故选B。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。这是文章结构推理判断题类型。做此类题目也要分析每段首句。故分析同上题。这里主要是看结构是如何组织的：先下定义什么是共享经济。然后讲述共享经济的好处，举例说明。然后讲它的问题，举例说明。最后总结。此结构和B选项切合。故选B。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ A study revealed that, in most occasions, the outcome on a given task can be improved when two people have helped each other instead of working on their own. As early as 1624 John Donne has already popularized the phrase “No man is an island”. And this is especially true, be it in the workplace, in doing scientific research, or working in events. One of the benefits of cooperation is that people can pool together their skills and wisdom towards a common aim. Because of this, they have a higher chance of being more successful. ___46___‎ Teamwork promotes diversity. The very nature of teamwork requires a group of people from various backgrounds to come together and share their thinking. ____47____ This level of diversity generates cultural understanding, increased communication through collective knowledge of approaches and a larger resource of opinions.‎ ‎___48___ Working within a team helps us to create an environment which inspires collective knowledge, resources and skills. Consequently, this allows us to pick some ideas and to reflect on our own way of thinking. Teamwork also encourages self-improvement because it helps us to expand our horizons and make better use of our own intrinsic capabilities. And since self-improvement helps us in seeking better ways to perform our role within a team, it improves both the efficiency and productivity of the team as a whole.‎ Completion of task becomes easy. Each member has unique skills to help with the project. ____49____ For example, you may ask one person to do research, another to take charge of social ‎ media marketing, and another to look after delivery. Teamwork can get the most of each person’s strengths.‎ ‎___50___ For instance, tackling about climate change by researchers who come from different disciplines (学科) could potentially lead to ground-breaking researches. In the traditional research world, one researcher pursued a theme over several decades. However, academia is fostering a fresh research culture, whereby academic works advance through the creation of interdisciplinary research.‎ A. Teamwork encourages healthy competition.‎ B. It promotes peer learning and self-improvement.‎ C. So a task can be assigned based on a person’s skills and expertise.‎ D. There are many benefits we can gain out of teamwork and cooperation.‎ E The seeds of creativity and innovation spring from the exchange of ideas.‎ F. As a result, different opinions and problem-solving methods can be formed.‎ G. Cooperation has several benefits including shared risk, resources and knowledge.‎ ‎【答案】46. D 47. F 48. B 49. C 50. E ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇议论文。一项研究表明，在大多数情况下，当两个人互相帮助而不是单独工作时，任务的结果会得到改善。文章论述了合作的意义及重要性。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 根据上文One of the benefits of cooperation is that people can pool together their skills and wisdom towards a common aim. Because of this, they have a higher chance of being more successful.(合作好处之一是人们可以为一个共同的目标集中他们的技能和智慧。正因为如此，他们更有可能更成功)可知，此处在讲述合作的好处。由此可知，D. There are many benefits we can gain out of teamwork and cooperation.(我们可以从团队合作中获得很多好处)符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据上文The very nature of teamwork requires a group of people from various backgrounds to come together and share their thinking.(团队合作的本质要求一群来自不同背景的人走到一起，分享他们的想法)可知，F. As a result, different opinions and problem-solving methods can be formed. (形成不同的意见和解决问题的方法)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据下文Working within a team helps us to create an environment which inspires collective knowledge, resources and skills. Consequently, this allows us to pick some ideas and to reflect on our own way of thinking. Teamwork also encourages self-improvement because it helps us to expand our horizons and make better use of our own intrinsic capabilities.可知，在团队中工作有助于我们创造一个激发集体知识、资源和技能的环境。因此，这允许我们挑选一些想法，并反思我们自己的思维方式。团队合作还鼓励自我完善，因为它帮助我们扩大我们的视野，更好地利用我们自己的内在能力。由此可知，B. It promotes peer learning and self-improvement. (它促进同伴学习和自我完善)可以做本段主题句，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 根据上文Each member has unique skills to help with the project.(每个成员都有独特的技能来帮助这个项目)及下文列举的例子可知，C. So a task can be assigned based on a person’s skills and expertise.(所以可以根据一个人的技能和专长来分配任务)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 根据下文For instance, tackling about climate change by researchers who come from different disciplines (学科) could potentially lead to ground-breaking researches.可知，由来自不同学科的研究人员解决气候变化问题可能会带来突破性的研究。由此可知，E. The seeds of creativity and innovation spring from the exchange of ideas. (创造力和革新的种子来自思想的交流)符合语境。故选E。‎ 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）‎ 第一节（15分）‎ ‎51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim作为交换生目前正在上海学习。在给你的邮件中曾提到他对中国特色服饰文化很感兴趣。你得知今年十月将在北京举办 “中国服装艺术，创意设计”文化周活动，请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 时间、地点、参加人员；‎ ‎2. 主要活动安排；‎ ‎3. 询问对方的意向。‎ 注意：1. 词数不少于50；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Jim,‎ How have you been recently? In your last letter, you expressed great interest in Chinese clothing culture. Here is some good news for you! ‎ A culture week themed “Chinese Clothing Art and Creative Design” is to be held in Beijing this October. The participants are mainly costume culture lovers and designers. There will be Chinese clothes featuring different historical periods on display, like the well-known Chinese costumes in the Tang Dynasty. The costume show will surely be a feast for your eyes. What’s more, you’ll have the hands-on opportunity to make your own innovative clothes design.‎ Do you feel interested in the activity? Will you come to Beijing for the culture week this October? Looking forward to hearing from you soon!‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封邮件。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：‎ 审题：邮件 询问Jim是否有意参加“中国服装艺术，创意设计”文化周活动 ‎ 人称：第三人称 ‎ 时态：一般将来时 结构：总分法，分三部分，第一部分说明写信的目的，第二部分介绍文化周的具体情况，第三部分询问对方的意向。‎ 要点：‎ ‎1. 说明写信的目的：告诉Jim关于文化周的消息 ‎ ‎2．介绍文化周的具体情况 ‎①时间、地点、参加人员：今年10月，在北京，中国服饰文化爱好者和设计者 ‎②主要活动安排：中国服饰展，参加亲自动手的体验活动 ‎3．询问对方是否参加 第二步：列提纲（重点词汇、短语）‎ express interest in；a culture week；theme；participant；costume culture lovers and designers；feature；a feast for one’s eyes；have the hands-on opportunity to do…；hear from 第三步：连词成句 ‎(1)You expressed great interest in Chinese clothing culture. ‎ ‎(2) A culture week is themed “Chinese Clothing Art and Creative Design”.‎ ‎（3）The culture week is to be held in Beijing this October.‎ ‎(4) The participants are mainly costume culture lovers and designers. ‎ ‎(5) There will be Chinese clothes on display.‎ ‎(6) Chinese clothes feature different historical periods. ‎ ‎(7) The costume show will surely be a feast for your eyes. ‎ ‎(8) You’ll have the hands-on opportunity to make your own innovative clothes design.‎ ‎(9) Do you feel interested in the activity? ‎ ‎(10) Will you come to Beijing for the culture week this October? ‎ 根据提示和关键词进行遣词造句,适当地运用句型，注意时态和主谓一致问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇(衔接词、亮点词汇)‎ 第2个句子做定语从句或过去分词作定语，连接下面的两个句子 ‎（2）A culture week is to be held in Beijing this October.‎ ‎（3）The culture week is themed “Chinese Clothing Art and Creative Design”.‎ ‎→A culture week (which is) themed “Chinese Clothing Art and Creative Design” is to be held in Beijing this October. ‎ 用表示递进关系的过渡词连接下面的两个句子 ‎(7) The costume show will surely be a feast for your eyes. ‎ ‎(8) You’ll have the hands-on opportunity to make your own innovative clothes design.‎ ‎→ The costume show will surely be a feast for your eyes. What’s more, you’ll have the hands-on opportunity to make your own innovative clothes design.‎ ‎→ The costume show will surely be a feast for your eyes. Besides , you’ll have the hands-on opportunity to make your own innovative clothes design.‎ ‎→ The costume show will surely be a feast for your eyes. In addition, you’ll have the hands-on opportunity to make your own innovative clothes design.‎ 适当地运用高级词汇、复杂句式提升文章的档次，增加文章的可读性。‎ ‎【点睛】范文要点全面，结构清晰，层次分明，上下文连贯，在表达时用到了很多高级词汇，如 express interest in；a culture week；theme；participant；costume culture lovers and designers；feature；a feast for one’s eyes；have the hands-on opportunity to do…；hear from等；复杂句式的运用提升了文章层次，如过去分词短语做后置定语的运用a culture week themed “Chinese Clothing Art and Creative Design”；there be句型的运用There will be Chinese clothes featuring different historical periods on display；过渡词的恰当运用使句子过渡自然what’s more ,you’ll have the hands-on opportunity to …等。‎ 第二节（20分）‎ ‎52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上个月开展了一次以“阅读名著，再现经典”为主题的活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊“英语园地”写一篇英文稿件，记述你和同学参加此次活动的全过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于60‎ 提示词：微信朋友圈 WeChat Moments ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Last month, on a Monday class meeting, our Chinese teacher announced a significant activity themed “Reading and Acting out Classics”. Luckily, I was honored to be elected as the screenwriter and director of our group.‎ No sooner had I arrived at home than I threw myself into choosing book and a famous novel “A Dream of Red Mansions” popped into my head. I read the whole novel attentively and devoted myself to writing the play. Then our group contributed to practice.‎ Ultimately came the big time, we presented the performance in our classroom with brilliant acting skills and vivid lines, which was highly praised by our classmates.‎ Finally, we uploaded our video clip on WeChat Moments. Just several minutes later, we received many good comments. Through this activity, we had a profound understanding that reading classic novel can not only improve our literary competence but also enrich our spirit. How significant the experience is!‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本篇书面表达要求根据图文进行写作。‎ ‎【详解】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上个月开展了一次以“阅读名著，再现经典”为主题的活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊“英语园地”写一篇英文稿件，记述你和同学参加此次活动的全过程。人称使用第一人称，时态以过去时为主。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化。平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如非谓语动词Last month, on a Monday class meeting, our Chinese teacher announced a significant activity themed “Reading and Acting out Classics”.倒装句型No sooner had I arrived at home than I threw myself into choosing book and a famous novel “A Dream of Red Mansions” popped into my head.非限定性定语从句Ultimately came the big time, we presented the performance in our classroom with brilliant acting skills and vivid lines, which was highly praised by our ‎ classmates.全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎