2019年度高考英语人教版必修三课堂要点精析讲义：Unit3SectionⅢGrammar—宾语从句和表语从句

2019年度高考英语人教版必修三课堂要点精析讲义：Unit3SectionⅢGrammar—宾语从句和表语从句

Section_ⅢGrammar— 宾语从句和表语从句 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.‎ ‎②It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.‎ ‎③I wonder, Mr.Adams, if you'd mind us asking a few questions. ‎ ‎④I didn't know whether I could survive until morning.‎ ‎⑤That's why we've given you the letter.‎ ‎⑥It looks as if it is going to rain.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)以上6个句子中的黑体部分都是主句中的从句，这些从句在词性上相当于一个名词，故被称作名词性从句。‎ ‎(2)①②③④中的黑体部分属于宾语从句。‎ ‎(3)⑤⑥中的黑体部分属于表语从句。‎ 一、名词性从句 ‎1．概念：在主从复合句中，相当于名词的从句被称为名词性从句。‎ ‎2．分类：名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。‎ ‎3．连接词 项目 连接词 意义 在句中的功能 从属连词 that 无意义 不充当成分 whether/if 是否 不充当成分 连接代词 who(ever)‎ ‎(无论)谁 主、宾、表 whose 谁的 定 what(ever)‎ ‎(无论)什么 主、宾、表、定 which(ever)‎ ‎(无论)哪个 主、宾、定 续连接副词 when(ever)‎ ‎(无论)何时 时间状语 where(ver)‎ ‎(无论)何地 地点状语 how(ever)‎ ‎(无论)怎么 方式状语 why 为什么 原因状语 ‎4．注意事项 ‎(1)名词性从句要用陈述语序；‎ ‎(2)主从句的时态要基本呼应，有时需用虚拟语气；‎ ‎(3)注意某些连接词的特殊用法(见后)。‎ ‎[即时演练1]　用适当的连接词填空 ‎①I am proud of what I did. But I was just helping to do what he should do.‎ ‎②I don't know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.‎ ‎③Could you tell me how I could apply for the scholarship?‎ ‎④Do you know who won the game?‎ ‎⑤You may depend on it that I shall keep my word.‎ ‎⑥China is no longer what she used to be.‎ 二、宾语从句 ‎1．概念：在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句，叫作宾语从句。它可以充当句中谓语动词、介词或形容词的宾语，有时也作非谓语动词的宾语。‎ ‎2．连接词的用法 ‎(1)that引导的宾语从句 I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake. ‎ 恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。‎ He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that you were asked not to care about it.‎ 他说你太年轻，还无法理解这件事情，你也不要去管它。‎ ‎[名师点津]　that引导的宾语从句有时可作间接宾语。‎ She told me that she would accept my invitation.‎ 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。‎ ‎(2)whether或if引导的宾语从句 whether或if引导宾语从句时，在句中不充当成分，但是含“是否”之意，从句要用陈述语序。‎ I wonder whether/if we'll finish the task on time.‎ 我不知道我们能否按时完成这项任务。‎ I'll see whether/if I can advise him to accept it. ‎ 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。‎ ‎[名师点津]　用whether而不用if引导宾语从句的情况：‎ ‎①作介词的宾语时，只能用whether；‎ ‎②与or或or not连用时只能用whether；‎ ‎③用于There's some doubt whether ...句型中；‎ ‎④少数动词如：leave, put, discuss, doubt等后的宾语从句常用whether。‎ We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.‎ 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。‎ I want to know whether it's good news or not. ‎ 我想知道是否是好消息。‎ We discussed whether we should use the money to buy a new house.‎ 我们讨论了是否该用这笔钱来买套新房子。‎ There is some doubt whether he will come in time.‎ 他是否能及时赶到值得怀疑。‎ ‎(3)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever和连接副词when, where, how, why。 这些连接词都有词义，除引导从句外，还在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。这种宾语从句有疑问意义，但不是疑问句，不能用疑问语序，而要用陈述语序。‎ She always thinks of how she can work well.‎ 她总是在想怎样把工作做好。(how作状语)‎ She gave up what she was doing.‎ 她放弃了她正在做的事情。(what作宾语)‎ Do you know who has won Red Alert game?‎ 你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏吗？(who作主语)‎ Do you know when the meeting will begin?‎ 你知道什么时候开会吗？(when作状语)‎ Can I speak to whoever is in charge of this project?‎ 我能和负责这个项目的人谈谈吗？(whoever作主语)‎ ‎[名师点津]　“疑问词ever”结构的词可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句，而“no matter ＋疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　what和which引导宾语从句的区别 what 意为“什么”，所涉及之物无范围 which 意为“哪一个”，所涉及之物有范围 They wanted to see which shop would offer the best service. (他们要看好几家商店)‎ 他们想看看哪家商店提供的服务最好。‎ They wanted to see what shop he opened last week.(他们想知道他所开的那个商店的类型)‎ 他们想看看他上一周开的是什么商店。‎ ‎3．注意事项 ‎(1)it作形式宾语 当某些动词后的宾语从句之后有宾语补足语(通常是形容词或名词)时，通常以it代替that宾语从句作形式宾语，这时that不可省略。常见的这类动词有find, think，consider, take, feel等。‎ I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.‎ 我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。‎ We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time.‎ 我们发现我们按时完成工作有困难。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在like, enjoy, love, hate 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词或一些特殊动词(短语)如take, depend on, rely on, see to等后若要跟宾语从句，需跟形式宾语 it。‎ I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.‎ 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。‎ You may depend on it that they will support you.‎ 你相信好了，他们会支持你的。‎ ‎(2)宾语从句的否定转移 当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等表示“认为、相信、猜测”等意义的动词，其后接宾语从句时，若从句表示否定意义，则常把否定词not转移到主句谓语部分。‎ I don't think (that) he is interested in that thing.‎ 我认为他对那件事不感兴趣．‎ I don't believe she has finished the homework, has she?‎ 我想她还没有写完作业，是吗？‎ ‎(3)宾语从句的虚拟语气 表示“建议、命令、要求、决定、主张”等动词后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。这类动词主要有insist, order, demand等。‎ He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.‎ 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。‎ ‎[巧学助记]‎ 后接宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词口诀：‎ ‎“一二三四”‎ 一个坚持(insist)；‎ 两个命令(order, command)；‎ 三条建议(advise, suggest, recommend)；‎ 四项要求(demand, desire, require, request)。‎ ‎[即时演练2]‎ ‎(1)用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空 ‎①We are discussing what we shall do to help the poor.‎ ‎②Journal writers write about their travels in what is called a travel journal.‎ ‎③I wonder how you are getting on with your studies.‎ ‎④I want to know where she has gone.‎ ‎⑤Can you help to find out whose wallet it is?‎ ‎⑥I don't know whether/if he'll arrive in time. ‎ ‎(2)单句语法填空 ‎①I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. ‎ ‎②He insisted that the meeting (should)_be_put (put) off.‎ ‎③I like it that everyone passed the exam. ‎ ‎④The teacher said that the sun rises (rise) in the east.‎ ‎⑤I know that he studied (study) English last term.‎ ‎⑥He felt it his duty that he should help the old man.‎ 三、表语从句 ‎1．概念：在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。‎ ‎2．连接词的用法 ‎(1)that引导的表语从句 用法：①无意义　②不充当成分　③不可省略 The trouble is that she has lost his address.‎ 麻烦的是她弄丢了他的地址。‎ My suggestion is that we should tell him. ‎ 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。‎ ‎(2)whether引导的表语从句 The question remains whether they will be able to help us.‎ 问题还是他们能否帮我们。‎ ‎[名师点津]　if不能引导表语从句。‎ ‎(3)连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句 The problem is how we can find him.‎ 问题是我们如何找到他。‎ He is no longer what he was. ‎ 他已经不再是以前的他了。‎ That's where you are wrong.‎ 这就是你不对的地方。‎ ‎(4)because, as if/as though等引导的表语从句 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.‎ 听起来好像有人在敲门。‎ That's because you can't appreciate music. ‎ 那是因为你不能欣赏音乐。‎ ‎3．注意事项 ‎(1)why和because引导的表语从句的区别 That's why ...‎ 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果 That's because ...‎ 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因 I didn't phone her, and that's why she got angry with me.‎(强调“没打电话”这一结果)‎ 我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。‎ I didn't phone her, and that's because I got angry with her. (强调“生气”这一原因)‎ 我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。‎ ‎(2)表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice, suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略，但不可换成would)。‎ My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.‎ 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。‎ ‎[即时演练3]　补全句子 ‎①The fact was that_he_didn't_really_try. ‎ 事实是他没有做真正的努力。‎ ‎②The question is whether_the_film_is_worth_seeing.‎ 问题是这部电影是否值得看。‎ ‎③Now it_seems_as_though/if she had known Millie for years.‎ 现在看起来她认识米莉已有好多年了。‎ ‎④My advice is that you (should)_practise_speaking_English as often as possible.‎ 我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。‎ ‎⑤That's where_I_first_met_her.‎ 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。‎ ‎⑥The problem is who_is_really_fit_for_the_hard_job.‎ 问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。‎ Ⅰ.选用适当的连接词填空 ‎1．The question discussed at the meeting was whether it was worth trying.‎ ‎2．We think that it's necessary to talk with him again.‎ ‎3．Do you remember when/how/why he came here?‎ ‎4．All this was over twenty years ago, but it is as_if it were only yesterday.‎ ‎5．I'm wondering why you are always late for class.‎ ‎6．I am not sure whether he is willing to help me.‎ ‎7．My parents are very kind to me and always let me do what I think I should do.‎ ‎8．The trouble is that I lost the key to my room.‎ ‎9．If I'm a bit sleepy, it's because I was up all night. ‎ ‎10．You must do whatever is best for you. ‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．(2015·四川高考标准范文)And you also should keep it in mind that_comparing_notes_with_your_classmates_frequently_is_a_good_way_to_improve_your_study (和同学经常交流笔记是提高学习的好方法)．‎ ‎2．(2015·重庆高考写作二标准范文)All the participants can get what_they_want (他们想要的东西). ‎ ‎3．(2015·浙江高考满分作文)In such a case I will insist on whatever_I_think_is_right (‎ 我认为正确的任何事情)．‎ ‎4．(2015·四川高考标准范文)To practice as much as possible is where_the_secret_lies (秘密所在). ‎ ‎5．(2014·辽宁高考标准范文)You need to hand in a report, explaining how_the_idea_occurs_to_you (你怎样想到的这个主意) and what materials you use.‎ ‎6．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)I'm wondering whether_you_would_like_to_spend_time_with_us (你是否愿意和我们度过这段时光)．‎ ‎7．(2014·上海高考满分作文)I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and that's why_I'm_writing_to_voice_my_opinion (那就是我给你写信发表我自己观点的原因)．‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(用适当的连接词填空)‎ I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing 1.that happened in my restaurant today. This afternoon a poorlydressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew 2.who he was. We were surprised that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We wondered 3.why he was so hungry. We doubted 4.whether the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked 5.if/whether we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see 6.that he took out of an envelope — a million pound banknote.‎ I asked Mr. Clements 7.whether it was genuine. Mr. Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought 8.what the gentleman showed us couldn't be a fake.‎ ‎9．That a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn't describe 10.how excited I was.‎