【英语】2018届人教版必修2一轮复习：Unit4Wildlifeprotection单元学案设计（24页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修2一轮复习：Unit4Wildlifeprotection单元学案设计（24页）

‎2018届人教版必修2一轮复习：Unit4Wildlife protection单元学案设计 一 重点单词回顾 ‎1. __________ n. 敌人 2. ___________ v. 保护区 ‎ ‎3. __________ v. 打猎 4. ___________ adj. 野生的 ‎ ‎5. __________ n. 保护 6. ___________ n. 和平 ‎ ‎7. __________v. 申请, 应用  8. ___________ v. 建议,暗示 ‎ ‎9. __________ v. 摩擦 10. ___________ v. 包含 ‎ ‎11. _________ v. 影响 effect n. 影响 ‎ ‎12. _________ n. 注意 ‎ ‎1. enemy 2. reserve ‎ ‎3. hunt 4. wild ‎ ‎5. protection 6.peace ‎ ‎7. apply 8. suggest ‎ ‎9. rub 10.contain ‎ ‎11. affect 12. attention ‎ ‎●重点短语 ‎ ‎1.____________ 形成 2.___________ 结果 ,因此 ‎ ‎3.____________（动，植物物种）灭绝 4.___________ 处于危险中 5.____________ 穿上衣服 6.____________“想，愿意” 7.____________ 注意 8.____________ 保护使不受……伤害 ‎ ‎1. come into being 2. as a result ‎ ‎3. die out 4. in danger of ‎ ‎5. get dressed 6. would like 7. pay more attention to 8. protect … from / against ‎ 课后自主反思与测评 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 ‎ ‎1. He went through the forest under the p_______ of his dog. 2. The soldiers lined up for their daily i by their officers. ‎ ‎3. Ancient people h______ for food. 4. I invited her to dinner but she did not r_______.‎ ‎5. Orange juice c_________ vitamin c. 6. Geography _______ (影响)people’s ways of living.‎ ‎7. In today’s economy, you need to have specific skills to ____________(成功)。‎ ‎8. Thanks so much for your help. I really____________(感激)it. ‎ ‎9.He would never __________(伤害)anyone. 10.Tiger is a _______ (凶猛的)animal. 单词拼写答案：‎ protection/inspection /hunted/respond/contains/affects/succeed/appreciate/harm/fierce Ⅱ. 完成句子 ‎1. Do you know how did the world _______ ______ __________ ?(形成) 2. In winter, you should cover something to _________ the plants ______(保护…免受伤害) the cold. 3. He is _____ great ______.(处于危险中) 4. Every should ____ _______ ________ ____(更多关注)protecting the endangered animals. 5. _______ ____(根据…所说)Tom, an unknown object appeared in the sky this morning. 6. My family lives _______ ________(和睦地). 7. The wild population of kolas is in danger of ________ _______.(灭绝)‎ ‎8. She didn’t _______ _____(回答)my question. ‎ ‎9. The storm _____ a bad _______ _____(对…影响) the crops.‎ ‎10. The output of wheat ______ _____(减少了)12％because of the bad weather.‎ 完成句子答案 ‎⑴come into being ⑵ protect...from ⑶ in…danger ⑷ pay more attention to ‎ ‎⑸ According to ⑹in peace ⑺ dying out ⑻respond to ⑼ had…effect on ‎ ‎⑽decreased by ‎ Ⅲ. 同义句转换 ‎ 根据A句句义，用本单元所学的句型或短语完成B 句,使其句义相同或相近。‎ ‎1. A: We missed the train as a result of the heavy rain.‎ ‎ B: It rained heavily. ______ _______ ______, we missed the train.‎ ‎2. A: Do you know the girl who is singing in the next room?‎ ‎ B: Do you know the girl _________ in the next room?‎ ‎3. A: Protect our earth, or else it will be no longer fit for us to live on.‎ ‎ B: Protect our earth, or else it ________ be fit for us to live on ______ ________.‎ ‎4. A: She was seriously injured. As a result, she died.‎ B: She died _________ _________ ________ _______ her serious injuries..‎ ‎5. A: The People’s Republic of China came into being on October 1, 1949.‎ ‎ B: The People’s Republic of China _______ _______ on October 1, 1949.‎ 答案：1. As a result 2. singing 3. won’t, any longer 4. as a result of ‎ ‎5. was founded IV.句子翻译 ‎6. People’s lives in Iraq are always ________ ________ (危险), so they hope they could live ______ _______(平平安安).‎ ‎7. Our school ________ _______ _______ (建校) in 1957.‎ ‎8. He will be here ______ _______ (肯定) within an hour.‎ ‎9. May I use your computer? Mine _______ _______ ________ (在修理).‎ ‎10. ________ _______ _____ (由他带) the way, we had no trouble in finding the old man’s house.‎ 答案：‎ ‎6. in danger; in peace 7. came into being 8. for sure 9. is being repaired ‎ ‎10. With him leading Translate the phrases:（结合课文译出下面短语并背诵）‎ ‎1. as a result 结果 2. die out 灭亡；逐渐消失 ‎ ‎3. in…danger在危险中 4. have…effect on 对…有影响 ‎ ‎5. pay more attention to注意 6. come into being形成；产生 ‎ ‎7. protect … from / against保护…不受…的(危害）8. in peace和平地；安祥地 ‎9. tell from从…分辨、判断 10. belong to属于 ‎11.be concerned about关心,在乎 12. hurry to do sth. 匆忙去做… ‎ ‎13. dress sb. 给…穿衣服 14. rise升起来,上涨 ‎ be gone/ missing消失,不见 16. turn around转身 ‎ ‎17. take one’s picture给…照相 18. apply to sb. for sth. 向…申请… ‎ ‎19. apply to do sth. 申请去做某事 20. be/ get ready to do准备… ‎ ‎21. thick rain forests茂密的雨林 22. for sure 确切地,肯定地 ‎ ‎1. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time. 千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。 long before “早在......之前；很久以前” 此短语后面可以跟名词、代词或句子，也可以单独作状语。常用于过去时或过去完成时。 before long  相当于soon “不久或不久之后” 常与将来时或过去时连用。 I knew Betty long before you got married to her. 早在你和贝蒂结婚之前，我就认识她了。 He said that he had been to Shanghai long before. 他说他很久以前去过上海。 It looks as if it will snow before long. 看起来好像一会儿要下雪。 We will know it before long. 我们很快就会知道了。 come into being 形成；产生                come into effect 开始生效/执行/实施     come into power/office 就职；上台执政      come into use 开始被使用 come into existence 开始存在；形成；产生 We do not know when the world ______________.  A. came into power     B. came into being    C. came up       D. came across ‎2. Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air. 有些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一件意外事故之后，当时宇宙间一块巨石击中地球因而在空气中扬起太多的尘土。 易混辨析 incident   偶然发生的、通常不太重要的事件 affair     主要指“有关的事、事务、活动等”，也可指外交大事 event     指“每日里发生的事件、事或活动、比赛项目” A(n) _______ happened on my trip to the Great Wall. That is, my camera was left on the bus. A. accident    B. thing    C. affair    D. incident ‎3. According to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years. 根据联合国的一份报告，在过去的500年里，有844种动植物消失。 1）根据；按照 Everything went o ff according to the plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。 According to Mike, it’s  a great movie. 据迈克说，这是一部了不起的电影。 2）合乎；符合 It’s not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬。 注意： ‎ according to 其后可接名词、代词或what从句。用来引出来自他人或他处的消息，不能与me或my opinion连用。in my opinion表示自己的观点，意为“依我看”。 _________ the weather report, we shall have cold weather next week.  A. thanks to    B. in terms of     C. according to    D. because of ‎ ‎4. so that 以至于，结果；以便，为了 1）以至于，结果（用于引导结果状语从句）      Everyone lent a hand so that the work was finished ahead of time.      每个人都帮了忙，所以工作提前完成了。 2） 以便，为了（引导目的状语从句），从句中常含有情态动词may/might, can/could, should, would等；可与in order that 互换使用。 He got up very early so that he could catch the first bus.为了赶上第一班车，他起床很早。 Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______ they knew it to be valuable.  A. as if    B. now that    C. even though    D. so that B D C C 五、词汇串记 As we know, the number of some ________ (野生)plants and animals has already _________ (减少)and some animals have already ___________ (灭绝).  So it is high time for us to ________ more ___________________________ (注意保护野生动植物). But how can we prevent endangered animals from being ___________ (面临…危险)disappearing? Firstly, we should ________ (保护)them ______ being _______(免遭捕杀) . It is of _________ (重要)to educate people to regard animals as our friends. Those who want to get large _______ (暴利)from hunting animals for their ______ (毛皮)should be punished. Secondly , some nature _____ (保护区)and ________ (保护带)should be set _________(为的是) animals can live ___________(平静地). It is also necessary to _______ (雇佣)some people to look after them.  Only in this way will animals not be ______ (伤害) more often. Thirdly, the habit of eating the meat of some _________ (濒危) animals should be got rid of . ________________ (根据)some reports, some restaurants are still serving such dishes now. The government should make more _________(强有力的) laws to stop this _________(事件) happening again. If so, the days when all endangered animals are ____________________ (任…摆布) of human beings will be gone. If everyone has the sense of protecting wildlife, it is ____________ (必然的)that an atmosphere of wildlife protection will _____________ (形成). Thus a happy __________(结局) for both human beings and wildlife will appear.‎ wild; decreased; died out; pay attention to protecting wildlife; in danger of; protect from; hunted; importance; income; fur; reserve; zone; so that; in peace; employ; harmed; endangered; According to; powerful; incident; at the mercy of; certain; come into being; ending 重点句式回顾 请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。‎ ‎1. Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater. (P26)‎ ‎【分析】‎ ‎①本句是一个主从复合句。‎ ‎②主句是Please take me to a distant land，where引导________从句。‎ ‎③在where引导的从句中包含一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词animal。‎ ‎【句意】 请带我到遥远的地方，在那里我可以发现为制作这件毛衣而提供毛绒的那种动物。‎ ‎【仿写】 汤姆昨天带我去了一家书店，在那里我买了一本描写中国文化的书。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. (P26) ‎ ‎【分析】‎ ‎①本句是一个主从复合句。‎ ‎②and连接两个并列的谓语pay和________；where I live是定语从句，修饰________；how the animals live together是宾语从句，作appreciate的宾语。‎ ‎【句意】 你们应该多关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。‎ ‎【仿写】 警察搜查了他住的地方，知道了他是如何逃脱的。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________‎ 答案 ‎1. 【分析】 定语 ‎【仿写】 Yesterday Tom took me to a bookstore where I bought a book that / which describes Chinese culture.‎ ‎2. 【分析】 appreciate; rainforest ‎【仿写】 The police searched the place where he lived and knew how he escaped.‎ Translate the sentences（先在课文中找出下面句子并译成汉语/背诵）‎ ‎1. Please take me to a distant land ____I can find the animal ____gave fur to make this sweater.‎ ‎【分析】where, that 引导定语从句，分别修饰land 和animal。‎ 请带我去那个我可以找到供给皮毛去制造这件毛衣的动物的一个遥远的地方。‎ ‎2. I wonder ______ is being done to help you.‎ ‎【分析】该句是what引导的宾语从句，做wonder的宾语；is being done是进行时态的被动语态。(在文中找出有此用法的其他句子)‎ 我想知道什么可以被做来帮助你们。‎ ‎3. They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers.‎ 他们允许游客给钱农民然后可以去猎杀确定数量的动物。‎ ‎4. It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help ____ the WWF suggests.‎ 它展示了野生动物保护的重要性，不过我喜欢去帮助像WWF这样的建议。‎ ‎5. You should pay more attention to the rain forest ______I live and appreciate _____the animals live together.‎ ‎【分析】where 引导定语从句，修饰rain forest；how 引导的宾语从句做appreciate 的宾语。‎ 你应该更加注意那些我居住的热带雨林并好好鉴赏动物们如何居住在一齐。‎ ‎ 词汇探究 ‎ ‎1. decrease v. 降低，减少，(使)变小，(使)变少 n.减少，降低 on the decrease 在减少中 decrease to 减少到 decrease by 减少了 decreasing adj. 减少中的，在递减的 ‎【链接】反义词 increase ‎ increase to…增加到… increase by…增加了…‎ ‎2. loss n. 损失；遗失；丧失；败北 lose vt. 丢失，损失 lost丢失的 He suffered a loss of 10,000 dollars on the business. ‎ 那笔生意中，他损失了10 000美元。‎ Our team has already had 3 losses.我们队已经败了三场了。‎ at a loss adj. 困惑，不知所措，adv. 亏本地 例句：‎ She was at a loss for an answer. 她不知如何回答才好。‎ that’s your/their loss 口语 那是你们的/他们的损失 Well, if he doesn’t want to come it’s his loss. ‎ 好吧，如果他不愿意来，那是他的损失。‎ respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应 ‎① The disease responds to the drug.该病对这种药显出良好的反应。‎ ‎② He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.他对我的建议报以大笑。‎ 辨析：respond指对他人的期望等在行动上做出的反应 ‎ answer 指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最普通用词 ‎ reply指对他人的问题、要求所作的相应的答复 即景活用：‎ ‎—It is strange that Dave didn't respond ________ any of my emails.‎ ‎—Something must have happened to him.‎ A．on B．with C．for D．to 解析：答案：D respond to...回复；对……作出反应。‎ ‎4. mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 show mercy to sb/have mercy on sb 对某人怜悯、仁慈 at the mercy of 任…处置；无能为力 without mercy 毫不留情地，残忍地 例句：They showed mercy to their enemies. 他们对敌人很仁慈。‎ ‎ The ship was at the mercy of the storm. 那只船在暴风雨中失去控制。‎ 高手过招 ‎①He went down on his knees and_____________. 他跪下来，乞求宽恕。‎ ‎②They _____________ the poor father and daughter. 他们不怜悯这对可怜的父女。have no mercy on ‎③I shouldn't like to be ____________ such a cruel man. 我不想任由这个残忍的家伙摆布。‎ ‎④ _________________ she wasn't seriously hurt. 幸运的是她伤势不重。‎ 答案：begged for mercy、have no mercy on、at the mercy of、It is a mercy that ‎5. certain adj. 确定的；某一；一定 ‎ for certain确定的，确实的 make certain弄清楚，弄确实 ‎ be certain to do 一定会做某事 be certain of确信…‎ 同意辨析：certain和sure certain的主语既可以是人，也可以是物，而sure的主语通常为指人的词。‎ 即景活用 ‎(1) There is ________ at the door who wants to speak to you.‎ A．some men B．a some man C．certain men D．a certain man 解析：答案D。由there be句型中的is可知空中应用单数名词；而some与单数名词连用时，不用a。some man＝a certain man“某个人”。‎ ‎(2 ) It is ________ that the Chinese ping－pong team will win the prize.‎ A．sure B．necessary C．regular D．certain 解析：答案D。It is certain that...确信……。句意为：看来中国乒乓球队有得奖的把握。‎ ‎6. contain vt. 包含；容纳 辨析：contain表示某物容纳比其小的物品，强调内容或内含物/成分。‎ ‎ include指包括作为整体的一个部分或要素。‎ 高手过招：‎ ‎①The Chinese diet _______ a lot of fruit and green vegetables.‎ ‎ 中国的饮食包括很多水果和绿色蔬菜。‎ ‎②I couldn't _______ myself at the sight of him. 一见到他我就控制不住自己。‎ ‎③The hall can ___________ 3,000 people. 这个大厅可以容纳3000人。‎ ‎④There are 40 students in this class, _________ one from America. ‎ ‎ 这个班有40个学生，包括一个美国学生。 ‎ contains, contain, contain/hold/seat/admit, including ‎7. appreciate vt. 鉴赏；感激；意识到 ‎1) 感激；感谢 e.g. I appreciate your help. 我感谢你的帮助。‎ ‎2) 鉴赏；欣赏；赏识 e.g. Do you appreciate good wine? 你会鉴赏好酒吗？‎ ‎3) 察觉；意识到 e.g. We appreciate the danger ahead. 我们意识到危险临头。‎ 高手过招：‎ He __________ your talents. 他欣赏你的才能。‎ I greatly ____________ your help. 我非常感激你的帮助。‎ I __________ your making the effort to come. 非常感激你能来。‎ I’ll __________ it if you help me with my English.‎ 如果你能帮我学英语，我将不胜感激。‎ appreciates, appreciate, appreciated, appreciate ‎8. succeed vi. 成功vt. 接替；继任 success n. (u)成功；（c)成功的人或事 ‎ adj. successful succeed in (doing)sth.成功地做了某事 succeed sb.as…接替某人当……‎ 即景活用：‎ The English have every reason to believe that ________2012 London Olympic Games will be ________ success.‎ A．不填；a B．the；不填 C．the；a D．a；a 解析：句意：英国人有理由相信2012年伦敦奥运会将会取得成功。在由普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词the。success表“成功”的概念时为不可数名词，但作“成功的人”或“成功的事”讲时为可数名词，前面须加不定冠词“a”表泛指，故选C。‎ ‎9. harm vt. n. 损害；危害 adj. harmful Noise can harm our health. 噪音有损你的健康。‎ Reading in the sun does/causes harm to your eyes.在阳光下阅读对你的眼睛有坏处。‎ ‎=Reading in the sun does/causes your eyes harm.‎ ‎=Reading in the sun is harmful to your eyes.‎ ‎【链接】：do sb. good=do good to sb.对某人有好处 ‎ do sb. wrong=do wrong to sb.冤枉某人 Step II. 短语储存 ‎1.die out 灭绝；逐渐消亡/熄灭 ‎【链接】：die of 因…而死(内因) die from因…而死；死于(外因)‎ 辨析：die out （家族、物种等）死亡、灭绝 ‎ die away (声音、光线、风等)逐渐平息、渐弱 ‎ die off (家族、种族等)相继灭亡；(草木)先后枯死 ‎ die down(火、兴奋程度)渐弱、渐息 It took a long time for the excitement to________.‎ A．die out B．die off C．die down D．die away 解析：答案C。从句子所提供的语境以及四个短语动词的用法来分析，此处用die down，表示“兴奋的心情渐渐平静下来”。‎ ‎2.in danger(of)在危险中；垂危 辨析：in danger指主语处于危险状态中，意为“在危险中”‎ ‎ Dangerous指主语对别人有危害，意为“危险的”。‎ The little girl was ______ losing her life，but she is now________.‎ A．in the danger of；out of danger B．in danger of；out of the danger C．in the danger of；out of the danger D．in danger of；out of danger 解析：答案D。in danger (of)表示“处境危险，有……的危险”；out of danger意为“脱离危险”。注意在这两个介词短语中，danger前习惯上不用冠词。‎ ‎3. protect…from…保护…不受…(危害)‎ It’s important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.‎ 保护你的皮肤免受阳光的伤害是很重要的。‎ ‎【链接】：keep…from doing sth.‎ ‎ stop…(from )doing sth.阻止…做某事 ‎ prevent…(from)doing.‎ ‎4. pay attention to注意 提醒：to在这儿是介词。‎ 搭配：pay much attention to 非常注意 ‎ ‎ pay more attention to 更多关注 ‎ pay little/no attention to 很少/不注意 ‎（1）Please pay attention to this clause in the sentence.请注意看句中的这个从句。‎ ‎（2）Please pay attention to the difference between the two words.请注意这两个词之间的区别。‎ ‎（3）You must pay attention to your teacher in the class. 上课的时候必须专心听老师讲课。‎ ‎【链接】：draw/attract/catch/get one’s attention to…吸引某人对…的注意 ‎ fix/focus one’s attention on…将注意力集中于、专心于 ‎ devote one’s attention to…专心致志于 ‎ turn one’s attention to…将某人的注意力转向…‎ ‎5. “with＋复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。‎ 此结构中常见的宾语补足语形式有：‎ V-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、名词 高手过招 The driver went to the town for help，with the passengers________(wait)in the bus.‎ 答案：waiting With the luggage________(lay)on the platform，he fell asleep on the bench aside.‎ 答案：laid ‎6. in relief 如释重负 relief from sth. 减轻……‎ e.g. The drug gives some relief from pain. 这种药可以减轻一些痛苦。‎ ‎7. burst into laughter 突然笑起来 ‎ 习惯用语 ‎ burst in闯入; 突然出现; 突然发作 burst out大呼; 惊叫; 冲出; 突然发作 burst into 突然 e.g. The aircraft crashed and burst into flames. 飞机突然坠地起火。‎ ‎● 巩固训练 一. 翻译下面单词和短语 ‎1. 结果___________________ 2. 自豪_________________________‎ ‎3. 穿衣___________________ 4. 习惯于_______________________‎ ‎5. 关心___________________ 6. 尽管 ________________________‎ ‎7. 推迟___________________ 8. 申请_________________________‎ ‎9. 在开发中_______________ 10. 关注________________________‎ ‎11. 对…起作用_______ 12. 灭绝 _______________________‎ ‎13. 产生__________________ 14. 保护…免受__________________‎ ‎15. 保护区________________ 16. 平静地 _____________________‎ ‎17. 强大的________________ 18. 容器________________________‎ 二. 用以上单词和短语填空 ‎1. The tour companies _____________ to be allowed to hunt for a fee, which made a lot of money for the farmers.‎ ‎2. The drug has an immediate _______________________ on the patient.‎ ‎3. People held completely different views, and___________________, the discussion came to nothing.‎ ‎4. They did not want to protect us ________________ tourists love to see us。‎ ‎5. He’s ___________________ his father being a famous scientist.‎ ‎6. National natural _______________________ should not be opened to tourists. Do you agree?‎ ‎7. Daisy hurried to _______________________ and put on her jeans and sweater.‎ ‎8. I believe that you __________________________ animals and plants disappearing.‎ 三. 完成句子 ‎1. 尽管我有些观点跟他不同，我喜欢与他一起干活。‎ I enjoy working with him,__________________________________________.‎ ‎2. 你知道恐龙为什么在大约65万年前突然灭绝了？‎ Do you know ________________________________________about 65 million years ago?‎ ‎3. 你还知道那些其他濒临灭绝的物种吗？‎ What other ___________________________________________ do you know?‎ ‎4. 我们能做些什么来保护麋鹿，使他们不会再次消失？‎ What can we do _______________________________________ disappearing again?‎ ‎5. 人们相信，总有一天会有足够多的动物再次在野外生活。‎ It __________________________ one day there will be enough animals living in the wild again.‎ ‎6. 从现在起，我将更加关注野生动植物的保护。‎ I will ______________________________ wildlife protection _______________.‎ ‎7. 我午饭更喜欢吃蛋糕，不喜欢吃面条。‎ I ____________________ some cakes for my lunch _________________ noodles.‎ 答案：‎ 一. 翻译下面单词和短语 ‎1. as a result 2. be proud of 3. get dressed 4. get used to ‎ ‎5. be concerned about 6. even though 7. delay 8. apply ‎ ‎9. under development 10. pay attention to ‎11. have effect on 12. dye out 13. come into being 14. protect from ‎ ‎15. protection zone 16. in peace 17. powerful 18. container 二. 用以上单词和短语填空 ‎1. applied 2. effect 3.as a result 4. even though 5. proud of ‎ ‎6. protection zones 7. get dressed 8. are concerned about 三. 完成句子 ‎1. even though I don’t agree with him on some points.‎ ‎2.why dinosaurs died out suddenly ‎3. endangered species ‎4. to protect the Milu Dear from ‎5. is hoped that ‎6. pay more attention to from now on.‎ ‎7. would prefer rather than ‎6. But what an experience! 多棒的经历呀。‎ 现在进行时的被动语态 ‎【语境展示】 观察下面句子，并试着归纳现在进行时的被动语态的结构和用法。‎ ‎1. —Jane, come to the kitchen and help me to wash the vegetables.‎ ‎—Please wait a minute. I'm being told about the holiday plans. ‎ ‎2. The man is being questioned by the police now.‎ ‎3. Measures are being taken to protect those endangered animals.‎ ‎4. I'm not being treated fairly nowadays.‎ ‎5. Your car is not being repaired.‎ ‎6. The workers are not being trained these days.‎ ‎7. Am I being taken for a ride?‎ ‎8. Is the new library being built now?‎ ‎9. Are your rooms being painted?‎ ‎【自我归纳】 通过观察，我们可以看出：‎ ‎★现在进行时的被动语态的结构 肯定式：am / is / are + ________ +过去分词（句1-句3）；‎ 否定式：am / is / are + not + being +过去分词（句4-句6）；‎ 一般疑问式：Am / Is / Are +主语+ being +动词的过去分词（句7-句9）。‎ ‎★现在进行时的被动语态的用法 ‎       现在进行时的被动语态强调主语是动作的承受者，表示说话时正在进行着的被动动作（句1、句2、句5、句8、句9）、现阶段正在进行着的被动动作（句3、句4、句6）或将要发生的动作（句7）。‎ ‎【拓展】 现在进行时的被动语态与always, constantly等词连用时，表示经常性的被动动作，此时往往带有赞赏、厌恶等感情色彩。如：‎ Recently my daughter is always being praised by the teachers.‎ To the teacher's anger, the same mistakes are always being made by his students.‎ ‎【即学即练】‎ I. 将下面句子中的主动语态变为被动语态。 ‎ ‎1. Some scientists are studying human cloning.   ‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. His behavior is always troubling me. ‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. They aren't collecting money for the project these days.  ‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________‎ II. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. Mike will have to go to work by bus as his car ________ (repair) now.‎ ‎2. A new stadium ________ (decorate) here these days. They hope to finish it next month. ‎ ‎3. —What's that noise?‎ ‎—Oh, let me see. The new machine ________ (test).‎ ‎4. The new library ________ (complete) already and is ready for use.   ‎ ‎5. We are living with my parents at the moment because our house ________ (rebuild).‎ III. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。‎ Cellphones or mobile phones, make it possible for us to talk to anyone from anywhere. Words and pictures 1. ________ (send) throughout the world at the moment. Modern cellphones are more than just phones — they 2. ________ (use) as cameras and radios, and to send e-mails or surf the Internet. New functions (功能) 3. ________ (add) to the phones in the past few years. Now cellphones have features such as games, music and an electronic calendar that can 4. ________ (use) to remind you of appointments and important dates. ‎ Cellphones have changed our behavior and how we communicate. They 5. ________ (use) everywhere — sometimes where they shouldn't. One headmaster says that no phones 6. ________ (allow) in his school's classrooms. “If a phone starts ringing in the classroom, teachers and students 7. ________ (disturb) and can not work.” The students obey the rules and agree not to use their phones in the classroom.‎ 答案 ‎【自我归纳】 being ‎【即学即练】‎ I. 1. Human cloning is being studied by some scientists.  ‎ ‎2. I'm always being troubled by his behavior.‎ ‎3. Money for the project isn't being collected these days. ‎ II. 1. is being repaired   2. is being decorated   3. is being tested       ‎ ‎4. has been completed   5. is being rebuilt III. 1. are being sent      2. are being used    3. have been added  4. be used    ‎ ‎5. are being used     6. are allowed   7. are disturbed 单元知识综合运用 第二部分： 阅读理解 （共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。‎ A At the age of 95, Olga Kotelko attracted great attention at the World Masters Athletics Championships. This 5ft-tall Canadian became the oldest recorded woman indoor runner, high jumper and long jumper at the competition.‎ Olga now has more than 30 world records to her name and has won more than 750 gold medals. But she sees herself as nothing special, describing herself as just a plain Jane. As one of 11 children brought up on a farm, she has always been active, milking cows and doing other housework. ‎ She has now outlived all her brothers and sisters and most of her friends but when asked what her secret is, she says there isn’t one. “I think your age is just a number. It’s not your birthday; it’s how you age that makes the difference. It’s your attitude to all the things that happen in your life that plays the biggest part.”‎ So can we all turn ourselves into nonagenarian (九十多岁的) superheroes? Research from Newcastle University suggests that as every 24 hours pass, we add an extra five hours to our lives — that’s over 2 months each year — partly because of improving living conditions and medical development. And in the UK the number of people who are living into their 100th year has nearly increased by four times since the 1980s. So ageing is not a terrible thing. ‎ While Olga’s genes (基因) might help her, we’re not all prisoners to our own. After all, 75% of our later lives could be down to the lifestyle we choose to lead. A good diet (饮食) and regular exercise are key. Besides, developing friendships in mid-life also works. Dr Holland, director of Aston University’s research centre for healthy ageing, says: “The more friends you have when you’re 50-60 years old, the less likely you’re to be lonely in later life; the less lonely you are, the less likely you’re to be ill as the years go by.” ‎ ‎21. Olga Kotelko was well-known at the World Masters Athletics Championships because _____.‎ A. she was the oldest sportswoman there ‎ B. she competed in several events C. she set a new world record ‎ D. she won a gold there ‎22. What did Olga Kotelko mean by describing herself as a plain Jane?‎ A. She was hard-working.     ‎ B. She was once named Jane.‎ C. She was very active.        ‎ D. She was very common.‎ ‎23. Olga Kotelko’s words suggest that _____.‎ A. we shouldn’t count our age up like numbers ‎ B. we shouldn’t celebrate our birthday as we get old C. we should try to have a positive attitude towards life ‎ D. we should learn to change according to what happens ‎24. We can learn from the last paragraph that _____.‎ A. how long we live doesn’t completely depend on genes B. Olga Kotelko succeeded because of her good genes C. it’s hard for the middle-aged to make friends D. it’s unavoidable for people to get old B George Watford works at the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) in New York City. He gets some unusual phone calls. One day, he got a call about a mountain lion living in a small building. “We didn’t believe it,” Watford said. “But when we went out there, sure enough, there was a mountain lion sitting at the front window looking out at us.” The big cat’s owner knew that his neighbors were unhappy about the animal. He didn’t try to stop us taking it away.‎ ‎       In one year, the ASPCA took in 9,459 different animals, not counting cats and dogs. That number includes a lot of rabbits and monkeys, but the ASPCA has also taken many other exotic (外来的) pets from people’s homes. These animals can’t be set free into the wild because they wouldn’t survive. The ASPCA tries to find homes for them in zoos or special areas for animals.‎ ‎       It’s against the law to sell wild animals in New York City. Many buildings don’t even allow dogs and cats, not to mention more exotic animals. Still, the ASPCA takes away most of the exotic animals not because of complaints (怨言), but because the pet’s owner needs help. A lovely baby lion or bear will finally grow up to be dangerous. “When they bite (咬人), it isn’t because they hate you. It’s because they’re wild animals,” said exotic animal expert Kathi Travers.‎ ‎       Travers is quick to give speeches against raising wild animals as pets. Too often people think that caring for a wild animal is the same as caring for a dog or a cat. “To love an animal is not ‎ enough,” Travers said. “There has to be respect (尊重), and respect is not taking an animal, sticking it in a little cage, and expecting the animal to be happy.”‎ ‎25. The call was made _____.‎ A. to report a missing lion ‎ B. to report a neighbor for keeping a lion ‎ C. when the owner was away D. when the lion broke out of the window ‎26. When it finds an exotic animal in the city, the ASPCA _____.‎ A. keeps it until it grows up B. sets it free into the wild C. helps find it a home D. sells it to a zoo ‎27. The last paragraph is written to show that _____.‎ A. it takes effort to care for a wild animal ‎ B. keeping wild animals as pets is unwise C. wild animals are happy in big spaces D. wild animals can be dangerous C Best of News Design The competition invites entries from all magazines and newspapers — daily or non-daily — published (出版) anywhere in the world.‎ How to Enter Best of News Design™ Creative Competition is held each year. The Call for Entries is published in print and online in November of the competition year. ‎ Printed copies of the Call for Entries are mailed in November to anyone who needs a copy. Or, get a PDF copy of the Call for Entries in English here. ‎ Later this month Society of News Design (SND) will post copies of the Call for Entries in French, German, and Russian as well.‎ Each entry requires a small entry fee, paid in U.S. dollars.‎ Entry Deadlines (截止日期)‎ Entries from publications in the United States must be received at Syracuse (N.Y.) University no later than Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2014. ‎ Entries from publications outside the United States must be received at Syracuse (N.Y.) University no later than Wednesday, Jan. 22, 2014.‎ SND will inform winners by e-mail or U.S. mail beginning Saturday, March 1, 2014. Also, SND will list the names of winners on this website in early mid-March. ‎ Don’t forget to check out our web coverage of the judging beginning Saturday, Feb. 8, 2014. Be the first to know what’s happening in Syracuse!‎ Winners Newspapers that win Award of Excellence, Silver Medal, Gold Medal, Judges’ Special Recognition or Best in Show honors receive recognition in several ways:‎ ‎• Each winner receives a certificate (证书).‎ ‎• A picture of the winning newspaper and the names of winners are published in the book, “The Best of News Design™.”‎ ‎• One picture of the winning entry, along with the names of winners and other information, are published on www.snd.org.‎ ‎• SND publishes a piece of news showing the results of each year’s competition.‎ ‎28. What do we know about the competition?‎ A. It is designed for the U.S. print industry.‎ B. It has language requirements.‎ C. It is a yearly event.‎ D. It costs too much.‎ ‎29. If The New York Times wants to join in the competition, what’s the closing date for entries?‎ A. March 1, 2014.             B. Feb. 8, 2014.  ‎ C. Jan. 22, 2014.               D. Jan. 15, 2014.‎ ‎30. The winners of the competition will _____.‎ A. show their certificates online ‎ B. have their names recorded in a book ‎ C. get an advertisement page in a newspaper D. make a public appearance at a news conference D Anyone who’s held a rolled-up newspaper to fight with a housefly knows just how difficult it can be to catch the fly. Flies always seem to know where you’re coming from — and how to get away.‎ ‎“Flies are very good at what they do,” says Michael Dickinson, a professor of biology at the University of Washington. To study the insects in action, Dickinson used a machine to run flies to a tube, where a plate was ready to catch the flies from different directions — front, side, and back — while a high-speed camera filmed the insects’ reactions (反应) to the unpleasant hit.‎ After running hundreds of flies through his machine, Dickinson discovered something interesting. Within 300 milliseconds of a possible hit, the flies were well prepared. If the hit was right in front of its head, the fly would shift (挪动) its middle pair of legs forward — moving it backward and away from danger. When the hit came from the back, the fly would shift its middle legs backward to jump forward. Flies may eat dog droppings, but these insects are also beautiful dancers.‎ Dickinson’s interest in housefly hitting goes beyond keeping his office fly-free. His research is helping others build smart micro-robots that can copy the flies’ flight patterns (模式). The military (军队), too, is interested in Dickinson’s work. It hopes to use findings like his to build planes with better reaction times, which could keep soldiers out of harm’s way.‎ As for Dickinson, it should be noted that he doesn’t hate flies. In fact, he goes out of his way to avoid killing them: “I get a little angry when someone brushes a fly away, since I’m usually looking at it, watching it clean itself and move its little head.”‎ ‎31. What did Michael Dickinson find about flies?‎ A. They react very quickly.‎ B. They have powerful legs.‎ C. They are good at dancing.‎ D. They have a sense of direction.‎ ‎32. Michael Dickinson came to his conclusions _____.‎ A. by example                   B. by experiment     ‎ C. by comparison              D. by explanation ‎33. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that _____.‎ A. flies may be used in other fields in the future    ‎ B. flies provide inspiration for humans ‎ C. flies remain a danger to planes ‎ D. flies help robots improve ‎34. What does Michael Dickinson think of flies?‎ A. Dirty.                       B. Beautiful.     ‎ C. Unpleasant.            D. Interesting.‎ ‎35. What’s the best title for the text?‎ A. A strange insect      ‎ B. A day in the life of a fly   ‎ C. To catch a fly     ‎ D. To avoid a fly 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ ‎       根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ How to make a friend Smile! ‎ It’s the easiest way to let someone know that you’re nice!  36  You may notice at first that it feels strange to smile a lot, but over time, you’ll find that one smile can really make a difference in your life.‎ Be fun!‎ ‎ 37  Think about the people you most enjoy being with — usually they are always on the up and up. Being fun makes people happy and brightens the way they think of you. It makes you seem like you truly love life and you can deal with any problems that you have to face. ‎ Listen!‎ Good conversations are important when you want to make a new friend, and sometimes you just have to be quiet and listen. When you do get chatting, pay attention to what they’re saying.  38  Phew! It’s hard work making new friends, but it’s worth it!‎ ‎ 39 ‎ Ask people who take classes with you questions about what they study today.  40  Other great conversation starters are upcoming events and holidays, sports, food, music, etc. If they’re listening to their iPods, ask what their favourite music is. It’s the best way to get a conversation started because it needs an answer and they have to answer you! ‎ A. Change!‎ B. Ask a question!‎ C. Classwork is a great icebreaker.‎ D. Say “hello” and see what happens.‎ E. And don’t just talk about yourself all the time.‎ F. Even the shyest person can manage a little smile.‎ G. We all prefer spending time with people who make us feel happy.‎ 第三部分： 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ People give gifts in almost all societies. Gifts  41  festivals and other important occasions (事件或庆典). Some gifts are expensive, or they may take months to create. Others are of less  42 , such as birthday cards. ‎ Gift giving is often a process of exchange (交换过程).  43  you receive a birthday gift from someone, that person usually  44  a birthday gift from you  45 . In some cultures, there are certain rules about gift exchange. In Pakistan, for example, there is a tradition called “taking giving.” It  46  this way: You give the newly-married couple a gift, and they “repay” you with a gift of higher value. Then you give the couple  47  gift. This one should be worth the difference between the first two gifts. The gift exchange continues,  48  the same way.‎ In many ancient cultures, people made  49  to their leaders to show their loyalty (忠诚). The Nubians in ancient Egypt are a good  50 . They brought gold to the Egyptian kings. Traditions like these  51  today in some parts of the world. In parts of Africa, for example, farmers may give gifts to the local leaders to  52  them for protection.‎ Today presidents  53  bring gifts when they  54  a foreign leader. Leaders bring gifts to strengthen relationships between  55 , not to emphasize (强调) the power of the gift receiver.‎ Gifts can  56  send special messages. For example, gifts can tell people that we are thinking of them and that we want them to feel  57 . Sometimes a gift makes us remember the giver. The gift keeps the  58  of a special person and a special relationship alive.‎ There is no doubt about the good side of gift giving. That is why some people don’t  59  the idea that modern gift giving is very wasteful. It is  60  that there is an emotional benefit (情感好处) for people who exchange gifts. That is surely enough of a reason for the tradition to continue.‎ ‎41. A. mark                  B. keep      C. build                        D. influence ‎42. A. power                 B. help      C. fun                          D. value     ‎ ‎43. A. Since               B. Before   C. Although                D. If  ‎ ‎44. A. receives           B. expects  C. shows off               D. pays back ‎45. A. at once               B. by turns C. in return                 D. on purpose ‎46. A. works               B. writes   C. agrees                     D. ends ‎ ‎47. A. no                    B. any       C. another                   D. every ‎48. A. planning              B. providing    C. following                D. welcoming ‎ ‎49. A. excuses             B. offerings    C. explanations            D. trips ‎50. A. group               B. people  C. warning                   D. example ‎51. A. continue              B. change              C. start                        D. improve ‎52. A. use                   B. praise    C. thank                       D. please ‎53. A. sometimes           B. usually       C. seldom                     D. hardly ‎54. A. discover             B. like       C. trust                        D. visit ‎55. A. countries             B. cities          C. villages                    D. families  ‎ ‎56. A. just                   B. never    C. also                         D. later    ‎ ‎57. A. lucky                B. special C. safe                         D. strong   ‎ ‎58. A. wealth                B. happiness   C. memory                   D. growth     ‎ ‎59. A. turn down           B. give up       C. think over               D. agree with  ‎ ‎60. A. clear                   B. strange              C. popular                    D. serious  ‎ 第三部分： 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Jim: Good morning, Mr. Tiger. My name is Jim and I’m 61. ________ reporter from China Daily. Uh, I am a little nervous. This is the first time I have spoken to a tiger. May I ask you some questions?‎ Mr. Tiger: Sure. Take it easy. I won’t attack you though I’m 62. ________ (power).‎ Jim: Um, good ... Now, would you like to tell me how long you have been living in the zoo?‎ Mr. Tiger: Yeah, I came here, let me see, six years ago. I used to 63. ________ (live) in a forest, but people there cut down all the trees and I had to move. There were cities and people everywhere, so I had no place 64. ________ (go). The police came and took me to the zoo.‎ Jim: Do you like living in the zoo?‎ Mr. Tiger: Well, it’s not 65. ________ good as being free. That’s for sure. But at least I have food and friends.‎ Jim: I see. If you could say something to all the humans in the world, what would you tell them?‎ Mr. Tiger: I would tell them to live 66. ________ peace with each other. And don’t kill animals to make clothes any more — when I see people 67. ________ (wear) animal furs at the zoo I get really angry. A law should be made to provide 68. ________ (protect) for us.‎ Jim: In fact, a lot 69. ________ (do) to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered nowadays.‎ Mr. Tiger: I’m glad to hear that. I’d appreciate 70. ________ if you could spread the news at once.‎ Jim: I will, Mr. Tiger.‎ 第四部分： 写作 （共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎       假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎       增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎       删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ ‎       修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ ‎       注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Yesterday my classmate and I went to Nanjiao Park. We got to there at 8:00 am. There were such many tall green trees as well colorful flowers that we enjoyed ourselves very much. However, a lot of rubbish, such as the skins of fruit, plastic bottles and bags, were on the ground. One of my classmates suggested us do something for a park. So we picked up all the pieces of waste one in one. Finally the park becomes clean again. I think it was a tired but meaningful day.‎ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分）‎ 假设你是李华，你的家乡因旅游景点过度开发，环境受到严重破坏，森林里的野生动物失去了家园。请你给某英语报社的编辑写一封信，呼吁政府采取措施保护动物的栖息地。‎ 注意: 1. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear editor, ‎ I am writing to tell you about what is happening in my hometown.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Do you agree with me?‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 参考答案 ‎21-25 ADCAB           26-30 CBCDB ‎31-35 ABBDC           36-40 FGEBC           41-45 ADDBC ‎46-50 ACCBD          51-55 ACBDA           56-60 CBCDA ‎61. a            62. powerful         63. live         64. to go ‎65. as / so            66. in    67. wearing         68. protection ‎69. is being done         70. it 短文改错：‎ ‎71. ... my classmate and ...        classmate → classmates ‎72. ... got to there ...                  去掉to ‎73. ... were such many ...         such → so ‎74. ... as well colorful ...             well后加as ‎75. ... were on the ground.        were → was ‎76. ... suggested us do ...           us → we ‎77. ... for a park.                          a → the ‎78. ... one in one.                          in → by ‎79. ... becomes clean again.        becomes → became ‎80. ... a tired but ...                        tired → tiring One possible version:‎ Dear editor,‎ I am writing to tell you about what is happening in my hometown.‎ In recent years, more and more scenic spots have been developed. As a result, the environment there has been destroyed and some wild animals are losing their habitats.‎ In my opinion, to develop tourism is as equally important as to protect the wild animals. As we know, animals play an important part in keeping the balance of nature. ‎ I think the government should take action to protect natural habitats where animals are living. Saving animals means saving the earth.‎ Do you agree with me?‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua