【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句学案（12页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句学案（12页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 名词性从句 近几年语法填空与短文改错题中对名词性从句的考查多集中在宾语从句上，这也与高考重基础知识的考查这一主题思路相符；名词性从句是英语语法中一个重要组成部分，也是英语语言中运用最为广泛的知识点之一，对其涉及的所有知识都应重点掌握。‎ 考生在解答这类题目时，要根据连接词在名词性从句中所作的句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若在从句中作主语或宾语用连接代词，若作状语就用连接副词；如果不作成分则要考虑从句意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不作成分且从句意思完整则用that。‎ ‎[典题感悟]‎ 一、语法填空常考点 ‎(一)宾语从句 ‎1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ 解析：how　how thick the adobe walls needed to be是宾语从句，作figured out的宾语。how修饰形容词thick。‎ ‎2．(2014·广东高考)I didn’t understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.‎ 解析：why　根据语境此处应用why引导宾语从句。‎ ‎(二)主语从句 ‎1．(2016·江苏高考改编)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ 解析：that　句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持梦想的人，一切皆有可能。此句为主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，句意完整，故使用that引导。‎ ‎2．(2015·北京高考改编)______ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ 解析：How　句意：我们如何理解事情与我们的感受有很大关系。本句考查主语从句，根据逻辑意义此处表示方式，故填how。‎ ‎(三)表语从句 ‎1．(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ 解析：that　句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是你完全可以远离尘埃。根据句子结构可知，本句是表语从句，且表语从句中主系表结构完整，故使用连词that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。‎ ‎2．(2015·安徽高考改编)A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ________ ships are built for.‎ 解析：what　句意：港口里的船是安全的，但是那不是建造船的目的。空格后的句子是表语从句，表语从句中for缺少宾语，故用what。‎ ‎(四)同位语从句 ‎1．(2016·天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ 解析：that　句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。有太多的工作要做。后面是建议的具体内容，从句不缺成分，故填that。‎ ‎2．(2014·重庆高考改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?‎ ‎—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.‎ 解析：why　句意：“迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取通知是真的吗？”“是的，但我不知道他这么做的原因，耶鲁大学是他最喜爱的大学之一。”根据后面的that’s one of his favorite universities可知这里指原因，故用why引导。‎ 二、短文改错常考点 ‎(一)连接代词和连接副词混用 ‎1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.________________‎ 解析：where→that或者去掉where　此处指他转过身发现父母不见了。found后面接宾语从句，故将where改为that或去掉where。‎ ‎2．(2013·湖南高考改编)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell that close you may be to victory.________________‎ 解析：that→how　句意：不要因失败而泄气，因为你永远也不会知道成功可能离你有多近。“...close you may be to victory”为宾语从句，close为形容词，故用how。‎ ‎(二)连接词重叠使用 ‎1．(2014·四川高考)If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.________________‎ 解析：去掉when　notice后的宾语从句不缺成分且意思完整，故用that引导。‎ ‎2．The exhibition tells us what why we should do something to stop air pollution.________________‎ 解析：去掉what　根据语境可知这里表示原因，故要用why来引导。‎ ‎(三)连接代词/副词混用 ‎1．(2013·辽宁高考)“He has ruined his healthy. We are worried about him.” That is which other teachers say.________________‎ 解析：which→what　此处表示其他老师的说话内容，且连接词引导表语从句并在从句中作宾语，故用what。‎ ‎2．We must find out where Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.________________‎ 解析：where→when　根据语境可知，此处表示“他来的时间”，故用when引导。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．掌握名词性从句连接词的基本用法 ‎(1)连接词that在从句中没有任何含义，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。‎ ‎(2)连接词whether, if意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。若在两者之间二选一，应选择whether。‎ ‎(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, who(m)ever, whatever, whichever既起连接作用，同时又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。‎ ‎(4) 连接副词when, where, why, how既起连接作用，同时又在从句中作状语。‎ ‎2．牢记what和that的区别 ‎(1)that没有词义，也不作任何成分，当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时用that；‎ Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.‎ 专家认为，人们可以通过只有需要时才购物这一方法来减少更多食物的浪费。‎ ‎(2)what在从句中表示“……的(东西)”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，定语等成分。‎ Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do.‎ 振作起来。勇气就是去做你害怕去做的事情。‎ ‎3．熟记it作形式主语代表从句的句型公式 ‎(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that从句 It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.‎ 很明确，大多数农民通过各种方式赚了很多钱。‎ ‎ (2)It＋ be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.‎ 你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。‎ ‎(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/decided等)＋that从句 It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.‎ 据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这个实验。‎ ‎(4)It＋特殊动词(seem/appear/happen等)＋that从句 It seems to me that you object to the plan.‎ 在我看来，你好像反对这个计划。‎ ‎4．熟记it作形式宾语代表从句的常见句式 ‎(1)动词find, feel, think, consider, believe等后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。‎ I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.‎ 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。‎ ‎(2)有些动词跟从句时习惯上需要在从句前加it，这类动词有：hate, enjoy, like, love, dislike, appreciate, see to等。‎ Please see to it that the door is locked.‎ 请留意一下把门锁好。 ‎ ‎ 5.牢记连接词的选择3步骤 ‎(1)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，或者两个单词以及短语中间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处通常是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。‎ ‎(2)根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。‎ ‎(3)一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词，若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，用连接代词，若作状语就用连接副词；如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。‎ What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(引导主语从句，在从句中作主语)‎ 她告诉我说，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。‎ When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.(引导同位语从句)‎ 当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军。‎ I don’t know who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.(引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)‎ 我不知道当经理不在时由谁来负责公司。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.‎ ‎2．It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.‎ ‎3._It happened to me that I had been away when he called.‎ ‎4．Who will be in charge of the project hasn’t been decided yet.　‎ ‎5．I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the gettogether.‎ ‎6．We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.‎ ‎7．I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.‎ ‎8．The question is _whether we can reduce the cost of the product.‎ ‎9．He has lung disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.‎ ‎10．It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.‎ ‎11．He kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucy to make sure of her happiness.‎ ‎12．What we can’t get seems better than what we already have.‎ ‎13．The Great Wall leaves visitors a puzzle how ancient Chinese people managed to build it without modern tools.‎ ‎14．As many as seven courses are provided, and they are free to choose whichever suits them best.‎ ‎15．The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Success partly depends on if you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.if→whether ‎2．We’re all pleased what we have once again overcome the difficulty.what→that ‎3．We all consider important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.consider后加it ‎4．My suggestion is we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.is后加that ‎5．It is thought he has made much money by selling cigarettes.thought后加that ‎6．His promise which he would give away half of the year’s income to the disabled turned out a lie.which→that ‎7．We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club. The number of members is limited.whom→who ‎8．Whether we will do is to leave a note to tell mum we will be back late.Whether→What ‎9．There is no doubt whether teachers play an important role in children’s growth.whether→that ‎10．Children should be reminded of that they should do in public places.that→what 第十讲 连词和状语从句 并列连词在语法填空与短文改错题中的出题频率都很高，且考查角度多集中在and, but, or的用法上；让步、时间、条件状语从句是状语从句的主流考查点，对其常见引导词的用法、含义应牢记于心。‎ 如果是状语从句，就根据主从句之间的关系及连词的意义判断引导词，如表示“是否”用if/whether，表示“直到”用until，表示“因为”用because/as/since等。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ 一、语法填空常考点 ‎(一)并列连词 ‎1．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn’t changed in a few days ________ even a few months. ‎ 解析：or　句意：但是这条河流的改变不是几天或者几个月的事情。根据句意可知此处填表示选择的连词or。‎ ‎2．(2015·广东高考)One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily.‎ 解析：when　was/were doing sth.when ...表示“正在做某事这时突然……”。‎ ‎3．(2014·广东高考)We were told that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, ________ for the week after.‎ 解析：but　此处考查not ...but ...固定结构，故填but。‎ ‎(二)状语从句的引导词 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.‎ 解析：as/when　空处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”或“当……时”，故填as/when。‎ ‎2．(2016·四川高考)The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. ________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.‎ 解析：When或If　根据逻辑关系可知，此处是状语从句的连词；根据意义可知，表示“当……时候”或“如果”。‎ ‎3．(2014·辽宁高考)Oh ..., ________ you don’t mind, I’ll stop and take a ‎ deep breath.‎ 解析：if　句意：如果你不介意，我得停下来深呼吸一下。‎ 二、短文改错常考点 ‎(一)上下句逻辑关系不吻合 ‎1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)There the air is clean or the mountains are green.________________‎ 解析：or→and　此处是并列句，连接the air is clean和the mountains are green，应该使用连接词and。‎ ‎2．(2015·陕西高考)My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.________________‎ 解析：after→when/while　根据句意，应该是打包的时候掉了一些在地板上。‎ ‎3．(2015·四川高考)In fact, I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship.________________‎ 解析：so→but　句意：事实上，我不想继续下去了，但我怕失去他们的友谊。根据句意可知此处为转折关系。‎ ‎(二)连词冗余 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.________________‎ 解析：去掉but　在英语中，though和but不能连用。‎ ‎2．(2013·辽宁高考)With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night.________________‎ 解析：去掉so　这是一个简单句，不需要连词。‎ ‎(三)连词混用 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.________________‎ 解析：that→where　介词to的宾语从句中缺少动词live的状语，故将that改为where。‎ ‎2．(2016·四川高考)Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.________________‎ 解析：or→and　句意：我和我爸爸都计划在母亲节做点什么事情。both ...and ...意为“……和……都，不仅……而且……，既……又……”，是固定结构。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．掌握五种常考的并列连词 ‎(1)表示转折关系的并列连词，包括but, while(而)等。其中，while连接并列句时，两分句之间是对比关系。‎ ‎(2)表示平行或对等关系的联合并列连词，常见的有and, not only ... but (also)等。‎ ‎(3)表示选择关系的并列连词，常见的有or, either ... or等。 ‎ ‎(4)表示因果关系的并列连词，常见的有for, so等。‎ ‎(5)特殊并列连词 when可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and this/that time。常用于下列句式：‎ ‎①be about to do sth. when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”‎ ‎②be on the point of doing sth. when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”‎ ‎③be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”‎ ‎④had done sth. when ...“刚做了某事，这时突然……”‎ He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.‎ 他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。‎ ‎[注意]　由并列连词and, or连接的“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型是近年来高考的热点，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。‎ Register in Renren, and you will be able to get in touch with the friends whom you haven’t seen for a long time.‎ 在人人网注册后你就能与你很久没见面的朋友取得联系了。‎ ‎2．熟记状语从句的常考连词 时间状语从句：when, while, as, until, till, as soon as, the moment, before, after等。‎ 地点状语从句：where, wherever等。‎ 条件状语从句：if, unless, in case, as long as等。‎ 让步状语从句：although, though, even though, as, even if, “no matter＋疑问词”等。although/though不能与but连用；as 引导让步状语从句时需用倒装句式。‎ 原因状语从句：because, since, as, now(that)等。‎ 目的状语从句：so that, in order that等。‎ 结果状语从句：so ...that, such ... that, so that等。‎ 方式状语从句：as, as if, as though等。‎ 比较状语从句：as ...as, not so/as ...as, than等。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空 ‎1．However hard you try, it is very difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.‎ ‎2．Food is forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.‎ ‎3．Just wait here, or you can hang around for a while. Your turn is half an hour away.‎ ‎4．—Did Jenny return early last night?‎ ‎—Exactly. It was not yet nine o’clock when she arrived home.‎ ‎5．It is said that Chinese people are living for others, while the Americans are for themselves.‎ ‎6．Though/Although the doctor has warned him of the side effects of the medicine, he still takes it every day.‎ ‎7. If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one.‎ ‎8．Quiet boy as/though he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.‎ ‎9．We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with us or you can meet us there later.‎ ‎10．Try to speak English whenever you can, and you will see more progress over time.‎ ‎11．The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.‎ ‎12．She says that she’ll have to close the shop unless business improves.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket but became quite upset.but→and ‎2．Although history can’t be changed, but lessons can be learned to face the future.去掉but或but→yet ‎3．With you grow older, you’ll know better and better about yourself.With→As ‎4．Great changes have taken place after you left this city.after→since ‎5．Make marks which you have questions.which→where ‎6．I’ve made up my mind to make every effort to study, so hard work is the key to success.so→because ‎7．My younger sister is fond of pop music when I like folk music.when→while ‎8．It took several weeks when I made this clear.when→before ‎9．I was fed up with it, and I couldn’t make her stop. and→but ‎10．It is three years when I became a high school student.when→since